Liquid fertilisation€¦ · US$62.7mn to build an integrated food production site in Vietnam. The...

SIMA ASEAN 2017 preview

VOLUME 34 ISSUE 4 2017US$15.00 (UK£9.00)

Exclusive interview with MarkBrinn, managing director of CNH Industrial Southeast Asia,Pakistan and Japan - p24

Enhanced vegetable production with foliar feeding

Liquid fertilisation

Inorganic feed phosphates forimproved nutrition

Minimising heat stress in poultry

Grain storage management toprevent spoilage

See us at the show

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Contents

SIMA ASEAN 2017 preview

VOLUME 34 ISSUE 4 2017US$15.00 (UK£9.00)

Exclusive interview with MarkBrinn, managing director of CNH Industrial Southeast Asia,Pakistan and Japan - p24

Enhanced vegetable production with foliar feeding

Liquid fertilisation

Inorganic feed phosphates forimproved nutrition

Minimising heat stress in poultry

Grain storage management toprevent spoilage

See us at the show

F 21/08/2017 10:18 Page 1

Photo

: Dusa

n K

ost

ic/A

dobe

Sto

ck

Bulletin04 A round up of key developments in the regional market

Agenda06-07 FAO Outlook

Vietnam’s tuna export revenue rises

Hubbard to become a subsidiary of Aviagen Group

Case IH Sugarcane Harvester creates highest harvest record

Events08 SIMA ASEAN preview

ILDEX Indonesia preview

Aquaculture14 Inorganic feed phosphates in aquaculture nutrition

Poultry16 Managing heat stress in poultry

Grain Storage18 Grain management measures to prevent spoilage

Crops20 Foliar feeding for improved vegetable production

Equipment24 Asia’s booming tractor market

Aliphos Rotterdam BV ................................................28

AWILA Anlagenbau GmbH ............................................7

Ayurvet Ltd*................................................................17

Evans Vanodine International Plc ................................23

Goizper Sociedad Cooperativa ......................................5

Henke-Sass, Wolf GmbH ............................................19

IMPACT Exhibition Management Co., Ltd. ....................2(SIMA ASEAN 2017)

Impex Barneveld b.v ..................................................15

Kukje Machinery Co., Ltd. ..........................................23

Meyn Food Processing Technology BV..........................9

Omex Agrifluids Ltd.......................................................7

Stallion Plastics Limited..............................................26

Technical Systems (Pty) Ltd ........................................11

Termotecnica Pericoli SRL ..........................................17

Unipoint AG ................................................................26

VNU Exhibitions Asia Pacific Co., Ltd...........................12(ILDEX Indonesia 2017)

Advertisers Index

Audit Bureau ofCirculations - Business

Magazines

Sustainable genetic resource management

Grain management measures to prevent spoilage

18

11

www.fareasternagriculture.com | FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Four 2017

www.fareasternagriculture.com

Editor: Vani Venugopal - Email: [email protected]

Editorial and Design team: Prashant AP, Hiriyti Bairu, Kestell Duxbury, Miriam Brtkova, Ranganath GS, Rhonita Patnaik, Samantha Payne, Rahul Puthenveedu,Deblina Roy, Nicky Valsamakis and Louise Waters

Managing Editor: Georgia Lewis

Publisher: Nick Fordham

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Far Eastern Agriculture (ISSN 0266-8025)

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Marubeni buys US beef company for US$170mnJAPAN’S MARUBENI HASadded a US beef processorto its portfolio, anticipatinggreater exports to China afterBeijing lifted a long-standingban on meat from Americancattle in June 2017.The Japanese trading househas acquired all of Kansas-based Creekstone Farms, adistributor of premium beef,in a deal worth about US$170mn, including liabilities. With theresumption of American beef exports to China, Marubeni expectsthe country’s appetite for the meat to grow as its middle classexpands.Creekstone, which recorded US$550mn in sales last year, processesbeef for sale to supermarkets and restaurants. It is the 12th biggestUS beef producer by volume and among the top processors ofpremium beef. In 2016, Creekstone processed about 250,000 headof cattle, with about 80 per cent of the beef going to US consumersand the rest shipped to Europe, Japan and other countries.The US company got its license to export to China soon after thebeef ban was lifted last month. Marubeni will aim for sales ofUS$620mn at Creekstone in 2020 by increasing exports to Chinaand other emerging markets. Marubeni has been exportingAmerican beef to Japan for over 40 years.

Easy Bio opens new Thailand officeEASY BIO HAS established a new office in Thailand to provideoptimised solutions to its customers. Besides consulting, Easy Bioalso deals in product solutions like Lipidol, Endo-Power andFermkito. Dr Krit Sapchukun will lead Easy Bio Thailand as themanaging director along with technical services manager JaruwanSanping and business coordinator Amonrat Toolkhuntod.

Easy Bio has been working in the Thai market for a decade and hascontinued to accumulate knowledge in the region and its businessthrough constant communication with its local customers,according to the company. Dr Stevenson Hwang, managing directorof Easy Bio, said, “Opening Easy Bio Thailand is a great resultachieved by strong faith between all the members, local partnersand customers. With this launch of Easy Bio Thailand, we willcontinue to research, develop and provide Easy Bio uniquelyintegrated solutions of feed additives, animal health andbiotechnology, livestock products, all related to Thailand as well asSoutheast Asia. It is both our hope and promise to share thesevalues with our partners.”

Rhone Ma buys new factory for storage in MalaysiaMALAYSIA-BASED ANIMAL HEALTH solutions provider Rhone MaHoldings Bhd has acquired a semi-detached factory at the ExcellentTechnology Park III in Klang for US$1.3mn. Its wholly-owned

subsidiary Rhone Ma Malaysia Sdn Bhd is buying the factory fromproperty developer Klanggroup Development Sdn Bhd, the groupsaid in a filing with Bursa Malaysia. On a land measuring 1,750 sqm, the factory comprises a mezzanine store and a two-storey office.The construction was completed this year.Rhone Ma said that the group plans to use the factory for storage offood ingredients should it decide to venture into the manufacturingof food ingredients in the future. “The acquisition is line with thegroup’s future plans which include the expansion of the existingrange of food ingredients as it allows the group to cater to theincreasing storage needs of food ingredients,” it said.The acquisition, said Rhone Ma, will be financed through acombination of internally generated funds and bank borrowings.

South Korean firm to build food plant in VietnamSOUTH KOREAN FOOD giant CJ CheilJedang said that it will investUS$62.7mn to build an integrated food production site in Vietnam.The new plant will be erected on 66,000 sq m of land inside the HiepPhuoc Industrial Park in Nha Be District by July 2017. It would be the company’s first integrated food plant to cover a widerange of products from chilled to frozen food, rolling out up to 60,000tons of products a year, the company said. Key products wouldinclude Bibigo brand dumplings, kimchi, home meal replacements,frozen food and meat processed products. The plant’s R&D centrewill develop new market-specific products by fusing Korean foodwith local flavours. CJ CheilJedang aims to generate US$610mn infood business sales from Vietnam by 2020. CJ CheilJedang acquired Vietnamese kimchi distributor Kim&Kimand frozen food service company Cau Tre last year. In March thisyear, the South Korean company acquired fish and meat processorMinh Dat Food to expand its footing in the country’s food market.

Vietnam to ban antibiotics in livestock farmingVIETNAM WILL IMPOSE a ban on all kinds of antibiotics in livestockfarming after 2020, and those currently used in animal feed are onlyallowed until the end of this year, said Hoang Huong Giang fromlivestock production department under the Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Development, Thanh Nien has reported.Only 15 among 43 types of antibiotics approved for animal feed canbe used until the end of the year. The rampant use of antibiotics infarming has caused immunity among bacteria and damaged thehealth of consumers due to higher-than-permitted residues.According to a recent survey on 208 poultry farms in Tien GiangProvince, the level of antibiotics used in farming has been detectedto be six times higher than Europe’s standards. Some 84 per cent ofthem are used for disease prevention, said Nguyen Thu Thuy,deputy director of department of animal health. In addition to usinganimal feed with high antibiotic levels, about 72 per cent of farmowners use at least one type of antibiotics directly in the livestock’slifetime to prevent disease or to stimulate growth. In addition to badeffects on human health, the excessive use of antibiotics has causeddirect damage to exporters.

Easy Bio’s new office in Thailand. (Photo: Easy Bio)

Bulletin

FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Four 2017 | www.fareasternagriculture.com

Creekstone is the 12th biggest USbeef producer by volume and amongthe top processors of premium beef.

The rampant use of antibiotics in farming has caused immunityamong bacteria and damaged the health of consumers due to higher-than-permitted residues.

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AUGUST23 - 25 Inagritech 2017 Jakarta, Indonesia www.inagritech-exhibition.net

28 - 30 International Exhibition on Poultry, Livestock & Technologies Bangalore India www.iplexpo.com

SEPTEMBER01 - 03 Agri Asia Ahmedabad, India www.agriasia.in

04 - 08 World Veterinery Poultry Association Congress 2017 Edinburgh, UK www.wvpac2017.com

05 - 09 The XXV World’s Poultry Congress Beijing, China www.wpc2016.cn

07 - 09 SIMA ASEAN Bangkok, Thailand www.sima-asean.com

19 - 21 Livestock Asia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia www.livestockasia.com

27 - 29 Livestock Myanmar Yangon, Myanmar www.veas.com.vn

OCTOBER18 - 20 ILDEX Indonesia Jakarta, Indonesia www.ildex-indonesia.com

NOVEMBER10 - 11 Agrilivestock Cambodia 2017 Phnom Penh, Cambodia www.agrilivestock.net

12 - 18 AGRITECHNICA Hanover, Germany www.agritechnica.com

22 - 24 Poultry India Hyderabad, India www.poultryindia.co.in

29 - 30 3rd Global Feed Summit Bangkok, Thailand www.cmtevents.com

30 - 02 AgriPro Asia Expo Hong Kong Hong Kong www.agriproasia.com

Events 2017


S02 FEAG 4 2017 - Agenda_Layout 1 18/08/2017 16:32

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Agenda

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THE FAO FOOD Price Index (FFPI) averaged179.1 points in July 2017, up 3.9 points(2.3 per cent) from June and the thirdsuccessive month of increases. This latest riseput the Index nearly 16.6 points (10.2 percent) above last year’s level and at its highestsince January 2015. A combination of supplyconstraints and currency movements providedsupport to prices of most cereals, sugar anddairy. Instead, meat values remained steadymonth-on-month, whereas the Vegetable OilIndex edged down.

The FAO Cereal Price Index averaged162.2 points in July, up almost eight points(5.1 per cent) from June and 14.1 points(9.5 per cent) from July 2016. Cereal priceshave risen consistently over the past threemonths, driven by stronger wheat prices and,to a lesser extent, also firmer rice quotations.

The FAO Vegetable Oil Price Indexaveraged 160.4 points in July, down 1.8points (or 1.1 per cent) from June andmarking the lowest level since August 2016.The slide was driven by palm oil, the key

commodity in the Index. International palm oilquotations continued to ease on goodproduction prospects in Southeast Asia andweak global import demand, notwithstandinglow inventory levels.

The FAO Dairy Price Index averaged 216.6points in July, up 7.6 points (3.6 per cent)from June and 74.3 points (52.2 per cent)above its value in July 2016. Despite thislatest increase, the Index is still 21 percentbelow its peak reached in February 2014.While strong buying activity from Asianimporters also underpinned cheese and WMPquotations, SMP prices were weighed down byslack demand and prospects of larger releasesfrom the intervention stocks in the EU.

The FAO Meat Price Index averaged 175.1points in July, virtually unchanged from June.At this level, the Index is 8.2 per cent aboveJuly 2016 and 17.4 per cent below its peakreached in August 2014. In the case ofbovine meat, prices fell due to weaker importdemand in the United States because ofincreased domestic supplies.

The FAO Sugar Price Index averaged207.5 points in July, up 10.2 points (5.2 percent) from June, but still 26 per cent below itsvalue a year earlier. July marked the firstmonthly increase in sugar prices since thebeginning of the year. A strong appreciation ofthe Brazilian real was the main catalyst forJuly’s rebound in sugar quotations, althoughgenerally favourable weather aided the harvestin Brazil, the world’s largest supplier, as wellas crop development in Thailand and India.

THE VIETNAM ASSOCIATION of Seafood Exporters and Producers (VASEP) has

stated that Vietnam’s tuna export turnover rose 21 percent year-on-year to hit

US$271mn in the first half of 2017.

Vietnam exports tuna to 97 countries and territories across the globe, the

major markets being the US, the EU, Israel, ASEAN, Japan, Canada, China and

Mexico. Those countries accounted for 88 per cent of total tuna export value

in the first six months. Tuna shipments to Mexico is reported to have risen by

125 per cent, with the country surpassing Canada and China to become

Vietnam’s sixth largest tuna importer.

According to the VASEP, tuna fillet was the key earner, accounting for

more than 48 per cent of total tuna exports, followed by canned tuna (30 per

cent) and other processed tuna (15 per cent).

However, despite the impressive growth, tuna exports are encountering

difficulties in raw materials and import duties in some key markets. The VASEP

has proposed the government develop purse seine fishing. It has also

proposed that Vietnam reach an agreement with the EU on a quota for tuna

exports to the market and reduced tariffs on tuna exports to Japan to 0 per

cent, to improve the competitiveness of Vietnamese products.

Tuna fillet was the key earner in exports.(Photo: Yotrakbutda/Adobe Stock)

FAO Food Outlook

AVIAGEN GROUP ANNOUNCED it has signed an agreement topurchase Hubbard Breeders, the broiler genetics division ofGroupe Grimaud.

The agreement between the two companies was signed on 31July and will be concluded later this year.

As part of the agreement, Hubbard will operate as a whollyowned subsidiary of Aviagen Group, under the direction of AviagenCEO Jan Henriksen. It will remain an independent broiler breedingcompany with separate breeding and commercial activities, and willcontinue to be headquartered in France.

“We welcome Hubbard into the Aviagen family,” said AviagenCEO Jan Henriksen. “Hubbard’s diversity of genetic products and in-depth expertise in the different segments of the broiler breedingmarket will greatly contribute to Aviagen's expanding product lineofferings. We look forward to leveraging the full strength of theAviagen group to further enhance Hubbard's position as animportant player in the global broiler breeder market.”

Hubbard CEO Olivier Rochard agreed that the close associationwith Aviagen will add great value to Hubbard’s global customer base.

“My management team and I are delighted to become part ofsuch a world-class organization as Aviagen. We are looking forwardto utilising the strengths of both organizations, particularly in theareas of technology, R&D, production efficiencies and distributioncapabilities,” he says. “We share with Aviagen the ultimate goal ofcontinually advancing the genetic potential of our birds andsafeguarding the security of supply to global markets, which willprofit our valued customers all around the world.”

The two companies will continue to operate and support theircustomers independently, with no disruption to their customaryproducts and services.

Hubbard to become a subsidiaryof Aviagen Group

Vietnam’s tuna export revenuesees 21 per cent rise



7

Agenda

KAUSTOFT 4000 SERIES sugarcaneharvester has set a new record in India afterproducing 146 mt sugarcane in just 3.5 hours.

The 4000 Series has been performing wellwith 100 to 150 tonnes per day on average,with hourly average of 15 to 20 tonnes.

Now Case IH, a brand of CNH Industrialhas helped Krishna Sugars achieve its bestyield to date, producing 41 tonnes per hour.The Indian sugar factory was given a ‘NationalRecord’ award for the remarkable feat at aceremony in Athani, the Belgaum district inKarnataka where sugarcane harvesteroperators and infielders were praised byRamesh Kumar, head of crop solutionsservice at CNH Industrial for their efforts.

Parappa C Savadi said, “The Case IHAustoft 4000 sugarcane harvester is afantastic piece of machinery. It cuts withprecision and speed, which directly increasesthe output and reduces trash content, therebyproviding more profit to the farmers and moreoutput for sugar mills. This harvester isextremely fuel efficient for the kind of work itdoes, providing unmatched quality andreliability. We are striving to make available

more machines for our customers very soon.”The Case IH Austoft 4000 Series was first

launched in India in 2010 and was specificallydesigned for small to medium sized operationsor for bigger plantations with reduced rowspacing, which suited Indian land conditions.Case IH assembles its sugarcane harvesters in

Chakan, Pune. The assembly site is built basedon Case IH’s international facilities and globalstandards, and it operates also an R&D centre.The 4000 Series harvester has become thebest-selling sugarcane harvester in the Indianmarket, recognised for its expertise in providingefficient sugarcane harvesting solutions.

Case IH Sugarcane Harvester creates highest harvest record in India


At the award ceremony at Krishna Sugars’ premises in Athani, Belgaum, India. (Photo: Case IH)


http://www.omex.com/

http://www.awila.de/

Events

8

SIMA ASEAN IS an offshoot of one of Europe's biggest agriculturaltrade exhibition brand SIMA, held in Paris once every two years,attracting over 1770 exhibitors from 42 countries. SIMA ASEAN

has already established itself as one of the most comprehensiveagricultural trade exhibition in ASEAN and is now poised to become akey agricultural trade exhibition in the Asia Pacific region.

SIMA ASEAN Thailand 2017 will be held for the third consecutiveyear between 7-9 September 2017 at Hall 5 and 6, IMPACT Exhibitionand Convention Center and IMPACT Lakeside Muang Thong Thani. It isthe result of a cooperation between IMPACT Exhibition Management,COMEXPOSIUM and the French-based AXEMA. The exhibition willfeature innovations, the latest technologies, machineries and tools for theagricultural sector in Thailand and the region.

Thailand 4.0In keeping up with the world’s fast changing business and technologicallandscapes, the Thai government is promoting the ‘Thailand 4.0’economic development model to transform Thailand into a value basedeconomy and to become a high-income country.

SIMA ASEAN Thailand 2017 aims to be one of the most effectiveinitiatives to promote this model to the whole agriculture industry, toexecute the concept of “smart farming”, to encourage Thai traditionalfarmers to apply innovation and technologies into their daily work, toenhance the productivity and to add value to products and services tomeet global certified standards.

Dr Waraporn Prompoj, deputy director-general of the Department ofAgriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives said, “This year, theMinistry of Agriculture and Cooperatives is driving the 20-year strategy tobe in line with the Thailand 4.0 era. The ministry is pleased to be theco-organiser of SIMA ASEAN Thailand 2017. Outstanding researches andagro-innovations have been collected from the Department of Agricultureto be exhibited at the fair. The innovations and researches include anautomatic fertiliser dispenser; research on high protein soybean varieties;research to study a new variety of potato; research on microbialpesticides; a study on organic fertiliser obtained from aerated compost;and innovations in harvesting. SIMA ASEAN Thailand is definitely theplatform to exchange ideas and technology to develop domesticagriculture and better enable us to reach the agriculture 4.0 era.”

In line with ‘Thailand 4.0’, SIMA ASEAN 2017 will be a catalyst tostrengthen Thai agriculture with the utilisation of advanced innovationand technologies. In the 2016, SIMA ASEAN received the ‘HighestGrowth of Space Expansion’ award from the Thailand Convention andExhibition Bureau (TCEB). The 2017 edition of the show also hassupport from TCEB under the ASEAN Rising Trade Show (ART)programme for 2017. In addition, SIMA ASEAN has also earned thestatus of "UFI Approved Event," after meeting its rigid criteria and

The show will feature the latestinnovations in agri-machinery.

(Photo: SIMA ASEAN)


SIMA ASEAN Thailand 2017 focuses onmachines, technologies and innovationsthat are best suited for the agricultural

practices and environment in Thailand andthe ASEAN region.

To be held from 7-9 September 2017, SIMA ASEAN 2017, which aims to contributeto the Thai government’s ‘Thailand 4.0’ economic development model, will showcasethe latest innovations in the agri-machinery sector.

Converging theagri-machinery sector

S03 FEAG 4 2017 - Sima_Microbiome_Indo Livestock_Layout 1 21/08/2017 06:12

9

requirements. According to the organisers, these two accolades serve asa quality guarantee for exhibitors and visitors to participate at theexhibition, while reaffirming SIMA ASEAN’s position as the mostinternational and largest agribusiness trade show in Thailand. Withstrong support from key industry organisations and associations fromThailand and the region, the organisers are confident that the thirdedition this year will better fulfill the needs of the industry.

Jaruwan Suwannasart, director of exhibitions and events, ThailandConvention and Exhibition Bureau (TCEB) said, “TCEB delighted to beone of the main supporters of SIMA ASEAN Thailand 2017. Our missionis to promote and develop the MICE industry. This year, TCEB hadselected SIMA ASEAN Thailand 2017 as one of the ASEAN Rising TradeShow (ART) campaign under food and agriculture sector for the secondconsecutive years. We expect that the show would attract over 20,000MICE travelers including visitors and exhibitors from domestic andinternational and generate around 160 mn baht to the Thai economyfrom direct spending of international trade participants which willmotivate Thailand’s economy to greater development, set to be anagriculture hub in ASEAN."

Special highlights SIMA ASEAN 2017 will host an outdoor demonstration area showcasingleading agriculture machinery brands, live in action on real terrain.Another key highlight this year is the Drone Pavilion and Workshopwhere the industry’s leading experts will take participants through all theaspects of agricultural aerial technology. Also part of the show is theInnovative Agricultural Exhibition by the Ministry of Agriculture andCooperatives and Kasetsart University, which will bring special showcaseof innovations and the latest technology to promote knowledge anddevelopment of the Thai agricultural sector’s potential to produce andmanage agricultural products that meet international standards.

A seminar on Thai Agricultural Innovations Driving Thailand to 4.0Era, will also be held to improve the capability of the Thai farmers toincrease the yield as well as expand their business network in theinternational arena.

Facilitating countries' access to global markets Sajid Huseni, assistant director, Trade Exhibition Department, IMPACTExhibition Management said, “SIMA ASEAN Thailand 2017 focuses onmachines, technologies and innovations that are best suited for theagricultural practices and environment in Thailand and the ASEANregion. More than 400 brands from over 20 countries in the world willtake part in this event. Moreover, national pavilions from severalcountries, including China, Japan and Turkey, will help increaseeconomic cooperation and improve the agricultural industry in ASEAN,facilitating countries’ access to global markets.” �

More than 400 brands from over 20 countries are expected to take part inthis event. (Photo: SIMA ASEAN)

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Events

ILDEX Indonesia 2017, which will take place in Jakarta on 18-20 October 2017 aims to createopportunities for international players to tap into Indonesia’s booming livestock sector.

INDONESIA IS ONE of the largest economiesin Southeast Asia. With a hugedemographic and strong income growth

prospects, the middle class is set to become aprominent force in the country. The countrypresents investors with an ideal balancebetween a booming demand for livestockproducts and an abundance of agricultural andnatural resources. As Southeast Asia’s largestcountry (and the world’s fourth most populousat about 250 million people), Indonesia haswitnessed a major boom in demand forlivestock products such as red meat, milk, eggsand beef and cattle, which the IndonesianMinistry of Agriculture is more focused onstrengthening at the moment.

“This effort is the government’s commitmentin pursuing self-sufficiency of cattle production,targeted by Indonesian President Joko Widodo,to be reached in 2026. This effort is also tobecome an independent country in terms of thefulfilment of livestock products, and at thesame time, to improve the welfare of farmers,”said the minister of agriculture. The minister oftrade also stated that Indonesia should be self-sufficient on livestock and be able to exportthese products. “The welfare of farmers isrising, and the poverty rate is decreasing. Thatis the government’s target,” he said.

An international platformILDEX Indonesia 2017, an internationallivestock show hosted by VNU ExhibitionsAsia Pacific (VNUEAP) and FederasiMasyarakat Perunggasan Indonesia (FMPI)will tap into Indonesia's booming livestockindustry. It is the third edition of its kindfocusing on international livestock, dairy, meatprocessing and aquaculture. It will take placeat the Jakarta International Expo (JIExpo) in

Hall D1 & D2, Jakarta, Indonesia on 18-20October 2017.

More than 8,000 trade visitors areexpected to participate and interact with 250international brands. The show will featurethree industry zones – feed and animalhealth, feed milling and farm equipment andgenetics, breeding and processing. Theexhibition will also present two countrypavilions (China and South Korea) and aspecial pavilion for pet food.

Panadda Atthakowit, head of CompetenceCentre Livestock of VNUEAP said that,“Indonesia represents 40 per cent of ASEAN’stotal population and middle-incomeeconomies. It also represents a growingdomestic and regional consumer base.”

“With a professional and industry partner,FMPI, we are strongly confident that we canoffer the qualified market place that maycreate value and business opportunities fortoday’s livestock market. At ILDEX Indonesia,visitors will be able to meet many topcompanies such as Big Dutchman, CharoenPokphand Indonesia, Japfa, Famsum, CheilJedang Corporation, Elanco, Emtech and KingTechina,” she added.

Local supportILDEX Indonesia 2017 will feature a long list ofsupporters from the Indonesian government andlocal associations including Department ofAnimal Husbandry (DISPET JABAR), Departmentof Marine, Agriculture and Food Security (DKI),Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor AgricultureUniversity (FAPET IPB), Faculty of VeterinaryMedicine, Bogor Agricultural University (FKHIPB), Federation of Indonesia Poultry Society,Indonesia Layer Farmer Association (PPN),Indonesia Poultry Farmer Association (GOPAN),Indonesia Poultry Farmer Association andInformation Centre (PINSAR), Indonesia PoultryVeterinarian Association (ADHPI), IndonesianAssociation of Veterinary Public Health(ASKESMAVETI), Indonesian Feed millsAssociation (GPMT), especially from Ministry ofAgriculture, Republic of Indonesia and more.

Deddy Kusmanagandi, chairman ofIndonesian Poultry Industry Association(ADHPI), said, “ILDEX Indonesia is an eventthe Indonesian people have been waiting for.We inform our members and farmers in ourassociation to come to this event because thisis the right platform where we will meet topquality exhibitors and buyers.”�

Indonesian livestockindustry on focus

10 FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Four 2017 | www.fareasternagriculture.com

The show will feature more than 250 international brands. (Photo: ILDEX Indonesia)

The show will feature threeindustry zones – feed andanimal health, feed millingand farm equipment andgenetic, breeding and

processing.


11www.fareasternagriculture.com | FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Four 2017

Livestock

HARNESSING ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY is crucial to improvingproduction and food security in the light of climate change andfast growing world populations. The Second Report on the State

of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculturepublished by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the UnitedNations (FAO) revealed that livestock farmers and policy makersworldwide are increasingly interested in using the pool of geneticresources to strengthen food production.

However, the report warns that many valuable animal breeds continueto be at risk and emphasises the need for stronger efforts towardssustainable use of genetic resources. Country data shows thatindiscriminate cross-breeding is one of the main causes of genetic erosion.Other common threats to animal genetic diversity are the increasing use ofnon-native breeds, weak policies and institutions regulating the livestocksector, the decline of traditional livestock production systems and theneglect of breeds considered not competitive enough.

Genetic diversity is of supreme inportance in livestock farming as itprovides the raw material for farmers and pastoralists to improve theirbreeds and adapt livestock populations to changing environments andchanging demands. “Genetic diversity is a prerequisite for adaptation inthe face of future challenges,” said FAO director general José Grazianoda Silva. Among the future challenges predicted are climate change,emerging diseases, pressure on land and water and shifting marketdemands, which make it more important than ever to ensure animalgenetic resources are conserved and used sustainably.

A research project chaired by EPFL on farm animal genetic resources

stated that in the past 100 years, many local breeds have gone extinct.“A reduction of genetic diversity goes hand with hand with a reduction ofthe species’ capacity to adapt to new diseases, warmer temperatures, ornew food sources,” said Stéphane Joost, the project’s chair.

With the rise in global trade in breeding animals and livestock semenfor cross-breeding in the past few decades, the importance of judiciousgenetic resource management has grown furthermore.

The FAO report finds that governments are increasingly recognisingthe importance of sustainably using and developing the geneticresources embodied in livestock, with many countries investing heavilyin building shared information systems and gene banks as securitymeasures. However, there is still a long way to go especially indeveloping countries imports of genetic material have been embraced asa way to enhance productivity . Experts suggest that regionalcollaborations like the new European Gene Bank Network (EUGENA) arekey to managing and improving breeds in the future.�

Sustainable management of animal geneticresources and animal biodiversity holds key toachieving improved livestock production.

Towards sustainable geneticresource management

Indiscriminate cross-breeding can failto significantly improve productivity.

(Photo: Oligo/Adobe Stock)


http://www.technicalsys.com/index.php?id=en

S04 FEAG 4 2017 - Aqua_Layout 1 18/08/2017 16:25

http://www.ildex-indonesia.com/

Aquaculture

14

DIETS ARE CHANGING, with more plantprotein sources being used instead offish meal and other animal protein

sources. Since vegetal proteins hardly contributeto digestible phosphorus in the diets, inorganicfeed phosphates must be added.

In an attempt to lower the fish in – fish out(FIFO) ratio in the production of diets foraquaculture because of sustainability issues,use of fish meal (and fish oil) has beenreduced dramatically over the past few years.The FIFO ratio for fish meal is now less thanone for most species and for carnivores likesalmon it can be as low as 0.7.

The increased use of plant proteinconcentrates has led to lower levels of bothphosphorus (P) and digestible phosphorus (dP)in aquaculture diets. Use of inorganic feedphosphates, therefore, has increasedsignificantly over the past few years and is nowcommon practice. On average, their inclusionrate in salmon feeds is close to one per cent.Rock phosphate is the basis for all phosphatesand mineral products containing phosphorus.However, rock phosphate resources are finiteand, depending on the scenario, will becomedepleted sooner or later. And, although only asmall amount of rock phosphate is used in theproduction of inorganic feed phosphates, it iscrucial that phosphates with a high, predictabledigestible phosphorus content are used. In thisway, less phosphate is needed in the diet andless phosphorus ends up in the environment.

According to some models, losses of up to70 per cent are possible in diets for aquaspecies. It is, therefore, of supreme importancethat customers know as accurately as possiblethe phosphorus digestibility, and/or retainability,of the different feed phosphates on the market,enabling an objective choice between differentfeed phosphates. Over the past few years,several trials have been conducted into thedigestibility of feed phosphates. The results canassist aquaculture farmers in making the bestchoice for their operations, considering both aproduct’s economical and nutritional profile.

Role of phosphorusPhosphorus (P) is an essential mineral elementfor all living species, including fish. It is animportant component of nucleic acids and cell

membranes, it also is involved in energyreactions on cellular level (ATP) and inmaintaining blood acid–base balance. Besidesthis, phosphorus is important for the formationof the skeleton (hydroxyapatite) and scales. Ofthe P used in salmon feeds, 46 per centoriginates from marine ingredients, 30 per centfrom plant ingredients and the remaining 24per cent is added in the form of inorganic feedphosphates (Nofima, figures for 2012). Theloss of P from intensively reared fish to theenvironment is also of concern. Consequently,in feed for fish, preferably inorganic feedphosphates with a high and known P-availability/digestibility should be included toensure that P-requirements are met and at thesame time subsequent discharge of P into theenvironment is limited.

Inorganic feed phosphatesInorganic feed phosphates contain a high levelof total P next to a predictable level of bio-available P. The bio-availability of differentphosphates is however not the same, as itappears that the P bio-availability of differentinorganic feed phosphates increases withincreasing solubility, with monobasic

phosphates having a higher digestibility thandibasic or tribasic phosphates.

Feed phosphate trialsGlobal feed ingredients company, Aliphos

started trial work into the P bio-availability ofits feed phosphates for fish in the early 2000s,either as digestible or retainable P. These trialshave mainly been carried out with trout and lateralso with salmon. Phosphates included wereAliphos Dical (dihydrate dicalcium phosphate;DCP), Aliphos Monocal (monocalcium phosphate;MCP) and Windmill Aquaphos (Monamphos,monoammonium phosphate; MAP).

Results into P-digestibility and P-retentionshow that dicalcium phosphate (DCP) has avery low (relative) level of available P of only48 per cent, Monocalcium phosphate (MCP)only reaches a (relative) level of 69 per centwith monoammonium phosphate (MAP) set at100 per cent.

Trial with tilapiaIn 2016, a trial was performed using tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) at the facilities ofSparos, Portugal. In this trial, the P-digestibilityand P-retention of MCP and Windmill

With changing fish diets, the need for inorganic feed phosphates supplements to meet the nutritionalrequirements is growing more crucial. J Zwart, technical manager feed ingredients at Aliphos writes.

Inorganic phosphates forbetter aquaculture nutrition

The increased use of plant protein concentrates has led to lower levels of phosphorus in aquaculture diets. (Photo: Christian Delbert/Adobe Stock)



15

A NEW STUDY by the World Wildlife Fund in Vietnam and Thailand hasrevealed that more intensive shrimpfarming can yield better environmentaland economic results than its extensive orartisanal alternatives.

According to the study, by producingmore shrimp per hectare of land, farmerscan increase production to meet thegrowing demand for shrimp withoutincreasing pressure on the region’snatural resources.

WWF's researchers found that acrossthese two shrimp producing countries,intensive aquaculture operations withpond sizes ranging between 0.5 and fivehectares tended to use land far moreeffectively as compared to extensiveoperations that have larger surface areasfrom five to 20 hectares in surface area.

The study concluded that intensiveshrimping operations often used water, land, labour and energy far more efficiently. In Vietnam and Thailand, in most cases, intensiveoperations yielded at least eight additionaltonnes per hectare.

In addition, the more intensiveoperations tend to use feed far moreeffectively. Intensive shrimping operationsalso reduced the costs of land use bymore than 90 per cent per kilogram ofshrimp. They also made more efficient useof energy, with energy costs that were 74per cent to 89 per cent lower than theleast intensive operations. Intensificationcan also have negative implications aswell such as more concentrated wastes ineffluent and the potential to stress shrimpto the point that disease outbreaks occur.

WWF calls for moreintensive aquaculture


Aquaphos were measured. Purified dietsfortified with amino acids, vitamins andminerals (excluding the mineral to be tested, inthis case phosphorus) were used in these trials.Phosphorus (from the feed phosphates to betested) was added to the trial feeds below therequirement of the fish species, in order toachieve maximum utilisation of the phosphorussource. Controlled recirculation systems wereused for these trials. An indigestible marker wasadded to the feed (ie, yttrium oxide). To enablethe calculation of the P-digestibility of the feedphosphates, a negative control (no addedphosphorus) was also used. Parameterscontrolled were growth, feed intake (FCR/SGR)and feed composition. The stripping methodwas applied to sample faeces for P-digestibilitydetermination. Whole fish and feed weresampled to measure the P-retention.

ResultsThe performance of fish was found to beimproved in case of Windmill Aquaphos. Also,there was an increase in body P-content and aa drop in the P-content in the feces, indicatingboth a higher P-digestibility and P-retention ofthe phosphorus from Windmill Aquaphos.

Based on the results, it is advised to use avalue for P-bio availability of 75 per cent forMCP but 90 per cent for Windmill Aquaphos incase of tilapia and other warm fresh waterfishes. In case of sea bream/sea bass (trial2015; Aquabiotech) 63 per cent for MCP and90 per cent for Windmill Aquaphos isrecommended. For salmonids 62 per cent forMCP and 90 per cent for Windmill Aquaphos.

The value of a feed phosphate in fishnutrition is, therefore, both based on the total P-content and its digestible/retainable P-content. �

Marine port Marine oil Starch Micro-ing Marine port Marine oil Plant portMicro-ingPlant oil Starch

Diet composition; 1990

65.4%

24%

9.6%1%

36.7%

10.9%

19.2%

11.2%3.7%

18.3%

Diet composition; 2013

Aquaculture

The role of calciumCalcium (Ca) is absorbed from the surrounding water by the gills. It is, therefore, difficult to control the total Caintake. Since fish are capable of absorbing sufficient amounts of Ca from the surrounding water, normally noadditional Ca must be supplied via the feed. However, calcium is present in almost all feed ingredients. Therefore,attention should be paid to the Ca/P ratio in the feed. A ratio that is too wide can affect the P-digestibilitythrough the formation of indigestible Ca phosphates in the intestinal track due to the increase in pH after passingthrough the stomach. Therefore, if an additional supply of P is needed, Ca-free feed phosphates are preferred.


https://www.impex.nl/nl

Poultry

16

HEAT STRESS IS one of the most important factors affectingpoultry production: extreme temperatures obviously affect thebirds very much resulting in high mortality rates and in loss of

productivity. Poultry farmers register losses in eggs production as well asa general disease, in correspondence with hot temperatures, typicallyduring summers.

Normally, birds reach the best output, or at least a general situationof wellness, when the ambient temperatures are between 11 and 26°C.As soon as the outside temperature or the relative humidity rises abovethe thermoneutral zone (or comfort zone), the ability of the animals todissipate heat decreases drastically. The practical effect of thisphenomenon manifests itself in a series of symptoms more and lessserious and evident on the animals.

Feed intake and growth rateThere is a negative relationship between temperature and the amount offeed eaten. The reduced intake of energy is often associated with alimited growth. When birds are under heat stress, their bodies react withfeed reduction and when feed consumption is reduced, the metabolicsubstrates and the energy useful for metabolism are also limited withpositive consequences in heat production.

Egg productionSome studies show that eggs production reduces by up to eight per centwhen temperatures rise from 21 to 32°C.

In the specific case of laying hens, the physiological data registeredin condition of heat stress have a particular importance in the eggquality parameters: the reduction of egg size and the reduced shellthickness and rigidity (internal and external).

Male fertilityA study was conducted to examine the effect of high temperatures onmale chicken fertility: semen volume was reduced by 50 per centcompared to males exposed to 21°C. Fertility was also reduced by 28per cent under heat stress that underline the importance of alleviatingheat stress in males, particularly during the breeding season.

Carcass qualityLong exposure to heat stress (33°C) may lead to the tearing of skinduring the process of defeathering. Other problems, such as bloodretention in the carcass, muscle stiffness and dark pigmentation may alsoarise from exposure to heat stress prior to slaughter. These problems aremore prevalent in females than in males, this explains why female carcassesare, in many cases, of low quality during the hot months of the year.

Furthermore, the physical changes occurring in the carcass underheat stress can also affect the chemical composition of the meat withparticular reference to protein and fat.

Minimising heat stressThere are many different ways to minimise the heat stress. In general,this goal can be achieved through proper equipment, with a right feedingand with abundant water administration.

Air movement is one of the most effective solutions for refreshing theshed during the hot period: air flow eliminates excessive heat from theanimal producing a “windchill effect.” It also ensures the proper supplyof oxygen and eliminates metabolic substances such as moisture,ammonia and carbon dioxide.

Beat the heat

Heat stress can drasticallyimpact the productivity of birds.

(Photo: Pipicato/Shutterstock)


Normally, birds reach the best output, orat least a general situation of wellness,

when the ambient temperatures arebetween 11 and 26°C.

Climate control can help to reduce the detrimentaleffects of heat stress on poultry production.

S05 FEAG 4 2017 - Poultry_Livestock_Layout 1 21/08/2017 08:16

17

Italian company, Termotecnica Pericoli has developed a range ofproducts that addresses the problem of excessive heat and relieves heatstress in poultry. The company produces a range of exhaust fans thatachieve excellent – and certified – performances with regard to efficiencyand energy consumption.

The fans are available in both the standard wall version – in differentmodels and sizes – and in the conical one.

Termotecnica Pericoli’s evaporative cooling pad, PERIcool, is anotherproduct that can help to reduce heat stress. It is manufactured in Italythrough a highly automated process and by using special odourlessresins. “Based on the simple physical principle of adiabatic cooling, it isthe perfect combination between ease of use, reliability and lowoperating costs, making it an ideal solution for the problem of excessiveheat in large environments,” the company commented. �

Exhaust fans help to induce air movement in the farm and hence improve air flow. (Photo: Pericoli)



http://www.pericoli.com/

http://www.ayurvet.com/

Grain Storage

18

GRAIN SPOILAGE IS one of the biggestrisks involved in storing grain. Withoutproper management, grain can quickly

deteriorate, leading to huge losses. There aremany, often interrelated, factors that contributeto grain spoilage. The most important ones aremoisture content, grain temperature, aeration,initial condition of the grain and insects andmoulds. Grain changes both chemically andphysically during storage and this warmer,wetter grain respires in storage bins, creatingmore moisture. This extra moisture and heatproduced leads to hotspot development,mycotoxin development, and mould growth,which can lead to grain spoilage. However,with a comprehensive grain managementprogramme, the risks associated with grainstorage can be mitigated.

Moisture and temperature Managing moisture content and temperature iscrucial to the safe storage of grain. While the

ideal temperature for storing grain andpreventing mould and insect growth is between25°F and 60°F, these storage temperatures canbe hard to maintain in warmer climatic zones.Since the incidence of grain spoilage tends tobe higher in warmer climates, the need fortemperature control is also more important.

Farmers should monitor temperature andmoisture content frequently to ascertain that thegrain remains cool and dry. Experts recommendthat grain samples should be analysed toevaluate grain health once every two weeks.

The temperature in the bins should beconstantly measured and tracked, and drasticchanges, in the range of 5.5 °C or 10 °F per

week, should be noted as extreme temperaturechanges that will lead to the development ofmould and hotspots or spoilage. It is estimatedthat each 10 degrees increase of the graintemperature will reduce the allowable storagetime by about 50 per cent.

Maintaining grain temperatures at or below60°F helps to control insect activity.

Apart from monitoring grain temperature,farmers should also measure moisture contentof the grain regularly. When the graintemperature increases, it has to be ensuredthat moisture content of the grain decreasesbecause this could otherwise lead to mouldgrowth and grain deterioration.

AerationAeration is critical to maintaining optimumgrain temperature and to keep temperaturesequalised. Wet grains respire and emit heat,thereby creating the need to regulate graintemperatures by moving cool air through the

A few careful grain managementchoices can help to avoidspoilage and improve the healthof the grain.

Preventing grain spoilage

The temperature in grain storagebins should be constantly regulated.

(Photo: wakr10/Adobe Stock)


Properly aerated graincan be safely held aboutfour times longer than

non-aerated grain.


Grain Storage

19

grain storage bins. Aeration also helps to slowmould growth by reducing grain temperatureand moisture concentration. Studies haveconcluded that properly aerated grain can besafely held about four times longer than non-aerated grain.

Differences in grain temperatures in storagebins often create convection currents that moveand concentrate moisture in the bin. Moisturealso moves by vapour diffusion from warmer tocooler areas in the bin. This moisturemovement or moisture migration, which oftenleads to grain spoilage, can be checked byproper aeration. Moisture movement problemscan be controlled by keeping graintemperatures equalised within 10 to 15°F ofthe average outside air temperature.

Aeration is also vital in cooling grain fromharvest or summer storage temperatures. Ifgrain is not properly cooled for storage, it cancause moisture to move to the cooler areas ofthe bin along the sidewall, leading to spoilage.It is recommended that the grains be aeratedas soon as they are placed into storage. Whengrain from a dryer is cooled in a storage bin,the cooling should be completed within four tosix hours. Warm grain in a bin can quicklyescalate to spoilage.

Stored grain management is thereforecrucial to prevent grain spoilage and to ensuregrain health. A well-designed storage systemwith adequate aeration capacity, maintaining

the optimum moisture content and temperatureof the grain and constant regulation of graincondition are the basic steps towards achievingbetter grain storage. �

Grain has to be cooled before storage. (Photo: Juice Images/Adobe Stock)



https://www.henkesasswolf.de/

Crops

20

RICH VOLCANIC SOIL, ample rainfalland an equitable climate are the coreadvantages of growing vegetable crops

in the tropical highlands. However, thenaturally high soil fertility of upland soils in thetropics is not enough on its own is satisfy thenutrient demands of fast growing vegetablecrops. Fertiliser application is a crucially importantcomponent of any cultivation schedule.

Whether it be leaf crops (head cabbage,kale, pak choy and lettuce); fruit crops(tomato, sweet pepper, cucumber, aubergine);or root crops (potato, carrot, onion and garlic),the spray application of soluble nutrients is themost efficient and targeted way of satisfyingthe nutritional needs of vegetable crops. Foliarfeeding using soluble products is almost twiceas effective in getting nutrients into a plant

compared with the equivalent amount appliedas base fertiliser to the soil.

South and Southeast Asia is home to thehighest concentration of upland vegetablecultivation in the world. Large expanses ofvegetable crops are grown in upland areas ofmany countries including Sri Lanka, Thailand,Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines, but not allgrowers are sold on the benefits of foliar feeding.Some growers remain unconvinced, not somuch on efficiency but effectiveness given thehigh rainfall and humidity conditions typicallyexperienced at high altitudes in the tropics.

Allaying farmer’s fearsThe first and foremost concern amongstgrowers relates to the assumed wash-off effectsof frequent and intense rainfall on soluble

nutrients deposited by spraying on foliarsurfaces. However, an important

component of the high

performance of foliar sprays of solublenutrients is the speed with which theindividual ions (eg, NO3-, Ca2+ and Zn2+)pass into the plant and integrate into themetabolism. Provided the foliar spraying takesplace during a suitably dry weather window,the nutrients will have sufficient time to maketheir way into the plant.

Once inside they are safe and available foruse, unlike soil-applied solid fertiliser that issubject to continual solubilisation and leachingfrom the soil. It is worth pointing out thatamounts of solid fertiliser applied to soil,compared with soluble nutrients applied byfoliar spraying, is necessarily large preciselybecause of continual solubilisation andleaching with comparatively little taken upfrom the soil and used by the plant roots.

Other fears raised by vegetable growers inthe tropical highlands relate to the incidenceand intensity of foliar disease that is invariablyhigher due to rainfall and cloud covercombining to cause long periods of leaf surfacewetness and high relative humidity. Growersmay fear that foliar sprays of soluble nutrientswill aggravate existing disease problems due

Foliar feeding using soluble products is an effective method of providing nutrients toa plant. Dr Terry Mabbet reports on how foliar feeding can improve the production ofupland vegetables.

Improved upland vegetableproduction with foliar feeding

Brassica crops respond well to foliar feeding. The large broad leaves provide ideal targets for efficient interception of spray droplets. Mature brassica crops also respond well to mechanical harvesting as shown in the picture. (Photo: Omex)


S06 FEAG 4 2017 - Foliar_Tractor_Layout 1 18/08/2017 16:07

Crops

21

to the extra volumes of water spread over theplant surface and which may in turn raiserelative humidity especially inside the canopy.And also from the nutrients, which somegrowers say provide nutritional boosts for thefungal or bacterial pathogens.

There is no evidence to suggest anypromotional effect of sprayed nutrients on thegrowth and activity of plant pathogens underfield conditions however plausible it may at firstseem. On the contrary, the fungicidal effects of anumber of ions including Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+ andMn2+ are well established. Indeed Cu2+, albeitat much higher levels than is used formicronutrient sprays, is the active principle ofcontact, protectant copper fungicides such ascuprous oxide which is used commercially fordisease control on most mainstream vegetablecrop throughout the world.

Crop insurance and reassuranceGrowers still worried about the effects andconsequences of spraying large volumes ofwater over foliage already well wetted bynatural rainfall can always employ reducedvolume spraying techniques. By using shouldermounted (knapsack) mistblowers, growers cancover a typical tomato crop with 30 to 50 l/haand even less (5 to 10 l/ha) by employinghand-held fan-assisted sprayers (atomisers) orspinning-disc (CDA – controlled dropletapplication) sprayers. This represents amassive reduction on the 450+ l/ha requiredto spray the same crop of tomatoes using astandard high volume, hydraulic, lever-operated knapsack sprayer.

Crop surface coverage with a discretedistribution of small droplets achieved byreduced volume spraying lowers the risk ofrun-off onto the soil and also provides a muchquicker drying deposit. Rapid drying of spraydeposits reduces and removes the presence ofthe free water and high humidity conditionsthat encourage many foliar infecting microbialpathogens, while increasing deposit resistanceto wash off by any subsequent rainfall.Growers requiring even more reassurance canalways tank mix soluble nutrient and fungicideformulations providing there are no issuesaround chemical compatibility.

Ultimate insurance is the cultivation ofvegetables under open-sided plastic covers thateliminates the effects of direct natural rainfall,but even this has its own risks and dangersrelated to disease. Diseases suffered by thesame vegetable crop grown at various elevationsin the tropics are often very different. Early blightcaused by the fungus Alternaria solani is thedisease that most often devastates tomato cropsgrown in the lowland tropics, while for tomatoesin the tropical highlands, late blight caused bythe fungus-like pathogen Phytophthora

infestans is the major disease problem. However, growing vegetables under open-

sided plastic covers in the tropics irrespective ofelevation can create its own disease problems,primarily caused by increased humidity levelsdue to reduced air-flow. When cultivation undercovers caught on in Trinidad (West Indies) some40 years ago, tomato crops became infected byFulvia fulva a fungal pathogen causing leafmould disease which had rarely if ever beenencountered on this Caribbean island.

Foliar feeding solutionsTo obtain a deeper insight into the advantagesand benefits of using foliar feeding, even underthe ultra-high rainfall conditions typicallyexperienced in the tropical highlands, I spokewith Peter Prentis and Alan Lowes at OmexAgrifluids in the United Kingdom. OmexAgrifluids is a leading designer andmanufacturer of soluble nutrient products ascustom-designed, soluble liquid and solublepowder formulations and used on vegetablecrops throughout the world.

“By failing to use foliar-applied solublenutrients growers are denying themselves theopportunity to use a range of specialised solubleproducts with plant growth and developmentbenefits,” said managing director Peter Prentiswhose remit covers both Asia and Middle East.

I asked Prentis whether growers cultivatingvegetables in the highland areas of south andSouth East Asia have a uniform attitude andapproach to the use of foliar feeding under thehigh rainfall conditions typically experienced.“No,” said Prentis who compares growers in SriLanka and the Cameron Highlands ofMalaysia, who freely use foliar feeding, and

those at Benquet north of Manila in thePhilippines growing a range of potatoes,tomatoes and leeks but who shy away fromusing sprays of soluble nutrients.

I asked Prentis why this was so. “Simplybecause they believe it encourages foliardisease, although there is no scientificevidence to support this view and contrary tohighly successful use of foliar feeding in otherAsian upland regions. Vegetable growers whoavoid foliar feeding are missing out on a rangeof key plant nutritional benefits simply becausethe specialised products which provide themare by necessity custom-designed as solubleformulations for foliar application,” he said,adding how “Omex liquid products contain anorganic humectant/sticker which ensuressustained uptake of nutrients in dry conditionsand slows down wash off during rainfall.”

I turned to Alan Lowes who has a similarrange of experiences with vegetable growers ineast and southern Africa including Kenya,Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. “Ironyof this situation is that in addition to their primaryplant nutrition function many of these productsalso impart disease resilience,” Lowes said.

First on Lowes’ agenda is Omex Bio 20.This is because the product is appropriate forensuring that seedling plants obtain a full rangeof nutrients accompanied by a biostimulantboost, although it can be used on vegetablecrops at any stage of growth and development.“The combination of a full nutrient complementplus a specific seaweed-derived naturalbiostimulant maximises yields and crop qualityof vegetable crops at risk of physiological stressbrought on by high temperature, moistureunavailability and disease,” said Lowes.

Onions undergoing foliar feeding using a low volume shoulder mounted sprayer. (Photo: Omex)



Crops

22

He also mentioned Omex K41, a highlyconcentrated liquid potassium foliar feed usedwidely in the highlands of Latin America.Omex K41 contains very low levels of nitrogenthereby minimising soft leafy growth, thusreducing the incidence of late disease andmaximising translocation of sugars to storageorgans and fruit.

“Omex DP 98 is the classic example of amissed opportunity for vegetable growers whofail to take advantage of foliar feeding,” said PeterPrentis. DP 98 is custom designed by Omex fora high phosphorous content but crucially withpotassium as fully water soluble phosphite(PO3-) rather than traditional phosphate (PO4-).

“Base phosphate fertilisers applied to thesoil are notorious for failing to furnish cropswith sufficient P macronutrient due to factorssurrounding the type, moisture status and pHlevel of soils, ” said Prentis. DP 98 cancrucially ‘step in’ during critical periods of plantgrowth and development with a boost and offera range of other benefits.

Last but not least, Omex Calmax usessoluble calcium (15 per cent) as a corecomponent together with micronutrients andmagnesium. Calmax is a formidable tool formaintaining plant tissue resilience to disease.The calcium in calcium pectate, an adhesivecompound that cements the cellulose walls ofadjoining cells together to form structurallysound plant tissues, performs key roles in cell

division, tissue integrity and the permeability ofwalls separating living cells.

As such, it plays an important part inmitigation against the tissue weakening effectscaused plant pathogens and disease. Forinstance, calcium deficiency is the primarycause of blossom end rot in tomato, capsicumand aubergine which is subsequently exploitedby Phytophthora pathogens. Potato issusceptible to shortfalls in calcium. Calciumdeficiency causes internal browning of potato

tuber flesh and inferior tuber skin strength andfinish, thus increasing tuber susceptibility toinfection by a range of potato storage diseases.“This trio of specialist nutrient and biostimulantproducts (Omex Bio 20, Omex DP 98 andOmex Calmax) are registered in the Philippines.They are crucially important for vegetablegrowers including those in upland regions whomust satisfy the nutrient needs of fast growingcrops while conferring maximum plantresilience to disease,” said Prentis. �

Foliar feeding a potato crop using a tractor mounted boom sprayer. (Photo: Omex)


THE RESEARCHERS AT North Carolina StateUniversity have found a specific gene in cornthat appears to be associated with resistanceto two to three different plant leaf diseases.In a paper recently published in Nature

Genetics, the researchers mentioned thegene, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, thatseems to confer partial resistance to Southernleaf blight and grey leaf spot, and possibly toNorthern leaf blight, diseases that cripple cornplants worldwide.Peter Balint-Kurti, a research plant

pathologist and geneticist for the USDepartment of Agriculture-AgricultureResearch Service (USDA-ARS), identified thatthe gene can potentially help the plantbreeders to build the best traits into the futurecorn plants across the globe, by providingresistance to multiple diseases.However, he mentioned that, the identifying

the specific genes affecting diseaseresistance was a challenge to the team.Qin Yang, state postdoctoral researcher at

NC, added, “This gene also seems to beinvolved in lignin production. Generally, morelignin production seems to be linked to morerobust disease resistance in plants.”

Southern corn leaf blight is a moderateproblem in the southeastern US, SoutheastAsia, southern Europe and parts of Africa.Prevalent in hot, humid climates around theglobe, the disease causes small brown spotson leaves. The spots get larger and eventually

spread to the whole plant. Balint-Kurti saidthat severe infections can cause major cornyield losses.The grey leaf spot is found both in the US

Midwest and Southeast and is also animportant corn disease in Africa.Northern leaf blight can be found in the

Midwestern corn belt and in the Northeast. The disease causes cigar-shapedlesions on leaves.The researchers in the university used fine

mapping approach to identify the disease-resistant gene.Balint-Kurti said that the new-found gene

aims to confer a small but important diseaseresistance effect on the corn plants. “It'sdifficult to see these small effects, but it is alsodifficult for pathogens to adapt to counterthem,” he commented.According to him, the gene is also involved

in suppressing programmed cell death, whichcan be a good defense mechanism againstnecrotrophic fungi like these diseases.A gene encoding maize caffeoyl-CoA O-

methyltransferase confers quantitativeresistance to multiple pathogens or virus inthe corn plants.

The gene appears to confer a small but impor-tant disease-resistance effect on corn plant.

(Photo: Erica Firment/Flickr)

Genes to confer resistance to multiple plant leaf diseases



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https://www.evansvanodine.co.uk/index.html

Equipment

24

Can you tell us a little about the tractormarket in the region? What are the trendsin the industry at the moment?East and Southeast Asia have experiencedsubstantial economic growth for severaldecades, with agricultural growth typicallyplaying a key role. The tractor market is anarea of particular importance for the SoutheastAsian agricultural sector: there is a hope of acontinuous progress in this category for theupcoming years, with positive commodityprices as well as a push for increasingly

advanced mechanisation that are verypositively impacting this sector growth.

As CNH Industrial, we see a lot of potentialfor our agricultural brands in the region, andwe are confident that an increasing shift fromwalk-behind tractors to small four-wheeltractors will soon affect the majority of areas inSoutheast Asia.

Moreover, today farmers are asked toincrease production, by finding new agronomicpractices to increase yield, while making betteruse of the limited resources (land, water,cultivation, etc).

New Holland Agriculture, with itsagricultural equipment and widespreadnetwork of professional dealers, can supportthe progress of mechanisation and increase theproductivity of agriculture, helping farmers runtheir operations more efficiently andproductively – indeed, the above growth trendsdo not pertain solely to tractors but actually toa variety of applications covering everyoperation in the farm.

Which are the strongest markets inSoutheast Asia? What are the key factorsdriving the industry?Southeast Asia is a vast and dynamic areawith a high degree of complexity: very differentcultures, economies, business practices andrequirements.

It is a region with enormous potential, witha variegated pattern of business models: fromMyanmar and Indonesia where we contributeto the governments’ commitment to promoteagricultural mechanisation in their markets, to

The tractor market in Asia is growing at an unprecedentedpace. Mark Brinn, managing director, Southeast Asia, Pakistanand Japan at CNH Industrial speaks to Far Eastern Agricultureabout the major trends in the industry in an exclusive interview.

Catering to a boomingmarket


Mark Brinn, managing director, Southeast Asia,Pakistan and Japan at CNH Industrial.

(Photo: CNH Industrial)

An increasing shift fromwalk-behind tractors to

small four-wheel tractorswill soon affect themajority of areas in

Southeast Asia.


Equipment

25

Thailand, where we have recently changedbusiness model taking over full distribution ofour agricultural equipment through our regionalSoutheast Asia hub in Bangkok.

New Holland Agriculture is a leader in thehigh horsepower tractor market and haspioneered biomass collection. Thailandremains the biggest market in South East Asiafor tractors and New Holland is a leadingWestern brand in this sector with popularmodels including the TT45, TCR48, TT4.55,TT4.75, TD5.110, the 7610 and higherhorsepower tractors.

In Thailand, we are also working onexpanding on this line-up, with a full range ofcombine harvesters and implements, to growthe business of our 31 dealers and to meet theneeds of our customers throughout theregion.With the new direct distribution structureNew Holland Agriculture has strengthened itsability to support its Thai dealer network, alsooffering an improved flow of information, supplyand competitive pricing, which has beenrecently complemented by a new retail financingprogram to making easier and more affordablefor Thai farmers to invest in new equipment.

Can you tell us about New Holland's presenceand its product offering in the region?New Holland Agriculture’s heritage goes backto 1895. In 1927, the company made its firstappearance on the Southeast Asian marketswhen the first Fordson tractor was imported toMalaysia. Since then, it has supported themechanisation of farms across the region,introducing innovative technologies, with aproduct offering capable of meeting thedifferent requirements of growers, as well asthe support and advice of its highly traineddealers and technicians.

New Holland offers farmers a completerange of solutions thanks to the expertise it hasdeveloped in more than 120 years at theforefront of mechanisation and its commitment

to sustainability. It provides a complete productoffering specialising in livestock, hay andforage, small seed crops, orchards andvineyards, including more than 400 models inover 100 product lines globally.

Across Southeast Asia, New Hollandagricultural equipment can be seen at work inmany plantations, where they are used for cropland preparation, harvesting and haulage andgeneral plantation maintenance.

In the region the brand currently has abroad offering capable of meeting the verydifferent needs of Asian farmers, including highhorsepower models and high specificationtractors, widely present in Asia, plus smallertractors for a comprehensive variety ofapplications particularly used in SoutheastAsian territories.

Key tractor models for Southeast Asiamarket are the TT45, for platform loading andhandling, very well suited for in-field collectionin the plantations. The TT4.55/75/90, are aversatitle range from general farm operations tocultivation to haulage, operations all handledwith ease. Both the TT and TT4 ranges aremanufactured India. The TD5 range,manufactured in Turkey, is a popular choice forits high torque value, great day-long comfortand ease of use, while the TS6 from Mexico isthe preferred choice for heavy-duty operations.

Which sector of tractors is seeing thehighest demand and why?The New Holland TT and TT4 Series are apopular choice: indeed they have earned the

trust of farmers in the market thanks to thecombination of maximum robustness,productivity, ease of maintenance andreliability, even in the most challengingconditions. Both tractor series offer a completepackage at a very competitive price.

The TT Series comprises small tractorscapable of taking on big tasks. These general-purpose tractors provide a superb combinationof power and economy, with modern style andgreat dynamics, while the versatile TT4 Seriestractors, are mainly designed and tested fortough conditions.

What are the future plans for thecompany in the region?New Holland has built a solid reputation and aloyal customer base over the years in the region.

Today it remains committed to growacross the region, ensuring the quality of theproducts and the wide range of services thatSoutheast Asian customers appreciate.Particularly, in Thailand, by taking fullcontrol of distribution, New HollandAgriculture is now even better placed tosupport its dealer network, offering directaccess to spare parts and service andensuring an improved flow of information,supply and competitive pricing.

We plan to expand on the current line-up,with a full range of balers, combine harvestersand implements, to grow the business of ourdealers and to meet the needs of our customersand providing the partnership that farmersdeserve in all markets in Southeast Asia. �

New Holland TT and TT4 Series are a popular choice in the region. (Photo: CNH Industrial)


Key tractor models forSoutheast Asia market are

the TT45, for platformloading and handling, verywell suited for in-field

collection in theplantations.


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