Literature Review

NUTRITION CONSIDERATIONS

Delegge MH, Kirby DF: Nutrition and renal disease, in Kirby DF, et al: Practical Hand- book of Nutrition in Clinical Practice. Boca Raton, CRC, 1994, pp 197-214

Mallick NP: Dietary protein and progression of chronic renal disease. Br Med J 309: IlOl- 1102,1994

Sawicki PT, Berger M: Measuring progres- sion of diabetic nephropathy. Eur J Clin Invest 24:651-655, 1994

Mauer SM, Azar S, Steffes MW, et al: The effects of normalization of dietary protein intake and carotid artery ligation on the renal autoregulatory abnormalities of streptozoto- tin diabetic rats. J Diabetes Complica 8:89- 96, 1994

Hubbard RW, Mejia A, Horning M: The potential of diet to alter disease processes. Nutr Res 14:1853-i 895, 1994

Samuelsson 0, Attman PO, Knightgibson C, et al: Lipoprotein abnormalities without hyperlipidaemia in moderate renal insuffi- ciency. Nephrol Dial Transplant 9: 1580-I 585, 1994

Arnadottir M, Nilssonehle P: Parathyroid hormone is not an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase activity. Nephrol Dial Transplant 9: 1586- 1589,1994

Damico G, Gentile MG, Fellin G, et al: Effect of dietary protein restriction on the progres- sion of renal failure: A prospective random- ized trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant 9:1590- 1594,1994

Thompson CH, Kemp GJ, Barnes PRJ, et al: Uraemic muscle metabolism at rest and during exercise. Nephrol Dial Transplant 9:1600-1605, 1994

Florakas C, Wilson R, Toffelmire E, et al: Differences in the treatment of male and female patients with end-stage renal disease. Can Med Assoc J 151:1283-l 288, 1994

o 1995 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. 1051-2276/95/0503-0014$03.00/0

Milner LS, Wei S, Kazakoff P, et al: Synergis- tic effects of fish oil diet and dimethylthiourea in acute adriamycin nephrosis. Am J Med Sci 308:266-270, 1994

Mizumoto D, Watanabe Y, Fukuzawa Y, et al: Clinical profile and outcome of primary hyperparathyroidism accompanied by chronic renal failure. Ciin Nephrol42:315-321, 1994

Honrath U, Chong CK, Wilson DR, et al: Dietary salt extremes and renal function in rats: Effect of atrial natriuretic factor. Clin Sci 87:525-531, 1994

Lin SH, Lin YF, Lu KC, et al: Effects of intravenous calcitriol on lipid profiles and glucose tolerance in uraemic patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Clin Sci 87: 533-538, 1994

Choukroun G, Bankir L, Trinhtrangtan MM: Effect of chronic renal failure on the abun- dance of mRNA for enzymes of intermediary metabolism in kidney and liver. Exp Nephrol 2:358-363, 1994

Ahmed K, Kopple JD: Nutritional manage- ment of renal disease, in Greenberg A, et al (eds): Primer on Kidney Diseases. San Diego, CA, Academic, 1994, pp 287-293

Tomobe K, Philbrick D, Aukema HM, et al: Early dietary protein restriction slows disease progression and lengthens survival in mice with polycystic kidney disease. J Am Sot Nephrol5: 1355-l 360, 1994

Salazar FJ, Alberola A, Nakamura T, et al: Role of nitric oxide in the renal hemodynamic response to a meat meal. Am J Physiol Regulat lntegrat Compar Physiol 36:R1050- R1055,1994

Cook HT, Jansen A, Lewis S, et al: Arginine metabolism in experimental glomerulonephri- tis: Interaction between nitric oxide synthase and arginase. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Elec- trolyte Physiol 36:F646-F653, 1994

Savica V, Costantino G, Monardo P, et al: Subcutaneous low doses of recombinant hu- man erythropoietin in predialysis patients do not interfere with the progression of renal failure. Am J Nephrol 15: 1 O-l 4, 1995

166 Journal of Renal Nutrition, Vol 5, No 3 (July), 1995: pp 166-171

LITERATURE REVIEW 167

Parmer RJ, Stone RA, Cervenka JH: Renal hemodynamics in essential hypertension- Racial differences in response to changes in dietary sodium. Hypertension 24:752-757, 1994

Linde T, Ronquist G, Sandhagen B, et al: Treatment of renal anaemia with recombinant human erythropoietin results in decreased red cell uptake of Ca-45. Nephron 68:419- 426,1994

Nowak G, Schnellmann RG: Effect of oleic acid on oxidative and glycolytic metabolism in primary cultures of renal proximal tubule cells. Med Sci Res 22:733-736, 1994

DIALYSIS

Chertow GM, Ling J, Lew NL, et al: The association of intradialytic paren- teral nutrition administration with sur- vival in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kid- ney Dis 24:912-920, 1994

Studies of the effectiveness of intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) as a treatment for malnutrition in hemodialysis patients have been small and inconclusive. This study is a retrospective analysis of data from 1,679 patients who received one or more IDPN infusions during 1991 compared with data from 22,517 control patients who did not receive IDPN. Patients who received IDPN were older, were more likely to be Caucasian, were more likely to be diabetic, and had lower serum creatinine and serum albumin concen- trations that controls. Patients were grouped according to treatment (IDPN or control) and serum albumin (13.0, 3.0-3.5, 3.5-4.0, 24.0 g/dL[ 130, 30-35, 35-40, 240 g/L]) and serum creatinine (> 8 or 18 mg/dL[ >610 kmol/L or zz 610 tJ,mol/L]) concentrations. Using as a reference group the control pa- tients with albumin concentrations of 40 g/L (4.0 g/dL) or more and creatinine concentra- tions of 610 pmol/L (8 mg/dL) or more, it was found that in controls the risk of death in- creased as albumin and creatinine concentra- tions decreased, as had been found earlier by this group in their classic 1990 article (Lowrie EG, Lew NL: Am J Kid Dis 15:458-482, 1990). In patients with albumin concentrations of 30 g/L (3.0 g/dL) or more, the risk of death was significantly reduced in IDPN-treated patients compared with controls, and it tended to be lower in treated patients versus controls in the group with albumin concentrations between 30 and 35 g/L (3.0 and 3.5 g/dL). At albumin concentrations of 35 g/L (3.5 g/dL) or more, however, the odds of death were increased in patients who received IDPN, suggesting that

treatment may have had a detrimental effect. Serum albumin, and to a lesser extent serum creatinine, concentrations increased during treatment with IDPN, especially in patients with the lowest values. These data are retro- spective and need to be confirmed in a randomized controlled trial. Nevertheless, given the size of the data base used, this study will doubtless exert considerable influ- ence on clinical practice. The results do provide evidence for a beneficial effect of nutritional supplementation on clinical out- come, and they raise some concerns about the use of IDPN in patients with marginal malnutrition.

Kaufmann P, Smolle KH, Horina JH, et al: Impact of long-term hemodialysis on nutri- tional status in patients with end-stage renal failure. Clin Invest 72:754-761, 1994

Tisher CC, Bastl CP, Bistrian BR, et al: Morbidity and mortality of renal dialysis: An NIH consensus conference statement. Ann Intern Med 121:62-70. 1994

Viglino G, Cancarini GC, Catizone L, et al: 10 Years experience of CAPD in diabetes- Comparison of results with non-diabetics. Nephrol Dial Transplant 9:1443-l 448, 1994

Lameire N, Bernaert P, Lambert MC, et al: Cardiovascular risk factors and their manage- ment in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Int 48:S31 -S38, 1994 (suppl)

Heimburger 0, Bergstrom J, Lindholm B: Maintenance of optimal nutrition in CAPD. Kidney Int 48:S39-S46, 1994 (suppl)

Graham KA, Reaich D, Goodship THJ: Acid-base regulation in peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Int 48:S47-S50, 1994 (suppl)

Loughrey CM, Young IS, Mceneny J, et al: Oxidation of low density lipoprotein in patients on regular haemodialysis. Atherosclerosis 110:185-193, 1994

Leehey DJ: Hemodialysis in the diabetic patient with end-stage renal disease. Renal Failure 16:547-553, 1994

Hakim RM, Wingard RL, Parker RA: Effect of the dialysis membrane in the treatment of patients with acute renal failure. N Engl J Med 331:1338-l 342, 1994

Delorenzo A, Deurenberg P, Andreoli A, et al: Multifrequency impedance in the assess- ment of body water losses during dialysis. Renal Physiol Biochem 17:326-332, 1994