List of Terms B.alexandra (1)

8/10/2019 List of Terms B.alexandra (1)

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FORONEPARAGRAPHDEFINITION

Character:

A person who is responsible for the thoughts and actions within a story, poem, or other literature.

Characters are very important because they are the medium through which the reader interacts

with a piece of literature. Characters are used to form the plot of a story or create a mood by theattributes that are given to them.

Comedy:

Greek comedy was from the beginning associated with fertility rites and the worship ofDionysus. According to Aristotles it deals in an amusing way with ordinary characters in rather

everyday situations. Its characters may be drawn from observation and experience, but they are

the result of the generaliing faculty rather than the individualising one. !irst the characters tend

to be realistic, but in essence become stereotypes or even caricatures.

Conflict:

It involves two opposing forces" these forces may be embodied in two individuals, hero and

villain, in one person and society within one individual, the protagonist when love and duty are

at odds, etc. #he events of the conflict form the plot, their decisive moment marks the climax ofthe play or story.

Context(ali!m":

A $argon term current in the %ew Criticism &that's a book, btw( which denotes a particular kind

of aesthetic experience of a work of literature. #he work is experienced as a self)contained

artefact and possessed of *mutually opposing energies of a tension filled ob$ect that blocks ourescape from its context and thus from its world'.

critical a##roache!:

Critical approaches revel how or why a particular work is constructed and what its social and

cultural implications are. #hese approaches are+ deconstruction, feminist criticism, the newcriticism, psychoanalytic criticism, reader)response criticism, structuralism, arxist criticism,

formalist and postcolonial criticism.Drama:In general any work meant to be performed on a stage by actors. A more particular meaning is a

serious play" not necessarily tragedy. -ne of its elements is the presence of an audience. %ovel

and poetry make their appeals to solitary readers.

E#ic:

An epic is a long narrative poem, on a grand scale, about the deeds of warriors and heroes. It is a

*heroic' story incorporating myth, legend, folk tale and history. pics are often of national

significance in the sense that they embody the history and aspirations of a nation in a lofty orgrandiose manner.

Fiction:

A vague and general term for an imaginative work, usually in prose. It does not cover poetry anddrama though both are forms of fiction in that they are moulded and contrived / or feigned.

!iction is now used in general of the novel, the short story, the novella, and related genres.

fi$rati%e lan$a$e:

0anguage which uses figures of speech" e.g. metaphor, simile, alliteration. !igurative language

must be distinguished from literal language. *1e hared down the street' or *1e ran like a hare

down the street' are figurative. *1e ran very 2uickly down the street' is literal.


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which the chief figures by some peculiarity of character pass through a series of misfortunes

leading to the final catastrophe.

GENERA*TER)

Action:&7( #he main story of a play, novel, narrative poem, etc. &


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FIG/RATI0E*ANG/AGE

conceit: a figure of speech, usually a simile or metaphor that forms an extremely ingenious or

fanciful parallel between apparently dissimilar or incongruous ob$ects or situations.

metonymy: a figure of speech in which the name of an attribute or a thing is substituted for the

thing itself.

onomato#oeia: the formation and use of words to imitate sounds.#aradox: an apparently self)contradictory statement.

#er!onification:the attribution of human 2ualities to inanimate ob$ects.

!imile: a figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another.

!ym'ol: a figure of speech+something that represents an idea, a physical entity or a process but

is distinct from it. #he purpose of a symbol is to communicate meaning. In literature it denotes

an ob$ect, person, idea, etc., to stand for or suggest something else with which it is associated

either explicitly or in some more subtle way

!ynae!the!ia: a figure of speech+the mixing of different sensations, such as hearing and seeing,

etc.

!ynecdoche: a figure of speech in which a part of something stands for the whole.

tenor and %ehicle:components of the metaphor. &by I.A. :ichards( the tenor is the ob$ect,concept, or person meant, and the vehicle is the image which carries the weight of the

comparison.

tro#e: a word or expression used in a figurative sense" it also means verbal amplification of

liturgical texts in the iddle Ages.

FICTION

ato'io$ra#hy: an account of a person's life by him or herself.

'io$ra#hy: an account of a person's life by someone else.

e!!ay: a short literary composition on a particular theme or topic.

focali&er: the primary consciousness of a story. this character holds the main point of view.

fore$rondin$: is the practice of making something stand out from the surrounding words or

images.(it cold 'e !tyli!tic1 $rammatical1 etc+"

narrator: one who tells the story, the speaker of the *voice' of a written work.

#oint of %ie.: the way the story is presented to the reader which may vary.

#ro!e: the ordinary form of written and spoken language.

!hort !tory: prose that is designed to produce a single dominant effect which contains theelements of drama.

!tream of con!cio!ne!!: a literary term referring to the techni2ue which seeks to depict the

multidious thoughts and feelings which pass through the mind.

!'2#lot: subsidiary action in a play or story coinciding with the main action.

!'2text: *under' or *below' the text, what is not said or done, but we still know>guess those

things happen.

to#ia: the idea of a place where all is well, anti2uity in literature.

DRAA

action: the main story of a play, novel, short story, narrative poem, etc.

cathar!i!: ?hen the tragedy, having aroused powerful feelings in the spectator there comes asense of release from tension, of calm.

dialo$e: the speech of characters in a play which discuss a sub$ect at length.

monolo$e: a single person speaking alone with or without an audience.

orality Play: an allegory in dramatic form.


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y!tery Play: a dramatic genre+the ystery 3lays of the iddle Ages were based on the =ible

and were particularly concerned with the stories of man's creation, fall and redemption.

#rota$oni!t: #he main character in a drama or other literary work. #he leading and principalfigure.

Re!toration comedy: #he kind of drama between the restoration of monarchy in 7445 chiefly

concerned with presenting a society of elegance and stylishness.!ta$e direction!: notes incorporated in or added to the script of a play to indicate location,

sights, circumstances etc. the scene is set in.

!toc3 character: a recurrent type of character which a writer can transform into an individual.

POETR4

alliteration: a figure of speech in which consonants especially at the beginning of the words or

stressed syllables are repeated.

ana#e!t: a metrical foot comprising of two unstressed syllables and one stressed. &opposite ofdactyl(

a!!onance: the repetition of similar vowel sounds.

'allad 5 'allad metre: &ballad+ a song that tells a story.( usually a four)line stana or 2uatrain

containing alternating four)stress and three)stress lines. abcb, refrain.'lan3 %er!e : consists of unrhymed five)stress lines, properly, iambic pentameters.

cae!ra : A break or pause in a line of poetry dictated usually by the natural system of thelanguage.

co#let : two successive rhyming lines.

dactyl : a metrical foot consisting of one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed ones.

dramatic monolo$e : a poem in which there is one imaginary speaker addressing an imaginary

audience.

ele$y: in classical literature any poem that was composed in elegiac distiches, since the 74th

century it has come to mean a poem mourning for an individual or a lament for some tragicevent.

En-am'ment: running on of the sense beyond the second line of one couplet.

e#i!tle: a poem addressed to a friend or a patron, thus a kind of *letter' in verse.

e#ita#h: Inscription on a tomb or grave. e.g. the one with the lacedaemonians &@Go tell the 9partans, thou whopassest by, >> #hat here, obedient to their laws, we lie.(.

foot: a group of syllables forming a metrical unit, a unit of rhythm.

free %er!e:it has no regular meter or line length and depends on natural speech rhythms.

heroic co#let: nearly always iambic pentameters rhymed in pairs, one of the most common

nglish metric forms.

hexameter: a metrical line of six feet.

iam': a metrical foot consisting of an unstressed and a stressed syllable.

ode : a lyric poem of stana structure, in formatily in tone and style.

#entameter : a five)foot line and the basic line in many nglish verse.

Petrarchan !onnet : Italian sonnet, 78 lines divided into octave &rhyming abbaabba( and thesestet &cdecde(.

6atrain : a stana of four lines, rhymed or unrhymed.

rhyme : echo of sounds that causes aesthetc satisfaction.

rhythm: in a verse or a prose, the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables and the

duration of the syllables. Depends on metrical pattern.

rn2on line: a line of a verse which runs into the next line without any grammatical break.

)ha3e!#earean !onnet: 78 lines in iambic pentameters. #hree 2uatrains and a couplet.


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!olilo6y: a speech often of some length, in which a character alone on a stage expresses his

thoughts and feelings.

)#en!erian !onnet: a sonnet with the rhyme scheme abab bcbc cdcd, ee. it has the couplet, too.

!#ondee: a metrical foot of two stressed or long syllables.!tan&a: a group of lines in verse.

!tre!!: an emphasis given to a syllableof speech by making it louder than the rest of the word,base of stress)based metric system.

!tre!!ed !ylla'le: a unit of a metric foot, the one given more emphasis when said.

tercet : a stana of three lines linked by rhyme.

tetrameter :a line of four metrical feet.

trochee : a metrical foot containing a stressed, followed by an unstressed syllable.

%er!e #ara$ra#h : a group of lines &often in blank verse( which forms a unit.

Analy!in$ literary .or3! :

) .riter7! 'ac3$rond

) hi!torical 'ac3$rond) form : metre5#ro!ody1 rhymin$1 !tana&ic #attern) ima$ery1 fi$re! of !#eech) lan$a$e5!tyle) %aroi! a##roache!1 !ch! a! !trcttrali!t1 femini!t1 arxi!t1 #!ychoanalitic1 etc+

etric feet :

5 8 !tre!!ed 9 8 n!tre!!ed

) ana#e!t : 995) trochee: 5 9) dactyl : 5 99

) iam' : 95) !#ondee : 55
http://www.answers.com/topic/syllablehttp://www.answers.com/topic/syllable

List of Terms B.alexandra (1)

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