Linux 5th Sem
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Operating System
A program or a software that governs the
functioning of other programs
Interface between User and the Hardware Allocates resources for tasks
Allocates tasks to programs
Manages space and time
Controls the devices
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History of LINUX Development
Multics – 1964
Unics–
1969
Minix – 1990
Linux – 1991
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Unics
Uniplexed Information and ComputingSystem
Later renamed as UNIX Written in 1969
Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie were among
the developers Multi user, Multi tasking and timesharing
Monolithic kernel
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What is LINUX
Linux is a free Unix-type operating system originallycreated by Linus Torvalds with the assistance of developers around the world.
It originated in 1991 as a personal project of LinusTorvalds, a Finnish graduate student.
The Kernel version 1.0 was released in 1994 andtoday the most recent stable version is 2.6.9
Developed under the GNU General Public License ,the source code for Linux is freely available toeveryone.
Introduction to Linux
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Linux Developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds
Used in most of the computers, ranging from
super computers to embedded system
Multi user
Multi tasking
Time sharing
Monolithic kernel
Latest stable version of linux kernel – 2.6.28,
released on 24-Dec-2008 UIT RGTU 6
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Linux Distributions
Redhat
Fedora
Debian
Novell’s SUSE Linux
Ubuntu
Mandrake
Live CDs – Knoppix and more
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GNU/Linux
Only the kernel is called
by the name Linux
The rest are the toolsdeveloped under GNU
Project
Hence the name
GNU/Linux
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Linux OS
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LINUX ARCHITECTURE
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Boot Manager Kernel
Initialization Scripts
Login Shell
Window Managers
Desktop
Applications
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OPERATING SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
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Kernel
Core or nucleus of an operatingsystem
Interacts with the hardware
First program to get loadedwhen the system starts andruns till the session getsterminated
Different from BIOS which ishardware dependent.
Kernel is software dependent
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Program that interactswith kernel
Bridge between kerneland the user
Command interpreter
User can type commandand the command isconveyed to the kerneland it will be executed
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Shell Scripting
Shell scripting is the most useful and
powerful feature in Linux
Minimizes typing of repetitive command Can schedule jobs to run in the system
Can initiate back up activities for system
administration
Similar to batch files in DOS, but more
powerful than Batch files
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Relationship for Kernel,Shell and Application
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