Linux Update - CanonicalUbuntu Server - for LinuxONE and IBM z Systemsand more ...

Technical Overview

Frank Heimes, Tech. Lead z, Canonical Ltd.

Ubuntu on Big Iron: ubuntu-on-big-iron.blogspot.de

We are the company behind Ubuntu.

Canonical

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Canonical and Ubuntu | Best of both worlds

Ubuntu

Where is the name Ubuntu coming from?

http://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu

ubuntu |oǒ'boǒntoō|

Ubuntu is an ancient African word meaning ‘humanity

to others’. It also means ‘I am what I am because of

who we all are’. The Ubuntu operating system brings

the spirit of Ubuntu to the world of computers.

London

Boston

ShanghaiTaipei

Beijing Tokyo

2004FOUNDED

700+EMPLOYEES

40+COUNTRIES

Ubuntu Release Naming SchemeThe official name of an Ubuntu release is ‘Ubuntu x.y’ with ‘x’ representing the year (minus 2000) and ‘y’ representing the month of eventual release within in that year.So Ubuntu's first release, made available in 2004 October (October is the 10th month) was Ubuntu 4.10.Since the actual release date is not known until it's ready and humans tend to prefer names rather than numbers, a set of code-names are used by developers and testers during the buildup to a release:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DevelopmentCodeNames https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ubuntu_releases

Adjective Animal VersionWarty Warthog 4.10Hoary Hedgehog 5.04Breezy Badger 5.10Dapper Drake 6.06 LTSEdgy Eft 6.10Feisty Fawn 7.04Gutsy Gibbon 7.10Hardy Heron 8.04 LTS

Adjective Animal VersionIntrepid Ibex 8.10Jaunty Jackalope 9.04Karmic Koala 9.10Lucid Lynx 10.04 LTSMaverick Meerkat 10.10Natty Narwhal 11.04Oneiric Ocelot 11.10Precise Pangolin 12.04 LTS

The development codename of a release takes the form "Adjective Animal".So for example: Warty Warthog (Ubuntu 4.10), Hoary Hedgehog (Ubuntu 5.04), Breezy Badger (Ubuntu 5.10), are the first three releases of Ubuntu.In general, people refer to the release using the adjective, like "warty" or "breezy". The names live on in one hidden location---the archive release name in /etc/apt/sources.list and seen on the download mirror network.

Adjective Animal VersionQuantal Quetzal 12.10Raring Ringtail 13.04Saucy Salamander 13.10Trusty Tahr 14.04 LTSUtopic Unicorn 14.10Vivid Vervet 15.04Wily Werewolf 15.10Xenial Xerus 16.04 LTSYakkety Yak 16.10Zesty Zapus 17.04

● $ cat /etc/issueUbuntu 16.04 LTS \n \l

● $ lsb_release -aNo LSB modules are available.Distributor ID: UbuntuDescription: Ubuntu 16.04 LTSRelease: 16.04Codename: xenial

● $ archs390x

● $ uname -aLinux ZLIN11 4.4.0-23-generic #41-Ubuntu SMP Mon May 16 23:02:56 UTC 2016 s390x s390x s390x GNU/Linux

● $ lscpu | egrep -o '(Big Endian|Little Endian)'Big Endian

● $ echo $SHELL/bin/bash

Facts on Ubuntu 16.04 on IBM z Systems

● $ apt-cache pkgnames | sort | wc -l # binary and source packages ~ 25.000 bin packages⇒50861

● $ apt-cache policy openstackopenstack: Installed: (none) Candidate: 1.0.7.16.04.1 Version table: 1.0.7.16.04.1 500 500 http://us.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports xenial-updates/universe s390x Packages 1.0.6 500 500 http://us.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports xenial/universe s390x Packages

● apt-cache policy docker.iodocker.io: Installed: (none) Candidate: 1.10.3-0ubuntu6 Version table: 1.10.3-0ubuntu6 500 500 http://us.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports xenial/universe s390x Packages

Facts on Ubuntu 16.04 on IBM z Systems - f

What’s new in Ubuntu Server 16.04 LTS● As Long Term Support Release (LTS) supported for five years by Canonical● Runs on all major architectures:

x86, x86-64, ARM v7, ARM64, POWER8 and IBM s390x (LinuxONE and IBM z Systems)● Linux 4.4 Kernel (released in January 2016)● Systemd service manager and init system● ZFS stable, feature-rich file system with snapshot capabilities, provided as native Kernel module● LXD Linux container hypervisor enhancements including QoS and resource controls:

CPU, memory, block I/O, storage quota● Install Ubuntu Core Snaps (snap packages)● Updated packages:

Tomcat (v8), Postgresql (v9.5), Puppet (v3.8.5), Qemu (v2.5), Libvirt (v1.3.1), LXC (v2.0), and MySQL (v5.6), Go (v1.6), PHP (v7), Python (v3.5), glibc (v2.23), binutils (v2.26), GCC (post v5.3.0), apt (v1.2), Nginx (v1.9.15), OpenSSH (v7.2p2) with SSH v1 disabled, Docker (v1.10)

http://www.ubuntu.com/server https://wiki.ubuntu.com/XenialXerus/ReleaseSchedule https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/what-s-new-in-ubuntu-16-04

Ubuntu 16.10 (Yakkety Yak)● Released on Thursday the 13th of October ('10'th month, year 20'16' → 16.10)● Ubuntu non-LTS release● Updates on many core packages, including 4.8-based Kernel, switch to gcc-6, and more● Will not have any point releases (hence there won't be an update installation media)● The upgrade path from 16.10 will be to the next non-LTS release 17.04 due in April 2017● Support includes security and bug-fix updates, and will be available via ‘yakkety-security’ and

‘yakkety-updates’ archives.● Support for 16.10 is available for 9 months● Release announcement: https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2016-

October/000213.html● Release schedule: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/YakketyYak/ReleaseSchedule● Release Notes: http://wiki.ubuntu.com/YakketyYak/ReleaseNotes● Release ISOs: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/16.10/release/● Cloud images: https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/yakkety/current/● Debian Installer (d-i): http://ports.ubuntu.com/dists/yakkety/main/installer-s390x/current/images/

Ubuntu Server certified hardware● IBM z13 (LPAR) Server

http://www.ubuntu.com/certification/hardware/201604-21859/ ● IBM z13 (z/KVM Guest) Server

http://www.ubuntu.com/certification/hardware/201604-21883/ ● IBM z13 (z/VM Guest) Server

http://www.ubuntu.com/certification/hardware/201604-21884/ ● IBM zEC12 (z/KVM) Server

http://www.ubuntu.com/certification/hardware/201604-21885/ ● IBM zEC12 (z/VM Guest) Server

http://www.ubuntu.com/certification/hardware/201604-21886/ ● IBM zEC12 (LPAR) Server

http://www.ubuntu.com/certification/hardware/201604-21887/ ● IBM z13 (LPAR) with DPM Server

http://www.ubuntu.com/certification/hardware/201604-21888/ ● this includes LinuxONE Rockhopper and LinuxONE Emperor

http://www.ubuntu.com/certification/server/models/?query=&vendors=IBM&release=16.04+LTS

IBM z Systems - Tested platforms

http://www.ibm.com/systems/z/os/linux/resources/testedplatforms.html

Ubuntu Server Installation OptionsUbuntu Server for s390x runs:

● ‘native’ in LPAR(on IBM z this is as close as possible to bare metal)

● as ‘IBM z/VM’ guest(a guest aka virtual machine running on IBM’s z/VM hypervisor)

● as ‘KVM for IBM z Systems’ virtual machine(using IBM’s KVM distribution as KVM host)

● as KVM virtual machine on an Ubuntu host(using plain Ubuntu Server as KVM host)

● as Container on an Ubuntu host(using LXD, lxc or Docker)

● on zEC12, zBC12, z13, z13s, LinuxONE Emperor and LinuxONE Rockhopper hardware

● with traditional PR/SM or Dynamic Partition Manager (DPM)

http://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/04/22/ubuntu-16-04-lts-for-ibm-linuxone-and-ibm-z-systems-is-now-available/

LPAR

z/VMKVM for IBM z

Ubuntu KVM host

Ubu

ntu

Ubu

ntu

Ub

untu

Ubu

ntu

Ubu

ntu

Ubu

ntu

Ubu

ntu

Ubu

ntu

Ubu

ntu

U

bun

tu

PR/SM or DPM

Ubu

ntu

LPAR LPAR LPAR LPAR

Ubu

ntu

Ubu

ntu

Ubu

ntu

Ubu

ntu

Ubu

ntu

Fully- or Semi-Automated Installations

One of the Debian installers (d-i) advanced options is the automated install mode via preseed - a combination of special boot parameters and a preseed file.

The (d-i) installer on s390x runs in netboot mode and has two stages:1) the initial stage (before networking has been started in the installer) usually runs at the console2) and the second stage that is usually run via ssh.

Automating the installation can be done in multiple ways: ● Pass preseed keys or aliases via parmfile:

e.g. debian-installer/locale=en_US domain=myhostname● Append complete preseed.cfg to the initrd.ubuntu● Preseed networking information via parmfile, and use url= parameter to fetch the rest of the config

over the network

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/S390X/InstallationGuide/AutomatedInstallsWithPreseed

Preseed Overview

14.04 14.10 15.04 15.10 16.04 16.10 17.04 17.10 18.04 18.10 19.04

Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 5 years

14.10

5 years

15.04

15.10

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

16.10

18 months

17.04

17.10

18.10

Consistent Release Cycle5 years long term support every 2 years

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LTShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ubuntu_releases

5 years

Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 5 years

Ubuntu LTS ‘point’ ReleasesRegular respin and hardware enablement for 2+ years

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases http://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/146

16.04 16.10 17.04 17.10 18.04 18.10 19.04 19.10 20.04 20.10 21.04

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

16.10

17.04

17.10

18.10

The ‘point’ releases ‘ ‘ will include support for new hardware (partly with an updated HWE Kernel option) as well as rolling up all the updates published in that series to date. So a fresh install of a point release will work on newer hardware and will also not require a big download of additional updates.

19.04

19.10

Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

16.04.1 16.04.2 16.04.3 16.04.4 16.04.5

5 years

5 years

With regular updates a 16.04 installation will automatically reach the later 16.04.x ‘point’ release levels over time.

16.04.0

Ubuntu 16.04.x LTS Kernel Support ScheduleThis is a distilled view of the 16.04.x Ubuntu Kernel Support Schedule.Depending on the installed LTS ‘point’ release (like ‘.0’ or ‘.1’), it’s either possible to use the default Kernel up to the end of the LTS life-cycle or the HWE Kernel upgrade path is followed (starting with ‘.2’).

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Support#A16.04.x_Ubuntu_Kernel_Support https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/LTSEnablementStack

Process, Machine, & Application Containers

● Docker runs process / application containers

○ Contains at most one process or “service” active per container

○ Shared kernel, own filesystem/network

● LXD boots machine containers

○ Launches /sbin/init + sshd + syslog + cron + atd + …

○ Shared kernel, own filesystem/network

● Snap provides application containers

○ Packages apps to run on the native system, but secured

○ Shared kernel/filesystem/network

LXD snap

LXD is a container "hypervisor" and a new user experience for lxc.It builds on top of lxc and is no replacement of lxc.

LXD is a daemon exporting an authenticated representational state transfer application programming interface (REST API) both locally over a unix socket and over the network using https.

● Two clients for this daemon, one is an OpenStack plugin,the other a standalone command line tool.

● Secure by default (unprivileged containers, apparmor, seccomp, etc.)

● Image based workflow (no more locally built rootfs)

● Support for online snapshotting, including running state

● Live migration support

● Shell command control LXD

LXD Features

https://linuxcontainers.org/lxd/

Main Characteristics of snap(s)● snaps (snap packages) is an easy to maintain and distribute everywhere packaging infrastructure● snaps significantly reduce the complexity of packaging and providing updates● snaps manages dependencies and compatibility with various libraries● snap handling and processing is atomic, means software updates are "transactional"● snaps are independent of the distribution or it’s release and backed by several Linux distributions● snap is available with Ubuntu 16.04 LTS for all supported platforms, incl. s390x● snaps are independent from the traditional package formats like, deb or rpm● and can be used alongside traditional packages, deb format will continue to be supported● the snap format, designed by Canonical, is handled by snapd, a free Github software project● creating and maintaining packages can be complex and time consuming for ISVs and non experts

it is distribution specific and it’s done rarely (e.g. major releases only), due to the required effort● snaps enable vendors to distribute much faster, more often and broader, allowing more releases● snaps are not only for desktops, but also for server, Cloud and IoT applications● snaps enable (especially Cloud-) vendors to keep track with the speed of the web● snaps are self-contained zip files that can be executed very fast in place● each snap is confined using a range of Kernel isolation and security mechanisms (like containers)● snaps integrate nicely into the operating systems by mounting squashfs ro● snapcraft is a tool for development and the creation of snaps● the snapcore team drives development of the project at snapcraft.io

https://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/06/14/universal-snap-packages-launch-on-multiple-linux-distros/

snap(d)● Prepare for take-off:

$ sudo apt-get install snapd● Sure, also for s390x:

$ dpkg -l snapd | grep snapdii snapd 2.0.9 s390x Tool to interact with Ubuntu Core Snappy.

● What’s there by default to try out?$ snap find .Name Version Developer Notes Summaryab 1.0 snappy-test - Test snap with shortest namehello-world 6.1 canonical - Hello world examplehttp 4.6692016091 chipaca - HTTPie in a snapubuntu-core 16.04+20160531.11-55 canonical - The ubuntu-core OS snapxkcd-webserver 16.04-6 canonical - Show random XKCD compic via a build-in... Webserver

● Get ready to rumble:$ sudo snap install hello-world

● Is it there?$ snap list

● Let it go$ hello-worldHello World!$ which hello-world/snap/bin/hello-world http://snapcraft.io/

What’s new with Ubuntu Cloud & OpenStack● Supported for five years by Canonical● Updated to the OpenStack Mitaka release, including automated installation,

queuing/notification and the integration of database-as-a-service● Nova LXD driver - deploy OpenStack instances as system containers, dramatically increasing per-

node density● Juju OpenStack bundle - automated deployment of OpenStack into LXD system containers● ZFS support for LXD OpenStack hosts● Certification as a guest on AWS, Microsoft Azure, Joyent, HP Cloud and IBM● Certified by Microsoft to host Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2008 R2 as guests,

under its Server Virtualization Validation Program (SVVP)● OpenStack (Mitaka), Juju (v2.0), LXD (v2.0), OpenvSwitch (v2.5.0), Ceph Jewel (v10.1.2)

all on IBM LinuxONE and IBM z Systems● Special Ubuntu Server Cloud images

https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/releases/16.04/release/

http://www.ubuntu.com/server

Ocata

Kilo

14.04 14.10 15.04 15.10 16.04 16.10 17.04 17.10 18.04 18.10 19.04

Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

Mitaka LTS

Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 5 years

Juno

Liberty

Icehouse LTS

Mitaka LTS

Newton

5 years

5 years

5 years

5 years

18 months

18 months

18 months

18 months

18 months extra 18 months for customers

extra 18 months for customers

OpenStack Release Cycle

Canonical OpenStack

14

Nova Horizon

KeystoneCeilometer /Telemetry

Neutron

Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

MAAS

Management & Automation

Infrastructure Services

CinderSwift Glance

Landscape &Autopilot

Juju

tbd for z

It’s Not Just One Critical SW Product --

-- It’s Now All About Disaggregated Services

Data Engine for NoSQL with 40TB CAPI-attached flash

The vast majority of existing OSS Charms & Bundles have been enabled for POWER where base code is ported to POWER.

● MySQL● MariaDB● OpenStack● RabbitMQ● Wordpress● HaProxy….

IBM has committed significant full-time resources to Charming IBM products for POWER and Systems z.

● WAS eXtreme Scale● WAS MQ● DB2 Blu● Tivoli Storage Manager...

Juju - The Services Modeling ToolBrings all our Open Source Packages and IBM Software

https://jujucharms.com/q/?tags=ibm&series=xenial

JujuService modeling and deployment tool for cloud speed

Demo URL: http://www.ubuntu.com/cloud/juju

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/CommandLine

Ubuntu software repository components are organized into four separate areas,according to the level of support offered by Ubuntu and whether or not the program in question complies with Ubuntu's Free Software Philosophy.

There are also further repositories available, like:● Partner repository

containing commercial software that is certified by Canonical and therefore compatible with Ubuntu● PPAs (Personal Package Archives)

for personal/private, temporary or development use

Ubuntu Repository Components

Free Software Non-free Software

CanonicalSupported

MainOfficially supported software

RestrictedSupported software that is not available under a completely free license

CommunityMaintained

UniverseCommunity maintained software, i.e. not officially supported software

MultiverseSoftware that is not free

Languages and Dev Environment

DatabasesConfig/Monitoring/

ManagementApp Development

& DevOps

Web Application Dev/Perf& CMS

Node.js Apache CouchDB Ansible ANTLR Apache HTTPErlang MySQL Apache ZooKeeper Apache Maven Apache Tomcat

gccgo, Golang MariaDB cAdvisor Doxygen Ceilometer clientoCaml MongoDB virt-install Protobuf DrupalRails Apache Cassandra Chef Snappy-java HAProxyRuby Apache Geode Puppet Xerces-C WordPress

R PostgreSQL etcd XMLSec Apache jMeterScala Redis Consul Apigility Joomla

MongoDB Drivers Jenkins MagentoWildfly NGINX

Container Management

Messaging & Streaming

Big Data & AnalyticsSugarCRM

Docker Logstash (ELK) Apache Spark IaaS & PaaS Front EndDocker Compose RabbitMQ Elasticsearch Juju KibanaDocker Swarm Apache Kafka Apache Solr OpenStack (2Q)

Docker Distribution

Fluentd Cloud Foundry (3Q)

Kubernetes

Currently SupportedWork In Progress (Targeting 2H2016)Work in progress (targeting 2Q2016)

OSS Package Readiness on Ubuntu for z

Open Source Ecosystem Expansionat IBM developerWorks

● NA -- Not yet tested.● Distro -- Available in Linux distribution. Search distro by apt-cache search, zypper search or yum search.

https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/forums/html/topic?id=5dee144a-7c64-4bfe-884f-751d6308dbdf https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/forums/html/topic?id=1cb361ef-3831-44f1-8219-d5bce5525645

. . .

3 Complementary Automation Tools

MAAS

PHYSICALPROVISIONING

+DYNAMIC

RE-PURPOSING

SERVICES MODELING,

DEPLOYMENT+

SCALING

ADMINISTRATION+

AUDIT+

COMPLIANCE

tbd for z

Security Eforts

●Kernel Livepatch Service - discussing s390x platform● Working with IBM on enabling IBM z Systems (and Power)

● ‘DirtyCOW’ vulnerability live-patched within hours of announce

● Not a “kernel update” via apt -- live modification of running kernel

●FIPS in progress● In coordination with IBM for z Systems - status “Under Test”

●Common Criteria in progress● Also in coordination with IBM for z Systems

●https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Security/Features

OSSsoftware

stack currencynew

Kernel 4.4 size and

scope of the

repositories

OpenStackintegration

UbuntuKVM

LXD releaseparity

ZFS

Jujumanual provider

Landscapeclient

drawer-based pricing

no 31-bitlegacy

current ztoolchain

arch. level set to EC12+

easy availability and trial

snaps

otherflavours

LTS & non-LTS mix

(HWE-) Kernel

upgrade option

within LTS

new software every 6 month

(non-LTS) new software every 2 years (LTS)

Repository options: Partner, PPAs

same L&F like on other platforms

Why Ubuntu 16.04 LTS on s390x?

Ubuntu Advantage (UA) PricingBased on efective drawers

● Charge only for the effective capacity allocated to Linux, not the physical drawers being used

● Typically 1-30 are in one drawer depending on the model

● Midrange systems (zBC12, z13s or LinuxONE Rockhopper) entirely count as one single drawer

(regardless if one or two physical drawers are installed)

● Support covers unlimited usage of Ubuntu Server on any or all of the IFLs within that drawer, 24×7

Ubuntu Advantage Advanced support services and regular security and reliability fixes from

Canonical.

● Ubuntu is the leading Linux OS for cloud and scale out. Canonical wants to enable you to grow

your business without having to call every time you needed to activate a new core / IFL.

http://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/04/22/ubuntu-16-04-lts-for-ibm-linuxone-and-ibm-z-systems-is-now-available/

References and Links - IBM● IBM LinuxONE and Ubuntu

http://www.ibm.com/systems/linuxone/open-source/ubuntu.html

● Ubuntu 16.04 Announcement (Mark Shuttleworth)http://www.ibm.com/systems/linuxone/open-source/ubuntu.html#s-1

● A Developer’s View: Why Ubuntu 16.04 on IBM LinuxONE (Marcel Mitran)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NDzofKWbd48

● Complimentary LinuxONE trial at IBM LinuxONE Community Cloudhttps://developer.ibm.com/linuxone/?source=web&ca=linuxone&ovcode=ov44223&tactic=C47300NW

● IBM and Canonical Ubuntu 16.04: Next-Generation Applications on LinuxONE (IDC Whitepaper)https://www.ibm.com/marketing/iwm/dre/signup?source=stg-web&S_PKG=ov47989&S_TACT=C47305CW http://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?subtype=WH&infotype=SA&htmlfid=LUW12345USEN&attachment=LUW12345USEN.PDF

● Validated Open-source Software for IBM LinuxONE and IBM z Systemshttps://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/forums/html/topic?id=5dee144a-7c64-4bfe-884f-751d6308dbdf

● IBM z Systems - Tested Operating System Platformswww.ibm.com/systems/z/os/linux/resources/testedplatforms.html

References and Links - Canonical● Canonical and IBM Webinar -- Ubuntu on POWER and LinuxONE

http://blog.dustinkirkland.com/2016/04/ibm-webinar.html http://people.canonical.com/~kirkland/IBM%20Webinar.pdf https://youtu.be/b4VCU8M8-YA

● By the numbers: Ubuntu 16.04 LTShttp://blog.dustinkirkland.com/2016/04/by-numbers-ubuntu-1604-lts.html

● Creating the World’s Fastest OpenStack - Dustin Kirklandhttp://people.canonical.com/~kirkland/Using%20containers%20to%20create%20the%20World%27s%20fastest%20OpenStack%20%28public%29.pdf

● Container World 2016: Application and Machine Containershttp://blog.dustinkirkland.com/2016/02/container-world-2016-application-and.html http://people.canonical.com/~kirkland/Container%20World%202016-%20Application%20and%20Machine%20Containers%20%28public%29.pdf

● Ubuntu Server certified hardwarehttp://www.ubuntu.com/certification/server/models/?query=&vendors=IBM&release=16.04+LTS

● Ubuntu 16.04 LTS for IBM LinuxONE and IBM z Systems is now availablehttp://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/04/22/ubuntu-16-04-lts-for-ibm-linuxone-and-ibm-z-systems-is-now-available/

● Ubuntu 16.04.x LTS Kernel Support Schedulehttps://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Support#A16.04.x_Ubuntu_Kernel_Support

● Ubuntu Linux 16.04 for IBM z Systems and LinuxONE - Installation Guide Wikihttps://wiki.ubuntu.com/S390X/InstallationGuide

● Fully- or Semi-Automated Installations (using preseed)https://wiki.ubuntu.com/S390X/InstallationGuide/AutomatedInstallsWithPreseed

References and Links - Canonical● Infographic: Ubuntu Advantage explained

https://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/10/25/infographic-ubuntu-advantage-explained/ ● Ubuntu on Big Iron – Blog

http://ubuntu-on-big-iron.blogspot.com/?view=sidebar ● Big Software has arrived!

https://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/10/03/big-software-has-arrived/

Thank you - Questions?

:-)https://ubuntu-on-big-iron.blogspot.com