List of states with nuclear weapons

7/30/2019 List of states with nuclear weapons

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List of states with nuclear weaponsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Map ofnuclear weaponscountries of the world.

NPT nuclear-weapon States (China, France, Russia, UK, USA)

Other States with nuclear weapons (India, Pakistan, North Korea)

Other States believed to have nuclear weapons (Israel)

NATO nuclear weapons sharing states

States suspected of having a nuclear weapons program (Iran, Syria)

States formerly possessing nuclear weapons (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, South Africa)

There are currently eightstatesthat have successfully detonatednuclear weapons.Fiveare considered to be

"nuclear-weapon states" (NWS) under the terms of theNuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty(NPT). In order of

acquisition of nuclear weapons these are: theUnited States,Russia(successor state to theSoviet Union),

theUnited Kingdom,France, andChina.Nationsthat are known or believed to possess nuclear weapons are

sometimes referred to as the nuclear club.

Since the NPT entered into force in 1970, three states that were not parties to the Treaty have

conductednuclear tests, namelyIndia,Pakistan, andNorth Korea. North Korea had been a party to the NPT but

withdrew in 2003.Israelis also widely believed to have nuclear weapons, though it has refused to confirm or

deny this, and is not known to have conducted a nuclear test.[1]

South Africahas the unique status of a nation that developed nuclear weapons but has since disassembled its

arsenal before joining the NPT.

Contents

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weaponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weaponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weaponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council#Permanent_membershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council#Permanent_membershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council#Permanent_membershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_and_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_and_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_and_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nuclear_weapons_states.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_and_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council#Permanent_membershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weaponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nuclear_weapons_states.svg


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1 Statistics

2 Five nuclear-weapon states under the NPT

3 Other states declaring they have nuclear weapons

4 Other states believed to have nuclear weapons

5 Nuclear weapons sharing

6 States formerly possessing nuclear weapons

o 6.1 Former Soviet countries

7 See also

8 Notes

9 References

10 External links

[edit]Statistics

Weapons of

mass destruction

By type

Biological,Chemical,Nuclear,Radiological

By country

Albania

AlgeriaArgentina

Australia

Brazil

Bulgaria

Burma

Canada

China

France

GermanyIndia

Libya

MexicoNetherlands

North Korea

Pakistan

Poland

Romania

Russia

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

SwedenSyria
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Five_nuclear-weapon_states_under_the_NPThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Five_nuclear-weapon_states_under_the_NPThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Other_states_declaring_they_have_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Other_states_declaring_they_have_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Other_states_believed_to_have_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Other_states_believed_to_have_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Nuclear_weapons_sharinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Nuclear_weapons_sharinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#States_formerly_possessing_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#States_formerly_possessing_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Former_Soviet_countrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Former_Soviet_countrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapon_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapon_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapon_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_warfarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_warfarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_weaponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_weaponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_weaponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weaponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weaponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weaponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiological_weaponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiological_weaponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiological_weaponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya_and_nuclear_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya_and_nuclear_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Saudi_Arabiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Saudi_Arabiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Saudi_Arabiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya_and_nuclear_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiological_weaponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weaponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_weaponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_warfarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WMD_world_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapon_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapon_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Former_Soviet_countrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#States_formerly_possessing_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Nuclear_weapons_sharinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Other_states_believed_to_have_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Other_states_declaring_they_have_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Five_nuclear-weapon_states_under_the_NPThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Statistics


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IranIraq

Israel

Japan

Taiwan (ROC)Ukraine

United Kingdom

United States

Proliferation

Biological,Chemical,Nuclear,Missiles

Treaties

List of treaties

Book Category

v

d

e

The following is a list ofstatesthat have admitted the possession of nuclear weapons, the approximate number

ofwarheadsunder their control, and the year they tested their first weapon. This list is informally known in

global politics as the "Nuclear Club." With the exception of Russia and the United States (which have subjected

their nuclear forces to independent verification under various treaties) these figures are estimates, in some

cases quite unreliable estimates. Also, these figures represent total warheads possessed, rather than

deployed. In particular, under theSORTtreaty thousands of Russian and U.S. nuclear warheads are in inactive

stockpiles awaiting processing. The fissile material contained in the warheads can then be recycled for use

innuclear reactors.

From a high of 65,000 active weapons in 1985, there are now nearly 8,000 active nuclear warheads and more

than 22,000 total nuclear warheads in the world in 2010. Many of the decommissioned weapons were simply

stored or partially dismantled, not destroyed.[2]

As of 2009, the total number was expected to continue to

decline by 30%50% over the next decade.[citation needed]

CountryWarheads active/total

[nb

1]

Year of first test CTBTstatus[3]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_Ukrainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_Ukrainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_warfare#List_of_BW_institutions_and_programs_by_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_warfare#List_of_BW_institutions_and_programs_by_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_weapon_proliferationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_weapon_proliferationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_weapon_proliferationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_proliferationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_proliferationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_proliferationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_missiles_by_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_missiles_by_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_missiles_by_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_weapons_of_mass_destruction_treatieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_weapons_of_mass_destruction_treatieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Weapons_of_mass_destruction&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Weapons_of_mass_destruction&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warheadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warheadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warheadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SORThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SORThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SORThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SORThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warheadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Weapons_of_mass_destruction&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Weapons_of_mass_destructionhtt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The five nuclear-weapon states under theNPT

United States 1,950 / 8,500[4]

1945 ("Trinity") Signatory

Russia(former Soviet

Union)2,430 / 11,000

[4] 1949 ("RDS-1") Ratifier

United Kingdom 160 / 225[4]

1952 ("Hurricane") Ratifier

France 290 / 300[4]

1960 ("Gerboise Bleue") Ratifier

China 180 / 240[4]

1964 ("596") Signatory

Non-NPTnuclear powers

India n.a. / 80100[4]

1974 ("Smiling Buddha") Non-signatory

Pakistan n.a. / 90110[4]

1998 ("Chagai-I") Non-signatory

North Korea n.a. /


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An early stage in the "Trinity" fireball, the firstnuclear explosion, 1945

U.S. and USSR/Russian nuclear weapons stockpiles, 19452006

ATrident missilelaunched from aRoyal NavyVanguardclassballistic missile submarine
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French nuclear-poweredaircraft carrierCharles de Gaulle(right) and the American nuclear-powered

carrierUSS Enterprise(left), each of which carries nuclear-capablefighter aircraft

United States

Main articles:Nuclear weapons and the United StatesandUnited States and weapons of mass destruction

The United States developed the first atomic weapons duringWorld War IIin co-operation with the

United Kingdom and Canada as part of theManhattan Project, out of the fear thatNazi

Germanywould develop them first. It tested the first nuclear weapon in 1945 ("Trinity"), and remains

the only country to have used nuclear weapons against another nation, during theatomic bombings of

Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It was the first nation to develop thehydrogen bomb, testing an experimental

version in 1952 ("Ivy Mike") and a deployable weapon in 1954 ("Castle Bravo"). Throughout the Cold

War it continued to modernize and enlarge its nuclear arsenal, but from 1992 on has been involved

primarily in a program ofStockpile stewardship.

[6][7][8]

At its Cold War height, the US nuclear arsenal isestimated to have contained over 32,000 warheads (in 1966).

[9]

Soviet Union/ Russian Federation

Main article:Russia and weapons of mass destruction

The Soviet Union tested its first nuclear weapon ("Joe-1") in 1949, in a crash project developed

partially with espionage obtained during and afterWorld War II(see:Soviet atomic bomb project).

TheUSSRwas the second nation to have developed and tested anuclear weapon. The direct

motivation for their weapons development was to achieve a balance of power during theCold War. It

tested its first megaton-range hydrogen bomb ("RDS-37") in 1955. The Soviet Union also tested the

most powerful explosive ever detonated by humans, ("Tsar Bomba"), with a theoretical yield of 100

megatons, intentionally reduced to 50 when detonated. After its dissolution in 1991, the Soviet

weapons entered officially into the possession of the Russian Federation.[10]

At its maximum, the

Soviet nuclear arsenal is estimated to have contained some 45,000 warheads (in 1988).[9]
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ristensenGlobal-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Bombahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDS-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weaponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USSRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_atomic_bomb_projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-NorrisKristensenGlobal-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockpile_stewardshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Bravohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Mikehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasakihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasakihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_and_weapons_of_mass_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fighter_aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Enterprise_(CVN-65)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_carrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_carrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USS_Enterprise_FS_Charles_de_Gaulle.jpg


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United Kingdom

Main articles:Nuclear weapons and the United KingdomandUnited Kingdom and weapons of

mass destruction

The United Kingdom tested its first nuclear weapon ("Hurricane") in 1952, drawing largely on data

gained while collaborating with the United States during theManhattan Project. TheUnited

Kingdomwas the third country in the world after the USA and USSR to develop and test a nuclear

weapon. Its programme was motivated to have an independent deterrent against the USSR, while also

maintaining its status as agreat power. It tested its first hydrogen bomb in 1957 (Operation Grapple),

making it the third country to do so after the USA and USSR.[11][12]

The UK maintained a fleet ofV

bomberstrategic bombersandballistic missile submarines (SSBNs)equipped with nuclear weapons

during the Cold War. It currently maintains a fleet of four'Vanguard' classballistic missile submarines

equipped withTrident IISLBMs. The British government announced areplacement to the current

systemto take place between 2007-2024.

France

Main article:France and weapons of mass destruction

France tested its first nuclear weapon in 1960 ("Gerboise Bleue"), based mostly on its own research. It

was motivated by theSuez Crisisdiplomatic tension vis--visboth the USSR and theFree Worldallies

United States and United Kingdom. It was also relevant to retaingreat powerstatus, alongside the

United Kingdom, during the post-colonialCold War(see:Force de frappe). France tested its first

hydrogen bomb in 1968 ("Opration Canopus"). After the Cold War, France has disarmed 175

warheads with the reduction and modernization of its arsenal that has now evolved to a dual system

based on submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) and medium-range air-to-surface missiles

(Rafalefighter-bombers). However new nuclear weapons are in development and reformed nuclear

squadrons were trained duringEnduring Freedomoperations in Afghanistan. In January 2006,

PresidentJacques Chiracstated a terrorist act or the use ofweapons of mass destructionagainst

France would result in a nuclear counterattack.[13]

China

Main article:People's Republic of China and weapons of mass destruction

China tested its firstnuclear weapondevice ("596") in 1964 at theLop Nurtest site. The weapon was

developed as a deterrent against both theUnited Statesand theSoviet Union. Two years later, China

had a fission bomb capable of being put onto anuclear missile. It tested its firsthydrogen bomb("Test
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No. 6") in 1967, a mere 32 months after testing its first nuclear weapon (the shortest fission-to-fusion

development known in history).[14]

The country is currently thought to have had a stockpile of around

240 warheads, though because of the limited information available, estimates range from 100 to

400.[15][16][17]

China is the only NPT nuclear-weapon state to give an unqualified negativesecurity

assurancedue to its "no first use" policy.[18]

[edit]Other states declaring they have nuclear weapons

Parts of this article (those related to section) are outdated. Please update this

article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Please see thetalk

pagefor more information. (June 2009)

Large stockpile with global range (dark blue), smaller stockpile with global range (medium

blue), small stockpile with regional range (pale blue)

India

Main article:India and weapons of mass destruction

India is not a Party to theNuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. India tested what it called a "peaceful

nuclear explosive" in 1974 (which became known as "Smiling Buddha"). The test was the first test

developed after the creation of the NPT, and created new questions about how civilian nuclear

technology could be diverted secretly to weapons purposes (dual-use technology). India's secret

development caused great concern and anger particularly from nations, such as Canada, that had

supplied its nuclear reactors for peaceful and power generating needs. It appears to have been

primarily motivated as a general deterrent, as well as an attempt to project India as a regional power.

Though India maintained that its nuclear capability was primarily "peaceful", it apparently weaponized

two dozen nuclear weapons for delivery by air between 1988 and 1990.[19]But it was not until 1998 that

India tested weaponized nuclear warheads ("Operation Shakti"), including a thermonuclear device.[20]

In July 2005,U.S. PresidentGeorge W. BushandIndian Prime MinisterManmohan Singhannounced

plans to conclude anIndo-US civilian nuclear agreement.[21]

This came to fruition through a series of

steps that included Indias announced plan to separate its civil and military nuclear programs in March

2006,[22]

the passage of theUnited States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Actby theU.S.

Congressin December 2006, the conclusion of a U.S.-India nuclear cooperation agreement in July
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2007,[23]

approval by theIAEAof an India-specific safeguards agreement,[24]

agreement by theNuclear

Suppliers Groupto a waiver of export restrictions for India,[25]

approval by the U.S. Congress[26]

and

culminating in the signature of U.S.-India agreement for civil nuclear cooperation[27]

in October 2008.

TheU.S. State Departmentsaid it made it "very clear that we will not recognize India as a nuclear-

weapon state".[28]The United States is bound by theHyde Actwith India and may cease all

cooperation with India if India detonates a nuclear explosive device. The US had further said it is not

its intention to assist India in the design, construction or operation of sensitive nuclear technologies

through the transfer of dual-use items.[29]In establishing an exemption for India, the Nuclear Suppliers

Group reserved the right to consult on any future issues which might trouble it.[30]

As of June 2011,

India was estimated to have had a stockpile of around 80100 warheads.[4]

Pakistan

Main article:Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction

Pakistan also is not a Party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Pakistan covertly developed

nuclear weapons over many decades, beginning in the late 1970s. Pakistan first delved into nuclear

power after the establishment of its first nuclear power plant nearKarachiwith equipment and

materials supplied mainly by western nations in the early 1970s.Pakistani Prime MinisterZulfiqar Ali

Bhuttopromised in 1965 that if India can build nuclear weapons then Pakistan would too, "even if we

have to eat grass." The United States continued to certify that Pakistan did not possess nuclear

weapons until 1990, when sanctions were imposed under thePressler Amendment, requiring a cutoff

of U.S. economic and military assistance to Pakistan.[31]In 1998, Pakistan conducted its firstsix nuclear

testsat theChagai Hills, in response to the five tests conducted by India a few weeks before. Over the

years, Pakistan has developed into a crucial nuclear power.

In 2004, the Pakistani metallurgistA.Q. Khan, a key figure in Pakistan's nuclear weapons program,

confessed to heading an internationalblack marketring involved in selling nuclear weapons

technology. In particular, Khan had been sellinggas centrifugetechnology to North Korea, Iran, and

Libya. Khan denied complicity by the Pakistani government or Army, but this has been called into

question by journalists and IAEA officials, and was later contradicted by statements from Khan

himself.[32]

North Korea

Main article:North Korea and weapons of mass destruction

North Korea was a Party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, but announced a withdrawal on

January 10, 2003, after the United States accused it of having a secreturanium enrichmentprogram
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10/13

and cut off energy assistance under the 1994Agreed Framework. In February 2005 the North Koreans

claimed to possess functional nuclear weapons, though their lack of a test at the time led many experts

to doubt the claim. However, in October 2006, North Korea stated that due to growing intimidation by

the USA, it would conduct a nuclear test to confirm its nuclear status. North Korea reported a

successful nuclear test on October 9, 2006 (see2006 North Korean nuclear test). Most U.S.

intelligence officials believe that North Korea did, in fact, test a nuclear device due to radioactive

isotopes detected by U.S. aircraft; however, most agree that the test was probably only partially

successful.[33]Theyieldmay have been less than akiloton, which is much smaller than the first

successful tests of other powers; however,boosted fission weaponsmay have an unboosted yield in

this range, which is sufficient to start deuterium-tritiumfusion in the boost gas at the center; the fast

neutrons from fusion then ensure a full fission yield. North Korea conducted a second, higher yield test

on May 25, 2009 (see2009 North Korean nuclear test).

[edit]Other states believed to havenuclear weapons

On October 5, 1986, theBritishnewspaperThe Sunday

TimesranMordechai Vanunu's story on its front page under the

headline: "Revealed the secrets of Israel's nuclear arsenal."

Israel

Main article:Nuclear weapons and Israel

Israel is not a party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Israel has pledged not to be the first

country to introduce nuclear weapons into the region, but engages instrategic ambiguityby refusing to

confirm or deny a nuclear weapons program or arsenal. This policy of "nuclear opacity" has been

interpreted as an attempt to get the benefits ofdeterrencewith a minimum political cost.[34]

In the late

1960s, Israeli Ambassador to the USYitzhak Rabininformed the United States State Department that

"introducing" nuclear weapons would constitute testing and public declaration, and mere possession

would be excluded from the pledge.[35]

There is extensive evidence Israel has nuclear weapons or a
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11/13

near-ready nuclear weapons capability. Israel may have tested a nuclear weapon along withSouth

Africain 1979, but this has never been confirmed, and interpretation of theVela Incidentis

controversial. The stated purpose of theNegev Nuclear Research CenternearDimonais to advance

basic nuclear science and applied research on nuclear energy.[36]

Extensive information about the

program in Dimona was disclosed by technicianMordechai Vanunuin 1986.[37][38]

According to theNatural Resources Defense Counciland theFederation of American Scientists, Israel

likely possesses around 75200 nuclear weapons.[39][5]

Imagery analysts can identify weapon bunkers,

mobile missile launchers, and launch sites in satellite photographs.[citation needed]

In May 2008, former US

President Jimmy Carter stated that "Israel has 150 or more [nuclear weapons]."[40]

[edit]Nuclear weapons sharing

Nuclear weapons states Nuclear

sharingstates Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones None of

the above, but party toNPT

Belgium, Germany, Italy,

Netherlands, Turkey

UnderNATOnuclear weapons sharing, theUnited Stateshas provided nuclear weapons

forBelgium,[41]

Germany,[41]

Italy, theNetherlands,[41]

andTurkey[41]

to deploy and store.[42]

This involves

pilots and other staff of the "non-nuclear" NATO states practicing, handling, and delivering the U.S.

nuclear bombs, and adapting non-U.S. warplanes to deliver U.S. nuclear bombs. U.S. nuclear

weapons were also deployed inCanadauntil 1984,South Koreauntil 1991, and inGreeceuntil 2001

for nuclear sharing purposes.[43]

Members of theNon-Aligned Movementhave called on all countries to

"refrain from nuclear sharing for military purposes under any kind of security arrangements."[44]

The

Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad (ISSI) has criticized the arrangement for allegedly violating
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Articles I and II of the NPT, arguing that "these Articles do not permit the NWS to delegate the control

of their nuclear weapons directly or indirectly to others."[45]

NATO has argued that the weapons'

sharing is compliant with the NPT because "the U.S. nuclear weapons based in Europe are in the sole

possession and under constant and complete custody and control of the United States."[46]

[edit]States formerly possessingnuclear weapons

Nuclear weapons have been present in many

nations, often as staging grounds under control

of other powers. However, in only one instance

has a nation given up nuclear weapons after

being in control of them; in most cases this has

been because of special political

circumstances. Thefall of the USSR, for

example, left severalformer Soviet republicsin

possession of nuclear weapons.

Spare bomb casings from South Africa's nuclear

weapon program

South Africa

Main article:South Africa and weapons of

mass destruction

South Africa produced six nuclear weapons in the 1980s, but disassembled them in the early 1990s. In

1979, there was a putative detection of a clandestine nuclear test in the Indian Ocean, and it has long

been speculated that it was possibly a test by South Africa, perhaps in collaboration with Israel, though

this has never been confirmed (seeVela Incident). South Africa signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation

Treaty in 1991.[47]
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[edit]Former Soviet countries

Belarushad 81 single warhead

missiles stationed on its territory after

the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991.

They were all transferred to Russia by

1996. Belarus has signed the Nuclear

Non-Proliferation Treaty.[48]

Kazakhstaninherited 1,400

nuclear weapons from the Soviet

Union, and transferred them all to

Russia by 1995. Kazakhstan has

signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation

Treaty.[49]

Ukrainehas signed the Nuclear

Non-Proliferation Treaty. Ukraine

inherited about 5,000 nuclear

weapons when it became

independent from the USSR in 1991,

making its nuclear arsenal the third-

largest in the world.[50]

By 1996,

Ukraine had voluntarily disposed of all

nuclear weapons within its territory,

transferring them to Russia.[51]

[edit]See also
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List of states with nuclear weapons

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