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Transcript of Literature Review
By
Ph.D Scholar
Dep. of Materials Engineering
Literature Review:
Guide:
Department of Materials Engineering
Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU)Girinagar, Pune
• Introduction• Applications• Summery of Literature• Objective• Work Plan• Literature review• Summary
Outline
Introduction
•Most of the technological applications of piezoelectricity used
nowadays are based on ferroelectric materials.
•Ferroelectric materials exhibit spontaneous polarization even in the
absence of external field. Ferroelectric materials are dielectric
materials which pocess both dielectric behaviour and behaviour of
ferromagnetic materials.
•Piezoelectricity may refer to the coupling between electric field or
polarization and stress or deformation.
•Piezo means pressure, up on application of pressure the material will
be electrically polarized.
• Piezoelectric behavior is of two ways.
– Converse piezoelectric effect
– Direct piezoelectric effect
4
Introduction cont..
• One-dimensional equations of piezoelectric material
D = ɛTE + d33T
S = d33E + sET
D- electric displacement; E- electric field; T- stress; sE -compliance;
ɛT -dielectric constant.
• Relation between the piezoelectric voltage constant and piezoelectric strain constant: g33= d33/ ԑ0 ԑr
ԑ0 and ԑr are dielectric constant of free space and relative permitivity.
• Relation between dielectric constant and capacitence:
ԑ = C t/ ԑoS
C- capcitance; t- thickness; S- surface area
Source: IEEE Standard on Piezoelectric systems
5
Introduction cont..
Piezoelectric devices being embedded in dance floors to generate energy for lights
Pvdf actuators when electric field is applied holds devices.
42nd AIAA Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference (SDM), Gossamer Spacecraft Forum , 2001
Applications cont..
P. Mirow, Mirow Systemtechnik GmbH, High Resolution Piezo Film Sensor Systems for Automotive Applications pp: 249-259, Springer.
Flexible sensor for the measurement of vibrations and deformations at buildings, vehicles and machinery as well as in safety systems.
Applications cont..
Sr.No Search Engine Keywords No. Papers
1 American Chemical Society
Ceramic-polymer Composite, Nanocomposite, Hybrid Nanocomposite, Perovskite, Pvdf, Pvdf-Copolymer, Dielectric Constant, Dielectric Loss, Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric, Polarization, Three-phase Composites, MWNT, Graphene, Metal Oxide, Poling, Thin Films, Modeling, MEMS, Actuators, Sensors.
67
2 Royal Society of Chemistry 37
3 IEEE 65
4 Elsevier 110
5 Weily Online Library 5
6 Taylor & Francis 22
Summery Of Literature Review
Sr.No Search Engine Keywords No. Papers
7 Springer Ceramic-polymer Composite, Nanocomposite, Hybrid Nanocomposite, Perovskite, Pvdf, Pvdf-Copolymer, Dielectric Constant, Dielectric Loss, Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric, Polarization, Three-phase Composites, MWNT, Graphene, Metal Oxide, Poling, Thin Films, Modeling, MEMS, Actuators, Sensors.
44
8 Nature 1
9 IOP 42
10 arXIV 18
11 Cambridge 8
12 SPIE 23
13 US PATENTS 19
Summery Of Literature Review cont..
LS M & ANN
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1000@ 103 Hz pvdf/graphene
Ag SiO2/BT/PVDF
Dielectric constant of PVDF Composites
Dielectric constant
Yearly data of Dielectric constant
2003 2005 2007 2009 2010 20110
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Piezoelectric constant of polymer composite/blends
Piezoelectric Strain Constant
Cellular Ppy
PVDF-HFP/PZT
Yearly data of piezoelectric constant
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
No. of Publications of piezoelectric & dielectric polymers
No. of Publications
Source: Data collected from different search engines
Till July
Year wise Publications
• Piezoelectric materials have a wide scope of applications such as actuators, sensors and energy harvesting devices. For further development of the products for defense application, piezoelectric based composites must be developed which have superior properties than existing materials.
– To synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles and to fabricate polymer
nanocomposites.
– Modelling of piezoelectric materials by using FEM and neural networks.
– Device fabrication of PVDF Actuators.
Objective
Properties of Polyvinylidene Difluoride-Carbon Nanotube Blends
• Nicole Levi et.al described the properties of PVDF-CNT blends. This work was
developed to examine the piezoelectric and pyroelectric behaviour of PVDF/nanotube
blends.
• Methods: Film casting process.
• The results exhibit dispersed nanophase is responsible for morphological changes in the
polymer crystallinity and remarkably enhanced piezoelectric behavior over the pristine
polymer.
Nicole Levi, Richard Czerw, Shuya Xing, Preethi Iyer, and David L. Carroll,Nano Letters, Vol. 4, No. 7, 2004, 1267-1271
Literature review
X-ray diffraction spectra of PVDF-TrFE X-ray diffraction spectra for PVDF-TrFE/SWNT 0.05 wt %
Nicole Levi, Richard Czerw, Shuya Xing, Preethi Iyer, and David L. Carroll,Nano Letters, Vol. 4, No. 7, 2004, 1267-1271
Literature review cont..
Nicole Levi, Richard Czerw, Shuya Xing, Preethi Iyer, and David L. Carroll,Nano Letters, Vol. 4, No. 7, 2004, 1267-1271
Literature review cont..
Dielectric and Ferroelectric Properties of Polyvinylidene Fluoride
(PVDF)- Pb0.52Zr0.48TiO3 (PZT) Nano Composite Films.
• This paper reports structural, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the
PVDF composite films with different amount of nano size powder.
• PZT nano powder was fabricated using sol-gel precursor method.
• The nano composites composed of nano sized PZT particle and PVDF
polymer were prepared by solution casting.
• The dielectric constant variation with frequency of PVDF and PVDF-PZT
composite films measured at Room temperature.
M. B. Suresh, Tsung-Her Yeh, Chih-Chieh Yu,Chou, Ferroelectrics, 381:80–86, 2009.
Literature review cont..
M. B. Suresh, Tsung-Her Yeh, Chih-Chieh Yu,Chou, Ferroelectrics, 381:80–86, 2009.
Literature review cont..
SEM images of pure polymer composite film dried at 100◦C for 22 min and annealed at 80◦C for 1 hr.
• BaTiO3-carbon nanotube/polyvinylidene fluoride three-phase composites with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss.
Sheng-Hong Yao et al. proposed a different strategy to improve the dielectric constant of
the polymer matrix.
Carbon nanotube fMWNT=0.01 embedded in the polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF is used as
the dielectric matrix of composites.
They observed when BaTiO3 volume fraction of 0.15 added to the composites enhanced
the dielectric constant (151) and reduced the dielectric loss (0.08).
S. H. Yao et al.,APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 93, 182905, 2008
Literature review cont..
Literature review cont..
S. H. Yao et al.,APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 93, 182905, 2008
Dependences of (a) ԑeff and (b) dielectric loss of the BaTiO3-MWNT/PVDF three-phase composites on frequency at room temperature. The inset presents the dielectric constant vs frequency log-log plots, and the solid line is a linear fit for experiment data.
Permittivity, Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Stability of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Graphene Nanocomposites.
• In this study, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/graphene composites were fabricated using thermally reduced GSs by solution blending.
• GO sheets (GOs) were prepared from natural graphite powder by a modified Hummers method.
• GO sheets obtained were heated to 600 °C in a tube furnace with heating rate of 5 °C/min at a nitrogen atmosphere and held in the furnace for 2 h, turning GO into GSs.
• Electrical and thermal behaviors of the composites at various wt% were investigated.
IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 18, No. 2; April 2011
Literature review cont..
•The incorporation of graphene sheets (GSs) increased the permittivity of PVDF, resulting in a transition with a percolation threshold of 4.5 wt%.•The composite containing 7.5 % GSs had a permittivity higher than 300 at 1000 Hz, which is about 45 times that of pure PVDF.•They reported that higher percolation threshold might be due to the probability of formation of conductive network.
Die
lect
ric c
onst
ant
Frequency TEM micrograph of the PVDF/GS 7.5%
IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 18, No. 2; April 2011
Literature review cont..
Hexagonal BaTiO3/Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 composites with giant dielectric constant and high permeability
• Haibo Yang et al. synthesized hexagonal BaTiO3/Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 (BT/NZO) ceramic composites, by solidestate reaction method to obtain gaint dielectric constant.
• NiO , ZnO and Fe2O3 were weighed, mixed and calcined at 1000o C in air for 2 h to prepare Ni0.8Zn0.2- Fe2O4 (NZO). Commercial BaTiO3 powders were prepared by hydrothermal process with an average powder size of 100 nm. The mixtures of BT and NZO powders were pressed into disks and rings with 5 wt% PVA. All samples were sintered at 1300 oC in air for 2 h.
H. Yang et al. Materials Chemistry and Physics 134 (2012) 777-782
Literature review cont..
Literature review cont..
Frequency dependence of complex dielectric constant of the BT/NZO compositeswith different NZO concentrations.
Temp. dependence of dielectric loss of the BT/NZO composites at diff frequencies: (a) 40%BT/60%NZO, (b) 20%BT/80%NZO.
H. Yang et al. Materials Chemistry and Physics 134 (2012) 777-782
Literature review cont..
Temperature dependence dielectric constant of the BT/NZO composites with different NZO concentrations: (a)
40%BT/60%NZO, (b) 30%BT/70%NZO, (c) 20%BT/80% NZO and (d) 10%BT/90%NZO.
H. Yang et al. Materials Chemistry and Physics 134 (2012) 777-782
• Analysis of the electrical properties of PZT by a BP artificial neural network.
• Kai Cai et al. developed a A three-layer BP ANN is used here in investigating the piezoelectric performance of PZT ceramics based on the homogeneous experimental results.
K. Cai et al. / Computational Materials Science 34 (2005) 166–172
Literature review cont..
BP network for the PZT doped system model
Literature review cont..
K. Cai et al. / Computational Materials Science 34 (2005) 166–172
Correlation between calculated and observed d33 for formulations not included in the original test set.
Correlation between calculated and observed Kp for formulations not included in the original test set
• A finite element model for bending behaviour of conducting polymer
electromechanical actuators
• P. Metz et al. developed a model for Ppy Actuators to predict the bending
angle and bending moment outputs as a function of the actuator thickness.
• The software ANSYS is used to solve the coupled structural/thermal model
in order to obtain the outputs the actuator.
P. Metz et al. / Sensors and Actuators A 130–131 (2006) 1–11
Literature review cont..
Experimentaland theoretical readings of the horizontal and vertical displacements of the actuator to calculate the bending angle.
P. Metz et al. / Sensors and Actuators A 130–131 (2006) 1–11
Literature review cont..
• From the literature review, Special morphology nano filler perovskites (modified BaTiO3), modified graphene and doped metaloxides gives high dielectric and piezoelectric constant.
• Addition of high dielectric constant nano filler materials to the polymers enhance the properties such as dielectric constant and piezoelectric constant.
• Finite element modelling of actuators is presented to measure the bending angle and displacements.
• Fabrication of actuators is summerized.
SUMMARY
• [1]. P. C. Chen et al., CrystEngComm, 2012, 14, 1990–93.• [2]. M. N. Almadhoun et al. J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22, 11196–11200.• [3]. Yu Song et al. J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22, 8063–8068.• [4]. G. Wang et al. Applied materials & interfaces,2, 5,1290–1293, 2010.• [5]. Paula Ferreira et al. Langmuir 2012, 28, 2944−2949.
References