Linkage of Geography and Development - Modern Economics
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Transcript of Linkage of Geography and Development - Modern Economics
Climate, Coastal Proximity, and Development
Linkages of Geography and Development:
Modern Economic Development
Iris Loterte
25.08.2010
Universidad Catolica del Norte
MAGISTER EN CIENCIA REGIONAL
Linkages of Geography and Development:
Prevalent questions:
1. What’ are the issues involved regarding the
importance and linkages of geography on
development.
2. Why Regional Science focuses on these concerns?
3. How important geographic relationship to
economic growth/development?
4. Which role of geographic system could explains
economic variables?
5. How methodology being done? (overview)
6. How significant this new or modern economic
analysis to development, into what extent it is
being applied?
Linkages of Geography and Development:
Adam Smith: Father of Economics
…most remembered for his prescription of free market
forces for economic development; emphasized that the
physical geography of a region can influence crucially its
economic performance (Smith, 1976).
• Scottish moral philosopher
• A pioneer of political economics
• Scottish Enlightenment
• The Theory of Moral Sentiments and An
Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the
Wealth of Nations (Wealth of Nations).
Linkages of Geography and Development:
Physical
Geography
Economic
Development
Cross-country differences in
environmental endowment level and growth of per
capital income (GDP)
Population Density and
Demography
Central Issues on Economic performances:
Enormous disparity in economic performance between
rich and poor regions of the world.
Linkages of Geography and Development:
Climate zones
Spatial density of economic activity
Proximity
to the sea
(near’ and ‘far’)
Population
density
Temperate
Zones
Non-temperate
zones (Tropics)
Which countries are outperforming among
others? And Why?
Linkages of Geography and Development:
Geo-Economic Disparity does exists and persists:
New economic geography: emphasizes interaction of transport costs,
imperfect competition, and increasing returns to scale.
coastal regions
access to sea
trade
geographic location
productivity
specialization
size of the market
openness of markets
costs of transport
Airport facility
Non-coastal
regions
Linkages of Geography and Development:
(1) Perspectives on the debate (Hypotheses)
Results of a link from race to development
(racist theory on geographical claims).
Enabling of society to division of labor led by market
institutions
Choice and form of government system
(centralized control to water system, irrigation, etc.)
Climate determining the means of production
(eg. Yeoman farming in temperate region).
Accidental reflections to historical events
Spatial effect on pacing in diffusion of technological
changes (innovations)
Climate might have direct effects on the temperament,
work effort, and social harmony.
The linkages made my geography and climate:
Linkages of Geography and Development:
(2) Two principal geo-economic factors:
almost all high-income countries are in the mid- and
high latitudes, while nearly all countries in the
geographic tropics are poor.
coastal economies have generally higher incomes
than landlocked countries and coastal, temperate,
northern hemisphere economies have the highest
economic densities in the world.
The linkages made my geography and climate:
The role of spatial comparative advantages
Linkages of Geography and Development:
(3) Main GIS-related information:
Regions linked to coasts by ocean-navigable
waterways, are strongly favored in development relative
to the hinterlands.
Landlocked economies may be particularly
disadvantaged by their lack of access to the sea, even
when they are no farther than the interior parts of
coastal economies.
Location advantages are particularly important for
successful economic integration of agriculture and the
food industry.
The linkages made my geography and climate:
The role of spatial comparative advantages
Linkages of Geography and Development:
Climate effects and economic performance: -An example in tropics-
Intrinsic effects of tropical
ecology on human health.
Agriculture and
productivity
Human physiology
Nutrition level
Infectious disease
Declination of human
productivity
Declination of industrial
productivity
Shortfall in economic
performances
A system for capturing, storing,
checking, integrating,
manipulating, analyzing and
displaying data which are
spatially referenced to the
Earth. “
4 Key Variables:
• Climate zones
• Population
•Navigable Waters/rivers
• GDP Density (per capita)
Life Zones
Navigation Ways and Economic accessibility
Population Density and Economics activity
Water Map of the World
The tropics and health
levels: Malaria/Dengue
Disease
Population Distribution
Leading Economies, 2009
Source:UN-HDReport 2007/08
Gini Coefficient /Income Distribution Index
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