Post-2015 debate, Agenda 2063 and the

EU-Africa roadmap

Linking African, European and international debates and align positions

and priorities for implementation

James Mackie, Senior Adviser EU Development Policy

&

Faten Aggad, Head of Programme Africa’s Change Dynamics

31 October 2014

Content

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Process & Priorities

Post-2015 debate

Convergence? EU-Africa Roadmap 2014-2017, Agenda 2063 and the

Post-2015 goals

Financing

The Pan African envelope

Alternative sources of financing

Post-2015 financing debate: Universality and Differentiation

In Conclusion: Medium-term perspectives in the EU

The Post -2015 Debate

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Towards a Post-3015 Development Agenda: A Complex process…

Financing for Development Summit in Addis (July 2015)

Will conference facilitate agreement on goals in September 2015?

Financing discussions likely to focus on LDCs and fragile states

Interests of MICs will also be important

UN General Assembly (September 2015)

Agree goals and targets

Climate negotiations in Paris in 2015 (December 2015)

Adopt new international climate change agreement that will cover all countries

Protocol, another legal instrument or 'an agreed outcome with legal force’

Ideally pplicable to all Parties.

Three key moments in 2015

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● Proposed SDGs: 17 goals + 169 targets

● 30 OWG constituencies (70 governments incl: 11 AU

MS + 13 EU MS) supported Outcome Document

● G77 pushed for adoption of the document by the UNGA

SDG Open Working Group (OWG) & UNGA 69

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UN Member State negotiations: Sept. 2014 - Sept. 2015 will lead to

agreement on a new framework to be implemented Jan. 1st 2016

● Discussion around 17 goals

● SG Report (November) will acknowledge OWG outcome

Likely to endorse goals with additions and recommendations

(Means of Implementation discussion; negotiation process etc.)

Example Goal 16:

Included: ‘Peaceful societies’ and ‘Access to Justice’

Excluded: ‘Rule of Law’ and target ‘Freedom of the Media’

69th UN General Assembly

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Discussions all about positioning topics

– Still unclear if number of goals will be reduced

● LDCs:

Strong emphasis on poverty reduction (through inclusive growth)

Financing for development

In Climate discussions focus on adaptation finance but demand more

mitigation action and responsibilities also from emerging powers

● g7+: Focus on meaningful goal and targets on peaceful societies

● MICs:

Equity and CBDR (with more responsibilities for developed countries)

National sovereignty

Reform of global governance for more inclusive decision-making

Different Interest Groups…

1. End poverty

2. Achieve food security and improved nutrition

3. Ensure healthy lives and well-being

4. Inclusive and equitable education

5. Gender equality and empower women and girls

6. Availability of water & sanitation

7. Affordable, reliable & sustainable energy

8. Inclusive & sustainable growth

9. Resilient infrastructure, inclusive industrialisation

10. Reduce inequality within & among countries

11. Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient & sustainable

12. Sustainable consumption & production

13. Urgent action to combat climate change

14. Sustainable use of oceans, seas & marine resources

15. Sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems

16. Peaceful & inclusive societies, justice for all, inclusive institutions

17. Strengthen finance, Means of Implementation, global partnership & PCSD

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Goals

pro

posed

by

OW

G

Positioning of proposed SDGs:

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● Shortcomings of MDG accountability

Duplication, incoherence, no clear responsibilities

Lack of ownership in some areas

● Discussions on post-2015 accountability in infancy still

but need for a coherent framework

Role of Review Mechanism of HL Political Forum

Clearer lines of reporting (among all stakeholders)

Data revolution

Post-2015 Accountability Framework

● High level of interest & strong commitment to MDGs

● Push for a common EU position by Commission (DEVCO+ENV)

• A Decent Life for All – 2 June 2014 [COM 335]

• Earlier policy papers in February & December 2013

• Forthcoming EU Council Conclusions (December 2014)

● The EU and MS supported the adoption of the OWG proposals• Now discussing implications with ministries

• Also considering how to possibly implement at national level

● Outstanding challenges

• Goals & targets – some differences over coverage vs. number

• e.g. NL in favour of current goals while UK wants to reduce the number of

goals

• Global partnership – Finance and other Means of Implementation

• Universality and differentiation

Where does the EU Stand?

Common African Position and the OWG

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Common African Position’s 6 Pillars

OWG report integrated all CAP priorities

Largely a case of convergence

EU-Africa Roadmap Priorities (2014-2017)

.

The JAES and Post-2015 - In pursuit of the same objectives?

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1. Peace & Security

2. Democracy, Good

Governance & HR

3. Human development

4. Sustainable &

inclusive development,

growth & continental

integration

5. Global & emerging

issues

1. End poverty - JAES Priority 32. Achieve food security and improved nutrition – JAES 43. Ensure healthy lives and well-being – JAES 34. Inclusive and equitable education - JAES 35. Gender equality and empower women and girls – JAES 26. Availability of water & sanitation – JAES 37. Affordable, reliable & sustainable energy – JAES 38. Inclusive & sustainable growth – JAES 1 & 49. Resilient infrastructure, inclusive industrialisation – 4&510.Reduce inequality within & among countries – JAES 411.Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient & sustainable – 3 & 412.Sustainable consumption & production - JAES 3, 4 & 513.Urgent action to combat climate change – JAES 3 & 5 14.Sustainable use of oceans, seas & marine resources -

4&515.Sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems – JAES 516.Peaceful & inclusive societies, justice for all, inclusive

institutions – JAES 1 & 217.Strengthen finance, MoI, global partnership & PCSD –5

Convergence or divergence? Agenda 2063, JAES and Post-2015

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Financing

EU allocation: The Pan-African envelope

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● On-going debate on alternative sources of financing to

finance continental development programs (i.e P&S,

infrastructure, etc.): • Obasanjo Report

• Mbeki Report on illicit financial flows

• Assessments by UNECA & NPCA & AfDB

• 9th African Development Forum, Marrakesh, October 2014

● Some instruments already established• Africa 50 Fund (Infrastructure),

• African Solidarity Fund (P&S)

African Discussions on Financing

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● UN Financing for Development Conference, Addis Ababa, July 2015

● Past experience - MDGs became very focused on ODA

Financing gap notion – Jeffrey Sachs

But have to think ‘Beyond Aid’ (ERD2013)

● There are a lot other types of finance:

Domestic resources

Domestic capital

Foreign direct investment

Remittances

South-South cooperation

● Finance cannot solve everything

Policies important – national & international

How to make most effective use of finance?

● So need to discuss: Finance and other Means of Implementation

Post-2015: The Financing Debate

Low Income Countries

Source: ERD2014 (forthcoming)

Trends in development finance (2011 US$Bn)

All developing countries

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Financial flows by income level (% of GDP)

ECDPMSource: ERD2014 (forthcoming)

● Post-2015 targets defined as aspirational global targets,

with each government Setting its own national targets

Guided by the global level of ambition

But taking into account national circumstances

● Translation of universal goals/targets into National actions, commitments and responsibilities

Big challenge

● Need to find a balance for all parties between National adaptation vs. global ambition

“Fair” commitments and responsibilities

Post-2015: Universality and Differentiation

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● Will be difficult to find political agreement on framework

if differentiated responsibilities not adequately addressed

● OECD and G77 – differences over differentiated

responsibilities in changing geopolitical landscape

EU will have to translate targets to commitments, including in areas

such as consumption/production and food waste

Will emerging economies and MICs in Africa take on increased

responsibilities ?

Will developed countries need to take the lead ?

Post-2015: Universality and Differentiation

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● Economic Partnership Agreements:• Objectives: promote regional integration & help integrate in global

economy• Signed: 2 full regions (ECOWAS+EAC) + some countries not N Africa• Challenges for regional integration (i) some regions are

split; (ii) complicated trade regimes with EU; (iii) makes intra-regional trade more difficult

● TTIP - Transatlantic Trade & Investment Partnership (EU+USA)• WTO deadlock: big players want to reshape global trade as

globalisation deepens• Strategic interest: rise of China as a new leader in global trade • EU+USA seek to join forces to maintain access to key markets

● Impact on EU-Africa relations (just as first EPAs concluded)• Erosion of preferences & new standards might apply to African countries

EU–Africa trade agenda: convergence or divergence

In light of post-2015 agreements, EU likely to:

● Review Agenda for Change ?

● Formulate proposals for post-Cotonou - including:

Focus ODA support to LDCs, fragile and vulnerable states

Partnership arrangements with LMICs ?

Aid for Trade package ?

Acquis of Cotonou (joint mgmt, essential elements?)

Seek to align with Values from Lisbon Treaty

● Improve coordination: EU & bilateral programmes

Take joint programming further ?

In Conclusion: Medium-term perspectives in EU

Thank you

Faten Aggad fa@ecdpm.org

James Mackie jm@ecdpm.org

www.ecdpm.orgwww.slideshare.net/ecdpm