Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good...
Transcript of Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good...
![Page 1: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Literary Modernism (1910-1945)
![Page 2: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
n Virginia Woolf: “On or about December 1910 human character changed.”
Period of Intense Change
![Page 3: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
A New Literaturen Ezra Pound
challenged artists to “Make it New”
3
![Page 4: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
World War In Late 19th C faith in
science and technology undermined
n Technology in WWI:n Machine gunsn Poisonous gasn Tanksn Airplanes
![Page 5: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
. . . the immense panorama of futility and anarchy that is contemporary history. --T. S. Eliot
![Page 6: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Henry James on WWIn “The plunge of
civilization into this abyss of blood and horror so gives away the whole long age during which we have supposed the world to be…gradually bettering, that. . . [it] is too tragic for any words.”
![Page 7: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
77
Henry James on WWI, cont.n The war has used up words; they have
weakened, they have deteriorated like motor-car tyres; they have like millions of other things, been more overstrained and knocked about and voided of the happy semblance during the last six months than in all the long ages before, and we are now confronted with a depreciation of all our terms, or otherwise speaking, with a loss of expression through increase of limpness, that may well make us wonder what ghosts will be left to walk.
—The New York Times, March 21, 1915
![Page 8: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
From “Hugh Selwyn Moberley”(Ezra Pound, 1920)
There died a myriad, And of the best, among them, For an old bitch gone in the teeth, For a botched civilization,
Charm, smiling at the good mouth, Quick eyes gone under earth's lid,
For two gross of broken statues, For a few thousand battered books.
8
![Page 9: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Hemingway on WWIn Frederic Henry in A Farewell
to Arms, musing on the words “sacred,” “glorious,”“sacrifice,” and “in vain”:“We had heard them…and had
read them…and I had seen nothing sacred, and the things that were glorious had no glory and the sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it. There were many words that you could not stand to hear and finally only the names of places had real dignity.”First Edition Cover, 1929
![Page 10: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Lost Generationn Phrase coined by Gertrude
Stein to describe Hemingway and group of disillusioned ex-patriot American writers living in Paris in the 1920’s
n Included Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Zelda Fitzgerald, John Dos Passos, Ezra Pound, Kay Boyle, Ford Maddox Ford, etc.
![Page 11: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Following the war, an explosion of modern culture
n Jazz—Harlem Renaissance
n Moviesn Radion Electrificationn Mass transitn Telephonesn Airplanesn Automobilesn Psychoanalysis
![Page 12: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
World of Ideas Changing as Well
ArtScience
ReligionPsychology
![Page 13: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
That’s Not Art!n London Exhibit of Post-
Impressionist Painting, 1910n Armory Show (International
Exhibition of Modern Art) opens in New York in 1913
![Page 14: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Impressionist Painting
Claude Monet’s Paintings of Rouen Cathedral
![Page 15: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Post ImpressionismVincent Van Gogh’s “Starry Night” (1889)
![Page 16: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16Henri Matisse’s “Red Fish” (1911)
![Page 17: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Marcel Duchamp’s “Nude Descending a Staircase, Number 2”(1912)
![Page 18: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Perspective in Literature
n Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury, 1929
n Same story told from 4 different perspectives
n “A tale told by an idiot”
![Page 19: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
William James and Stream-of-Consciousness
n Psychologists and philosophers start complicating our view of reality
n Is “reality” as straightforward as it seems (a clear window or mirror) or just another convention, as artificial as any other style?
n Stream-of-consciousness
![Page 20: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Opening Paragraph of The Sound and The Fury
“Luster came away from the flower tree and we went along the fence and they stopped and we stopped and I looked through the fence while Luster was hunting in the grass. Through the fence, between the curling flower spaces, I could see them hitting. They were coming toward where the flag was and I went along the fence. Luster was hunting in the grass by the flower tree. They took the flag out, and they were hitting. Then they put the flag back and they went to the table, and he hit and the other hit. Then they went on, and I went along the fence.”
20
![Page 21: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Sciencen What is Real? The
Cartesian/Newtonian universe:n Scientist is objective
observern Does not influence
what he’s observingn Can faithfully
represent what he sees
![Page 22: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
The New Sciencen Einstein and
Relativityn Quantum
Mechanicsn Heisenberg’s
Uncertainty Principle
![Page 23: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Religionn God is dead. God remains dead.
And we have killed him. --Nietzsche, The Gay Science
Nietzsche by Munch
![Page 24: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Modern crisis of meaning
n Post-Darwinian disillusionn Scientific contradictions of Biblical history
![Page 25: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Crisis of Meaning Explored in Literary Works
“Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;
Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,”
--From Yeats’s “The Second Coming” 1919
![Page 26: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
From “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” (Hemingway, 1926)
"Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric light he continued the
conversation with himself. It is the light of course but it is necessary that the place be clean and pleasant. Certainly you do not want music. Nor can you stand before a bar with dignity although that is all that is provided for these hours. What did he fear? It was not a fear or dread. It was a nothing that he knew too well. It was all a nothing and a man was nothing too. It was only that and light was all it needed and a certain cleanness and order. Some lived in it and never felt it but he knew it all was nada y pues nada y nada y pues nada. Our nada who art in nada, nada be thy name thy kingdom nada thy will be nada in nada as it is in nada. Give us this nada our daily nada and nada us our nada as we nada our nadas and nada us not into nada but deliver us from nada; pues nada. Hail nothing full of nothing, nothing is with thee.
26
![Page 27: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Art Replaces Religion?n Wallace Stevens: “In
an age of disbelief…it is for the poet to supply the satisfactions of belief in his measure and style.
![Page 28: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Psychologyn Sigmund Freud:
n Idn Egon Superegon Sublimation
![Page 29: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Alienationn People alienated from Godn Marx and alienation: workers alienated
from their laborn People alienated from each other:
communication often difficult or even impossible
n Modern humans, according to Freud’s theories, even alienated from themselves
![Page 30: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
3030
Hemingway’s Modernism:Style
n Doesn’t use stream-of-consciousness very often
n Yet, still heeds Ezra Pound’s advice to “make it new”
![Page 31: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
3131
Elements of Hemingway’s Style
n Stripped down, terse prose n Dialogue (no tag lines)n Psychological displacement onto natural worldn Moral ambiguity (lack of authorial editorializing)n Codified violencen Iceberg principle
![Page 32: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
3232
Iceberg Principle“If a writer of prose knows enough about
what he is writing about he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.”
--From Death in the Afternoon
![Page 33: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
3333Hemingway in uniform, 1918
Hemingway’s Modernism:World War I
n Hemingway’s own experiences
n “Soldier’s Home”n “The Sun Also
Rises”
![Page 34: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
3434
Hemingway’s Modernism:Religious Disillusion; Alienation
n Harold Krebsn Older waiter in “A
Clean Well-Lighted Place”
n Jake Barnes—searching for meaning?
In Italy, 1918
![Page 35: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
3535
Hemingway’s Modernism:Romantic Disillusion
n The New Womann Brett Ashley in The
Sun Also Risesn Girls in “Soldier’s
Home”n Prostitution
From Life magazine, early 1920’s
![Page 36: Literary Modernism (1910-1945) · From “A Clean, Well -Lighted Place”(Hemingway, 1926) "Good night," said the younger waiter. "Good night," the other said. Turning off the electric](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042620/5f421eb19c13847c00374233/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
3636
Hemingway’s Modernism:Order/Disordern Characters often search for meaning in a
chaotic, disordered universe (feeling man in an unfeeling universe)
n Hemingway Hero:n Wounded physically, emotionally, or psychologicallyn Drinks too muchn Sleeps with lights onn Afraid of dyingn Yet, remains stoic; exhibits “grace under pressure”
in the face of pain and suffering”