1. Linking Primary and Secondary Sources by Microformats Matteo Romanello, Univ. quot;Ca' Foscariquot; di Venezia 05/22/08 1

2. Rationale In the Field of Classics Electronic publications need to be BOOTSTRAPPED Scholars need (and deserve) more effective research tools to be provided Switching from content holding to service providing Will start a virtuous circle Publishers (e.g. of e-journals) provide more really effective Value Added Services to scholars Scholars are encouraged to use online publications Publishers will invest more money on electronic publishing Favors the Open Access to research findings Value Added Services could make the OA economically sustainable What services are most important for philologists and scholars of Classics? Canonical references are meaningful entry points to information (see importance of indices locorum within monographs...) A more powerful linking framework for primary and secondary sources! 2 /14 M. Romanello, Linking Primary and Secondary Sources by Microformats Trends in Computational Philology: Trends in Computational and Formal Philology

3. Linking primary and secondary sources The first attempt... ...an e-scholium on the Web scale Venetus A: Marcianus Graecus Z. 454, 3 /14 M. Romanello, Linking Primary and Secondary Sources by Microformats Trends in Computational Philology: Trends in Computational and Formal Philology

4. Actual Scenarios Google search L'Anne Philologique search 4 /14 M. Romanello, Linking Primary and Secondary Sources by Microformats Trends in Computational Philology: Trends in Computational and Formal Philology

5. State of the art: tightly coupled approach REFERENCE LINKING FEATURE Hard-linking (1 to 1 mapping) Linking system Peculiar to a given project Language-dependent Closed system Plut. Sol. 19.1 5 /14 M. Romanello, Linking Primary and Secondary Sources by Microformats Trends in Computational Philology: Trends in Computational and Formal Philology

6. Proposal: loosely coupled approach Desired linking system: Semantic Open-ended Language-neutra Layers separation: 1) Metadata contained in canonical text references 2) Protocols and Programming Interfaces (API) 3) Services Glue: Client side application Implementation: Microformats CTS (Canonical Texts Services) URNs 6 /14 M. Romanello, Linking Primary and Secondary Sources by Microformats Trends in Computational Philology: Trends in Computational and Formal Philology

7. Microformatted references 1 3 4 Plut. 5 6 Sol. 7 8 19.1 9 10 11 * URNs and implicit information (e.g. Edition statement) are hidden by using Cascading Stylesheets (CSS) -> separation of content and presentation 7 /14 M. Romanello, Linking Primary and Secondary Sources by Microformats Trends in Computational Philology: Trends in Computational and Formal Philology

8. Microformats and CTS URNs MICROFORMATS from Blogs and Web 2.0 Microformats community -> pattern and design principles Compounds of Plain Old Semantic HTML (POSH) tags Aimed at embedding semantic data in HTML elements Interest on semantic encoding of citation formats: hBib draft, Microformat for bibliographic references to modern publications CTS URNs Lie on the FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) model Provide Uniform resource names (isbn:xxxxxxx) for Canonical Texts References Unambiguous identifiers for Authors (Homer: urn:cts:greekLit:tlg001) Works (Iliad: urn:cts:greekLit:tlg001) Text passages (1.1: urn:cts:greekLit:tlg001.tlg001) Work Exemplars (Venetus A: 1.1 Holy Cross / Furman Fellows edd.: urn:cts:greekLit:tlg001.tlg001.greekLit:msA-tei) 8 /14 M. Romanello, Linking Primary and Secondary Sources by Microformats Trends in Computational Philology: Trends in Computational and Formal Philology

9. Microformats suitability Least Power Rule Forward-compatibility with Resource Description Framework (RDF) through GRDDL technology Rapid and Wide success/adoption (FF3 and IE8) More HTML-compliant than RDFa and eRDF 9 /14 M. Romanello, Linking Primary and Secondary Sources by Microformats Trends in Computational Philology: Trends in Computational and Formal Philology

10. CTS Protocol: building a distributed library 10 /14 M. Romanello, Linking Primary and Secondary Sources by Microformats Trends in Computational Philology: Trends in Computational and Formal Philology

11. CTS Protocol: building a distributed library 11 /14 M. Romanello, Linking Primary and Secondary Sources by Microformats Trends in Computational Philology: Trends in Computational and Formal Philology

12. Microformat for Canonical Text References in action 12 /14 M. Romanello, Linking Primary and Secondary Sources by Microformats Trends in Computational Philology: Trends in Computational and Formal Philology

13. Microformat for Canonical Text References in action 13 /14 M. Romanello, Linking Primary and Secondary Sources by Microformats Trends in Computational Philology: Trends in Computational and Formal Philology

14. What's Next? E-scholium Semantic parser for canonical texts references: from raw text extracts a microformatted reference Primary Secondary Figure out new services to be Source Sources built upon CTS URNs and Microformats... CTS harvester Aggregator of relevant information from the whole Web Allows one to browse different exemplars of a works (available Secondary Sources through CTS) and at the same time displays related information (bibliographic records relevant to the reading context) 14 /14 M. Romanello, Linking Primary and Secondary Sources by Microformats Trends in Computational Philology: Trends in Computational and Formal Philology