USAID KNOWLEDGE SERVICES CENTER (KSC)

LITERATURE ON TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE

October 4, 2010

The USAID Knowledge Services Center is operated by Bridgeborn, Inc. and Library Associates, and funded by M/CIO/KM and M/HR/TE under contract AID-OAA-C-08-00004. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the Knowledge Services Center and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.

LITERATURE ON TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE MICHAEL ARDOVINO, PH.D. KSC Research Series ABSTRACT: This document lists academic articles, books and policy papers on transitional justice from the last five years. Academic journals such as the International Journal on Transitional Justice, Journal of Peace Research and Human Rights Quarterly are represented as well as several important books on the topic. This document is broken down into a general section and several geographic sections. Any articles that do not have PDF or HTML links can be obtained via interlibrary loan.

Table of Contents

TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE LITERATURE ...........................................................3

GENERAL..........................................................................................................3

AFGHANISTAN-PAKISTAN.............................................................................13

ASIA.................................................................................................................13

EASTERN EUROPE AND EURASIA...............................................................14

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA.............................................................19

SUBSAHARAN AFRICA ..................................................................................21

LATIN AMERICAN AND THE CARIBBEAN ....................................................26

WEBSITES ......................................................................................................30

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SOURCES ON TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE

The literature on transitional justice is extensive and encompasses several academic fields including political science, sociology, law, social work, history and criminal justice. Several journals are devoted exclusively to the topic including the International Journal of Transitional Justice and Human Rights Quarterly. Other more well known journals such as Comparative Political Studies and Journal of Peace Research have also published occasional studies while many law schools often include the subject in their law reviews including Stanford and Michigan. Several non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and think tanks have also published papers and books including the International Center for Transitional Justice and the United States Institute of Peace (USIP). Recent books of note include The Costs of Justice: Understanding How New Leaders Choose to Respond to Previous Rights Abuses (2010), Transitional Justice, Judicial Accountability and the Rule of Law (2010) and Assessing the Impact of Transitional Justice: Challenges for Empirical Research (2009). The study of transitional justice also covers all geographic regions with a larger share of publications emerging from Eastern Europe and Eurasia, Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, regions with more countries that have experienced significant political change over the past thirty years. Regions that are understudied include the Middle East and Afghanistan/Pakistan, a fact that is not surprising since they have only very recently undergone major political liberalization or have yet to do so. The study of transitional justice also encompasses the examination of specific institutions and practices. The literature reflects that justice can entail more familiar courts, special crimes prosecutors, amnesty and lesser known devices such as lustration, official apologies and truth and reconciliation commissions, perhaps the most famous of these being in South Africa.1 According to Valjii, all of these institutions attempt to create accountability, truth and some aspect or form of justice when deterring future injustices using some sort of punishment or moral sanction while combating impunity. 2 In the academic literature, the approach an author usually takes in his or her study of transitional justice is generally comparative with a discussion of two or more countries in one period of time. One example is Olsen, Payne and Reiter’s empirical look at how the political economy affects the application of justice in Argentina, Cambodia, South Africa and other countries. They do so using the

1 See Gibson, James. 2006. The Contributions of Truth to Reconciliation: Lessons From South Africa. Journal of Conflict Resolution 50(3):409-432. 2 Valji, N. 2009. Trials and truth commissions: seeking accountability in the aftermath of violence. Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation. P. 1.

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Transitional Justice Data Base (TJDB) and conclude that how much a government can spend will affect its ultimate pursuit of the truth3, a conclusion that is not surprising considering the scarcity of resources in many developing economies. On the other hand, Park’s piece on international human rights law4 is more of a descriptive discussion of what transitional justice is and where it is applicable. Most articles and papers tend to fall into a more descriptive or even normative policy approach or into a more academic, empirical approach.

TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE LITERATURE

GENERAL Horne, Cynthia. 2012. Assessing the Impact of Lustration on Trust in Public Institutions and National Government in Central and Eastern Europe. Comparative Political Studies 45 (4). Olsen, Tricia D., Leigh A. Payne and Andrew G. Reiter. 2010. Transitional Justice in Balance: Comparing Processes, Weighing Efficacy. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press. http://bookstore.usip.org/books/BookDetail.aspx?productID=238604 (Link to abstract)

Nalepa, Monica. 2010. Infiltration as Insurance: Committing to Democratization and Committing to Peace. In Law in Peace Negotiations, Forum for International Criminal and Humanitarian Law (FICHL) No. 4, ed. M. Bergsmo and P. Kalmanovitz. Oslo, Norway: Peace Research Institute.

Park, Gloria. 2010. Truth as Justice. Harvard International Review 31(4):24-27. PDF Full Text Pham, Phuong Ngoc, Vinck, Patrick and Weinstein, Harvey M. 2010. Human rights, transitional justice, public health and social reconstruction. Social Science and Medicine 70(1):98-105. Linked Full Text

3 Olsen, Tricia, Leigh A. Payne, and Andrew G. Reiter. 2010. At What Cost?: A Political Economy Approach to Transitional Justice. Taiwan Journal of Democracy 6(1):165-184. 4 Park, Gloria. 2010. Truth as Justice. Harvard International Review 31(4):24-27.

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Nalepa, Monica. 2010. Why do they Return? Evaluating International Tribunals' Contribution to Reconciliation. In NOMOS 50: Transitional Justice (Proceedings of the American Society for Political and Legal Philosophy), ed. by J. Elster and M. S. Williams. New York, NY: New York University Press.

Transitional Justice in the World, 1970-2007: Insights from a New Dataset. Journal of Peace Research 47:6 (forthcoming Fall 2010)

Verdeja, Ernesto. 2010. Official Apologies in the Aftermath of Political Violence. Metaphilosophy 41(4): 563-581.

The Justice Balance: When Transitional Justice Improves Human Rights and Democracy. Human Rights Quarterly 32:4 (forthcoming Fall 2010)

Grodsky, Brian. 2010. The Costs of Justice: Understanding How New Leaders Choose to Respond to Previous Rights Abuses. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. Yusuf, Hakeem O. 2010. Transitional Justice, Judicial Accountability and the Rule of Law. London, UK: Routledge. Olsen, Tricia, Leigh A. Payne, and Andrew G. Reiter. 2010. At What Cost? A Political Economy Approach to Transitional Justice. Taiwan Journal of Democracy 6(1):165-184. http://www.tfd.org.tw/docs/dj0601/007.pdf Transitional justice and development: Making connections. 2009, Ed. Pablo de Greiff and Roger Duthie, International Center for Transitional Justice. (Several Book Chapters) http://www.ssrc.org/workspace/images/crm/new_publication_3/%7B1ed88247-585f-de11-bd80-001cc477ec70%7D.pdf Arthur, Paige. 2009. How "Transitions" Reshaped Human Rights: A Conceptual History of Transitional Justice. Human Rights Quarterly 31(2):321-367.

González, Matilde. 2009. A Methodology for Understanding the Community Perspectives. In Assessing the Impact of Transitional Justice: Challenges for Empirical Research, ed. H. Van Der Merwe, V. Baxter and A. R. Chapman. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press.

Valji, N. 2009. Trials and truth commissions: Seeking accountability in the aftermath of violence. Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation. http://www.csvr.org.za/images/f_e_s.pdf

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Stensrud, Ellen Emilie. New Dilemmas in Transitional Justice: Lessons from the Mixed Courts in Sierra Leone and Cambodia. Journal of Peace Research 46(1)5-15. Linked Full Text Laplante, Lisa and Kelly Phenicie. 2009. Mediating post-conflict dialogue: The media’s role in transitional justice processes. Marquette Law Review 93(1):251-284. PDF Full Text Kritz, Neil J. 2009. Policy Implications of Empirical Research on Transitional Justice. In Assessing the Impact of Transitional Justice: Challenges for Empirical Research, ed. H. Van Der Merwe, V. Baxter and A. R. Chapman. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press. Hayner, P. 2009. Negotiating justice: Guidance for mediators. The International Center for Transitional Justice. http://www.ictj.org/static/Africa/DRC/HDCenter_NegotiatingJustice_pa2009.pdf Fletcher, Laurel E., Weinstein, Harvey M. and Rowen, Jamie. 2009. Context, Timing and the Dynamics of Transitional Justice: A Historical Perspective. Human Rights Quarterly 31(1):163-220. Scarlett, Michael H. 2009. Imagining a World beyond Genocide: Teaching about Transitional Justice. Social Studies 100(4):169-176. PDF Full Text Murphy, Colleen. 2009. Political Reconciliation and International Criminal Trials. In Philosophy and International Criminal Law, ed. L. May. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Cuevas, Victor Espinoza, and María Luisa Oritz Rojas. 2009. Practical Considerations in Comparative Research. In Assessing the Impact of Transitional Justice: Challenges for Empirical Research, ed. H. Van Der Merwe, V. Baxter and A. R. Chapman. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press. Smith, Adam. 2009. After Genocide: Bringing the Devil to Justice. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. Fletcher, Laurel E., Harvey M. Weinstein, and Jamie Rowen. 2009. Context, Timing and the Dynamics of Transitional Justice: A Historical Perspective. Human Rights Quarterly 31:163-220. Freeman, Mark. 2009. Necessary Evils: Amnesties and the Search for Justice. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

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Backer, David. 2009. Cross-National Comparative Analysis. In Assessing the Impact of Transitional Justice: Challenges for Empirical Research, ed. H. Van Der Merwe, V. Baxter and A. R. Chapman. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press. Grodsky, Brian. 2009. Re-Ordering Justice: Towards A New Methodological Approach to Studying Transitional Justice. Journal of Peace Research 46 (6). Linked Full Text

Van Der Merwe, Hugo. 2009. Delivering Justice During Transition. In Assessing the Impact of Transitional Justice: Challenges for Empirical Research, ed. H. Van Der Merwe, V. Baxter and A. R. Chapman. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press.

Van der Merwe, Hugo W., Victoria Baxter, and Audrey R. Chapman, ed. 2009. Assessing the Impact of Transitional Justice: Challenges for Empirical Research. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press.

Simpson, Graeme. 2008. One among Many: The ICC as a Tool of Justice during Transition. In Courting Conflict? Justice, Peace and the ICC in Africa, ed. N. Waddell and P. Clark. London, UK: Royal African Society. Grodsky, Brian. 2008. Weighing the Costs of Accountability: The Role of Institutional Incentives in Pursuing Transitional Justice. Journal of Human Rights 7(4):353-375. PDF Full Text Bull, C. 2008. Building the rule of law in post-conflict Cambodia, East Timor and Kosovo. http://www.eldis.org/id21ext/s10bcb1g1.html Leebaw, Bronwyn Anne. 2008. The Irreconcilable Goals of Transitional Justice. Human Rights Quarterly 30(1):95-118. Nagy, Rosemary. 2008. Transitional Justice as Global Project: Critical reflections. Third World Quarterly 29(2):275-289. PDF Full Text Arriaza, Laura, and Naomi Roht-Arriaza. 2008. Social Reconstruction as a Local Process. International Journal of Transitional Justice 2 (2):152-172.

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Grodsky, Brian. 2008. Weighing the Costs of Accountability: The Role of Institutional Incentives in Pursuing Transitional Justice. Journal of Human Rights 7 (4):353-375. Making Peace Work: The Challenges of Social and Economic Reconstruction. 2008. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan for UNU-WIDER. Nalepa, Monika. 2008. Punish All Guilty or Protect the Innocent? Designing Institutions of Transitional Justice. Journal of Theoretical Politics 20 (2):221-246. Mallinder, Louise. 2008. Amnesty, Human Rights and Political Transitions: Bridging the Peace and Justice Divide. Oxford, UK: Hart Publishing. Henham, Ralph, and Paul Chalfont, eds. 2007. The Criminal Law of Genocide: International, Comparative and Contextual Aspects. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing. Zumbansen, Peer. 2007. Transnational Law and Societal Memory. In Law and the Politics of Reconciliation, ed. S. Veitch. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. Zupan, S. and N. Servaes. 2007. Transitional justice and dealing with the past. Working Group on Development and Peace (FriEnt). http://www.frient.de/downloads/FriEnt_Guidance%20Paper%20Transitional%20Justice_2007.pdf Cohen, David. 2007. 'Hybrid' Justice in East Timor, Sierra Leone, and Cambodia: 'Lessons Learned' and Prospects for the Future. Stanford Journal of International Law 43(1):1-38. Andreu-Guzmán, Federico. 2007. Due Process and Vetting. In Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, ed. A. Mayer-Rieckh and P. De Greiff. New York, NY: Social Science Research Council. Nersessian, David L. 2007. Comparative Approaches to Punishing Hate: The Intersection of Genocide and Crimes against Humanity. Stanford Journal of International Law 43(2):221-264. Diaz, Clarence J. 2007. Making justice sector reform work. id21 Development Research Reporting Service. http://www.eldis.org/id21ext/insights66art4.html Mallinder, Louise. 2007. Can Amnesties and International Justice be Reconciled? International Journal of Transitional Justice 2(1):208-230.

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Philpott, Daniel. 2007. What religion brings to the politics of transitional justice. Journal of International Affairs 61(1):93-110. HTML Full Text Twiss, Sumner B. 2007. Torture, Justification, and Human Rights: Toward an Absolute Proscription. Human Rights Quarterly 29(2):346-367. Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander. 2007. On Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Reforms. In Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, ed. A. Mayer-Rieckh and P. De Greiff. New York, NY: Social Science Research Council. The contemporary right to property restitution in the context of transitional justice. 2007. The International Center for Transitional Justice. http://www.ictj.org/static/PropertyRestitution/Rest_Pub_07.pdf Drumbl, Mark A. 2007. Atrocity, Punishment and International Law. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Brahm, Eric. 2007. Uncovering the Truth: Examining Truth Commission Success and Impact. International Studies Perspectives 8(1):16-35. Atria, Fernando. 2007. Reconciliation and Reconstitution. In Law and the Politics of Reconciliation, ed. S. Veitch. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. Bankowski, Zenon. 2007. The Risk of Reconciliation. In Law and the Politics of Reconciliation, ed. S. Veitch. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. Bar-On, Dan. 2006. Reconciliation Revisited. Newropeans Magazine. Bhandar, Brenna. 2007. 'Spatialising History' and Opening Time: Resisting the Reproduction of the Proper Subject. In Law and the Politics of Reconciliation, ed. S. Veitch. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. Cole, Elizabeth A. 2007. Transitional Justice and the Reform of History Education. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(1):115-137. Ni Aoláin, Fionnuala, and Eilish Rooney. 2007. Underenforcement and Intersectionality: Gendered Aspects of Transition for Women. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(3):338-354. Cobban, Helena. 2007. Amnesty After Atrocity? Healing Nations after Genocide and War Crimes. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers. Fröhlich, Anita. 2007. Reconciling Peace with Justice: A Cooperative Division of Labor. Suffolk Transnational Law Review 30(2):271-316.

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Hamber, Brandon. 2007. Masculinity and Transitional Justice: An Exploratory Essay. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(3):375-390. Pham, Phuong, and Patrick Vinck. 2007. Empirical Research and the Development and Assessment of Transitional Justice Mechanisms. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(2):231-248. Orentlicher, Diane F. 2007. 'Settling Accounts' Revisited: Reconciling Global Norms with Local Agency. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(1):10-22. Rubio-Marín, Ruth, and Pablo De Greiff. 2007. Women and Reparations. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(3):318-337. Futamura, Madok. 2007. War Crimes Tribunals and Transitional Justice: The Tokyo Trial and the Nuremburg Legacy. New York, NY: Routledge. Sikkink, Kathryn, and Carrie Booth Walling. 2007. The Impact of Human Rights Trials in Latin America. Journal of Peace Research 44(4):427-445. Motha, Stewart. 2007. Reconciliation as Domination. In Law and the Politics of Reconciliation, ed. S. Veitch. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. Payne, Leigh A. 2007. Unsettling Accounts: Neither Truth nor Reconciliation in Confessions of State Violence. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Trumbull, Charles P. IV. 2007. Giving Amnesties a Second Chance. Berkeley Journal of International Law 25 (2):283-345. Savelsberg, Joachim J., and Ryan D. King. 2007. Law and Collective Memory. Annual Review of Law and Social Science 3:189-211. Barsalou, Judy, and Victoria Baxter. 2007. The Urge to Remember: The Role of Memorials in Social Reconstruction and Transitional Justice. In Stabilization and Reconstruction. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace. Boraine, Alexander L. 2006. Transitional justice: A holistic interpretation. Journal of International Affairs 60(1):17-27. HTML Full Text The Handbook of Reparations, ed. Pablo de Greiff. 2006. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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Mertus, Julie, and Jeffrey W. Helsing, eds. 2006. Human Rights and Conflict: Exploring the Links between Rights, Law, and Peacebuilding. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace. Kaminski, Marek M., Monica Nalepa, and Barry O'Neill. 2006. Normative and Strategic Aspects of Transitional Justice. Journal of Conflict Resolution 50 (3):295-302. Open in New Window (Link to PDF) Kennedy, David. 2006. Of War and Law. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Waldorf, Lars. 2006. Mass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice. Temple Law Review 79(1):1-87. Schabas, William A. 2006. The UN International Criminal Tribunals: The Former Yugoslavia, Rwanda and Sierra Leone. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Roht-Arriaza, Naomi, and Javier Mariezcurrena, eds. 2006. Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth versus Justice. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. Naidu, Ereshnee. 2006. The Ties That Bind: Strengthening the Links Between Memorialisation and Transitional Justice. In Transitional Justice Programme Research Brief: Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation. David, Roman. 2006. In Exchange for Truth: The Polish Lustration and the South African Amnesty Process. Politikon: South African Journal of Political Studies 32 (1):81-99. King, Jamesina. 2006. Gender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open. In What Happened to the Women? Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, ed. R. Rubio-Marín. New York, NY: Social Science Research Council. Cobban, Helena. 2006. Think Again: International Courts. Foreign Policy 153:22-28. Hirsch, Susan F. 2006. In the Moment of Greatest Calamity: Terrorism, Grief, and a Victim's Quest for Justice. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

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Lutz, Ellen L. 2006. Transitional Justice: Lessons Learned and the Road Ahead. In Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth versus Justice, ed. N. Roht-Arriaza and J. Mariezcurrena. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Gray, David. 2006. An Excuse-Centered Approach to Transitional Justice. Fordham Law Review 74(5):2621-2693. Sadat, Leila. 2006. Exile, Amnesty and International Law. Notre Dame Law Review 81(3):955-1036. Anderlini, Sanam Naraghi, Camille Conaway and Lisa Kays. 2005. Transitional Justice and Reconciliation. http://www.huntalternatives.org/download/49_transitional_justice.pdf Wierda, Marieke and Pablo de Greiff. 2005. Reparations and the International Criminal Court: A Prospective Role for the Trust Fund for Victims. International Center for Transitional Justice. http://www.ictj.net/downloads/TrustFundPaperFinal.pdf Bilbija, Ksenija, Jo Ellen Fair, Cynthia Milton, and Leigh A. Payne, eds. 2005. The Art of Truth-Telling about Authoritarian Rule. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. Lederach, John Paul. 2005. The Moral Imagination: The Art and Soul of Building Peace. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Payne, Leigh A. 2005. Humor That Makes Trouble. In The Art of Truth-Telling About Authoritarian Rule, ed. K. Bilbija, J. E. Fair, C. Milton and L. A. Payne. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. Scharf, Michael P. 2005. The Perils of Permitting Self-Representation in International War Crimes Trials. Journal of Human Rights 4 (4):513-520. Wladimroff, Michail. 2005. Former Heads of State on Trial. Cornell International Law Journal 38(3):949-972. Cockayne, James. 2005. Hybrids or Mongrels? Internationalized War Crimes Trials as Unsuccessful Degradation Ceremonies. Journal of Human Rights 4(4):455-473. Aldana, Raquel. 2006. A Victim-Centered Reflection on Truth Commissions and Prosecutions as a Response to Mass Atrocities. Journal of Human Rights 5(1):107-126.

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Stahn, Carsten. 2005. Complementarity, Amnesties and Alternative Forms of Justice: Some Interpretative Guidelines for the ICC. Journal of International Criminal Justice 3(3):695-720. Findlay, Mark, and Ralph Henham. 2005. Transforming International Criminal Justice: Retributive and Restorative Justice in the Trial Process. Cullompton, UK: Willan Publishing. Roach, Steven C. 2005. Value Pluralism, Liberalism, and the Cosmopolitan Intent of the International Criminal Court. Journal of Human Rights 4 (4):475-490. Halpern, Jodi, and Harvey M. Weinstein. 2005. Empathy and Rehumanization After Mass Violence. In My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity, ed. E. Stover and H. M. Weinstein. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Teitel, Ruti G. 2005. The Law and Politics of Contemporary Transitional Justice. Cornell International Law Journal 38(3):837-862. Kulkarni, AL. 2005. Demons and Demos: Violence, Memory and Citizenship in Post-conflict States. PhD Diss., Stanford University. Akhavan, Payam. 2005. Justice, Power, and the Realities of Interdependence: Lessons from the Milosevic and Hussein Trials. Cornell International Law Journal 38(3):973-982. Repairing the Past: Reparations and Transitions to Democracy. Perspectives from Policy, Practice, and Academia Ottawa, Canada 11-12 March 2004. http://www.ier.ma/IMG/pdf/REPARATIONsymposium_report_.pdf Teitel, Ruth G. 2003. Transitional Justice Genealogy. Harvard Human Rights Journal 16: 69-94. http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/hrj/iss16/teitel.pdf Aukerman, Miriam J. 2002. Extraordinary Evil, Ordinary Crime: A Framework for Understanding Transitional Justice. Harvard Human Rights Journal 15. http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/hrj/iss15/aukerman.shtml

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AFGHANISTAN-PAKISTAN

Nadery, Ahmad Nader. 2007. Peace or Justice? Transitional Justice in Afghanistan. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(1):173-179. Rubin, Barnett R. 2003. Transitional Justice and Human Rights in Afghanistan. International Affairs 79(3).

ASIA

Klinker, Melanie. 2008. Forensic Science for Cambodian Justice. International Journal of Transitional Justice 2(2):227-243. Kaufman, Zachary D. 2008. Transitional Justice Delayed is not Transitional Justice Denied: Contemporary Confrontation of Japanese Human Experimentation During World War II Through a People's Tribunal. Yale Law and Policy Review 26(2):645-659. Farasat, W. and C. Fajardo 2008. Nepali voices: perceptions of truth, justice, reconciliation, reparations and the transition in Nepal. The International Center for Transitional Justice. http://www.ictj.org/images/content/8/3/830.pdf Chhang, Youk. 2007. The Thief of History - Cambodia and the Special Court. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(1):157-172. Cohen, David. 2007. 'Hybrid' Justice in East Timor, Sierra Leone, and Cambodia: 'Lessons Learned' and Prospects for the Future. Stanford Journal of International Law 43(1):1-38. Dwyer, Leslie, and Degung Santikarma. 2007. Speaking from the Shadows: Memory and Mass Violence in Bali. In After Mass Crime: Rebuilding States and Communities, ed. B. Pouligny, S. Chesterman and A. Schnabel. Tokyo, Japan: United Nations University Press. Eisenbruch, Maurice. 2007. The Uses and Abuses of Culture: Cultural Competence in Post-Mass Crime Peace-Building in Cambodia. In After Mass Crime: Rebuilding States and Communities, ed. B. Pouligny, S. Chesterman and A. Schnabel. Tokyo, Japan: United Nations University Press. Chhang, Youk. 2007. The Thief of History - Cambodia and the Special Court. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(1):157-172.

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David, Roman, and Ian Holliday. 2006. Set the Junta Free: Pre-Transitional Justice in Myanmar's Democratization. Australian Journal of Political Science 41(1):91-105. PDF Full Text Burgess, Patrick. 2006. A New Approach to Restorative Justice: East Timor's Community Reconciliation Processes. In Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth versus Justice, ed. N. Roht-Arriaza and J. Mariezcurrena. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Burke-White, William W. 2006. Preferences Matter: Conversations with Cambodians on the Prosecution of the Khmer Rouge Leadership. In Bringing the Khmer Rouge to Justice: Prosecuting Mass Violence Before the Cambodian Courts, ed. J. Ramji and B. Van Schaack. New York, NY: Edwin Mellen Press. Reiger, Caitlin. 2006. Hybrid Attempts at Accountability for Serious Crimes in Timor Leste. In Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth versus Justice, ed. N. Roht-Arriaza and J. Mariezcurrena. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Wandita, Galuh, Karen Campbell-Nelson, and Manuela Leong Pereira. 2006. Learning to Engender Reparations in Timor-Leste: Reaching Out to Female Victims. In What Happened to the Women? Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, ed. R. Rubio-Marín. New York, NY: Social Science Research Council.

EASTERN EUROPE AND EURASIA

Nalepa, Monica. 2010. Skeletons in the Closet: Transitional Justice in Post-Communist Europe. Oxford, UK: Cambridge University Press. Legvold, Robert. 2010. Skeletons in the Closet: Transitional Justice in Post-Communist Europe. Foreign Affairs 89(5):166. HTML Full Text Grodsky, Brian. 2009. Beyond Lustration: Truth-Seeking Efforts in the Post-Communist Space. Taiwan Journal of Democracy. Grodsky, Brian. 2009. International Prosecutions and Domestic Politics: The Use of Truth Commissions as Compromise Justice in Serbia and Croatia. International Studies Review 11(4).

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Stan, Lavinia, ed. 2009. Transitional Justice in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union: Reckoning with the Communist Past. New York, NY: Routledge.

Hamber, Brandon, and Gráinne Kelly. 2009. Understandings of Reconciliation in Northern Ireland. In Assessing the Impact of Transitional Justice: Challenges for Empirical Research, ed. H. Van Der Merwe, V. Baxter and A. R. Chapman. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press.

Duggan, Colleen, Claudia Paz y Paz Bailey, and Julie Guillerot. 2008. Reparations for Sexual and Reproductive Violence: Prospects for Achieving Gender Justice in Guatemala and Peru. International Journal of Transitional Justice 2(2):192-213.

Zolkos, Magdalena. 2008. The Time That Was Broken, the Home That Was Razed: Deconstructing Slavenka Drakuli's Storytelling About Yugoslav War Crimes. International Journal of Transitional Justice 2(2):214-226.

Kovacs, Janos. 2008. Accomplices Without Perpetrators: What Do Economists Have to Do with Transitional Justice in Hungary? Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions 9(2/3)311-334. PDF Full Text

Peskin, Victor. 2008. International Justice in Rwanda and the Balkans: Virtual Trials and the Struggle for State Cooperation. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

McMahon, Patrice C., and David P. Forsythe. 2008. The ICTY's Impact on Serbia: Judicial Romanticism meets Network Politics. Human Rights Quarterly 30 (2):412-435.

Stan, Lavinia. 2007. Goulash Justice for Goulash Communism? Explaining Transitional Justice in Hungary. Studia Politica 7(2):269-292.

Priban, Jiri. 2007. Oppressors and Their Victims: The Czech Lustration Law and the Rule of Law. In Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, ed. A. Mayer-Rieckh and P. De Greiff. New York, NY: Social Science Research Council.

Czarnota, Adam. 2007. The Politics of the Lustration Law in Poland, 1989-2006. In Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, ed. A. Mayer-Rieckh and P. De Greiff. New York, NY: Social Science Research Council.

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Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander. 2007. Vetting to Prevent Future Abuses: Reforming the Police, Courts, and Prosecutor's Offices in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, ed. A. Mayer-Rieckh and P. De Greiff. New York, NY: Social Science Research Council.

Wilke, Christiane. 2007. The Shield, the Sword, and the Party: Vetting the East German Public Sector. In Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, ed. A. Mayer-Rieckh and P. De Greiff. New York, NY: Social Science Research Council.

Laughland, John. 2007. Travesty: The Trial of Slobodan Milosevic and the Corruption of International Justice. Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Press.

Subotić, J. 2007. Hijacked Justice: Domestic Use of International Norms. PhD Diss., Wisconsin-Madison.

Sherlock, Thomas. 2007. Shaping Political Identity Through Historical Discourse: The Memory of Soviet Mass Crimes. In After Mass Crime: Rebuilding States and Communities, ed. B. Pouligny, S. Chesterman and A. Schnabel. Tokyo, Japan: United Nations University Press.

Campbell, Kirsten. 2007. The Gender of Transitional Justice: Law, Sexual Violence and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(3):411-432.

Couillard, Valérie. 2007. The Nairobi Declaration: Redefining Reparation for Women Victims of Sexual Violence. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(3):444-453.

Du Toit, H. Louise. 2007. Feminism and the Ethics of Reconciliation. In Law and the Politics of Reconciliation, ed. S. Veitch. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.

Stan, Lavinia. 2006. Transition, Justice and Transitional Justice in Poland. Studia Politica 6(2):257-284.

Stan, Lavinia. 2006. Lustration in Romania: The Story of a Failure. Studia Politica 6(1):135-156.

Carrier, Peter. 2006. Holocaust Monuments and National Memory Cultures in France and Germany Since 1989: The Origins and Political Function of the Vil D'hiv in Paris and the Holocaust Monument in Berlin. New York, NY: Berghahn Books.

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Human Rights Watch. 2006. Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity: A Topical Digest of the Case Law of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. New York, NY: Human Rights Watch.

Stan, Lavinia. 2006. The Roof over Our Head: Property Restitution in Romania. Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 22(2):180-205.

Elster, Jon. 2006. Redemption for Wrongdoing: The Fate of Collaborators after 1945. Journal of Conflict Resolution 50(3):324-338. Open in New Window (Link to PDF) Lundy, Patricia, and Mark McGovern. 2006. A Truth Commission for Northern Ireland? Research Update 46. http://www.ark.ac.uk/publications/updates/update46.pdf

Rolston, Bill. 2006. Dealing with the Past: Pro-State Paramilitaries, Truth and Transition in Northern Ireland. Human Rights Quarterly 28(3):652-675.

Kiss, Csilla. 2006. The Misuses of Manipulation: The Failure of Transitional Justice is Post-Communist Hungary. Europe-Asia Studies 58(6):925-940. PDF Full Text David, Roman, and Susanne Y. P. Choi. 2006. Forgiveness and Transitional Justice in the Czech Republic. Journal of Conflict Resolution 50(3):339-367. Open in New Window (Link to PDF) Nettelfield, Lara J. 2006. Courting Democracy: The Hague Tribunal's Impact in Bosnia-Herzegovina. PhD Dissertation, Columbia University. Sa'adah, Anne. 2006. Regime Change: Lessons from Germany on Justice, Institution Building, and Democracy. Journal of Conflict Resolution 50 (3):303-323. Open in New Window (Link to PDF) Davis, Madeleine. 2005. Is Spain Recovering its Memory? Breaking the Pacto del Olvido. Human Rights Quarterly 27(3):858-880. Peskin, Victor. 2005. Beyond Victor's Justice? The Challenge of Prosecuting the Winners at the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. Journal of Human Rights 4(2):213-231. Wilson, Richard A. 2005. Judging History: The Historical Record of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. Human Rights Quarterly 27(3):908-942.

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Davis, Madeleine. 2005. Is Spain Recovering its Memory? Breaking the Pacto del Olvido. Human Rights Quarterly 27(3):858-880. Saxon, Dan. 2005. Exporting Justice: Perceptions of the ICTY Among the Serbian, Croation, and Muslim Communities in the Former Yugoslavia. Journal of Human Rights 4(4):559-572. Olusanya, Olaoluwa. 2005. Sentencing War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity Under the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. Groningen, Netherlands: Europa Law Publishers. Ajdukovic, Dean, and Dinka Corkalo. 2005. Trust and Betrayal in War. In My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity, ed. E. Stover and H. M. Weinstein. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Zoglin, Katie. 2005. The Future of War Crimes Prosecutions in the Former Yugoslavia: Accountability or Junk Justice? Human Rights Quarterly 27 (1):41-77. Biro, Miklos, Dean Ajdukovic, Dinka Corkalo, Dino Djipa, Petar Milin, and Harvey M. Weinstein. 2005. Attitudes Toward Justice and Social Reconstruction in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. In My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity, ed. E. Stover and H. M. Weinstein. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Freedman, Sarah Warshauer, Dinka Corkalo, Naomi Levy, Dino Abazovic, Bronwyn Leebaw, Dean Ajdukovic, Dino Djipa, and Harvey M. Weinstein. 2005. Public Education and Social Reconstruction in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. In My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity, ed. E. Stover and H. M. Weinstein. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. David, Roman, and Susanne Y. P. Choi. 2005. Victims on Transitional Justice: Lessons From the Reparation of Human Rights Abuses in the Czech Republic. Human Rights Quarterly 27(2):392-435.

Meernik, James. 2005. Justice and Peace? How the International Criminal Tribunal Affects Societal Peace in Bosnia. Journal of Peace Research 42 (3):271-289.

Stover, Eric. 2005. Witnesses and the Promise of Justice in The Hague. In My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity, ed. E. Stover and H. M. Weinstein. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

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Frommer, Benjamin. 2005. National Cleansing: Retribution Against Nazi Collaborators in Postwar Czechoslovakia. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Kandic, Natasa. 2005. The ICTY Trials and Transitional Justice in Former Yugoslavia. Cornell International Law Journal 38(3):789-792.

Nadya, Nedelsky. 2004. Divergent Responses to a Common Past: Transitional Justice in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Theory and Society 33(1):65-115.

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

De Waal, Alex. 2008. Darfur, the Court and Khartoum: The Politics of State Non-Cooperation. In Courting Conflict? Justice, Peace and the ICC in Africa, ed. N. Waddell and P. Clark. London, UK: Royal African Society.

Dudai, Ron. 2008. Transitional justice for collaborators in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. id21 Development Research Reporting Service. http://www.eldis.org/id21ext/s6brd1g1.html Hazan, P. 2008. The nature of sanctions: The case of Morocco's equity and reconciliation commissions. International Committee of the Red Cross. http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/review-870-p399/$File/irrc-870_Hazan.pdf

Kaufman, Zachary D. 2007. Sudan, the United States, and the International Criminal Court: A Tense Triumvirate in Transitional Justice for Darfur. In The Criminal Law of Genocide: International, Comparative and Contextual Aspects, ed. R. Henham and P. Behrens. London, UK: Ashgate.

Bassiouni, M. Cherif, and Michael Wahid Hanna. 2007. Ceding the High Ground: The Iraqi High Criminal Court Statute and the Trial of Saddam Hussein. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 39 (1-2):21-98.

Dudai, Ron. 2007. A Model for Dealing with the Past in the Israeli-Palestinian Context. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(2):249-267. PDF Full Text

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Meyerstein, Ariel. 2006. Transitional justice and post-conflict Israel/Palestine: Assessing the applicability of the Truth Commission Paradigm. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 38(2):281-361. PDF Full Text

Human Rights Watch. 2005. Morocco's Truth Commission: Honoring Past Victims During an Uncertain Present. New York, NY: Human Rights Watch.

Cobban, Helena. 2007. Amnesty After Atrocity? Healing Nations after Genocide and War Crimes. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers.

Dermody, John. 2006. Beyond Good Intentions: Can Hybrid Tribunals Work after Unilateral Intervention? Hastings International and Comparative Law Review 30(1):77-102.

Drumbl, Mark A. 2006. The Iraqi High Tribunal and Rule of Law: Challenges. American Society of International Law Proceedings 100(1):79-83.

Ellis, Mark S. 2006. The Saddam Trial: Challenges to Meeting International Standards of Fairness with Regard to the Defense. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 39(1): 171-193.

Heller, Kevin Jon. 2006. Poisoned Chalice: The Substantive and Procedural Defects of the Iraqi High Tribunal. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 39(1): 261-302.

Stover, Eric, Hanny Megally, and Hania Mufti. 2006. Bremer's 'Guardian Knot': Transitional Justice and the US Occupation of Iraq. In Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth versus Justice, ed. N. Roht-Arriaza and J. Mariezcurrena. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Restructuring the ICC framework to advance transitional justice: A search for a permanent solution in Sudan. 2006. Columbia Law Review 106(1):182-212. PDF Full Text

Scharf, Michael P. 2005. Errors and Missteps: Key Lessons the Iraqi Special Tribunal Can Learn from the ICTY, ICTR, and SCSL. Cornell International Law Journal 38(3):911-948.

Doebbler, Curtis F. J., and Michael P. Scharf. 2005. Will Saddam Hussein Get a Fair Trial? Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 37 (1):21-40.

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Stover, Eric. 2005. Bremer's 'Guardian Knot': Transitional Justice and the US Occupation of Iraq. Human Rights Quarterly 27(3):830-857.

Bassiouni, M. Cherif. 2005. Post-Conflict Justice in Iraq: An Appraisal of the Iraq Special Tribunal. Cornell International Law Journal 38(2):327-390.

Gross, Aeyal M. 2004. The Constitution, Reconciliation, and Transitional Justice: Lessons from South Africa and Israel. Stanford Journal of International Law 40:47-104.

SUBSAHARAN AFRICA

Höhn, Sabine. 2010. International justice and reconciliation in Namibia: The ICC submission and public memory. African Affairs 109(436):471-488. Linked Full Text Baines, Erin. 2010. Spirits and social reconstruction after mass violence: Rethinking transitional justice. African Affairs 109(436):409-430. Linked Full Text Thomson, Susan. 2010. After Genocide: Transitional Justice, Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Reconciliation in Rwanda and Beyond. International Journal of African Historical Studies 43(1):192-195. HTML Full Text Steinberg, Jonny. 2010. Liberia’s Experiment with Transitional Justice. African Affairs 109(434):135-144. Linked Full Text

Yusuf, Hakeem O. 2009. The Judiciary and Political Change in Africa: Developing Transitional Jurisprudence in Nigeria. International Journal of Constitutional Law 7(4):654-682.

Smith, Adam. 2009. After Genocide: Bringing the Devil to Justice. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.

Yusuf, Hakeem O. 2008. Calling the Judiciary to Account for the Past: Transitional Justice and Judicial Accountability in Nigeria. Law and Policy 30(2):194-226.

Campbell-Nelson, K. 2008. Liberia is not just a man thing: transitional justice lessons for women, peace and security. International Center for Transitional Justice. http://www.initiativeforpeacebuilding.eu/pdf/ICTJ_Liberia_is_Not_Just_a_Man_Thing.pdf

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Huyse, L. and M. Salter. 2008. Traditional justice and reconciliation after violent conflict. International IDEA. http://www.idea.int/publications/traditional_justice/upload/Traditional_Justice_and_Reconciliation_after_Violent_Conflict.pdf Peskin, Victor. 2008. International Justice in Rwanda and the Balkans: Virtual Trials and the Struggle for State Cooperation. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Clark, Phil, and Zachary D. Kaufman, eds. 2008. After Genocide: Transitional Justice, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, and Reconciliation in Rwanda and Beyond. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Goetz, Mariana. 2008. The International Criminal Court and its Relevance to Affected Communities. In Courting Conflict? Justice, Peace and the ICC in Africa, ed. N. Waddell and P. Clark. London, UK: Royal African Society. Eppel, S..2008. Transitional justice options in Zimbabwe for 2009. Institute for Democracy in South Africa. Full text of document (Link to PDF) Grono, Nick, and Adam O'Brien. 2008. Justice in Conflict? The ICC and Peace Processes. In Courting Conflict? Justice, Peace and the ICC in Africa, ed. N. Waddell and P. Clark. London, UK: Royal African Society.

Allen, Tim. 2008. Ritual (Ab)use? Problems with Transitional Justice in Northern Uganda. In Courting Conflict? Justice, Peace and the ICC in Africa, ed. N. Waddell and P. Clark. London, UK: Royal African Society.

Gready, Paul 2008. Culture, Testimony, and the Toolbox of Transitional Justice. Peace Review 20(1):41-48. PDF Full Text

Clark, Phil. 2008. Law, Politics and Pragmatism: The ICC and Case Selection in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo. In Courting Conflict? Justice, Peace and the ICC in Africa, ed. N. Waddell and P. Clark. London, UK: Royal African Society.

Wierda, Marieke, and Michael Otim. 2008. Justice at Juba: International Obligations and Local Demands in Northern Uganda. In Courting Conflict? Justice, Peace and the ICC in Africa, ed. N. Waddell and P. Clark. London, UK: Royal African Society.

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Pillay, H. and S. Scanlon. 2007. Peace versus justice: Truth and reconciliation commission and war crimes tribunals in Africa. Centre for Conflict Resolution, University of Cape Town (UCT). http://www.ccr.org.za/images/stories/peace_vs_justice_synopsis.pdf Okello, Moses Chrispus, and Lucy Hovil. 2007. Confronting the Reality of Gender-based Violence in Northern Uganda. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(3):433-443.

Du Bois-Pedain, Antje. 2007. Transitional Amnesty in South Africa. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Du Bois, Francois, and Antje Du Bois-Pedain, eds. 2008. Justice and Reconciliation in Post-Apartheid South Africa. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

Pham, Phuong, Patrick Vinck, Eric Stover, Andrew Moss, Marieke Wierda, and Richard Bailey. 2007. When the War Ends: A Population-Based Survey on Attitudes about Peace, Justice, and Social Reconstruction in Northern Uganda. Berkeley, California: University of California-Berkeley's Human Rights Center.

Baines, Erin K. 2007. The Haunting of Alice: Local Approaches to Justice and Reconciliation in Northern Uganda. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(1):91-114.

Vinck, Patrick, Phuong Pham, Eric Stover, and Harvey M. Weinstein. 2007. Exposure to War Crimes and its Implications for Peace Building in Northern Uganda. Journal of the American Medical Association 298(5):543-554.

Lemarchand, Rene, and Maurice Niwese. 2007. Mass Murder, the Politics of Memory and Post-Genocide Reconstruction: The Cases of Rwanda and Burundi. In After Mass Crime: Rebuilding States and Communities, ed. B. Pouligny, S. Chesterman and A. Schnabel. Tokyo, Japan: United Nations University Press.

Yusuf, Hakeem O. 2007. The Judiciary and Constitutionalism in Transitions: A Critique. Global Jurist 7(3).

Yusuf, Hakeem O. 2007. Travails of Truth: Achieving Justice for Victims of Impunity in Nigeria. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(2):268-286.

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Pajibo, Ezekiel. 2007. Civil Society and Transitional Justice in Liberia: A Practitioner's Reflection from the Field. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(2):287-296.

Cobban, Helena. 2007. Amnesty After Atrocity? Healing Nations after Genocide and War Crimes. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers.

Lemarchand, Rene, and Maurice Niwese. 2007. Mass Murder, the Politics of Memory and Post-Genocide Reconstruction: The Cases of Rwanda and Burundi. In After Mass Crime: Rebuilding States and Communities, ed. B. Pouligny, S. Chesterman and A. Schnabel. Tokyo, Japan: United Nations University Press.

Gibson, James. 2006. The Contributions of Truth to Reconciliation: Lessons From South Africa. Journal of Conflict Resolution 50(3):409-432. Open in New Window (Link to PDF)

Klaaren, Jonathan. 2007. Informational Transformation and the Choice Against Vetting in South Africa's Transition. In Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, ed. A. Mayer-Rieckh and P. De Greiff. New York, NY: Social Science Research Council.

Longman, Timothy. 2006. Justice at the Grassroots? Gacaca Trials in Rwanda. In Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth versus Justice, ed. N. Roht-Arriaza and J. Mariezcurrena. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Magnarella, Paul. 2006. Rwanda Resorts to the Gacaca, a Traditional People’s Court, Hoping to Achieve Swift Justice and Reconciliation. Bulletin of Peace Studies Institute 33:32-35.

Horovitz, Sigall. 2006. Transitional Criminal Justice in Sierra Leone. In Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth versus Justice, ed. N. Roht-Arriaza and J. Mariezcurrena. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Amnesty International. 2006. Liberia: A Brief Guide to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. London, UK: Amnesty International.

Buckley-Zistel, Susanne. 2006. The Truth Heals: Gacaca Tribunals, Reconciliation and Social Reconstruction in Post-Genocide Rwanda. In International Studies Association Annual Convention. San Diego, CA.

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Rombouts, Heidy. 2006. Women and Reparations in Rwanda: A Long Path to Travel. In What Happened to the Women? Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, ed. R. Rubio-Marín. New York, NY: Social Science Research Council. Brody, Reed. 2006. The Prosecution of Hisséne Habré: International Accountability, National Impunity. In Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth versus Justice, ed. N. Roht-Arriaza and J. Mariezcurrena. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Osman, A. A. , 2006-03-22 "Post Genocide Justice in Rwanda UN Tribunal and Gacaca" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Town & Country Resort and Convention Center, San Diego, California, USA.

Jalloh, Chernor, and Alhagi Marong. 2005. Ending Impunity: The Case for War Crimes Trials in Liberia. African Journal of Legal Studies 1(1):52-79.

Oomen, Barbara. 2005. Donor-Driven Justice and Its Discontents: The Case of Rwanda. Development and Change 36(5):887-910. Open in New Window (Link to PDF)

Kelsall, Tim. 2005. Truth, Lies, Ritual: Preliminary Reflections on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Sierra Leone. Human Rights Quarterly 27(2):361-391.

Wells, Sarah. 2005. Gender, Sexual Violence and Prospects for Justice at the Gacaca Courts in Rwanda. Southern California Review of Law and Women's Studies 14(2):167-196.

Oduro, Franklin.2005. Reconciling a divided nation through a non-retributive justice approach: Ghana's national reconciliation initiative. International Journal of Human Rights 9(3):327-347. PDF Full Text

Longman, Timothy, Phuong Pham, and Harvey M. Weinstein. 2005. Connecting Justice to Human Experience: Attitudes Toward Accountability and Reconciliation in Rwanda. In My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity, ed. E. Stover and H. M. Weinstein. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Crane, David. 2005. Dancing with the Devil: Prosecuting West Africa's Warlords: Building Initial Prosecutorial Strategy for an International Tribunal after Third World Armed Conflicts. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 37(1):1-10.

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Moghalu, Kingsley Chiedu. 2005. Rwanda's Genocide: The Politics of Global Justice. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Des Forges, Alison, and Timothy Longman. 2005. Legal Responses to Genocide in Rwanda. In My Neighbor, My Enemy: Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity, ed. E. Stover and H. M. Weinstein. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Peskin, Victor. 2005. Beyond Victor's Justice? The Challenge of Prosecuting the Winners at the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. Journal of Human Rights 4(2):213-231. Nowrojee, Binaifer. 2005. Making the Invisible War Crime Visible: Post-Conflict Justice for Sierra Leone's Rape Victims. Harvard Human Rights Journal 18:85-105. Harrell, Peter E. 2003. Rwanda's Gamble: Gacaca and a New Model of Transitional Justice. Lincoln, NE: Writer’s Club Press.

LATIN AMERICAN AND THE CARIBBEAN

Equilibrando Julgamentos e Anistias na América Latina: Perspectivas Comparativa e Teórica. 2010. Revista Anistia Política e Justiça de Transição 2:152-175.

(In Portuguese)

Garcia-Godos, Jemima and Knut Andreas Lid. 2010. Transitional Justice and Victims' Rights before the End of a Conflict: The Unusual Case of Colombia. Journal of Latin American Studies 42(3):487-516.

Amnesty in the Age of Accountability: Brazil in Comparative Context, in Real Social Science: Applied Phronesis, ed. Bent Flyvbjerg, Todd Landman, and Sanford Schram (New York: Cambridge University Press, forthcoming 2010)

Quinn, Joanna R. 2009. Haiti's Failed Truth Commission: Lessons in Transitional Justice. Journal of Human Rights 8(3):265-281. PDF Full Text Root, Rebecca K. 2009. Through the Window of Opportunity: The Transitional Justice Network in Peru. Human Rights Quarterly 31(2):452-473.

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Duggan, Colleen, Claudia Paz y Paz Bailey, and Julie Guillerot. 2008. Reparations for Sexual and Reproductive Violence: Prospects for Achieving Gender Justice in Guatemala and Peru. International Journal of Transitional Justice 2(2):192-213. Does Transitional Justice Work? Latin America in Comparative Perspective. 2009. Global Studies Review, Special Issue – Accountability after Mass Atrocity: Latin American and African Cases in Comparative Perspective 5:3. http://www.globality-gmu.net/archives/1789

When Truth Commissions Improve Human Rights, International Journal of Transitional Justice (forthcoming Fall 2010), Eric Wiebelhaus-Brahm.

Gómez Isa, P. 2008. Paramilitary demobilization in Colombia: between peace and justice. FRIDE Working Paper 57. Full text of document

Crenzel, Emilio. 2008. Argentina's National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons: Contributions to Transitional Justice. International Journal of Transitional Justice 2(2):173-191.

Duggan, Colleen, Claudia Paz y Paz Bailey, and Julie Guillerot. 2008. Reparations for Sexual and Reproductive Violence: Prospects for Achieving Gender Justice in Guatemala and Peru. International Journal of Transitional Justice 2(2):192-213. Laplante, Lisa J. and Kimberly Theidon. 2007. Transitional justice in times of conflict: Columbia’s Ley de justicia y paz. University of Michigan Law School. http://students.law.umich.edu/mjil/article-pdfs/v28n1-laplante-theidon.pdf Jelin, Elizabeth. 2007. Public Memorialization in Perspective: Truth, Justice and Memory of Past Repression in the Southern Cone of South America. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(1):138-156. Theidon, Kimberly. 2007. Transitional Subjects: The Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Former Combatants in Colombia. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(1):66-90. Zamora, Rubén, and David Holiday. 2007. The Struggle for Lasting Reform: Vetting Processes in El Salvador. In Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, ed. A. Mayer-Rieckh and P. De Greiff. New York, NY: Social Science Research Council.

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Barbuto, Valeria. 2007. Strengthening Democracy: Impugnacíon Procedures in Argentina. In Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, ed. A. Mayer-Rieckh and P. De Greiff. New York, NY: Social Science Research Council. Rosser, Emily. 2007. Depoliticised Speech and Sexed Visibility: Women, Gender and Sexual Violence in the 1999 Guatemalan Comisión para el Esclarecimiento Histórico Report. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(3):391-410. Laplante, Lisa J., and Kimberly Theidon. 2007. Truth with Consequences: Justice and Reparations in Post-Truth Commission Peru. Human Rights Quarterly 29(1):228-250. Azpuru, Dinorah, Ligia Blanco, Ricardo Córdova Macías, Nayelly Loya Marín, Carlos G. Ramos, and Adrián Zapata. 2007. Construyendo La Democracia En Sociedades Posconflicto: Guatemala Y El Salvador, Un Enfoque Comparado. Guatemala City, Guatemala: Centro Internacional de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo, F&G Editores. Sikkink, Kathryn, and Carrie Booth Walling. 2007. The Impact of Human Rights Trials in Latin America. Journal of Peace Research 44 (4):427-445. Sikkink, Kathryn. 2006. The Transnational Dimension of the Judicialization of Politics in Latin America. In The Judicialization of Politics in Latin America, ed. R. Sieder, A. Angell and L. Schjolden. New York, NY: Palgrave/Macmillan. Sikkink, Kathryn, and Carrie Booth Walling. 2006. Argentina's Contribution to Global Trends in Transitional Justice. In Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth versus Justice, ed. N. Roht-Arriaza and J. Mariezcurrena. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Acosta, Mariclaire, and Esa Ennelin. 2006. The 'Mexican Solution' to Transitional Justice. In Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth versus Justice, ed. N. Roht-Arriaza and J. Mariezcurrena. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Theidon, Kimberly. 2007. Intimate Enemies: Reconciling the Present in Post-War Communities in Ayacucho, Peru. In After Mass Crime: Rebuilding States and Communities, ed. B. Pouligny, S. Chesterman and A. Schnabel. Tokyo, Japan: United Nations University Press.

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Kimberly Theidon. 2006. Justice in Transition: The Micropolitics of Reconciliation in Postwar Peru. Journal of Conflict Resolution 50(3):433–457. Open in New Window (Link to PDF) Guillerot, Julie. 2006. Linking Gender and Reparations in Peru: A Failed Opportunity. In What Happened to the Women? Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, ed. R. Rubio-Marín. New York, NY: Social Science Research Council. Roehrig, Terence. 2006. The Continuing Quest for Justice in Argentina. International Studies Association Annual Convention. San Diego, CA. Nance, Kimberly. 2006. Can Literature Promote Justice? Trauma Narrative and Social Action in Latin American Testimonio. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press. Bailey, Claudia Paz y Paz. 2006. Guatemala: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations. In What Happened to the Women? Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, ed. R. Rubio-Marin. New York, NY: Social Science Research Council. Evans, Rebecca. 2006. Pinochet in London-Pinochet in Chile: International and Domestic Politics in Human Rights Policy. Human Rights Quarterly 28 (1):207-244. Brahm, Eric. 2006. Truth and Central American Peacebuilding: El Salvador and Nicaragua. In International Studies Association Annual Convention. San Diego, CA. Theidon, Kimberly. 2006. Justice in Transition: The Micropolitics of Reconciliation in Postwar Peru. Journal of Conflict Resolution 50(3):433-457. Open in New Window (Link to PDF) González Cueva, Eduardo. 2006. The Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Challenge of Impunity. In Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth versus Justice, ed. N. Roht-Arriaza and J. Mariezcurrena. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Kaiser, Susana. 2005. To Punish or to Forgive? Young Citizens' Attitudes on Impunity and Accountability in Contemporary Argentina. Journal of Human Rights 4(2):171-196. Baxter, Victoria. 2005. Civil Society Promotion of Truth, Justice, and Reconciliation in Chile: Villa Grimaldi. Peace and Change 30(1):120-136.

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Bickford, Louis. 2005. Transitional Justice in Mexico. Journal of Human Rights 4(4):537-557. PDF Full Text (Link to PDF) Davis, Madeleine. 2005. Universal Jurisdiction: National Courts and the Prosecution of Serious Crimes under International Law. Human Rights Quarterly 27(2):729-735. Uprimny, Rodrigo, Catalina Botero, Esteban Restrepo, and María Paula Saffon. 2005. ¿Justicia Transicional Sin Transición? Reflexiones Sobre Verdad, Justicia y Reparación en Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia: Centro de Estudios de Derecho, Justicia y Sociedad. (In Spanish)

WEBSITES

TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE DATA BASE http://sites.google.com/site/transitionaljusticedatabase/ (LINK) AFRICAN TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE RESEARCH NETWORK http://www.transitionaljustice.org.za/ (LINK) INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE http://www.ictj.net/approaches.asp (LINK)

U.S. Agency for International Development

1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20523

Tel: 202-712-0000 Fax: 202-216-3524

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