Lipids Ch 11, Stryer Short Course. Lipids and Membranes There is a lot of important biochemistry of...
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Transcript of Lipids Ch 11, Stryer Short Course. Lipids and Membranes There is a lot of important biochemistry of...
![Page 1: Lipids Ch 11, Stryer Short Course. Lipids and Membranes There is a lot of important biochemistry of lipids. We won’t cover it all! The key points for.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649f4e5503460f94c704d8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lipids
Ch 11, Stryer Short Course
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Lipids and Membranes
• There is a lot of important biochemistry of lipids.
• We won’t cover it all!• The key points for this class have to do with
their role in membranes and fat metabolism– Fatty Acids– Triacylglyerides– Membrane components: phospholipids,
glycolipids, steroids
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Diversity
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Fatty Acids
• Saturated• Unsaturated• Polyunsaturated• Cis and trans
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Nomenclature
• Counting from last carbon (omega carbon)• Linoleate– 18:2 n-6– 18:2 D9,12
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Fatty Acid Melting Points
• Melting point is higher with tight packing (vdW)
• Effect of chaing length
• Effect of cis double bonds
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Essential Fatty acids
• Building blocks of key hormones
• W-3 and w-6 are essential
• Nutrition: correlation vs. cause
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Triacylglyderides
• Complex lipid: Esterification and hydrolysis
• Energy source– Highly reduced (9C/g vs
4C/g for glycogen)– Hydrophobic: 6x more
energy per gram
• Stored in adipose tissue– lipases
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Membrane components
• Polar head, nonpolar tail
• Three types– Phospholipids– Glycolipids– Steroids
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Phospholipids
• Phosphoglycerides (aka glycerophospholipids)• Sphingolipids
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Phosphoglycerides
• Phosphatidal group: DAG, phosphate
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Different Polar Head Groups
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Sphingolipids
• Sphingosine backbond• Same overall structure—two nonpolar tails• Major function in myelin
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Glycolipids
• Sugars added to sphingosine backbone
• Only on outside of cell membrane: recognition elements
• Single sugar: cerebroside
• Multiple sugars: ganglioside
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Steroids
• Based on ring system• Cholesterol– Polar head, nonpolar tail– Highly rigid– Controls fluidity of
membrane
• Precursor to many steroidal hormones
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Plants
• Plants are a “no cholesterol” food
• Still require a molecule to serve same role
• Similar structure – Structure/function
relationship
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Introduction to Membranes
• Lipid structure makes a bilayer
• Fluidity of membrane: liquid crystal
• Fluidity controlled by cholesterol, tail packing
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Extremophiles
• Archea: branched tails, ether linkages– Increased range of temperature– Stable to hydrolysis– Stable to oxidation
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Introduction to Membrane Proteins
• Reversible Anchoring directs proteins to membrane
• Patholgy– Cancer– Hutchinson-
Guilford Progeria syndrome