LITERATURE REVIEW

AND CASE STUDY OF

CORPORATE

ARCHITECTUREPREPARED BY:

DWARIKA BHATTARAI

LAXMAN ADHIKARI

PRATIK LOHANI

SANJAY NEUPANE

SUNNY SANJAY SHRESTHA

SAJEET SHRESTHA

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND FOR CORPORATE OFFICE.

“A corporate office is a place for transacting business”.

The legal profession evolved as did the written documentation which

required storage space.

People started meeting in coffee houses which provided the models

for the design of office environments.

Hence, an office evolved as generally room or area in which people

work.

Corporate offices have since become an architectural and social

phenomenon.

HISTORY OF CORPORATE OFFICE

Corporate offices were treated like machines up until few decades ago giving

very little consideration to the people factor.

Today, the emphasis is on productivity, hence it is accepted the working

environment affects the level of performance.

Offices in classical terms were often part of palace complex or large temple.

Ancient texts and inscriptions allude to the existence of offices.

In the medieval period the chancery was the place where most of the

government works were done. The rooms of the chancery had walls full of

pigeonholes, constructed to hold up pieces of documents.

Paintings and tapestries of pre-industrial period shows people in their prvate

offices, handling books, writing scrolls etc.

CORPORATE OFFICE AND STRUCTURE

The word office comes from the Latin word “officium” meaning service,

courtesy etc.

The word corporate comes from “corporatus” Latin, meaning collective.

There are many ways of arranging spaces in an office according to the

functions managerial and cultural offices.

It is guided by how people will work within the same room.

Open plan offices have multiple workers together in same place and improve

short term productivity but security and privacy are often issues associated

with it.

In walled office spaces, people set their working desks in such a way that they

can see the person entering their offices.

CORPORATE OFFICE BUILDING

They are built in locations commercially viable.

The modern requirements for the corporate offices are listed as below.

1. Legal

2. Technical(networking)

3. Security and flexibility of layout.

4. Productive workplace and working environment.

Although the corporate offices may have various occupants in various floor units, the floor layout are generally same.

Typivcally, it will have reception area, meeting rooms, singular or open plan offices, as well as toilets.

The buildings may also have kitchen facilities, dining areas and a staff room.

PLANNING CORPORATE OFFICE BUILDING Design requirements vary from office to office according to function,

organizational style, budget and the image the building reveal to the world.

The arrangement of the office function will actually be projection of the organizational chart, flow of work and the physical requirements of each department.

The spaces are divided according to departments and the sections that make up the firm, like executive ,offices, sales etc.

Good space utilization doesn’t necessary mean allocating less working spaces per person.

Good space utilization allots more spaces to activities that justifies it and reduces spaces where it is surplus.

Spaces required for a typical office can be divided into typical 5 categories:

1. OFFICE SPACE

2. FILE SPACE

3. SPECIAL EQUIPMENT

4. STORAGE

5. SPECIAL ROOMS

CORPORTAE OFFICE SPACE

The spaces include space for departmental aisles, space to move about,

spaces for visitors, rest rooms, general office equipment and bookcases

Spaces

Top Executive

Junior Executive

Supervisors

Operators

Area (sq.ft)

400-600

100-120

80-100

45-55

FILE SPACE

The actual space occupied by the drawer is easily measured, it is however difficult to estimate area to be allotted until decisions are made on the arrangement of the filing area.

SPECIAL EQUIPMENTS

Some special equipment require more space than normally allowed in an estimate.

STORAGE SPACE

Storage requirements depend upon the firms, its work and requirement to retain records.

SPECIAL ROOMS

They include:

1. RECEPTION ROOM

2. WAITING ROOM

3. CONFERENCE ROOM

4. REST ROOM

CORPORATE OFFICE PLANNING CONCEPT

The office planning concept has a strong effect on design, since it influences

building size and form.

The two main concepts for the planning are:

1. OPEN PLAN

2. CONVENTIONAL PLAN

In the conventional plan, most of the building perimeter is taken up fully by

the private offices.

The open plan assigns most occupants to spaces enclosed by low screens or

modular furniture.

CONVENTIONAL PLAN

ADVANTAGES

Visual and aural privacy can be provided for the office of executives.

The plan is appropriate for the company that wishes to draw sharp lines

between the ranks of its staff.

DISADVANTAGES:

Partitions must be demounted or demolished when space changes are

necessary.

Natural light and view of exterior is limited to those working on the interior.

OPEN PLAN

ADVANTAGES

Most of the employees enjoy natural light and view of exterior.

The plan is highly flexible, spaces can be arranged with relative ease.

The planning is compatible with energy conserving design.

DISADVANTAGES

Loss of aural and visual privacy

The plan is not feasible for building with narrow wings.

Orientation for the visitors may be more difficult than in conventional plan.

IMPORTANT FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED There is a series of metrics that can be helpful for analyzing efficiency of any

office space.

These metrics are needed to measure the potential spaces and layouts.

GROSS DENSITY RATIO:

It helps to determine current usable square feet per person ratio.

Typically this ratio ranges 175USF/person for densely planned and up to 325

USF/person in offices with frequent in office client/visitor meetings.

ENCLOSED TO OPEN RATIO:

This is the number of staff in private or enclosed offices compared to those

systems furniture or open cubicles.

Generally, enclosed offices take up more spaces on per person basis, so this

ratio can have direct impact on total space required.

IMPORTANT FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED

CONFERENCE ROOM RATIO:

A conference hall is generally for the business conference.

They can be windowless for security purposes.

The ratio between number of staff served by conference room is another

metric for space requirements.

This ratio can change from one conference room to 10 employees in open

office to one conference room per 20 employees in private office.

CIRCULATION FACTORS:

Circulation spaces should be allocated in addition to the total square footage

requirement.

For example: The dimension between the outside wall of the building and the

interior building core rooms should allow for hallway to give access to one or

more rooms.

Usually it is established at 25-35% of room/cubicle in an office.

OFFICE PLANNING MODULE

The module for the planning is derived from the analysis of needs,

compatibility with manufacture standards and existing module.

The greatest advantage of modular planning is the flexibility that can be

attended.

The 1.5*1.5 sq m office planning module is commonly used.

WORKSTATION

The basic workstation is the fundamental building block in understanding the

anthropometric considerations for planning and design of general office.

The best working position is when the person is seated with the upper arm

perpendicular to the floor and forearm at a angle of 90 degree.

TYPE 1 WORKSTATION:

Adjustable Height Table 60-78cm

Adjustable Height Chair 42-54cm

TYPE 2 and 3 WORKSTATION:

Fixed Height Table 72cm

Adjustable Height Chair 42-50 cm

Adjustable Foot Rest 0-15cm

WORKSTATION

The representative calculation of the space requirement for workstation are

as follows:

Work room (Min) 8 sq m floor area

Surrounding volume of air (Min) 1.5 sq m but minimum

Free circulation space (Min) 12-15 sq m

RECOMMENDED FLOOR TO CEILING HEIGHTS FOR FLOOR AREA OF:

50 sq m 2.5m

50-100 sq m 2.75m

100-250 sq m 3m

Over 250 sq m 3.25m

RECEPTION AREA

It should be placed so as to command a clear view of those entering and

easily accessible.

It should be attractive, neat, businesslike, and accommodate normal visitor

traffic.

SHELF FOR VISITORS

DEPTH OF WORK SURFACE

CURVE(INNER)

WIDTH OF WORK SURFACE

WORK SURFACE RETURN

20-25cm

60-75cm

30-42cm

90-110cm

70-90cm

SEAT HEIGHT

KEY BOARD HEIGHT

WORK SURFACE HEIGHT

VISITOR SHELF HEIGHT

OVERALL SCREEN HEIGHT

35-55cm

58-70cm

75-75cm

100-105cm

100-120cm

PRIVATE OFFICES

An office 20ft*15ft can easily accommodate a senior executive desk,

conference table for 4 people. It is usually for CEO’s office.

An office of 15ft*15ft is fit for vice president of mid sized firms. It includes an

executive desk, a small sofa for 2-3 and conference table for 3-4.

Offices of 10ft*12ft or even smaller 10ft*10ft .In this room a regular sized

desk and two guest chairs can be adjusted.

CUBICLE SIZES The sizes of the cubicles depend upon the systems furniture manufacturers

panel and work surface module, panel thicknesses and clustering possibilities.

Popular sizes are roughly 9ft*12ft for middle managers, 8ft*10ft for senior

staff and 8ft*8ft for general staff.

And 8ft*6ft or 6ft*6ft for administrative personnel.

CONFERENCE ROOMS Conference, meetings, assemblies are an important part of an organization.

The needs for various organization depending on nature of work, number of

conference room for number of staff can be determined.

The spacer planner should always evaluate the utilization of existing

conference rooms.

Conference rooms in an office permit maximum utilization through scheduling

at an appropriate level of management.

LOCATION:

It should be centrally located to the users.

Access to conference rooms should be through corridors or through reception

areas.

SIZE OF CONFERENCE ROOM:

Conference room should be designed to accommodate average but not

maximum attendance.

The size depends upon audio, visual etc. It is generally 20-25 USF per seat.

CIRCULATION

ESCALATOR:

They are required to provide continuous mass transport of people.

Escalators in corporate offices are at an angle between 30 and 35 degrees.

In accordance with worldwide standard, the width of step is generally

60cm(for one person width), 80cm(for one to two people).

A 100cm step width provides ample space for carrying loads.

The speed of an escalator as an rule should not be greater than 0.5m/s.

The average split of traffic that goes upstairs is:

FIXED STAIRS

LIFTS

ESCALATORS

2%

8%

90%

LIFT

The upward and downward movement of people in newly erected multistory

buildings is principally achieved by lifts, and serves as a means of vertical

transport for passengers.

Lift should move minimum of 15% of the building’s population within 5

minutes, with a maximum wait of 30 seconds and car capacity of 80%.

Lifts may be estimated on basis of one elevator per 2300 sq m.

Lift lobbies should be 1.8m-2.75m if lifts are on one sides.

3-3.75m lifts are on both sides.

LOBBIES IN FRONT OF LIFT SHAFT SHOULD BE DESIGNED AS SUCH THAT:

The users getting or exiting the lifts, do not get in each others way.

The largest loads like wheelchairs, furniture etc can be maneuvered in and

out without an risk.

Other users should be not obstructed by loads.

RESTAURANT AND FOOD COURTS

For corporate offices, as a part of workplace culture, restaurants and courts

should be designed for eating as well as meeting and solitary purposes.

Comfortable eating and possibly different atmospheres and ease of

communications for visitors.

Special provision for furniture and lighting.

Queuing should be avoided because it is probably time wasted.

The thumb rule for determining the area for restaurant and food court is:

Dining room 50-60% of the total area.

Kitchen room 40-50%

Traditional Restaurants

Café Restaurants

Staff Dining Room

AISLE WIDTH

Main

Side

Intermediate

1.3-1.9sqm

0.9-1.5sqm

1.4-1.7sqm

Minimum 2.0m

Minimum 1-2m

Minimum 0.9m

LIGHT

Light is critical to how well people work, and how comfortable they feel.

The appearance of the interior or exterior of a building can be totally

changed with imaginative lighting.

NATURAL LIGHT:

The quality and quantity of light in interior is dictated by the plan of a

building and the way skin of that building is designed.

Narrow plan building provide maximum natural light penetration.

ATRIUMS, in deep plan buildings provide natural light.

Light is controlled outside the skin of building with overhangs low head

heights to windows or louvers.

At skin level, shutters, solar glass or even plants are used for control.

Internally, various blinds reduce or eliminates glare.

LIGHT

Artificial lighting is used as a supplement to the daylight.

Artificial lights create moods and be directed and manipulated.

Lighting can change the apparent shape, color and texture of the interior.

The type of luminaries can be used to enhance both look and feel of a space.

The recommended lighting levels(in lux) for spaces are:

Offices

Open-plan Offices

Workstations

Technical Drawing

Conference Rooms

Reception Area

Circulation Area

Room for public use

Data Processing

500

750-1000

300

750

300

100

100

200

500

PARKING The 90 degree parking is more economical in space requirements(20-22sqm)

per car,45 degree parking for 23-26 sq m per car.

Parking space for cars should have an overall length of more than 5m and

width 2.3m but for disabled width should be more than 3.5m

Parking spaces for motorcycle have an overall length of 2.20m and width of

0.7m.

Parking facilities should not be near than 5ft to any street line or project

facility.

The turning radius for largest vehicle is 12m.

The recommended clearance height in multistory and basement garage is

2.2m and additional 25cm for signage for drivers.

Drive ways must have two traffic lanes: Single lane may be used for short

straight service drive ways.

SECURITY MANAGEMENT Need for better and more intelligent system than can effectively protect

offices.

Security is now concerned with protecting people, goods and materials.

Special attention must be provided to the computer with its data and instant

credit transfer facilities in banks.

A wide range of options and features that can be tailored to the requirements

of the buildings can be summarized as follows

1. Access Control System

2. Intrusion Detection System

3. Surveillance System

4. Health and Safety

5. Fire Monitoring

6. Lifts and Elevators

CONCLUSIONS FROM LITERATURE REVIEW

Through the study of the materials available and interview with the users the

functions to be installed in the building were determined.

The major subjects being:

1. Concepts of Corporate Office Planning

2. Concepts of open plan

3. Design aspects.

4. Probable structural scheme

5. Building management system

6. Energy Efficiency

BANK AND ARCHITECTUREWORLD BANK ARCHITECTURE

The banks have traditionally sought to create an image of

stability, solidity and permanence through built form.

The bank headquarter buildings become the flagship and

recognizable presence in the cities.

The history of bank architecture is the history of attempts of

the architects to reconcile architectural strength and

impermeability in the building.

NEPALESE BANK ARCHITECTURE

Formal banking started in Nepal in 1937 B.S with the

establishment of Nepal Bank Limited.

The construction of Rastriya Banijya Bank in 2055 B.S proved

to be a milestone in history of Nepalese Architecture.

In recent years private banks with an increased awareness

towards architecture are building sound structures.

LITERATURE ON BANK

BANKING HALL:

It includes working space of the staff and sub divided by means of counters.

The size of the public space will be decided by the volume of bank business

and the working hour.

It contains reception, loan officers, tellers ad writing desks.

OPEN PLAN LAYOUT:

It provided more room for the customer, making them comfortable and

welcome.

The idea of the planning is to bring staff and costumers closer together.

The Principles to an open planning are:

Maximize space given over to the costumer by moving service counter as close

to perimeter wall as possible.

Minimize space for processes and secure areas.

Create personal contact for dealing with financial products.

Achieve an open, inviting costumer friendly environment that brings in

consumer easily

CASH DISPENSERS:

Also known as ATMs are now a universal feature of modern high street banks.

In bank façade they should allow access from the rear to bank staff.

Not disrupt window frame, sills or horizontal banding

Be near ground level to allow for easy public access.

CASHIER POSITIONS:

Money is held securely in standard steel cabinet, usually underneath the

counter.

DRIVE-IN BANKS

To save time, costumers do not go into bank but drive up to an external cash

point. It avoids parking problems.

Each cash point can serve up to 250 costumers per day.

CONSIDERATIONS

Tellers should generally be located at one side of the bank to allow for

expansion.

Continuous counters are generally provided. Counter heights from floor is

usually kept 1.65m and width may vary from 30-60cm.

The width of working space leaving 45 cm for chair varies from 1.2 to 3 m.

The basis for working space and public may be adopted as 5-6.5sq m and 12.5

to 17.5 sq m respectively.

Writing desks should have at least 45cm width and 60 cm length

BANK OFFICE

In general modern bank building may have open, closed and modified plan.

Closed plan offices have full height walls or partition dividing the space into offices with doors.

Open plan offices workstations are located in an open space with no ceiling height divisions or doors.

Modified plans combine elements of both the other elements.

OFFICE AREA REQUIREMENTS:

People space is calculated (standard individual space*number of people)+allowances for immediate ancillary needs + factor for primary circulation.

The depth of a room depends upon the space required for an individual in a multi occupant,open plan, group or office.

The average depth of office space is 4.5-6m.

Open plan offices need a clear ceiling height of only 3m but height shoulde be 4.2 if ventilation ducts are installed.

DEPARTMENTS OF A BANK

LEGAL DEPARTMENT

Provides legal service to a bank as and when necessary.

CREDIT DEPARTMENT

Studies documents forwaded by the branch and authorizes the bank to disburse loans etc.

STRATEGIC PLANNING DEPARTMENT

Prepare the strategy for the bank business.

BANK OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT

Determine interest rates and prudential regulations.

ADMINISTRATION/HUMAN RESOURCE:

Executes and conducts recruitment, transfer, promotion in a bank

TREASURY DEPARTMENT

Management of funds and cash resource.

PLANNING AND RESEARCH:

Act as economic supervisors

GENERAL SERVICE:

Responsible for the management and maintenance of bank properties and supplies.

INTERNAL AUDIT AND INSPECTION DEPARTMENT:

Monitor and improve the integral management and check account.

IT DEPARTMENT:

Prepare and recommends the bank software to all departments,branches.

RECONCILIATION:

Responsible for checking the expenditure regarding other branches.

ACCOUNTS AND EXPENDITURE:

Responsible for formulating banks annual budget.

LOAN RECOVERY:

Responsible for recovering loan from costumers.

MARKETING:

To tap up potential costumers.

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

CONVENIENCE TO PUBLIC

FLOW OF WORK

CENTRALIZED FUNCTION

CONFERENCE ROOM

EQUIPMENTS

SERVICE

PASSENGER ELEVATORS

FREIGHT ELEVATORS

SHIPPINH DOCK

STRONG ROOM If a bank has safety deposit boxes, access from the

banking hall should be via a partition usually past the

securities department.

In smaller banks they may be divided into two.

Wall safes are metal boxes built into walls and hidden.

Floor safes are used for the storage of petty cash and

valuables.

Bank strong rooms should be designed to prevent criminals

from breaking in forcibly.

It must be an independent structure that is surrounded by

a free space allowing full supervision.

STEEL FABRICATED STRONG ROOMS

Fire and burglar resistant steel fabricated strong rooms for banks can

effectively handle the inflow and outflow.

TYPES OF VAULTS:

Single Aisle Vault

Interior size 14ft*8ft*8ft (Cash Vault 32 sq ft and safe deposit 80 sq ft)

Double Aisle Vault

Interior size 14ft*14ft*8ft (Cash Vault 48 sq ft and Safe deposit 148 sq ft)

Double Aisle Vault

Interior size 16ft*14ft*8ft (Cash Vault 48 sq ft and Safe deposit 176 sq ft)

SECURITY AND LOCK

Burglar and attack alarm systems help to monitor and protect people,

property and goods.

Fire alarm systems give an early warning of smoke or fire and alert emergency

services.

Outdoor supervision systems are used to monitor area around building.

Mechanical and constructional measures can be taken.

Good protection systems, also called shoplifting systems are electronic

systems that protect against theft.

Access control systems are devices which in combination with a mechanical

barrier only allow free access to any area by means of an identity check.

Remote control systems or data transfer over the public telephone network

facilitate monitoring at a distance.

Monitoring systems observe or control the sequence of events by means of a

camera and a monitor which are operated either manually or automatically.

CASE STUSY-I (RASTRIYA BANIJYA BANK)

INTRODUCTION

Rastriya Banijya Bank is one of the key players of the Nepalese financial

sector which is established in 1966A.D.

Largest ,government owned commercial bank with 114 branches having about

3200 permanent staffs.

Landmark building for the Singhadurbar, constructed with modern expression

from the combination of brick and cement plastered elevations.

LOCATION:

RBB complex is located at the junction of Singhadurbar.

Site is flat which is flat land which is below the road level.

Site is facing towards North and East direction.

Singhadurbar complex and high complex is located after the eastern side road,

National trading center and traffic office complex is located after the northern

side road.

Nepal agriculture research council is located on the west side of the site and

agricultural development bank is located on the south side of the site

The site is organized with the buffer spaces like garden, four wheelers parking

at the front side: building located back of the side before the services like

water treatment plant, electrical generator and transformers etc.

Icon for the corner architecture and blends well in the cluster of the other

government offices in this area.

DESIGN APPROACH:

Site area: 11 ropanies

Plan area:4 ropanies to accommodate 12 departments including about 450

staffs.

Building is designed in such a way that it is symmetrically divided by the axis

from the statue of late King Prithivi Naryan Shah.

As per the axis the location and the form of the building are derived.

Provision of the greeneries in the entry court gives a fresh feeling.

The building is constructed in frame structure with the brick wall.

Modern building with the striking interplay of local materials like brick

exposure with concrete/plastered exposure and glazed aluminum windows.

Due to the materials also the buildings blend with the surroundings.

Front façade of the building has single storied colonnade structure with recess

entrance giving emphasis on the first floor.

Scale and proportion of the building is well managed with the surrounding

complex and addressing the corner architecture.

ORGANIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS:

RBB building is designed in the spirit level to maintain privacy between various departments with open planning for the similar departments.

Banking hall has given the primary importance on the ground floor. Located at the south west corner, straight on the axis from the entrance.

Recess entrance is welcomed with colonnade structures giving openness to the courtyard.

Banking hall is provided with strong room and safe deposit lockers on the same floor.

Various split levels and connected with two major staircase with two lifts near stairs and two service stairs and two courtyards.

Internal layouts are planned as per the hierarchy of the corporate structure with the importance to public.

Flexibility in planning the corporate executives office is done as per closed planned principle and other department are done as per open plan principle.

Banking hall with treasury department ,security department, legal department, general service department, guards office and quarter, branch operation and canteen are on level ½ Account and Expenditure department, Reconciliation Department, loan recovery department, general service department.

SERVICES:

Building is well planned for the better services.

Water supply is used from the national public water supply corporation main

and alternative source is the deep boring ground water.

Water treatment plant of open air oxidation is provided at \the back of the

side.

Equipped with the three phase electricity from Nepal Electricity Authority.

Transformer with the diesel generator backup serves for uninterrupted power

supply.

Sewerage and sanitation is designed to dispose in the public sanitary main

supply line with back up provision of septic tank and soak pits.

Communication networks like telephone, internet , data networking fax etc

are well designed inside the building.

Air conditioning is applied in the building however the natural ventilation is

well designed for the comfort environment.

Got provision of fire escape from the building with fire extinguisher in every

department.

PARKING:

Provision of separate pedestrian access, vehicular access and separate access

at the back.

Four wheelers parking is arranged beside the front gate which can

accommodate 15 cars hardly.

Two wheelers can be parked at the rare part of the complex through the

service access.

Capacity to accommodate about 60 bikes.

Customers are forced to park their vehicle along the side of the service road.

SECURITY:

Security is found to be quite weak.

Depended upon a few no. of the security personnel .

No other modern means of security system.

SHORT COMINGS:

Parking facilities aren’t sufficient enough for the staffs using four wheelers.

Though design demonstrates a good interplay of mass and void, its form is

found to be vulnerable to earthquake.

Not able to address the handicapped.

Building should be more energy efficient according the global demand of

sustainable architecture.

CASE STUDY – II (NEPAL BANK LIMITED)

INTRODUCTION:

Oldest commercial bank of Nepal.

Established in 1937 which marked the beginning of an era of formal banking.

Largest bank in Nepal with 109 branches in 55 districts.

First bank of Nepal which is established under the principle of joint

venture(between govt and general public).

Bank has a seven member Board of Directors with the representation of three

Directors from the promoters' group, two Directors from general public and

one as Professional Director.

LOCATION :

Located at the heart of the main commercial hub (New Road) of the city.

With the growth of services and requirements, today it has buildings of

various ages and sizes within its predestined territory.

BANK HALL:

Separate waiting area and reception with small services counter for the new

customers for inquiry about the services of the bank.

Service counters are for the inquiries, collection cheque , making the letter

,form distribution etc

Banks provide separate clerks for the gold and silver counters, foreign

currency counters.

Daily cash deposit and withdrawn counters. Credit counters for travelers ,

cheque tender collection etc and remittance counters.

Increment in the no of counters will reduces the service time so the

customers can have easy access to services in short time.

Also reduce the volume of waiting area.

SPACE ANALYSIS:

Entrance gate 12’ wide

Waiting hall 460 sq.ft

Sitting on waiting hall 33 persons

Reception -2 persons 147 sq.ft

Toilets area 353 sq.ft

Ladies toilet 145 sq.ft

Gents toilet 190 sq.ft

Circulation area in front of counter 1158 sq.ft

GOLD AND SILVER LOAN DEPARTMENT:

Area 543 sq.ft

Counter size 5’x3’6” per persons

Vault 545 sq.ft and 346 sq.ft

DEPOSITS/REMITTANCE:Counter size 4’x3’6”/persons

Sr. Manager Cubicle 148 sq.ft

Manager Cubicle 105 sq.ft

Deputy manager cubicles 84 sq.ft

Staffs 30-48 sq.ft

BACK OFFICE:

Wide flight stairs leads to the first floor which serves as name office , staffs

assisting the functions in the banking hall.

Departments are closely placed though being separated by plywood and glass

partitions.

Planning within each department is open to encourage group discussions

whereas the department chiefs room being semi covered.

This floor even has two vault room one for the bank and other for customers.

STAFFING STRUCTURE

HEAD OFFICE

Accounts

Board Secretaries

BMD

POSITION

Chief Manager

Manager

Deputy Manager

Assistant Manager

Senior Assistant

Typist

Assistant

Godown Keeper

Total

Assistant Manager

Chief Manager

Senior Manager

Manager

Deputy Manager

Assistant Manager

Assistant

LEVEL

10

8

7

6

5

5

4

4

6

10

9

8

7

6

5

NUMBER

1

2

8

24

33

2

32

1

103

2

1

1

2

5

4

3

CEO Secretariat

Corporate

Credit

CAD

Chief Manager

Junior Assistant

Chief Manager

Senior Manager

Manager

Deputy Manager

Assistant Manager

Senior Assistant

Typist

Chief Manager

Senior Manager

Manager

Deputy Manager

Assistant Manager

Senior Assistant

Typist

Deputy Manager

Typist

10

3

10

9

8

7

6

5

5

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

7

5

1

1

1

1

1

2

5

9

1

1

3

5

9

7

4

2

1

1

SERVICES:

Water supply is used from the national public water supply corporation main.

Equipped with the three phase electricity from Nepal Electricity Authority .

Generator for the backup.

Sewerage and sanitation is designed to dispose in the public sanitary main

supply line.

Communication networks like telephone , internet, intranet, data

networking, fax etc are well designed inside the building.

Natural ventilation is well designed for the comfortable environment.

Provision of fire extinguisher in every department.

Cable trays are used to carry air ducts and cables which is an ultra modern

service tool.

PARKING:

Literally no parking space .

Has a single entry system the main entry gate.

Spaces left before the bank is used for the guard post.

Pedestrian and vehicular access crosses each other.

SECURITY:

Security system in the building is quite alert.

Bunch of security personnel at the main entrance and the entrance to the

banking hall.

Guards are assigned to the vault room and all sensitive locations.

CCTV is fixed at the entrance , banking hall and at every sensitive locations

which is constantly observed.

Alert buttons is placed under the table of the selected staffs.

SHORT COMINGS:

Parking space provide is too small and the customers are bound to use the pay

parking outside.

Not able to address the handicapped.

Revolving door is fatal during emergency.

Building is not an energy efficient structure.

CASE STUDY-III ( ING GROUP)

INTRODUCTION:

With respect to design and applied technologies , ING building has already

been first building of the 21st century.

Designed by the Roberto Meyer and Jeroen van Schooten ,which is designed

on the principle of fast moving, transparency, innovation, eco friendliness and

openness which identify the bank.

Use of streamlined shape, steel frames, light transparency through the use of

much glass and spacious of the gardens and atriums has made it a stylish ,

elegant, yet modest building

Harmony with the surroundings to provide a pleasant place to work.

ING headquarters is an extraordinary , innovative, and complex eg of

sustainable design.

It is the landmarks that define the entrance to the city.

Milestone in Dutch architecture.

LOCATION

Located in the Zudias area South-West of Amsterdam .

At a distance of 30-35 minutes drive from central Amsterdam.

The selection of site is sensible and the location is compatible with the

significance of the corporate it houses.

Near to the airport and the railway line which offers design challenges to

control noise and pollution.

Close to the future museums and a boundary between a residential and a

commercial area which offers the lots of the opportunity.

FORM:

It is the first beacon that people see when approaching the city.

Gleaming nose ,the ascending roofline and the graceful way the aluminum belly curves and become glass ,all are seen advantage and gives nickname dust buster, slap skate, shoe, space ship and bullet train.

The architects were restricted by the boundaries of the long and the narrow plot of the land and a maximum height.

Complexity of the site was overcame by raising the whole building on the legs.

Legs also helped to condemn the view of the motor way embankment as well as allow the architect to place the entrance underneath the building.

Building is low on the western side where the forest and lake areas of the Amsterdam woods and high on the eastern side where the high rise buildings are planned.

Slopping glass on the western side provides the wonderful view.

Depending on the angle and time of the day the building has pronounced form from the every angle; and at night the streamlined carapace dematerializes, reaviling the component parts.

PLANNING:

Inaugurated on 16th Semptember 2002 has a site area 5600 sq.m.

Building is 138m long and 28m wide .it has 10 stories and a total height of 48m.

Floor area is almost 20,000sq.m.

Constructed like a table on sixteen steel legs.

Main portion of the block is Elevated off the ground by the sills that range between 9-a2.5m.

Technique used on the construction of the brides .

Below the building here is a parking garage sufficient to accommodate 160 cars.

A double height entirely transparent reception hall is planned on the ground floor between the buildings legs.

Building service floor where all the technical installation area is located is planned on the belly of the building

Eight upper floors above it are different from each other and on the top three floors are reserved by the ING groups executive board and committee’s.

FAÇADE:

Double skin façade is composed of the two layers of glass.

Buffer is created between the two layers .inner layer of glass has an

insulating quality which minimizes the energy loss through the building.

At the same time it allows the solar heat enter to the building during the

winter, while during the summer the outer layer has vents which allows the

heat to escape and operable shades minimizes solar entry.

This reduces the amount of the mechanical heating and cooling required.

Voids between the two layers of the glass allows for operable windows,

natural ventilation, unaffected by strong winds ,noise and pollution.

HEATING AND COOLING:

Mechanical heating and the cooling system also works with the surrounding

environment.

An aquifer deep below the building stores the water resources. When the

heating and cooling is required stores are brought to the surface by heat

pump and system extract hot or cold from the fairly constant temperature of

the aquifer .

It can be said substantial energy saved with the long term use.

COMPUTERISED SYSTEM:

It is used for the division of the building into the climate zones for the

comfort and to save energy.

Monitored by the computer system which controls louvers and cavity

ventilation allowing the each workspace to be thermal comfort.

Like when the window is opened the shade is raised and the air conditioning is

automatically turned off, lights are automatically turned off .

GARDENS:

Much attention is paid to a pleasant working environment with the gardens and plants.

ING house has several inner gardens and on the eighth floor cranberries, royal ferns and full grown pines are grown out the roof.

Bamboo garden in the reception hall on the ground floor and a jungle garden on the fourth floor.

Rubber plant garden in the foyer of the atrium in the third floor.

SPACIOUSNESS:

Spaciousness is manifested by the atriums and the open areas which offers the occupants a view on the other floors.

Façade, several elevators, ceilings,stairs and floors are also made of the glass, serve transparency.

Brushed stainless steel and light colored wood were used for the interior.

MATERIALS:

Materials were selected to the environment impact

while providing a high tech appearance.

Steel and glass appear lightweight and the modern

in comparison to the traditional stone, concrete

and brick cladding.

Steel and glass are used because the energy used

to assemble, manufacture and transport the

materials is reduced.

Steel and glass are both recycled materials.

Materials were selected to maximize the life and

minimize the energy consumed.

SHORT COMINGS:

High tech and complex energy saving system has yet to be confirmed

effective by tests.

All the sensors are controlled by a complex computer system and they are

expensive and susceptible.

Building is massive 20,000sqm of which only 7,500sq.m is used for office

space to house 500 employees.

Eight indoor gardens, double height spaces and the top three floors are

reserved for the specific use of the board of directors and executive

committee.

Double skin façade requiring extensive and careful planning and skilled

workers for the instillation and twice expensive than the traditional cladding

system.

Technology used is advanced but inaccessible and expensive to the traditional

methods.

CASE STUDY – IV (COMMERZ BANK,

FRANKFURT)

INTRODUCTION :

The new headquarters for the Commerzbank in Frankfurt is the worlds tallest ecological high rise tower.

In May of 1992 Foster and Partners was announced, in a closed competition for the design with radical environmental design.Foster creates a piece which meets both the German laws and the sustainability issues such as ambient energy .

Use of innovative façade, use of natural ventilation for health and comfort for the users .

Use of operable windows and planted sky gardens for the outdoors

Use of recycling gray water for cooling and sanitary purpose .

Community and connection through careful scaling of relatonship with the street and surrounding neighborhood.

DAYLIGHT:

Building structural layout is closely integrated with the spatial qualities of the office and garden.

It has a rounded equilateral triangular plan.

It has three apexes house the main reinforced concrete and steel columns as well the service and elevator shafts.

The tree sections on each arm of the plan are reserved for office space and one section devoted to the sky garden at every floor.

Central atrium in the middle ,only separated by the steel and glass diaphragms every twelve floors.

Atrium serve as the airshafts that connect the air flow between sky gardens.

Each section holds a four level high open sky garden that changes orientation from one arm of the triangle to the next at every section of the building until it reaches the top of the building on the 60th

floor.

Sky gardens allow daylight to strike the interior face of each office wing, meeting the German building code requiring that all workers be no further than 7.5m from a window.

WINTER GARDENS:

Freedom of structural columns in the gardens expresses a new and animated

form of office management where workers experience a less hierarchical

system.

Office partitions are made of glass encouraging the dissolution of the

psychological barriers between the co-workers.

Sky gardens are planted with live trees and plants act as outdoor places and

function as public spaces; people confer ,eat lunch, drink coffee or simple

pause for thought.

Winter garden provides a buffer zone of insulation between the central

atrium space and the outdoors.

Stacked gardens allow for ventilation through the atrium which is divided into

sections as the building goes up ward. mass quantities of natural light are

brought directly to the center of the building.

Offices facing the center of the building are provided light and exterior views

through the garden.

Provide green natural space for those working in the building.

THE KLIMAFASSADE:

Translated as the climate façade, it is custom made double

skin envelope system that mediates the weather between

the interior and exterior of the building.

It allows for individuals to control their surroundings by

operable windows and a sunshade system.

Composed of a solid pane of laminated glass on the outer

layer, which deflects strong winds and rain by a ventilation

cavity.

It control the internal temperature with the sensor which

control the blinds and windows.

It control the uneven air pressure, overheating ,condensation

,etc.

To minimize the noise generated when air moves through the

space on the top and bottom of the fixed outer layer special

aerodynamic transoms allow silent natural ventilation to

occur.

THERMAL AND MECHANICAL SYSTEMS:

Conventional perimeter radiators under the floor supply heat

when needed and perforated metal ceiling houses a water filled

pipe cooling system that is the backup to the operable windows.

Mechanical ventilation ducts is used to supply fresh air during

intense cold, rain stormy weather when operable windows cannot

be opened.

Use of the “gray” water from the cooling towers in the toilets

flushed.

Stairwells finished with second cuts of granite, economically

upgrading their appearance and encouraging their use.

SHORT COMMINGS:

Building relative significance lies in its idea to create the worlds first ecological skyscraper.

It is great that the building is designed with clear glass but the problem is what happens to the heat energy once it is in the building.

Steel framing and clear glazing the building is constructed of are both materials that transmit heat instead of store it.

Heat passes through the glazed façade, through the hollow atrium and out the other side of the building without being absorbed.

The building has not taken into consideration photovoltaic or wind power that also could have reduced energy consumption.

Wind turbines on the roof of the tower could have taken advantage of wind forces that occur at higher elevations, while photovoltaic could have supplied the building with an abundance of free power on sunny days.

large amount of energy is being wanted to achieve the exterior lighting effect.

Use of the logical system to reduce artificial light used during the day and during the night encourage people only to use the lighting that is necessary to work comfortably.

CASE STUDY V (KIST BANK,KATHMANDU)

INTRODUCTION

Kist Bank, established in 2003, with a vision of becoming the best Bank on

operational excellence and superior financial performance.

Initially it was established as Class ‘C’ Finance Company in 2003 with a paid

up capital of Rs 30 million, 17 promoters and 7 staff.

Vision is to become the best bank based on operational excellence and

superior financial performance.

LOCATION:

Located near Anamnagar, Kathmandu.

The site is South east facing with the Bagmati river across the entrance.

Example of modern bank architecture with state of the art facilities for

employee and customers alike.

STAIR-

CASEELECTR

I-CAL

ROOM

STORAG

E

LIFT

(2)

LOBBY

LIFT

(2)

SECURITY

DESK SECURITY

DESK

DOCK

SURFACE

PARKING

REST

ROOM

Ground Floor Layout

STAIR-

CASE

LIFT

(2)

LIFT

(2)

CUSTO

-MER

SERVI

CE

RECE

PTIO

N

PROMOTIONAL

DESK AND

LOCKERS

CAFETE

RIA

SITTIN

G

AREA

CASH/R

EMITTA

NCE

FCY

COUNT

ER

PANT

RY

REST

ROO

M

SITTI

NG

AREA

WORK

STATION

First Floor Layout

STAIR-

CASE

LIFT

(2)LIFT

(2)

REST

ROOM

RECEPTION

ATRIU

M

BRANCH

MANAGE

R

CLEARIN

G

MARKETI

NG

RECE

PTIO

N

REST

ROOM

RETAIL

BANKING

SME

BANKING

PREVELA

GE

COUNTER

Second Floor

Layout

STAIR-

CASE

LIFT

(2)LIFT

(2)

REST

ROO

M

RECE

PTIO

N

ATRIU

M

RECE

PTIO

N

REST

ROO

M

TRADE

FINANCE

RECOVER

Y

CREDIT

ADMINIST

RATION

CREDIT RISK

MANAGEME

NT

Third Floor Layout

STAIR-

CASE

LIFT

(2)LIFT

(2)

REST

ROO

M

RECE

PTIO

N

ATRIU

M

REST

ROO

MCARD CENTER

AUDIT

HUMA

N

RESOU

CE

SHARE

LEGAL

MEET

ING

ROO

M

MEET

ING

ROO

M

Fourth Floor Layout

STAIR-

CASE

LIFT

(2)

LIFT

(2)

RECEPT

ION

ATRIUM

REST

ROO

M

MEET

ING

ROO

M

MEET

ING

ROO

M

TREASURY

FINANCE

CORPORATE

AFFAIRS

COMP

LIANC

E

TRANSACTION

BANKING

CARD

IT

RECO

NCILI

ATION

BUSINESS

BANKINGBA

NKING

INFOR

MATI

ON

Fourth Floor Layout

STAIR-

CASE

LIFT

(2)

LIFT

(2)

RECE

PTIO

N

ATRIU

M

PANT

RY

MEETING

ROOM

REST

ROO

M

RECEPT

ION

EXICUTIV

E

MEETING

ROOM

EXICUT

IVE

OFFICE

S

EXICUT

IVE

OFFICE

UNDER

CONSTR

UCTION

UNDER

CONSTR

UCTION

Sixth Floor Layout

STAIR-

CASE

LIFT

(2)

LIFT

(2)

RECE

PTIO

N

ATRIU

M

REST

ROO

M

KITCHEN

DINNING

DINNING

UNDER

CONSTR

UCTION

UNDER

CONSTR

UCTION

Seventh Floor Layout

STAIR-

CASE

LIFT

(2)

LIFT

(2)

STORAG

E

Eighth Floor Layout

DESIGN APPROACH:

A break from the traditional Nepalese bank architecture.

Ultra modern façade with large strip of windows

The interior with an atrium for natural lighting inside the building.

The use of new materials in the interior of the building aid the ambience

inside.

The semi circular tellers and counters provide enough spaces for the

costumers for easy circulation.

The executive floor with wood texture finish provide a different feel in that

particular floor.

SERVICES:

Water supply is used from the national public water supply corporation main.

Equipped with the three phase electricity from Nepal Electricity Authority .

Generator for the backup.

Sewerage and sanitation is designed to dispose in the public sanitary main

supply line.

Communication networks like telephone , internet, intranet, data

networking, fax etc are well designed inside the building.

Provision of fire extinguisher in every floor.

Cable trays are used to carry air ducts and cables which is an ultra modern

service tool.

Modern fire hydrant tools along with smoke detectors and sprinklers.

PARKING:

Provision for both surface parking and basement parking.

Surface Parking for almost 10 cars and 50 motorbikes.

The basement parking for almost 200 bikes and 30 cars.

Regular supervision from the security personnel for the ease of costumers.

Separate entry and exit lanes from two sides of the site.

SECURITY:

Security system in the building is quite alert.

Bunch of security personnel at the main entrance and the entrance to the

banking hall.

Guards are assigned to the vault room and all sensitive locations.

CCTV is fixed at the entrance , banking hall and at every sensitive locations

which is constantly observed.

Alert buttons is placed under the table of the selected staffs.

Fire Alarms and Sensors also placed in various parts.

SHORT COMINGS:

The ceiling heights have been greatly reduced due to the use of false ceilings

proving difficult for costumers in a few cases.

The pollution in the Bagmati river is an hindrance to the costumers and the

bank alike.

All the floors are rarely occupied and hence some spaces are vacant with no

particular use at the moment.

The slope for the ramp is irregular and steep.

CASE STUDY -VI (SANIMA BANK,NAXAL)

INTRODUCTION

Sanima, promoted by prominent and

dynamic Non-Resident Nepalese (NRNs)

Businessman, commenced its operation in

2004 as a National Level Development

Bank with the vision to mobilize resources

for National Development.

In the pursuit of sustainable growth,

Sanima has 27 full-fledged branches within

and outside the Kathmandu Valley and has

further plans to expand its reach in the

various part of the country.

LOCATION

Loacted in Narayanchaur,Naxal,Kathmandu.

The site is South-West facing with the building facing the street side.

Another example on modern banking facilities and bank architecture in Nepal.

The surrounding modern buildings go hand in hand with the architecture of

the building.

DESIGN APPROACH:

Building to accommodate 12 departments including about 450 staffs.

Provision of the water bodies in the entry court gives a fresh feeling.

The building is constructed in frame structure with the brick wall.

Modern building with the striking interplay of materials like glass exposure

with concrete/plastered exposure and glazed aluminum windows.

Due to the materials also the buildings blend with the surroundings.

Scale and proportion of the building is well managed with the surrounding

complex and addressing the corner architecture.

GENE

RAL

SERVI

CES

W/C

COUNTE

R

STOR

E

SERVI

CE

WAITIN

G SPACE

CIRCULATI

ON

STAIR

CASE

LIFT

SECUR

ITY

DESK

ENTRANCE

EMERG

ENCY

EXIT

Ground Floor Circulation

W/C

STAIR

CASE

LIFT

RECEPTI

ON

BUSINESS

BANKING

RETAIL

BANKING

W/C

LEGAL

LEGALLC

PANT

RYSTOR

E

EMERGE

NCY

EXIT

First Floor Circulation

W/C

STAIR

CASE

LIFTCEO

MARKETIN

G

TREASURY

BACK

OFFICE

W/C

IT

CLUSTERHR

PANT

RY

STOR

E

EMERG

ENCY

EXIT

Second Floor Circulation

W/C

STAIR

CASE

LIFT

MEETIN

G ROOM

WORK

STATION

CLEARING

AUDIT

W/C

MEETING

ROOM

CUSID

E

PANT

RY

STOR

E

EMERG

ENCY

EXIT

Fourth floor

Circulation

DEPARTMENT

Compnay Secretary

Clearing

Audit

GSD

Remittance

Compliance

Marketing

Buisness Development

Account

CEO

Treasury Bank Office

Treasury Front Office

Finance and Planning

Cluster

IT

HR

NO OF

CUBICLES

1

0

2

1

1

2

2

0

1

1

0

0

1

1

1

2

NO OF

WORKSTATION

1

4

3

9

8

2

5

3

2

0

1

0

2

3

5

4

FLOOR

5

3

3

3

3

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

DEPARTMENT

Receptionist

LC

Business Banking

Retail Banking

Legal

CRM

Teller

CSD

Opertaion Back Office

Share

Gold Tester

NO OF

CUBICLES

0

1

5

1

0

1

0

1

0

0

0

NO OF

WORKSTATION

1

8

10

8

6

9

8

6

3

4

1

FLOOR

1

1

1

1

1

1

Ground

Ground

Ground

Ground

Ground

SERVICES:

Water supply is used from the national public water supply

corporation main.

Equipped with the three phase electricity from Nepal

Electricity Authority .

Generator for the backup.

Sewerage and sanitation is designed to dispose in the public

sanitary main supply line.

Communication networks like telephone , internet,

intranet, data networking, fax etc are well designed inside

the building.

Provision of fire extinguisher in every floor.

Cable trays are used to carry air ducts and cables which is

an ultra modern service tool.

Modern fire hydrant tools along with smoke detectors and

sprinklers.

Panoramic Lifts for access to upper floors.

PARKING:

Provision for both surface parking and basement parking.

Surface Parking for almost 50 motorbikes.

The basement parking for almost 150 bikes and 35 cars.

Regular supervision from the security personnel for the ease of costumers.

SECURITY:

Security system in the building is quite alert.

Bunch of security personnel at the main entrance and the entrance to the banking hall.

Guards are assigned to the vault room and all sensitive locations.

CCTV is fixed at the entrance , banking hall and at every sensitive locations which is constantly observed.

Alert buttons is placed under the table of the selected staffs.

Fire Alarms and Sensors also placed in various parts.

SHORTCOMINGS:

Parking not adequate for the flow of the costumers.

Narrow opening for the entrance in the bank.

Direct access from the road can create security issues.

Pollution in the surrounding areas.

Congested spaces in the ground floor

CASE STUDY –VII (QATAR

AIRWAYS,HATTISAR)INTRODUCTION:

In a relatively short time, Qatar Airways has grown to over 120 destinations

worldwide, offering unmatched levels of service excellence that have helped

excel the award-winning carrier to become best in the world.

Qatar Airways has achieved much with our phenomenal route expansion

averaging 30% growth year to year and flying one of the most modern fleet of

almost 120 aircraft in the skies today.

LOCATION:

Loacted in Hattisar, Kathmandu a commercial hub.

The site is oriented towards South-West.

The surrounding corporate and office complex give the site a formal seting for

setting up of the office.

DESIGN APPROACH:

The building is built in such a way that multiple corporations can house their

offices in the building.

The spaces have been divided as such that either shops or offices can be

created inside.

The basement provides access for both parking and services like electrical,

guard rooms etc.

The two parallel staircases in the front façade provide access to upper floors

and provide a sense of symmetric to the building.

The exterior is a mix of solid plastered walls and windows.

The recesses entry provides additional space for the entry of the vehicles.

INTERIOR AND FUNCTIONALITY:

The waiting spaces for 20 spaces greets costumers as they enter the office.

The waiting space is oriented towards the south.

Proper natural lighting for waiting space and lobby.

3 counters for ticket booking etc.

Circulation space cramped in some places inside the office.

SERVICES:

Water distribution system through raw water tanks.

Electrical systems located at the basement meaning the guards can easily

operate the systems.

Security systems with security guards, cameras and detectors.

Generator backup.

Communications systems through telephones, internet.

PARKING:

Basement parking.

Provides spaces for about 15 cars in total and 30 motorbikes.

Regular supervision by Guards for the visitors.

SHORTCOMINGS:

Poorly managed water distribution systems.

No fire fighting and fire exits.

Not enough natural lights for the working spaces.

Helpdesks are not present.

Wash rooms can not be accessed by the public.

CASE STUDY – VIII(BUDDHA

AIR,JAWALAKHEL)

INTRODUCTION:

Buddha Air envisions itself as the safest, most reliable and comfortable means

of transportation.

Buddha Air provides flights to thirteen destinations within Nepal and has its

headquarters in Jawalakhel, Lalitpur.

Wheelchairs or portable oxygen cylinders can be arranged for passengers with

special needs.

LOCATION:

The site is located in Jawalakhel.

The site is oriented towards South – West.

The building was originally used as restaurant and now serves as the office of

Buddha Air.

The surrounding consists of office buildings etc.

DESIGN APPROACH:

The building was originally a restaurant and hence was re planned for the

needs of the airline.

The Building originally had an open plan for the restaurant and later changed

to closed with help of partitions created by timber / gypsum boards etc.

The form of the building follows contemporary style.

PARKING

SECU

RITY

STAIRCA

SE

Ground Floor Circulation

STAIRCA

SE

SALES

COUN

TER

GENERA

L

SERVICE

DEPART

MENT

AUDIT

ROOM

MARKETI

NG

RESERVATION

ROYAL

DEPATM

ENT

ROYAL

DEPART

MENT

TRA

VEL

TRAVEL

LOBB

Y

First Floor Circulation

STAIRCA

SE

TOILE

TCHEF

HUMAN

RESOUR

CE

DEPART

MENT

HD

RECE

PTIO

N

MANAGIN

G

DIRECTOR

Second Floor Circulation

SERVICES:

Water distribution system through raw water

tanks.

Electrical systems located at the basement

meaning the guards can easily operate the

systems.

Security systems with security guards, cameras

and detectors.

Generator backup.

Communications systems through telephones,

internet.

PARKING:

Surface parking for 20 bikes and 5 cars.

No provisions for basement parking.

Supervision by the staff.

SHORTCOMINGS:

No provision for fire hydrants and fire exits.

Relatively compact parking spaces.

Lack of proper water distribution systems.

Noise pollution from the surrounding area.

CASE STUDY IX (ETHIOPIAN AIRLINES)

INTRODUCTION:

In cooperation with BET architects from Ethiopia, Söhne & Partner for

Ethiopian Airlines New Headquarters in Addis Ababa.

Their design is intended to address the need of the airline’s growth, dynamic

operation and attaining its Vision-2025.

DESIGN APPROACH:

The landscape, being an important part of the interior design, is flowing

through and underneath the building.

The office blocks are cantilevered above the street level as a floating form to

represent the mountains, canyons or rocks.

Bridges are the connecting elements as a symbol of connecting cultures and

nations. Like the landscape is flowing into the building, the lobby itself is

floating and rising and there are always connections from the inside to the

outside.

Hence, the headquarter building has emerged to be a physical setting shaped

as a number of departmentalized random blocks and the semi-

external/internal voids in between the blocks allowing both human and

natural elements to flow through, exposing at the same time harboring the

internal circulation elements: the lobby, corridors, stairs, escalators, lifts,

and bridges within the voids created among the blocks.

CASE STUDY – X (HEARST TOWER)

INTRODUCTION:

Constructed by I Norman Foster and Partners, the LEED gold-

certified structure showcases a stunning array of sustainable

strategies that have led to it being hailed as the greenest

skyscraper in the New York skyline.

Hearst Corporate Headquarters is a conflux of both old and

new, combining an urban infill project with an adaptive

reuse overhaul and an amazing tower rising 44 stories from

the base of the original Hearst Headquarters

DESIGN APPROACH:

The tower’s most noticeable feature is its multifaceted exoskeleton, which

allows for one of the most open interior space you’ll find in an office building

– there are no columns obstructing the 360 degree view of the New York

skyline from the interior.

You enter the building through the original facade and continue via

escalators, set within a three-story, sculpted water feature "Icefall", to the

soaring atrium that occupies the entire floor plate and rises up through six

stories.

Like a bustling town square, this dramatic space provides access to all parts

of the building. It incorporates the main elevator lobby, the Hearst cafeteria

and auditorium and mezzanine levels for meetings and special functions.

Skylights views of the tower rising above, and the huge diagonal structural

supports for the tower, add additional drama to the space.

STRUCTURE:

Structurally the tower has a triangulated form - a four-story tall "diagrid" - a highly efficient solution that uses 20 percent less steel than a conventionally framed structure.

With its corners peeled back between the diagonals it has the effect of emphasising the tower's vertical proportions and creating a distinctive facetted silhouette.

SUSTAINIBILITY:

The new building is also distinctive in environmental terms. It is constructed using 85 percent recycled steel and designed to consume 26 percent less energy than its conventional neighbours

LIGHTING:

Among the many features are light sensors that control the amount of artificial light on each floor.

Based on the amount of natural light available at any given time motion sensors will allow for lights and computers to be turned off when a room is vacant.

SERVICES:

The roof has been designed to collect rainwater, which will

reduce the amount of water dumped into the City's sewer

system during rainfall by 25%.

Rainwater is used to replace water lost to evaporation in the

office air-conditioning system, and the "Icefall," where the

environmental function is to humidify and chill the atrium

lobby as necessary, uses harvested water.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

TOPICS

PLANNING

MODULE

SEMI PUBLIC BUILDINGS

The banks in the case

study have opted for a

conventional planning

module putting emphasis

on privacy and security.

PRIVATE BUILDINGS

The modern bank

buildings in the case study

have tried to adopt

moderate approach,

adopting open and

conventional planning

module

INTERNATIONAL

In the International

case studies, it was

found that the banks

adopted open

planning in most

cases.

RESULT: Hence in Nepal, the banks put more emphasis on privacy of employers and assets alike

and the moderate module seemed most appropriate but in countries where advanced and

complex security systems have been followed the open planning seemed beneficial to both banks

and costumers

CONFERENCE

ROOMS

Generally limited to a

single conference rooms

for the whole bank.

Tried to incorporate a

conference room for every

department in the office.

Large conference

rooms along with

executie

conference rooms

RESULT: The conference rooms served both private and public needs ie meetings with a client as

well as private meetings of the bank staff.

CIRCULATION Generally through

staircases.

Mechanical lifts

used in the buildings

along with stairs.

Advanced

escalators, lifts used

for the public.

RESULT: The circulation in the bank buildings in an important part for the consumer as

documentation requires constant movement. Hence the use of lifts and escalators

could prove quite useful.

RESTAURANTS AND

FOOD COURTS

Located outside the

main bank building

as canteen.

Cafeteria housed

inside the building.

Food courts and

cafes available along

with fast food

delivery system

RESULT: Productivity would be increased and time would be saved if cafeterias are

present inside the building. They could also cater the needs of the costumers.

LIGHTING: Natural light

beautifully

manipulated and

provisions for

artificial light

Atriums and glass

facades providing

the necessary light

in a building.

Artificial and

Natural light used as

such that emissions

are reduced and

efficiency is

achieved.

RESULT: Its high time that we started using efficient lighting systems in Nepal to solve

the energy crisis.This can be achieved through use of efficient bulbs and proper plan.

PARKING Generally poor

parking facilities for

the consumers.

Surface and basement

parking facilities

provided in buildings.

Generally surface

parking with large

spaces included in

original plan with

future expansions.

RESULT: Parking is an important aspect of any corporate building. The needs of the consumer

must me kept in mind while designing and ordinances for parking must be followed.

SERVICES AND

SECURITY

Poor management of

services with less

provisions for fire

hydrants, water

supply etc. Modern

facilities for security

not utilized properly.

The modern fire

hydrant systems with

proper security with

cameras, sensors etc.

All the state of the art

facilities in terms of

security and services

available in the

building.

RESULT: The services and security are an important part of an building. Especially in banks,

the security measures like the sensors, monitors with a security rooms seems particularly

necessary.

ANALYTICAL CONCLUSION

The context and background of the corporate sector must be studied whilst

designing a corporate office.

The planning module used in most cases were generally OPEN and

CONVENTIONAL type.

The various index provide an insight to planning an office space in a building.

The anthropometry and planning module has an important role in creating a

proper space.

In most cases the employees in an office would have a cubicle as their

workstation.

Conference rooms are integral part of an office and are spaces for plan

formulation

Circulation through lifts and escalators provide ease of access.

The services and security if maintained properly helps in the smooth operation

of the corporate offices.

CONSTRUCTIVE RECCOMENDATION

The study of the site and context would be an invaluable information before

designing any corporate building.

The climatic conditions of an area also has a huge role in design process,

hence proper study of the site is required.

In Nepal, the moderate planning module would go a long way in addressing

the needs of the offices and the costumers.

The needs and demands on the employees must be given great care as they

are the productive force of an corporation,

Its high time offices started adopting the minimum safety in terms of hazards

like fire, theft etc. Use of new devices and systems would definitely create a

safe working environment.

The design standards must be set and met by corporate offices, so that others

can learn a lesson in sustainability.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to thank Ar. Sher Bahadur KC (CEDA), Mr Yog Raj Pandey, MR

Renu Pandey (Branch Manager KIST), Ar. Suman Manandhar (VAASTU),

D’Architects,Mrs Bimala Thapa (Buddha Air) and all others who have lend us

their invaluable support in this project.

We would also like to thank all our teachers, seniors,juniors and friends for

their continuous guidance and moral `support throughout this project.