Literary Term ReviewIn your own words, provide definitions for the following literary devices:

Symbolism

Tone

Characterization

Theme

Motifs

Symbolism: Frequent use of words, places, characters, or objects that mean something beyond what they are on a literal level. Often the symbol may be ambiguous in meaning.

Motifs: A conspicuous recurring element, such as a type of incident, a device, a reference, or verbal formula, which appears frequently in works of literature.

Tone: The means of creating a relationship or conveying an attitude or mood. By looking carefully at the choices an author makes (in characters, incidents, setting; in the work's stylistic choices and diction, etc.), careful readers often can isolate the tone of a work and sometimes infer from it the underlying attitudes that control and color the story or poem as a whole. The tone might be formal or informal, playful, ironic, optimistic, pessimistic, or sensual.

Characterization: An author or poet's use of description, dialogue, dialect, and action to create in the reader an emotional or intellectual reaction to a character or to make the character more vivid and realistic. Careful readers note each character's attitude and thoughts, actions and reaction, as well as any language that reveals geographic, social, or cultural background.

Theme: A central idea or statement that unifies and controls an entire literary work. It may be a single idea such as "progress” or "jealousy" (in Shakespeare's Othello). A theme is the author's way of communicating and sharing ideas, perceptions, and feelings with readers, and it may be directly stated in the book, or it may only be implied.

Chapter Three Discussion

1. What does Holden mean when he says, “I’m quite illiterate, but I read a lot?” Give examples of what he reads. (18)

2. Who is Ackley? Describe him. (19)

3. What does Ackley do that annoys Holden? (22)

4. Why does Holden spend time with Ackley?

5. How does Holden really feel about Stradlater?

6. What are the things that depress Holden?

7. What are the things that bother Holden?

Introduction to Discussion Groups

Groups meet to discuss findings, questions, and opinions each week.

• 1st person tracks SYMBOLS/MOTIFS

• 2nd person tracks THEMES

• 3rd person tracks Holden’s DEPRESSION

• 4th person tracks TONE

THESE ROLES SWITCH EACH WEEK!You will perform each role once

Roles for discussion

• 1st person is the recorder: your notes are worth5 points per meeting.

• 2nd person is responsible for bringing interesting or significant quotes to the discussion

• 3rd person is responsible for bringing two critical thinking questions from the reading

• 4th person is the reporter for the group.

THESE ROLES SWITCH EACH WEEK! You will perform each role once

Read Chapter 4 in your groups

• Practice the roles you will each be performing over the next week by analyzing the first four chapters.

• You can work collaboratively on this today.

• Your group will turn in notes for your findings just like you will each time we meet in discussion groups.

• Decide now who will be responsible for what for this week of reading.

HOMEWORK

• Read chapters 5 & 6 (less than 20 pages)

• Begin tracking your literary element.

• ENJOY YOUR WEEKEND!!