ECONOMIC SURVEY REPORT ON“ROLE AND RELEVANCE OF FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN BIHAR”With Special Reference To Litchi: A CASE STUDY OF MUZAFFARPUR

DISTRICTAN ECONOMIC SURVEY REPORT

SUBMITTED UNDER CPE SCHEME [UGC]COLLEGE LEVEL

2012

DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICSPATNA WOMEN’S COLLEGE

PATNA UNIVERSITYNAAC RE-ACCREDITED-‘A’ WITH CGPA 3.51/4

“COLLEGE WITH POTENTIAL FOR EXCELLENCE [CPE] STATUS ACCORDED BY UGC”

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: SUBMITTED BY:

DR.SAROJ SINHA ROMA (73)DEPT. OF ECONOMICS SUFRA (403)PATNA WOMEN’S COLLEGE TANVI SINHA

(292) B .A. III [2010-13]

“ROLE AND RELEVANCE OF FOOD PROCESSING

INDUSTRY OF BIHAR”

With Special Reference To Litchi:A CASE STUDY OF

MUZAFFARPUR DISTRICT

OBJECTIVETo know the present status of the food processing industry in Bihar.To analyse the food processing units and the procedure undertaken by them.To know the share of food processing industry in Gross State Domestic Product (GDSP).To study the employment opportunities generated due to the food processing industry.To identify the constraints in profitability of litchi growers, exports of litchi and litchi processed products.

HYPOTHESIS•The food processing industry has a major share in the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP).•The litchi industry is a major employment generating industry.•The food processing industry has a prominent role in improving the standard of living of the people engaged in the cultivation of fruits.

WHAT IS FOOD PROCESSING

Any type of value addition to agricultural or horticulture produces

Includes processes such as grading, sorting, and packing which enhance shelf life of food products

Processing industry provides linkages and synergies between the industrial and agricultural sector.

The global processed food industry is estimated to be valued around EURO 2.5 trillion

Europe39%

US21%

Rest of the world9%

Asia Pacific31%

SHARE IN GLOBAL FOOD INDUSTRY

BENEFITS OF FOOD PRODUCING INDUSTRY

• Increases seasonal availability of many foods, enables transportation of delicate perishable foods across long distances.

• Many new foods available to the masses.• Reduce the incidence of food borne disease.• Improves the taste of food.• Improves the quality of life for people with allergies,

diabetics, and other people who cannot consume some common food element.

STUCTURE OF INDIAN FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY

WHY FOOD PROCESSING IN INDIA?

ABOUT 50 MILLION TONNE OF FRUITS, WHICH IS ABOUT 9% OF THE WORLD’S PRODUCTION OF FRUITS AND 90 MILLION TONES OF VEGETABLES, WHICH ACCOUNTS FOR 11% OF THE WORLD’S VEGETABLE PRODUCTION.

ONLY 2 % FRUITS ARE PROCESSED. LACK OF PROCESSING AND INADEQUATE STORAGE OF

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES RESULT IN HUGE WASTAGES. PROCESSED FOOD HOLDS A MINIMAL SHARE OF JUST 2

% OF NATIONAL EXPORTS. SHARE OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSED IS

LESS COMPARED TO PRODUCTS SUCH AS MILK (35%) AND MARINE PRODUCTS (21%) ETC.

THE MULTIPLIER EFFECT OF INVESTMENT IN FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY ON EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IS 2.5 TIMES THAN IN OTHER INDUSTRIAL SECTORS.

Level of processing(Fruits & Vegetables)

USA - 80 %

France - 70 %

Malaysia- 80 %

Thailand- 30 %

India - 1.3 %

Level of Processing (Perishable products)

Organized Unorganized Total Fruits / Vegetables 1.3% 0.8% 2.2% Milk /milk products 13% 22% 35% Buffalo Meat 21% - 21% Poultry 6% - 6% Marine Products 8% 15% 21%

Processing Levels of Various Agricultural Products

2.2

6

35

21

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Fruit and vegetables

Poultry

Milk and dairy

Meat

Cat

egor

y

Percentage

Currently, the Indian food processing sector employs about 13 million people directly and about 35 million people indirectly. In 2004–05, food processing sector contributed about 14% of manufacturing GDP with a share of Rs 2,80,000 crore. Of this, the unorganized sector accounted for more than 70 per cent of production in terms of volume and 50 per cent in terms of value.

CONTRIBUTION TO INDIAN ECONOMY

CONSTRAINTS OF THE FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY

* Low level of processing inspite of surplus.* Food habits across the country.* Lack of trained man-powers.* Lack of access to modern technology.* Low inflow of FDI despite permisssion of 100% of FDI* Failure of government schemes.

RESOURCE MAP OF BIHAR

Major Crops- Rice, Jute, Maize, Banana, Pulses, Litchi, Peas, Mango, Makhana, Amla, Guava, Tomato, Potato, Chilly

LITCHI INDUSTRY:PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING

WORLD SCENARIOIt is believed to have originated in China, where it has been grown in Southern Guangdong state for thousand of years. It is highly specific to climatic requirements and probably due to this reason its cultivation is restricted to few countries in the world. In India, litchi was introduced in the 18th century through Burma, and from there, it spread to many countries.

India and China account for 91% of the world litchi production.

Major litchi producing countries are India, China, Taiwan, Thailand, South Africa, Madagascar, and Australia and Florida (USA). Authentic data on production of litchi is not available however; total production is estimated around 6 to 6.5 lakh tones.

LITCHI… THE LYCHEE (LITCHI CHINENSIS SONN) AN IMPORTANT SUB-

TROPICAL EVERGREEN FRUIT CROP BELONGING TO SAPINDACEAE FAMILY.

THE FRESH FRUIT HAS A "DELICATE WHITISH PULP" WITH A FLORAL SMELL AND A FRAGRANT, SWEET FLAVOR.

THE LITCHI FRUITS ARE UPTO 5CM (2.0 IN) LONG AND 4 CM (1.6 IN) WIDE.

OUTSIDE OF THE FRUIT IS COVERED BY A PINK-RED, ROUGHLY TEXTURED RIND THAT IS INEDIBLE BUT EASILY REMOVED TO EXPOSE A LAYER OF SWEET, TRANSLUCENT WHITE FLESH.

FRUITS MATURE IN 80–112 DAYS, DEPENDING ON CLIMATE, LOCATION, AND CULTIVAR.

THEY REQUIRE A WARM SUBTROPICAL TO TROPICAL CLIMATE GROWTH IS BEST ON WELL-DRAINED, SLIGHTLY ACIDIC SOIL RICH

IN ORGANIC MATTER. A FULLY GROWN, HEALTHY LITCHI PLANT CAN YIELD ABOUT 100 -

120KGS OF LITCHI. HOWEVER, PRE HARVEST PHASE PRACTICES AFFECT THE OVERALL

OUTPUT OF LITCHI.

VARIETIES

SHAHI CHINA SWARNA ROOPA KASBA

ELACHI PURBI EARLY SEEDLESS

ROSE SCENTED

BOMBAI

CALCUTTA

LATE SEEDLESS GULABI

LATE LARGE RED

DEHRA DUN

IN NATURAL CANCER TREATMENT, LITCHI FRUIT PREVENTS GROWTH OF CANCER CELLS. IT HAS IMPRESSIVE ANTI-BREAST CANCER PROPERTIES.

IT STRENGTHENS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. LITCHI FRUITS ARE LOW IN CALORIE, CONTAINS NO SATURATED FATS

OR CHOLESTEROL, BUT RICH IN DIETARY FIBRE, WHICH IS EVERY IMPORTANT FOR INDIVIDUAL CONCERNED WITH EXCESS BODY WEIGHT.

IT IS AN ANTI-OXIDANT AND HELPS IN ANTI-INFLUENZA VIRUS ACTION. IN ADDITION, IT HELPS IN IMPROVING BLOOD FLOW IN ORGANS, REDUCE WEIGHT AND PROTECT SKIN FROM HARMFUL UV RAYS.

LITCHI, LIKE CITRUS FRUIT IS EXCELLENT SOURCE OF VITAMIN C .THUS IT HELPS DEVELOP RESISTANCE AGAINST INFECTIOUS AGENTS.

HELPS CONTROL HEART RATE AND BLOOD PRESSURE, PROTECTING AGAINST STROKE AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE.

IT CONTAINS COPPER THAT IS REQUIRED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS.

MEDICINAL QUALITIES

LITCHI PRODUCTION : INDIA

Cultivation of litchi has increased from 53.7 thousand hectares in 03-04 to 63.3 thousand hectares in 05-06.

2010-11    

Sr No. State Production(‘000 tonnes) Share(%)1 Bihar 226.98 45.642 West Bengal 85.12 17.123 Assam 40.54 8.154 Jharkhand 35.87 7.215 Punjab 23.88 4.86 Chhattisgarh 21.4 4.37 Orissa 19.16 3.858 Uttarakhand 18.73 3.779 Tripura 16.57 3.33

10 Himachal Pradesh 3.05 0.6111 Jammu & Kashmir 1.72 0.3512 Mizoram 1.59 0.3213 Uttar Pradesh 1.14 0.2314 Haryana 1.1 0.22

EXPORT SCENARIO

0

500

1000

1500

QtyValue

India Export StatisticsQty in MT.   Value in Lacs

  2010-11Country Qty ValueBANGLADESH 1104.01 111.96NEPAL 80.48 23.06UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 1.4 0.73GERMANY 0.1 0.06SINGAPORE 0.09 0.04IRELAND 0.01 0.01

Total 1,186.09 135.86Source: DGCIS

LITCHI PRODUCTION: BIHAR BIHAR IS THE HIGHEST PRODUCER OF LITCHI IN THE COUNTRY. IT HAS FOUND ACCEPTABILITY IN INTERNATIONAL MARKET. PRODUCED IN 27 DISTRICTS IN BIHAR. MUZAFFARPUR IS THE LARGEST LITCHI PRODUCING DISTRICT

WITH A PRODUCTION OF 56,006 MT FOLLOWED BY VAISHALI AT 26, 498 MT AND SITAMARHI AT 15,518 MT.

From the graphs above it is clearly indicated that over the years , the area of production has seen a gradual increase, but the production per thousand tones has come down , due to reasons such as erratic floods or draughts, infestation by pests, poor seeds etc..

LITCHI PRODUCTION: MUZAFFARPUR

A DISTRICT IN NORTH BIHAR AND IS A MAJOR CENTRE FOR AGRICULTURAL TRADE.

HAS SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE CHARACTERIZED BY HOT SUMMER, WET MONSOON AND DRY WINTER.

SUITABLE FOR CULTIVATION OF BOTH VARIETIES OF LITCHI (SHAHI AND CHINA).

THIS DISTRICT HAS BEEN A HUB FOR HORTICULTURAL COMMODITIES ESPECIALLY IN FRUITS LIKE LITCHI, MANGO, AND GUAVA.

MUZAFFARPUR IS FAMOUS FOR LITCHI NOT ONLY IN INDIA BUT ALSO INTERNATIONALLY FOR THE SHAHI VARIETY THAT IS GROWN EXTENSIVELY IN THIS DISTRICT.

THE DISTRICT IS THE TOP PRODUCER OF LITCHI IN INDIA.

On the basis of factors like area under litchi cultivation, farm productivity, overall orchard management the whole Muzaffarpur region can be classified into three zones.

Production of Litchi in Muzaffarpur District

LITCHI PROCESSING IN INDUSTRY

LITCHI INDUSTRY IN INDIA

LITCHI PROCESSINGLITCHI FRUIT STRAIGHT

FARM ↓

WASHING↓

SORTING ↓

GRADING

↓PEELING

↓  SMALL PIECES ← LITCHI WHOLE →

MIXING WITH SUGAR SYRUP

↓ ↓PULPING CANNING

↓PACKING ← PASTEURISATION

↓STERELIZATION

↓

PACKET (TO MARKET)

VARIOUS PRODUCTS OF PROCESSED LITCHI

LITCHI PAYESH

LITCHI ICE-CREAM

LITCHI SALAD

LITCHI MARTINI

LITCHI BISCUIT

LITCHI CANDY LITCHI CAKE PROCESSED LITCHI

LITCHI TEA

LITCHI SQUASH

LITCHI WINE

LITCHI JAM

LITCHI WINELITCHI JUICE

LITCHI PROCESSING IN INDIA

LITCHIPROCESSED LITCHIFRESH LITCHI

LITCHI PROCESSING UNITS IN BIHAR

S.NO NAME OF UNIT LOCATION AREA OF OPERATION

CAPACITY ACTIVITY

1 LITCHIKA INTERNATIONAL

BELA- MUZAFFARPU

R

MUSHAHARI 500 TONS SQUASH, CANNING,

HONEY

2 SHYAMA AGRO- INDUSTRY

RATWARA, MUZAFFARPU

R

BANDRA BLOCK,

MURAUL BLOCK

200 TONS SQUASH & CANNING

3 PREMIER FOOD PRODUCTS

KHABRA ROAD MUSHAHARI, SARAI, KANTI

200 TONS SQUASH & CANNING

4 THAKUR LITCHI INDUSTRY

BOCHAHAN BOCHAHAN BLOCK

200 TONS SQUASH & CANNING

5 RADHA KRISHNA IMPLEX PYT. LTD

MUZAFFARPUR

MUZAFFARPUR 500 TONS PULP, CANNING,

CONFECTIONARY

CASE STUDY

VISIT TO NLRCVISIT TO RADHA KRISHNA IMPLEX - PROCESSING UNIT - COLD STORAGE

EXPERIENCE AT “NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE FOR

LITCHI”

RESEARCH ON PRE -HARVEST MANAGEMENT AND NOT ON POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT, PROCESSING.

NO SIGNIFICANT RESEARCH WORK DONE AS YET.

INFRASTRUCTURALLY INADEQUATEPOST HARVEST PRODUCT- - WINE - LITCHI NUTSEMINARS FOR FARMERS - BETTER METHODS OF FARM MANAGEMENT

KEDIA GROUP STARTED IN 1967 FIRST INVOLVEMENT IN LITCHI PROCESSING- 1995 CURRENT TURNOVER:- 100 CRORES UNIQUE FOODS CATER TO THE DEMAND OF DOMESTIC

MARKET CLIENTS OF UNIQUE FOODS:- DABUR, BASKIN ROBBINS,

HINDUSTAN UNILEVER, GODREJ ETC. RADHA KRISHNA IMPEX IS MAINLY ENGAGED IN

EXPORT CURRENTLY EMPLOYING:- 30 PERMANENT AND 200-

250 CASUAL WORKERS. PRODUCTS:- FRESH LITCHI, LITCHI PULP, CANNED

LITCHI (WHOLE LITCHI DIPPED IN SUGAR SYRUP), LITCHI PIECE (TO BE USED IN ICE-CREAM), LITCHI CONFECTIONARY

THEGOVT. HAS HELPED THEM IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PLANT.

THE UNIT HAS BENEFITTED UNDER FOOD PARK SCHEME FROM STATE GOVT.’S VISION 2015 FOR FOOD PROCESSING SECTOR.

45% ESTIMATED RECOVERY OF THE INPUT ALMOST 3000 TONS.

THIS YEAR THEY HAVE EXPECTED TO EXPORT 200-300 TONS OF PRODUCE OF WHICH EXPORT OF LITCHI PULP COULD GO UPTO 50 TONS.

THE KEDIAS’ ALSO HAVE TO FACE A LOT OF PROBLEMS IN VARIOUS STAGES.

THEIR VISION : TURNOVER 600cr. (IN NEXT 10 YEARS)

FINDINGS THE LITCHI PROCESSING INDUSTRY HAS A HUGE

POTENTIAL AND CAN BE BROUGHT FORTH AS BRAND BIHAR.

AT THE MICRO LEVEL THE LITCHI PROCESSING UNIT HELPS FARMERS TO GET A BETTER PRODUCE.

EVEN THE EXPORT SECTOR HAS A HUGE POTENTIAL TO GROW.

THE RESEARCH WORK DONE FOR LITCHI PROCESSING IS VERY INSIGNIFICANT.

CONCLUSION

FOOD PROCESSING SECTOR IS AN EMPLOYMENT GENERATING INDUSTRY.

LITCHI PROCESSING INDUSTRY HELPS IN UPLIFTING THE FARMERS.

FOOD PROCESSING SECTOR COULD CONTRIBUTE A SIGNIFICANT SHARE IN THE GROWTH PROCESS IF CHANNELED IN RIGHT DIRECTION.

SUGGESTIONS

PROVISION OF COLD CHAINS.BETTER INFRASTRUCTURE AND LAW & ORDER. INVOLVEMENT OF BANKSSKILLED LABOURREFINEMENT OF TRADITIONAL EQUIPMENTS

LIMITATIONS

VISIT DURING OFF SEASONRELUCTANCE OF WORKERSANOMALY IN INFORMATION PROVIDEDLESS TIME FOR INTERACTIONPRIOR COMMITMENT WITH OTHER UNITS

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