Litestone Technical Specifications and Applications RSAlitestonegroup.com/Downloadable...

In accordance with

EN 77.1-4 and SANS 50 771-4

Technical Specifications and Applications

Building Our Future

Contents Introduction to Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) 1 Litestone AAC Standard Masonry Building Block 11 624mm (L) x 240mm (B) x 249mm (H); 11 PPW 4-0,5 Technical Specification AAC Thin-Bed Mortar Group B 11 Technical Specifications AAC Masonry Building Blocks of Different Formats and Strengths 12 Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Building Applications 13 Samples

AAC Blocks 13 Lintels 16 Murfor 26 Round Walls 28 Wall Connections 29 Wall / Foundation 39 Wall / Floor Slab 50 Wall / Roof 63 Point Loads 64 Ring Beam 65 Windows 66 More Information 68

Source: Understanding Cement by Nick Winter WHD Microanalysis Consultants Ltd Iken House, 8 Acer Rd, Rendlesham, Woodbridge Suffolk, UK Website: http://www.understanding-cement.com

1

Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC, Aircrete)

Introduction

Autoclaved aerated concrete is a versatile lightweight construction material and usually used as blocks. Compared with normal (ie: “dense” concrete), AAC has a low density and excellent insulation properties.

The low density is achieved by the formation of air voids to produce a cellular structure. These voids are typically 1mm - 5mm across and give the material its characteristic appearance. Blocks typically have strengths ranging from 3-9 N/mm2 (when tested in accordance with BS EN 771-1:2000). Densities range from about 460 to 750 kg/m3; for comparison, medium density concrete blocks have a typical density range of 1350-1500 kg/m3 and dense concrete blocks a range of 2300-2500 kg m-3.

Autoclaved aerated concrete block with a sawn surface to show the cellular pore structure (Picture courtesy H+H UK Ltd.)


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Detailed view of cellular pore structure in an AAC block.

Autoclaved aerated concrete blocks are excellent thermal insulators and are typically used to form the inner leaf of a cavity wall. They are also used in the outer leaf, when they are usually rendered, and in foundations. It is possible to construct virtually an entire house from autoclaved aerated concrete, including walls, floors - using reinforced AAC beams, ceilings and the roof. Autoclaved aerated concrete is easily cut to any required shape.

AAC also has good acoustic properties and it is durable, with good resistance to sulfate attack and to damage by fire and frost.

Production

Autoclaved aerated concrete is cured in an autoclave - a large pressure vessel. In AAC production the autoclave is normally a steel tube some 3 metres in diameter and 45 metres long. Steam is fed into the autoclave at high pressure, typically reaching a pressure of 800 kPa and a temperature of 180 °C.


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Autoclaved aerated concrete can be produced using a wide range of cementitous materials, commonly:

• Portland cement, lime and pulverised fuel ash (PFA)

or

• Portland cement, lime and fine silica sand. The sand is usually milled to achieve adequate fineness.

A small amount of anhydrite or gypsum is also often added. Autoclaved aerated concrete is quite different from dense concrete (ie: “normal concrete”) in both the way it is produced and in the composition of the final product. Dense concrete is typically a mixture of cement and water, often with slag or PFA, and fine and coarse aggregate. It gains strength as the cement hydrates, reaching 50% of its final strength after perhaps about 2 days and most of its final strength after a month. In contrast, autoclaved aerated concrete is of much lower density than dense concrete. The chemical reactions forming the hydration products go virtually to completion during autoclaving and so when removed from the autoclave and cooled, the blocks are ready for use. Autoclaved aerated concrete does not contain any aggregate; all the main mix components are reactive, even milled sand where it is used. The sand, inert when used in dense concrete, behaves as a pozzolan in the autoclave due to the high temperature and pressure. The autoclaved aerated concrete production process differs slightly between individual production plants but the principles are similar. We will assume a mix that contains cement, lime and sand; these are mixed to form a slurry. Also present in the slurry is fine aluminium powder - this is added to produce the cellular structure. The density of the final block can be varied by changing the amount of aluminium powder in the mix. The slurry is poured into moulds that resemble small railway wagons with drop-down sides. Over a period of several hours, two processes occur simultaneously: The cement hydrates normally to produce ettringite and calcium silicate hydrates and the mix gradually stiffens to form what is termed a "green cake". The green cake rises in the mould due to the evolution of hydrogen gas formed from the reaction between the fine aluminium particles and the alkaline liquid. These gas bubbles give the material its cellular structure. Litestone AAC production method


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Slurry being poured into moulds (Picture courtesy H+H UK Ltd.)


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Green cake rising in mould (Picture courtesy H+H UK Ltd.)

There are some parallels between autoclaved aerated concrete production and bread-making. In bread, the dough contains yeast and is mixed, then left to rise as the yeast converts sugars to carbon dioxide.

The dough must have the right consistency; too hard and the bubbles of carbon dioxide cannot 'stretch' the dough to make it rise, but if the dough is too sloppy, the carbon dioxide bubbles rise to the surface and are lost and the dough collapses. With the right consistency, the dough is sufficiently elastic to stretch and expand, but strong enough to retain the gas so that the dough does not collapse. When risen, the dough is placed in the oven.

Although a much more complex process, AAC production conditions are precisely-controlled for, in part, somewhat similar reasons. The mix proportions and the initial mix temperature must be correct and the aluminium powder must be present in the required amount and with the appropriate reactivity and alkaline environment. All of the materials must be of suitable


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fineness. A complicating factor is that the temperature of the green cake increases due to the exothermic reactions as the lime and the cement hydrate, so the reactions proceed faster.

When the cake has risen to the required height, the mould moves along a track to where the cake is cut to the required block size. Depending on the actual production process, the cake may be demoulded entirely onto a trolley before cutting, or it may be cut in the mould after the sides are removed.

The cake is cut by passing through a series of cutting wires.

Green cake being cut by wires (Picture courtesy H+H UK Ltd.)

At the cutting stage, the blocks are still green - only a few hours have passed since the mix was poured into the mould and they are soft and easily damaged. However, if they are too soft, the cut blocks may either fall apart or stick together; if they are too hard, the wires will not cut them - here too, the process has to be carefully controlled to achieve the necessary consistency. The cut blocks are then loaded into the autoclave. It takes a couple of hours for the autoclave to reach maximum temperature and pressure, which is held for perhaps 8-10 hours, or longer for high density/high strength AAC.


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"Green" blocks being loaded into an autoclave (Picture courtesy H+H UK Ltd.)

When removed from the autoclave and cooled, the blocks have achieved their full strength and are packed ready for transport.

AAC Composition

The essence of AAC production is that lime from the cement and lime in the mix reacts with silica to form 1.1 nm tobermorite.


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During the green stage, the cement is hydrating at normal temperatures and the hydration products are initially similar to those in dense concrete - C-S-H, CH and ettringite and/or monosulfate. After autoclaving, tobermorite is normally the principal final reaction product due to the high temperature and pressure.

Small amounts of other hydrated phases will also be present in the final product. Additionally, hydrated phases form in the autoclave as intermediate products, principally C-S-H(I). This is a more crystalline form of calcium silicate hydrate than occurs in dense concrete; it can have a ratio of calcium to silicon of (0.8<Ca/Si<1.5) but 0.8 to 1.0 is desirable as this ratio facilitates the formation of 1.1 nm tobermorite.

The compositions of the hydration products in AAC are therefore quite different from those in dense concrete cured at normal temperatures (ie: calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), calcium hydroxide (CH), ettringite and monosulfate).

Looking at this in a little more detail from when the green blocks enter the autoclave, the main reactions that occur are broadly as follows:

• Over 2 hours or so, as the pressure and temperature increase, the normal cement hydration products that formed in the green state progressively disappear and the sand becomes reactive.

• C-S-H(I) forms, partly from silica derived from the sand. • As more sand reacts, calcium hydroxide from the lime

and from cement hydration is gradually used up by continued formation of C-S-H(I).

• With continued autoclaving, 1.1 nm tobermorite starts to crystallize from the C-S-H(I); the total proportion of C-S-H(I) declines and that of 1.1 nm tobermorite gradually increases. C-S-H(I) is therefore mainly an intermediate compound.

The final hydration products are then principally:

• 1.1nm tobermorite • Possibly some residual C-S-H(I) • Hydrogarnet

Unreacted sand is likely to remain in the final product. There may also be some residual calcium hydroxide if insufficient silica has reacted and some residual anhydrite and/or hydroxyl-ellestadite if anhdrite was present in the mix.


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SEM image of polished section showing a detail - a cell wall - of a block made with cement, lime and sand mix. Some residual unreacted sand particles remain (examples arrowed), often

with rims of hydration product showing the size of the original particle. Most of the matrix is composed of tobermorite. Black areas at top left and bottom right are epoxy resin used in

preparing the polished section filling air voids (air cells). The objective is to react sufficient silica from the sand to form tobermorite from the available lime supplied by the lime and cement. This will depend on a range of factors, including the inherent reactivities of the materials, their fineness (especially the sand), and the temperature and pressure. If the autoclaving time is too short, the tobermorite content will not be maximised and some unreacted calcium hydroxide will remain and block strengths will be then less than optimum. If the autoclaving time is too long, other hydration products may form which may also be detrimental to strength and an unnecessary energy cost will be incurred.

There are different forms of tobermorite: 1.1 nm tobermorite and 1.4 nm tobermorite. Also, there are different types of 1.1 nm tobermorite and these behave differently when heated. Their crystal structure is that of layered sheets, with water molecules between the layers - on heating, the inter-layer water is lost; as a result, some 1.1 nm tobermorites shrink (a process known as lattice shrinkage) but some don’t.

1.4 nm tobermorite (C5S6H9) - forms at room temperature and is found as a natural mineral. It decomposes at 55 °C to 1.1 nm tobermorite, and so is not found in AAC.


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Calcium silicate hydrate compositions in AAC

• 1.1 nm tobermorite (C5S6H5) is usually the main hydration product in AAC where cement, lime and sand are used

• C-S-H(I) - more crystalline than C-S-H in dense concrete, typically 0.8<Ca/Si<1.0

• Xonotlite (C6S6H) - forms with longer autoclaving times, or higher temperatures

'Normal' tobermorite shows lattice shrinkage, while non-shrinking tobermorite is called 'anomalous' tobermorite. Tobermorite in AAC made with cement, lime and sand is usually normal tobermorite. Tobermorite in autoclaved aerated concrete made with cement, lime and PFA is usually anomalous tobermorite. Aluminium and alkali together in solution (such as will be present in mixes of cement, lime and PFA) tend to produce anomalous tobermorite, with some aluminium and alkali taken up into the tobermorite crystal structure. The differences between the different forms of autoclaved calcium silicate hydrates are not well-defined; in an AAC block, intimately-mixed hydrates of different compositions and crystallinity are likely to occur. Other hydrothermally-formed minerals

• Gyrolite (C2S3H2) - not normally found in AAC • Jennite (C9S6H11) occurs as a natural mineral; not found

in AAC • C-S-H(II) - Ca/Si≈ 2.0. Does not occur in AAC • C2SH (α-C2S hydrate) can occur in autoclaved products

but is undesirable • Hydroxyl-ellestadite (C10S3.3SO3.H2O) - may be found in

AAC; also occurs at the cooler end of cement kilns

Environmental benefits of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

The use of autoclaved aerated concrete has a range of environmental benefits:

• Insulation: most obviously, the insulation properties of AAC will reduce the heating costs of buildings constructed with autoclaved aerated concrete, with consequent fuel savings over the lifetime of the building.

• Materials: lime is one of the principal mix components and requires less energy to produce than Portland cement, which is fired at higher temperatures. Sand requires only milling before use, not heating, and PFA is a by-product from electricity generation. NB: lime may require less energy to manufacture compared with Portland cement but more CO2 is produced per tonne (cement approx. 800-900 kg CO2/tonne compared to lime at 1000 kg CO2 per tonne).

• Carbonation: less obviously, the cellular structure of AAC gives it a very high surface area. Over time, much of the material is likely to carbonate, largely offsetting the carbon dioxide produced in the manufacture of the lime and cement due to the calcining of limestone.

Litestone AAC Standard Masonry Building Block PPW 4-0,5

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624mm (L) x 240mm (B) x 249mm (H) Benefits and Advantages • High Thermal Insulation • Lightweight • Superior Fire Resistance • Compressive Strength • Workability • Economical, Easier and Quicker to Install • Sound Insulation and Absorption • Environmentally Friendly • High Resistance to Air and Water Penetration • Durability and Dimensional Stability • Cost Effective Litestone AAC Standard Masonry AAC Thin-Bed Mortar Group B Block PPW 4-0,5 Technical Specifications Technical Specifications Strength Class 4 Initial Shear > 0,3 N/mm2 Strength Compressive Stress 1,0 MN/m2 Dry Bulk Density 1,425 +/- 75 kg/m3 Ave Compressive > 5,0 N/mm2 Water Absorption < 0,35 kg/m2 min 0,5 Strength Gross Density 0,50 kg/dm3 Fire Class A1 Dimensional Stability < 0,2 mm/m Water Vapour 5/20 Permeability Dead Load 6,0 KN/m3 Chloride Content < 0,1% m/m Thermal Conductivity 0,12 W/mK Thermal Conductivity 0,52 W/mK Acoustic Properties Rw = 36 dB Correction Time 7 minutes

AAC Masonry Building Blocks Different Formats and Strengths

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Product Thermal

Conductivity k

Dimensions LxBxH

Compressive Strength

Class Density Dead

Load

Allowable Compressive

Stress σ0

Blocks Required

per m2 and m3

Mortar Required

(dry mass) per

m2 and m3

W/mK mm N/mm2 kg/dm3 KN/m3 MN/m2 Blocks per m2/m3

Mortar kg per m2/m3

PPW 1,6-0,30 0,08 624 x 365 x 249 1,6 0,30 4,0 0,40 6,4 / 17,5 4,12 / 11,30

PPW 1,6-0,30 0,08 499 x 425 x 249 1,6 0,30 4,0 0,40 8,0 / 18,8 4,23 / 11,60

PPW 1,6-0,30 0,08 499 x 480 x 249 1,6 0,30 4,0 0,40 8,0 / 16,7 4,85 / 11,40

PPW 2-0,35 0,08 624 x 365 x 249 2 0,35 4,5 0,60 6,4 / 17,5 4,12 / 11,30

PPW 2-0,35 0,08 499 x 400 x 249 2 0,35 4,5 0,60 8,0 / 20,0 4,19 / 11,50

PPW 2-0,35 0,08 499 x 500 x 249 2 0,35 4,5 0,60 8,0 / 16,0 4,93 / 11,50

PPW 2-0,35 0,09 499 x 300 x 249 2 0,35 4,5 0,60 8,0 / 26,7 3,60 / 12,00

PPW 2-0,35 0,09 624 x 300 x 249 2 0,35 4,5 0,60 6,4 / 21,3 3,45 / 11,50

PPW 2-0,35 0,09 499 x 365 x 249 2 0,35 4,5 0,60 8,0 / 21,9 4,23 / 11,60

PPW 2-0,35 0,09 624 x 365 x 249 2 0,35 4,5 0,60 6,4 / 17,5 4,12 / 11,30

PPW 2-0,40 0,10 624 x 175 x 249 2 0,40 5,0 0,60 6,4 / 36,6 2,21 / 12,60

PPW 2-0,40 0,10 499 x 240 x 249 2 0,40 5,0 0,60 8,0 / 33,3 2,98 / 12,40

PPW 2-0,40 0,10 624 x 240 x 249 2 0,40 5,0 0,60 6,4 / 26,7 2,88 / 12,00

PPW 2-0,40 0,10 499 x 300 x 249 2 0,40 5,0 0,60 8,0 / 26,7 3,60 / 12,00

PPW 2-0,40 0,10 624 x 300 x 249 2 0,40 5,0 0,60 6,4 / 21,3 3,45 / 11,50

PPW 2-0,40 0,10 499 x 365 x 249 2 0,40 5,0 0,60 8,0 / 21,9 4,38 / 12,00

PPW 2-0,40 0,10 624 x 365 x 249 2 0,40 5,0 0,60 6,4 / 17,5 4,12 / 11,30

PPW 4-0,50 0,12 624 x 175 x 249 4 0,50 6,0 1,00 6,4 / 36,6 2,21 / 12,60

PPW 4-0,50 0,12 624 x 240 x 249 4 0,50 6,0 1,00 6,4 / 26,7 2,88 / 12,00

PPW 4-0,50 0,12 499 x 300 x 249 4 0,50 6,0 1,00 8,0 / 26,7 4,23 / 12,00

PPW 4-0,50 0,12 499 x 365 x 249 4 0,50 6,0 1,00 8,0 / 21,9 4,23 / 12,00

PPW 4-0,55 0,14 624 x 115 x 249 4 0,55 6,5 1,10 6,4 / 55,7 1,61 / 14,00

PPW 4-0,55 0,14 499 x 240 x 249 4 0,55 6,5 1,10 8,0 / 33,3 2,98 / 12,40

PPW 4-0,60 0,16 624 x 175 x 249 4 0,60 7,0 1,10 6,4 / 36,6 2,21 / 12,60

PPW 6-0,65 0,18 624 x 175 x 249 6 0,65 7,5 1,40 6,4 / 36,6 2,21 / 12,60

PPW 6-0,65 0,18 499 x 240 x 249 6 0,65 7,5 1,40 8,0 / 33,3 2,98 / 12,40

PPEW 6-0,65 0,18 499 x 300 x 249 6 0,65 7,5 1,40 8,0 / 26,7 3,69 / 12,00

PPEW 6-0,65 0,18 499 x 365 x 249 6 0,65 7,5 1,40 8,0 / 21,9 4,23 / 11,60

Standard production block

*Note: All other products are produced on request

AAC: Building Applications

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AAC BLOCKS With Ergonomical Grips

1) AAC blocks 6) Cut corner block

T&G + ergonomical grips - the cutting section with grips

2) AAC thin-bed mortar can be used elsewhere

3) Mortar 7) Vertical joint

4) DPC - no bonding with thin-bed mortar

5) Foundation by tongued and grooved blocks


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AAC BLOCKS With Ergonomical Grips

1) AAC blocks 5) Foundation

T&G + ergonomical grips 6) Vertical joint

2) AAC thin-bed mortar - no bonding with glue by tongued

3) Mortar and grooved blocks

4) DPC 7) Remove the tongue


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AAC BLOCKS Smooth AAC blocks

1) Smooth AAC block 4) DPC

2) AAC thin-bed mortar 5) Foundation

3) Mortar


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LINTELS AAC Lintel

1) AAC block

2) AAC thin-bed mortar

3) AAC lintel


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LINTELS AAC U-Lintel

1) AAC block


3) AAC U-lintel

4) Reinforced concrete


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LINTELS AAC U-Lintel

a) Available length: 2m – 6m

width: 175 – 200 – 240 – 300 – 365 mm

b) 250 mm

c) Height of the required concrete beam to

be calculated by structural engineer

d) 50 – if b = 175 – 200 – 240

55 – if b = 300

62.5 – if b = 365

e) Bearing U-lintel (to be calculated by

structural engineer)


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LINTELS AAC U-Lintel – used as column

1) AAC block


3) AAC U-lintel

4) Reinforced concrete


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LINTELS AAC U-Lintel – connection with concrete floor slab/ceiling

1) AAC block 7) AAC block

2) AAC thin-bed mortar - to be cut on site

3) AAC U-lintel and glued to lintel

4) Reinforcing mesh 8) Elastic joint

5) Mortar 9) Insulation

6) Concrete floor/ceiling 10) Soft joint


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1) AAC block 7) Concrete floor/ceiling

2) AAC thin-bed mortar 8) AAC block – to be cut on site

3) AAC U-lintel and glued to lintel

4) Gunnebo nail 9) Elastic joint

5) Reinforcing mesh 10) Insulation

6) Mortar 11) Soft joint


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1) AAC block 6) Mortar

2) AAC thin-bed mortar 7) Concrete floor/ceiling

3) AAC U-lintel 8) Elastic joint

4) Gunnebo nail 9) Insulation

5) Reinforcing mesh 10) Soft joint


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LINTELS AAC U-Lintel – detail bearing of ceiling on AAC U-lintel

1) AAC block 7) Concrete

2) AAC thin-bed mortar 8) Concrete ceiling

3) AAC U-lintel 9) Sound insulation

4) Mortar 10) Floor screed

5) Roofing or neoprene > 4mm 11) DPC

6) Steel beam 12) Open perpend


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LINTELS Other Lintels – solid wall: concrete lintel

1) AAC block 5) Concrete lintel

2) AAC thin-bed mortar 6) Polyethylene foil

3) Thermal insulation 7) Gunnebo or aluminium nail

4) Reinforcing mesh 8) Expansion joint


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LINTELS Other Lintels – cavity wall: concrete lintel

1) AAC block 6) DPC

2) AAC thin-bed mortar 7) Mortar

3) Brick 8) Concrete lintel

4) Open perpend 9) Reinforcing mesh

5) Thermal insulation 10) Polyethylene foil


26

MURFOR Murfor Reinforcement

1) AAC wall 4) Murfor corner piece

2) AAC thin-bed mortar 5) Lapping min. 250 mm

3) Murfor EFS/Z or similar


27

MURFOR Wall Connection

1) AAC wall Sizes:

2) AAC thin-bed mortar a) 40 mm, 90 mm, 140 mm, 190 mm

3) Murfor EFS/Z or similar b) Diameter 1.5 mm

4) Murfor corner piece c) 8 mm x 1.5 mm


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ROUND WALL Cut Principle

1) AAC blocks – cut with band-saw α Angle

2) AAC thin-bed mortar e Block thickness

R Internal radius


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WALL CONNECTION Load-Bearing Walls

PROPERTIES OF THE BLOCK

Dimensions of standard block:

a) 624 mm

b) 240 mm

c) 249 mm

Custom dimensions per order only.


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WALL CONNECTION Load-Bearing Walls

1) AAC wall


3) Coupling Strips

4) Gunnebo nail


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WALL CONNECTION Load-Bearing Walls with Non Load-Bearing Wall

1) AAC wall


3) L-anchor

4) Gunnebo nail


32

WALL CONNECTION Load-Bearing Walls with Non Load-Bearing Wall

1) AAC wall 4) Resilient anchor

2) AAC wall or wall of other material 5) Gunnebo nail

3) Polyurethane foam


33

WALL CONNECTION Load-Bearing Walls with Non Load-Bearing Wall Free

Movement Allowed

1) AAC wall 5) Glass fibre mesh

2) AAC wall or wall of other material 6) Cut into plaster

3) Polyurethane foam 7) Resilient anchor

4) Finish 8) Gunnebo nail


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WALL CONNECTION New AAC Wall to Existing Wall

1) AAC wall 4) Fixed to existing wall

2) Existing wall 5) Resilient anchor

3) Polyurethane foam 6) Gunnebo nail


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WALL CONNECTION / COLUMN AAC Wall to a Column

1) AAC wall 4) Fixed to column

2) Concrete column 5) Resilient anchor

3) Ployurethane foam 6) Gunnebo nail


36

WALL CONNECTIONS / CEILING Load-Bearing Wall to a Ceiling

1) AAC wall 4) Finish

2) Polyurethane foam 5) Cut into finish

3) Glass fibre mesh 6) Ceiling


37

WALL CONNECTIONS / CEILING Non-Bearing Wall to a Ceiling

1) AAC wall 4) Resilient anchor


3) Ceiling 6) Fixed to ceiling


38

EXPANSION JOINTS With Dilatation Anchors

1) AAC wall 3) Dilatation anchor



39

WALL / FOUNDATION AAC Wall on Concrete Floor Above Cellar

1) AAC blocks – density PPW 4-0,5 10) Plaster

2) AAC blocks – density PPW 6-0,65 11) Stop bead

3) AAC thin-bed mortar 12) Cement screed

4) DPC 13) Concrete floor

5) Thermal insulation 14) Protection and DPC

6) Brick 15) Waterproofing

7) Waterproofing 16) DPC

8) Mortar 17) Foundation

9) Render only


40

WALL / FOUNDATION AAC Wall on Concrete Floor Above Ventilated Void

1) AAC blocks – density PPW 4-0,5 9) Render only

2) AAC blocks – density PPW 6-0,65 10) Plaster

3) AAC thin-bed mortar 11) Stop bead

4) DPC 12) Cement screed

5) Thermal insulation 13) Floor in concrete

6) Solid brick class B face brick 14) Protection and DPC

(Blue engineering brick) 15) DPC

7) Waterproof mortar 16) Foundation

8) Mortar


41

WALL / FOUNDATION Solid External AAC Wall

1) AAC block 9) Plaster

2) AAC thin-bed mortar 10) Stop bead

3) DPC 11) Cement screed

4) Thermal insulation 12) Floor in concrete

5) Brick or concrete 13) Base course

6) DPC 14) Foundation wall


8) Render only


42

WALL / FOUNDATION AAC Wall/Concrete Floor on Ground

1) AAC block 8) Render only

2) AAC thin-bed mortar 9) Plaster

3) DPC 10) Stop bead

4) Thermal insulation 11) Cement screed

5) Solid brick class B face brick 12) Concrete floor

(Blue engineering brick) 13) Base course

6) Waterproof mortar 14) Foundation wall



43

WALL / FOUNDATION Cavity Wall – Concrete Floor Above Cellar

1) AAC block 9) Concrete screed

2) AAC thin-bed mortar 10) Thermal insulation

3) AAC blocks – density PPW 6-0,65 11) Cement floor

4) DPC 12) Protection and DPC

5) Mortar 13) Waterproofing

6) DPC 14) DPC

7) Bricks 15) Foundation

8) Plaster


44

WALL / FOUNDATION Cavity Wall – Concrete Floor Above Ground


2) AAC thin-bed mortar 9) Cement screed


4) Thermal insulation 11) Base course

5) DPC 12) Foundation wall


7) Bricks


45

WALL / FOUNDATION Load-Bearing Internal AAC Wall

1) AAC block 7) Cement screed



4) Mortar 10) Base course

5) Waterproofing and DPC 11) Foundation wall

6) Plaster 12) Foundation


46

WALL / FOUNDATION Non Load-Bearing Internal AAC Wall on Concrete Floor



3) Mortar 8) Concrete floor

4) Waterproofing 9) Base course

5) Plaster


47

WALL / FOUNDATION Non Load-Bearing Internal AAC Wall on Concrete Floor


2) AAC thin-bed mortar 6) Insulation

3) Mortar 7) Concrete floor

4) Plaster


48

WALL / FOUNDATION Non Load-Bearing Internal AAC Wall on Timber Floor


2) AAC thin-bed mortar 6) Timber floor

3) Timber batten 7) Timber beams

4) Murfor


49

WALL / FOUNDATION Non Load-Bearing Internal AAC Wall on Timber Floor

1) AAC block 5) Internal plaster

2) AAC thin-bed mortar 6) Timber floor

3) Timber batten 7) Timber beams

4) Murfor 8) Polyethylene foil


50

WALL / FLOOR SLAB Placement of Concrete Floor on Solid 300mm AAC Wall

1) AAC block 5) Concrete floor

2) AAC thin-bed mortar 6) Bituminous felt or neoprene

3) Reinforcing mesh laid in render min. thickness 4 mm

4) Thermal insulation – type PU 7) Mortar


51

WALL / FLOOR SLAB Placement of Concrete Floor on Solid 240mm AAC Wall

1) AAC block 5) Concrete floor/hollow core floor

2) AAC thin-bed mortar slab/beam & blocks

3) Reinforcing mesh laid in render 6) Bituminous felt or neoprene

4) Thermal insulation – type PU min. thickness 4 mm

6) Mortar


52

WALL / FLOOR SLAB Placement of Concrete Floor on Solid External Wall

1) AAC block 5) In-situ concrete slab

2) AAC thin-bed mortar 6) Polyethylene foil

3) Reinforcing mesh laid in render 7) Polystyrene strip 40 x 5 mm

4) Thermal insulation 8) Mortar


53

WALL / FLOOR SLAB Placement of Timber Floor on Solid External Wall

1) AAC block 7) Timber floor

2) AAC thin-bed mortar 8) Subfloor

3) Reinforcing laid in render 9) Bituminous felt or neoprene

4) Plaster min. thickness 4 mm

5) Cavity or insulation 10) Necessary expansion space

6) Insulation – polyurethane foam for timber floor


54

WALL / FLOOR SLAB Placement of Concrete Floor on Cavity Wall

1) AAC block 5) Bricks

2) AAC thin-bed mortar 6) Concrete floor

3) Mortar 7) Bituminous felt or neoprene

4) Thermal insulation min. thickness 4 mm


55


1) AAC block 4) Bricks

2) AAC thin-bed mortar 5) Concrete floor

3) Mortar 6) Bituminous felt or neoprene

min. thickness 4 mm


56

WALL / FLOOR SLAB Placement of Concrete Floor on AAC Lintel

1) AAC block 7) Bituminous felt or neoprene

2) AAC thin-bed mortar min. thickness 4 mm

3) AAC Lintel 8) Plaster

4) Thermal insulation 9) Concrete floor

5) DPC 10) Sound insulation

6) Open perpend 11) Cement screed

12) Bricks


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1) AAC block 5) Polyethylene foil


3) Concrete floor 7) Bricks

4) Polystyrene strip 40 x 5 mm


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WALL / FLOOR SLAB Placement of Timber Floor on Cavity Wall

1) AAC block 6) Insulation – polyurethane foam


3) Cavity or insulation min. thickness 4 mm

4) Timber floor 8) Brick

5) Necessary expansion space 9) Timber floor

for timber 10) Subfloor


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WALL / FLOOR SLAB Placement of Concrete Floor on Internal Wall



3) Concrete floor 5) Mortar


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3) Concrete floor 5) Mortar


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1) AAC block 5) Render


3) Concrete floor min. thickness 4 mm

4) Cavity 20mm 7) Reinforcing mesh laid in render


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WALL / FLOOR SLAB Placement of Timber Floor on Internal Wall

1) AAC block 5) Polyurethane foam

2) AAC thin-bed mortar - thickness 15 mm

3) Timber beam 6) Bituminous felt or neoprene

4) Necessary expansion space min. thickness 4 mm

for timber floor


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WALL / ROOF Sloping Roof – Timber Frames

1) AAC wall 4) Wall plate

2) AAC thin-bed mortar 5) Timber frame

3) Holding down rod


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POINT LOADS Different Possibilities

Possibility 1 Possibility 2



3) Thermal insulation 6) Steel profile

4) Pad stone


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RING BEAM On Solid AAC Wall – Using U-Lintels

1) AAC block 5) Reinforcement mesh

2) AAC thin-bed mortar 6) Cavity or insulation

3) AAC U-lintel 7) Bituminous felt or neoprene

4) Concrete floor slab min. thickness 4 mm


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WINDOWS Cavity Wall

1) AAC Block 5) Open perpend

2) AAC thin-bed mortar 6) Flexible joint

3) Plaster 7) DPC

4) Brick 8) Thermal insulation


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WINDOWS Solid Wall

1) AAC block 5) DPC

2) AAC thin-bed mortar 6) Flexible joint

3) Plaster 7) Thermal insulation

4) Render only 8) AAC block

- cut from 100 mm block

More Information

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more information can be found at our website.

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