MACROMOLECULESLIPIDS

Wednesday, November 5th, 2014Objective: BIO.A.2.2.3: Compare and contrast the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in organisms.

Objective: To describe the function of lipids inside living things

Warmup: 1.) When a group of cells work together, such as in bones, muscles or nerves, they are known as .

a. An organism c. A tissueb. An organ d. An organelle

2.) Sugars such as glucose, fructose and ribose are examples of .

a. Nucleic acids c. Lipidsb. Carbohydrates d. proteins

For the Love of LIPIDS - 12 min

I. Background• Contain a ratio of: 1 carbon: hydrogen:

oxygen(example: C18H34O3)

• Lipids store the most energy of all the macromolecules.

• Do not dissolve easily in water, therefore are hydrophobic (water fearing)

I. Background• Functions:

1) Long term energy storage – last to be broken down

2) Insulation – protects against heat loss3) Protection against physical shock4) Protection against water loss5) Chemical messenger6) Compose membranes

I. Background• Examples:

FatsOilsWaxesPhospholipidsSteroid hormonesTriglycerides

II. Types of Lipids1. Triglycerides

• Made of 1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids

II. Types of Lipids• Fatty Acid Examples:

Saturated – composed of single bonds and H

Solid at room temperature (ex. lard, butter) Generally considered unhealthy and can lead

to plaque build up within blood vessels. However, they are essential for building membranes and acting as chemical messengers.

II. Types of Lipids• Fatty Acid Examples:

Unsaturated – composed of double bonds and H

Liquid at room temperature (ex. vegetable oil, olive oil)

Generally considered healthier

II. Types of Lipids2. Phospholipids• Form membranes in cells.

Water “loving”

Water “fearing”

II. Types of Lipids3. Steroids• Act as chemical messengers in cells• Regulate metabolism (chemical

reactions) in cells• Control development of sex

characteristics• Examples:

cholesterolcortisoneestrogentestosterone

II. Types of Lipids

Sterol “ring” of carbon

III. Check Your Understanding1. Which of the following macromolecules is best

represented by this diagram?

A) Nucleic acidB) ProteinC) CarbohydrateD) Lipid

III. Check Your Understanding2. Organic macromolecules called _____ are

insoluble in water, are often found in biological membranes and other waterproof coverings, and have the ability to store energy for extended periods of time.

A) CarbohydratesB) LipidsC) ProteinsD) Nucleic acids

III. Check Your Understanding3. In which of the following are lipids found?

A) In saturated and unsaturated fats.B) In biological membranesC) In some vitamins and steroids.D) All of these.

III. Check Your Understanding4. Identify the type of organic macromolecule shown below.

A) Saturated fatB) Unsaturated fatC) PhospholipidD) Steroid