List of Abbreviations - Information and Library Network...

Development of Special Economic Zones and its Impact on Labour Rights and Livelihood in NCR

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List of Abbreviations

AITUC All India Trade Union Congress AJIL American Journal of International Law APLR Asia Pacific Law Review ASIL Annual Survey of Indian Law BEPZA Bangladesh Export Processing Zones Authority BoA Board of Approval CEACR Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations CFA Committee on Freedom of Association CL Combat Law CLQ Cornell Law Quarterly EPF Employees Provident Fund EPW Economic and Political Weekly EPZ Export Processing Zone ESI Employees State Insurance FTC Fixed Term Contract HRLR Human Rights Law Review ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade Unions ICRIER Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations IILS International Institute of Labour Studies IJLE The Indian Journal of Labour Economics IJSS International Journal of Social Science ILO International Labour Organisation ILRR Industrial and Labour Relations Review IMF International Monetary Fund IRLJ Industrial Relations Law Journal IADBP Inter-American Development bank Papers ISO International Organisation for Standardisation ISID Institute for Studies in Industrial Development ITUC International Trade Union Confederation IT Information Technology ITES Information Technology Enabled Services JDA Journal of Developing Areas JILI Journal of Indian Law Institute JLS Journal of Legal Studies LAA Land Acquisition Act MEPZ Madras Export Processing Zone NA/NR Not applicable/not responded NCAS National Centre for Advocacy Studies NR&RP National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy NSEZ NOIDA Special Economic Zone OHLJ Osgoode Hall Law Journal PRIA Participatory Research in Asia R&R Rehabilitation and Resettlement RDE Review of Development Economics RIE Review of International Economics RFCTLARR Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and

Resettlement SA Social Action SEZ Special Economic Zone SEEPZ Santa Cruz Electronics Export Processing Zone SIA Social Impact Assessment UPID Uttar Pradesh Industrial Disputes Act


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List of Statutes

Indian Legislations (Supreme) The Employees Compensation Act, 1923 The Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952

The Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948

The Factories Act, 1948

Gujarat Special Economic Zones Act, 2004

The Haryana Special Economic Zone Act, 2005

The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947

The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946

The Land Acquisition Act, 1894

The Minimum Wages Act, 1948

The Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996

The Payment of Bonus Act, 1965

The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972

The Payment of Wages Act, 1936

The Punjab Shops and Establishments Act, 1958

The Punjab Special Economic Zones Act, 2009

The Special Economic Zones Act, 2005

The Trade Unions Act, 1926

Uttar Pradesh Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 Foreign Legislations

EPZ Workers Association and Industrial Relations Act, 2004 (Bangladesh)

Export Processing Zones Act, 1980 (Pakistan)

Export Processing Zones Act, 1995 (Namibia)


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Export Processing Zones Act, 1992 (Nigeria)

Export Processing Zones Act, 1994 (Zimbabwe)

Labour Relations Act, 1985 (Zimbabawe)

Indian Legislations (Subordinate) Employees State Insurance (Central) Rules, 1950

The Employees State Insurance (General) Regulations, 1950

Employees State Insurance Scheme

The Employees’ Provident Fund Scheme, 1952

“Guidelines for Development of Special Economic Zones (SEZs),” Instruction No. 65, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, 27th Oct’ 2010

“Guidelines Regarding Land Acquisition for SEZs,” Instruction No. 29, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, 18th Aug, 2009

Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Central Rules, 1946

The Special Economic Zones Rules, 2006


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List of Cases

A. Sudhakar v. Postmaster General, Hyderabad, (2006) 4 SCC 348

A.R.J. v. Australia, Communication No. 692/1996 Human Rights Committee

All India Bank Employees Association v. National Industrial Tribunal A.I.R. 1962 SC 171

Allahabad Jal Sansthan v. Daya Shankar Rai (2005) 5 SCC 124.

Almitra II Patel v. Union of India (2000) 2 SCC 679

Almitra II Patel v. Union of India (2000) 8 SCC 19

Arnold Rodricks v. State of Maharashtra A.I.R.1966SC1788

Arun Mills Limited v. Dr. Chandra Parshad C. Trivedi (1976) 32 FLR 323

Assam Oil Company v. Its Workmen A.I.R. 1960 SC 1264.

Assistant General Manager, SBI v. Thomas Jose (2000) 10 SCC 280

Associated Cement Companies Ltd. Dwarka Cement Works, Dwarka v. Its Workmen A.I.R.1959SC967

Babu Barkya Thakur v. State of Bombay (1961) 1 S.C.R. 126

Bakshish Singh v. Darshan Engineering Works (1994) 1 SCC 9

Balbir Kaur v. Steel Authority of India Ltd. (2000) 6 SCC 493

Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board v. Rajappa A.I.R. 1978 SC 548

Bank of India Employees Association v. Reserve Bank of India (1983)2 LLN 872 (Bom)

Bank of Madura Ltd. v. Bank of Madura Employees Union 1970 Lab IC 1215

Bhatnagars and Co. Ltd. v. Union of India AIR 1957 SC 478

Bharat Bank v. Employees of Bharat Bank (1950) S.C.R. 459

Bijay Cotton Mills, Ltd. v. The State of Ajmer (1955)I LLJ129SC

Bishambhar Dayal Chandra Mohan v. State of U.P. (1982) 1 SCC 39

Buckingham and Carnatic mills Ltd. v. Their Workers, (1951) 2 LLJ 314 (LAT) Burmah Shell Oil Storage and Distribution Co. of India v. Burmah Shell Management Staff Association (1970) 3 SCC 378 Butu Prasad Kumbhar v. Steel Authority of India Ltd. (1995) Supp (2) SCC 225

Canara bank v. Debasis Das (2003) 4SCC 557

Chartered Bank v. Chartered bank Employees Union (1960) 2 LLJ 222.

Chiranjit Lal Chowdhury v. Union of India A.I.R. 1951 SC 41

Chitat Ng v. Canada, Communication No. 469/1991 Human Rights Committee

D. S. Garewal v. The State of Punjab and others A.I.R. 1959 SC 512

D.C.Dewan Mohideen Sahib and Sons v. Secretary, United Bidi Workers’ Union (1964) 2 LLJ 633

D.N.Bannerjee v. P.R.Mukherjee 1953 SCR 302

Darshan Singh v. State of karnataka A.I.R. 1996 SCC 671

Deep Chand v. State of U.P. A.I.R. 1952 SC 648

Delhi Transport Corp. v. Sardar Singh (2004) 7 SCC 574


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Dharangdhara Chemical Works Ltd. v. State of Saurashtra A.I.R. 1957 SC 264.

Dhoraji Municipality v. Vadher Vasantbhai Sajanbhai, Letters Patent Appeal No. 1047 of 2011 in Special Civil Application No. 14768 of 2010, decided on 06.09.2011

District Programme Coordinator, Mahila Samakhya v. Abdul Kareem (2008) 17 SCC 61

Divisional Manager, Plantation Division A&N Islands v. Munnu Barrick, (2005) 2SCC 237

Dwarkadas v. Sholapur Spinning and Weaving Company, A.I.R. 1954 SC 119

Employees' State Insurance Corporation v. Premier Clay Products 1995 SCC (L&S)162

Eveready Flashlight Co. v. Labour Court A.I.R. 1962 All 497

Excel Wear v. Union of India A.I.R. 1979 SC 25

Faridan v. State of U.P. (2010) 1 SCC 497

G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology v. State of U.P (2000) 7 SCC 109

Ganga Kisan Sahkari Chini Mills Ltd. v. Jai Veer Singh (2007)7 SCC 748

General Manger Haryana Roadways v. Rudhan Singh (2005)5 SCC 591

Georgia Railroad and Banking Co. v. James M. Smith, 128 US 174

Ghaziabad Development Authority v. Ashok Kumar (2008)4 SCC 261

Gujarat Steel Tubes Ltd. v Gujarat Steel Tubes Mazdoor Sabha A.I.R.1980SC1896

Gwalior Rayon Co. v. Asst. Commr of Sales Tax, A.I.R. 1974 SC 1660

H.R. Adyanthaya v. Sandoz (India) Ltd (1994) 5 SCC 737

Hamabai Framjee Petit v. Secretary of State for India (1915) L.R. 42 I.A. 44

Harbhajan Singh v. Press Council of India (2002) 3 SCC 722

Hari Shankar Bagla v. State of Madhya Pradesh A.I.R. 1954 SC 465

Harjinder Singh v. Punjab State Warehousing Corporation A.I.R. 2010 SC 1116

Haryana State Coop. land Development Bank v. Neelam (2005) 5 SCC 91

Hindustan Petroleum Corporation v. Darius Shapur Chenai, (2005) 7 SCC 627

Hindustan Tin Works Pvt. Ltd. v. Employees of Hindustan Tin Works Pvt. Ltd, A.I.R. 1979 SC 75

Hussainbhai, Calicut v. The Alath Factory Thezhilali Union, Kozhikode, A.I.R. 1978 SC 1410

In Re Delhi Laws Act, 1951 SCR 747

J.K.Ginning and Pressing Factory v. P.O.2nd labour Court (1991)62 FLR 207 (Bom)

J.N. Srivastava v. Union of India (1998) 9 SCC 559

Jagbir Singh v. Haryana State Agriculture Marketing Board (2009) 15 SCC 327

Jage Ram v. State of Haryana (1971)1SCC 671

Jaipur Development Authority v. Ramsahai (2006)11 SCC 684

Jitendra Singh Rathur v. Baidyanath Ayurved Bhawan Ltd. (1984) 3 SCR 223

Jugalkishore Saraf v. Raw Cotton Co. Ltd., A.I.R. 1955 SC 376

K.S.E. Board v. Indian Aluminum AIR 1976 SC 1031


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Karishnakali Tea Estate v. Akhil Bhartiya Chah Mazdoor Sangh (2004) 8 SCC 200

Kelo v. City of New London, 125 S. Ct. 2655 (2005)

Kershi Pirozsha Bhagvagar v. State of Gujarat, 2007 Cri LJ 3958

Kesavananda Bharti v. State of kerala (1973)4 SCC 225,

Kishore Chandra Samal v. Orissa State Cashew Development Corporation Ltd (2006)1SCC 253

L. Michael v. Johnson Pumps Ltd, A.I.R. 1975 SC 661

L.H. Sugar Factories and Oil Mills (Private) Ltd. v. State of Uttar Pradesh, A.I.R. 1962 All 70

Lakshmit Precision Screws Ltd. v. Ram Bhagat (2002) 3 LLJ 516.

Lingegowd Detective and Security Chamber (P) Ltd. v. Mysore Kirloskar Ltd (2006)5SCC180

Lloyd v. Brassey (1969) ITR 100 (CA)

M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (1999)6SCC 237

M.C.Mehta v. Union of India (1998) 6 SCC 63

M.L. Binjolkar v. State of Madhya Pradesh (2005) 6 SCC 224

M.P. Admn. v. Tribhuban (2007)9 SCC 748

M.P.Electricity Board v. Hariram (2004)8 SCC 246

Madan Mohan Pathak v. Union of India, A.I.R. 1978 SC 803

Mahabir Tiles Work v. Union of India A.I.R. 1968 Ker 143

Management of Panitole Tea Estate v. The Workmen (1971) 1 SCC 742

Managing Director ECIL v. B. Karunakar (1993)4 SCC 727

Messers Crown Aluminium Works v. Its Workmen A.I.R.1958 SC 30

Motor and Machinery Manufacturers Ltd. v. State of West Bengal 9164 (2) LLJ 562

Municipal Corporation Faridabad v. Siri Niwas (2004) 8 SCC 195

N.B. Jeejeebhoy v. Assistant Collector, Thana Prant, Thana (1965) 1 SCR 636

Nalinakhya Bysack v. Shayam Sunder Haldar AIR 1953 SC 148

Nanbhai Khachar v. State of Gujarat (1995) Supp 1 SCC 596

Narmamda Bachao Aandolan v. Union of India (2000) 10 SCC 664

National Engineering Industries Ltd. v. Shri Kishan Bhageria A.I.R. 1988 SC 329

National Small Industries Corp. Ltd. v. V. Lakshminarayanan (2007)1SCC 214

Navnit kamani v. R.R. Kamani (1988) 4 SCC 387

New Reviera Coop. Housing Society v. Special Land Acquisition Officer and Ors (1996) 1 SCC 731

Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation A.I.R. 1986 SC 180

P. Vajravelu Mudaliar v. Special Deputy Collector for Land Acquisition A.I.R. 1965 SC 1017

P.M.Patel v. Union of India A.I.R.1987SC447

Padma Sundara Rao v. State of Tamil Nadu (2002) 3 SCC 533

Pandit Jhandu Lal v. State of Punjab (1961)2SCR459


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People’s Union of Democratic Rights v. Union of India (1982)3SCC235

Post Graduate Institute of Medical Research, Chandigarh v. Vinod Kumar Sharma (2001) 2 SCC 59

Pratibha Nema v. State of Madhya Pradesh (2003)10 SCC 626

Punjab SEB v. Darbara Singh (2006)1SCC 121

Punjab SEB v. Sudesh Kumar Puri (2007)2SCC 428

Rajasthan State Ganganagar S. Mills Ltd. v. State of Rajasthan (2004)8 SCC 161

Rajasthan v. Ramesh Lal Gahlot (1996) 1 SCC 595

Rai Bahadur Diwan Badri Das v. Industrial Tribunal (1962) II LLJ 366

Ram Singh v. Union Territory, Chandigarh (2004) 1 SCC 126

Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd., v. Sewa Singh (2000) 10 SCC 600

Range Forest officer v. S.T.Hadimani (2002)3 SCC 25

Regional Director, E.S.I. Corporation v. P. R. Narahari Rao 1986 Lab I.C. 1981 Ker.

Regional Director, Employees State Insurance Corporation Madras v. South India Flour mills (P) Ltd. (1986) 3 SCC 238

Regional Manager Rajasthan SRTC v. Sohan Lal (2005) 3 SCC 134

Registrar, Co-Operative Societies v. K. Kunjabmu A.I.R. 1980 SC 350

Roger Judge v. Canada, HRC, Communication No. 829/1998

Rustom Cavasjee Cooper v. Union of India (1970)1 SCC 248

S.K. Maini v. Carona Sahu Co. Ltd. (1994) 3 SCC 510

Saran Kumar Gaur v. State of U.P

Satyavir Singh v. Union of India A.I.R. 1986 SC 555

Scooters India Ltd., Lucknow v. Labour Court 1989 Supp (1) SCC 31.

Senior Superintendent Telegraph (Traffic) Bhopal v. Santosh Kumar Seal (2010) 6SCC 773

Shalimar Tanning Co. v. ESI Corporation (2000)II LLJ 937 Mad

Silver Jubilee Tailoring House v. Chief Inspector of Shops and Establishments (1974) 3 SCC 498

Sitaram v. Moti Lal Nehru Farmers Training Institute (2008)5 SCC 75

Smt. Somawanti v. The State of Punjab (1963)2 SCR 774

Sooraram Pratap Reddy v. District Collector Ranga Reddy District (2008) 9 SCC 552

Sriram Industrial Enterprises Ltd. v. Mahak Singh (2007)4 SCC 94

Standard Vacuum Refining Company of India v. Its Workmen A.I.R.1961SC 895

State of Gujarat v. Mirzapur Moti Kureshi Kassab Jamat, A.I.R. 2006 SC 212.

State of Assam v. Horizon Union A.I.R. 1967 SC 442

State of Bihar v. Maharajadhiraja Sir Kameshwar Singh of Darbhanga and Others (1952)1SCR 889

State of Gujarat v. Hon’ble High Court of Gujarat (1998)7 SCC 392

State of Gujarat v. Mirzapur Moti Kureshi Kassab Jamat, AIR 2006 SC 212

State of Gujarat v. Shantilal Mangaldas, (1969) 1 SCC 509


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State of Madras v. D. Namasivaya Mudaliar (1964) 6 SCC 936

State of Maharashtra v. Dattatraya Digamber Birajdar (2007)12 SCC 172

State of Maharashtra v. Indina Medical Association (2002) 1 SCC 589

State of Punjab v. Jagir Singh (2004) 8 SCC 129

State of West Bengal v. Mrs. Bela Banerjee A.I.R. 1954 SC 170

State of West Bengal v. Subodh Gopal Bose A.I.R. 1954 SC 92

Steel Authority of India Ltd. v. National Union Water Front Workers A.I.R. 2001SC 3527 Surendra Kumar Verma v. Central Government Industrial Tribunal-cum-labour court New Delhi (1981) I LLJ 386 SC Surjit Ghosh v. Chairman and MD, UCO Bank (1995) 2 SCC 474

Suthendran v. Immigration Appeal Tribunal (1976) 3 All ER 611

T. Plantation (P) Ltd. v. State of Karnataka (2011) 9 SCC 1

T.N.Godavarman Tirumulkpad v. Union of India (1997) 2 SCC 267

T.N.Godavarman Tirumulkpad v. Union of India (2000) 6 SCC 413

The Management of Panitole Tea Estate v. The Workmen (1971) 1 SCC 742

The Presiding officer Ist Additional Labour Court, Chennai (2001)4SCC634

The State Bank of India v. Shri Sundara Money A.I.R. 1976 SC 1111.

The Workmen represented by Secretary v. The management of Reptakos Brett & Co. Ltd (1992)1SCC290

Trishala Jain v. State of Uttaranchal, (2011) 6 SCC 47

U. Unichoyi v. The State of Kerala A.I.R.1962SC12

U.P. State Brassware Corporation Ltd. v. Udai Narain Pandey (2006)1 SCC 479

U.P. State Road Transport Corporation v. Subhash Chandra Sharma (2000) 3 SCC 324

Uttaranchal Forest Development Corpn. v. M.C.Joshi (2007)9 SCC 353

New Reviera Coop. Housing Society v. Special Land Acquisition Officer and Ors. (1996) 1 SCC 731

Victoria v. Commonwealth (1937) 58 CLR 618 Western India Automobile Association v. Industrial Tribunal Bombay 1949 F.C.R. 321

Workmen v. Meenakshi Mills Ltd. (1992) 3 SCC 336

Workmen of Firestone Tyre and Rubber co. of India Pvt. Ltd. v. Management (1973) 1 SCC 813

Y.M.Yellatti v. Asst. Executive Engineer (2006) 1 SCC 106

Zaveribhai v. State of Bombay A.I.R. 1954 SC 752


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List of Tables Table No. Title Page No.

2.1 Powers of Inspectors under Different labour Legislations 115

3.1 Comparison of State’s Obligations under Right to Property and Right to Subsistence Recognised in the Constitution 140

3.2 Comparison of Definition of Public Purpose in LAA and RFCTLARR Bill 168 3.3 Comparison of Compensation under LAA and RFCTLARR Bill 179 4.1 Labour Laws in SEZ/EPZs: Inter Country Comparison 213 4.2 Comparison of the SEZs Bill and SEZs Act, 2005 225 6.1 Comparative Wages inside NSEZ (Managers’ responses) 262 6.2 Scope for Improvement of Wages inside NSEZ (Managers’ responses) 263 6.3 Hours of Work in NSEZ 266 6.4 Hours of Work outside NSEZ 266 6.5 Hours of Work of IT/ITES SEZ Workers 267 6.6 Prevalence of Overtime in NSEZ 267 6.7 Prevalence of Extra Payment for Overtime in NSEZ 268 6.8 Amount of Overtime Payment in NSEZ 268 6.9 Prevalence of Overtime outside NSEZ 269 6.10 Prevalence of Extra Payment for Overtime outside NSEZ 269 6.11 Amount of Overtime Payment outside NSEZ 269 6.12 Prevalence of Overtime among IT/ITES SEZ Workers 271 6.13 Incentives attached to Overtime for IT/ITES SEZ Workers 271 6.14 Duration of Lunch Break of SEZ Workers 272 6.15 Duration of Lunch Break of Non-SEZ Workers 272 6.16 Existence of Rules Governing Water or Toilet Breaks in NSEZ 272 6.17 Existence of Rules Governing Water or Toilet Breaks outside NSEZ 273

6.18 Existence of Rules Governing Water and Toilet Breaks for IT/ITES SEZ Workers 273

6.19 Nature of Water and Toilet Rules for IT/ITES SEZ Workers 274

6.20 Existence of Work Pressure among IT/ITES SEZ Workers 275

6.21 Factors Contributing to Work Pressure among IT/ITES SEZ workers 275

6.22 Leave Entitlement Enjoyed by NSEZ workers 276

6.23 Nature of Leave Enjoyed by NSEZ workers 276

6.24 Leave Entitlement Enjoyed by Non-SEZ Workers 277

6.25 Nature of Leave Enjoyed by Non-SEZ Workers 277

6.26 PF Subscription of NSEZ Workers 280

6.27 Receipt of PF slip by NSEZ Workers 280

6.28 PF Subscription of Non-SEZ Workers 281


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Table No. Title Page No. 6.29 Receipt of PF slip by Non-SEZ Workers 281

7.1 Obstacles in Unionisation among NSEZ workers 287

7.2 Managers’ Perception of the Role of unions 288

7.3 Methods adopted by Management to Discourage Unionisation in NSEZ 288

7.4 Existence of Unit Specific Unions outside NSEZ 289

7.5 Obstacles in Unionisation among non-SEZ workers 290

7.6 Methods Adopted by Management to Discourage Unionisation among non-SEZ Workers 290

7.7 Reasons for non-existence of Union in IT/ITES units 291

7.8 Disputes between Respondent and Manager 293

7.9 Dispute between Another Worker and Employer 293

7.10 Occurrence of Cases of Dismissal in the past 3 yrs in NSEZ 296

7.11 Challenge to Dismissal in NSEZ 296

7.12 Occurrence of Cases of Dismissal in the past 3 yrs in Non SEZ Units 297 7.13 Challenge to Dismissal in Non-SEZ Units 297 8.1 Inspection of Working conditions in NSEZ (Workers’ responses) 306

8.2 Inspection of Working Conditions in NSEZ (Managers’ responses) 306

8.3 Inspection of Working Conditions (Non-SEZ Workers) 306

8.4 Inspection of Working Conditions of IT/ITES SEZ Workers 306

8.5 Agency Conducting Inspections as Revealed by NSEZ (Workers) 309

8.6 Agency Conducting Inspections as Revealed by NSEZ managers 310

8.7 Agency Conducting Inspections as Revealed by Non-SEZ Workers 310

8.8 Agency Conducting Inspections as Revealed by IT/ITES SEZ workers 310

8.9 Agency Conducting Inspections as Revealed by IT Managers 311

8.10 Voicing Concerns to Inspectors NSEZ (Workers) 311

8.11 Interaction of Inspectors with Workers (Managers responses) 311

8.12 Voicing Concerns to Inspectors (Non SEZ Workers) 312


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List of Graphs

Graph No. Title Page No. 5.1 Age Profile of Workers Working in NSEZ, IT/ITES SEZ and outside

NSEZ 250

5.2 Ratio of Male and Female Workers Working in NSEZ, IT/ITES SEZ and outside NSEZ

250

5.3 Community wise Distribution of Workers in NSEZ, IT/ITES SEZ and outside NSEZ

251

5.4 Caste wise Distribution of Workers in NSEZ, IT/ITES SEZ and outside NSEZ

251

5.5 Marital Status of Workers in NSEZ, IT/ITES SEZ and outside NSEZ 252

5.6 Ratio of Workers having Migrated over the past 10 years and Working in NSEZ and outside NSEZ

254

5.7 Concentration of Workers inside and outside NSEZ based on their Erstwhile means of Livelihood

255

6.1 Graph Showing Possession of Letter of Appointment with Different Categories of NSEZ Workers

258

6.2 Graph Showing Possession of SEZ Card with Different Categories of Employees

259

6.3 Graph Showing Variation of Length of Employment with the Nature of Employment

260

6.4 Graph Showing Percentage (%age) of Different Categories of Workers inside and Outside NSEZ

260

6.5 Graph Showing Categories of Workers in IT/ITES Units 262 6.6 Graph Showing Variation of Salary with the Length of Employment of

NSEZ Workers 264

6.7 Graph Showing Variation of Salary with the Length of Employment of Non- SEZ Workers

265

6.8 Frequency of Overtime Inside and Outside NSEZ 269

6.9 Comparison of Enjoyment of different Categories of Leave by NSEZ and Non-SEZ Workers

278

6.10 Comparison of Amount of Bonus Received by NSEZ and non SEZ Workers

280

7.1 Comparison of Obstacles to Unionisation inside and outside NSEZ 291 7.2 Comparison of Consequences of Disputes inside and outside NSEZ 295

7.3 Comparison of Existence of Disputes in NSEZ, Non-SEZ and IT/ITES SEZ Units

295

8.1 Comparison of Frequency of Inspections in NSEZ, Non-SEZ and IT/ITES SEZ Units

308

8.2 Comparison of Reasons behind Inability to Voice Concerns to Inspectors as Revealed by NSEZ and non-SEZ workers

312


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List of Charts and Boxes

Chart No. Title Page No. 1.1 Link Between Livelihood and Labour Rights 10 2.1 Classification of Terminations 37

3.1 Livelihood Rights of People Displaced for Establishment of SEZs

127

3.2 Process of Formulation of Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme

182

4.1 Classification of SEZ/EPZ Labour Rights Regimes 213

Box No. Title Page No.

6.1 Qualitative Revelations of Respondents with respect to Wages 264

6.2 Revelations of some of the Respondents regarding Working Conditions Prevailing in NSEZ

273

6.3 Revelation by a Victim of Accident in a Unit in NSEZ 283

7.1 Revelations made by NSEZ Workers Regarding Unionisation therein

289

7.2 Revelations regarding Dismissals in NSEZ 298

8.1 Qualitative Responses of some of the NSEZ Workers about Inspections

307

8.2 Revelations by NSEZ Workers indicating Level of Awareness about Existence of Labour Officials in NSEZ Authority

315

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