LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 10: 9/26.
LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.
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Transcript of LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.
![Page 1: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
LING 388: Language and Computers
Sandiway FongLecture 23
![Page 2: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Last Time
• We started building a Prolog Japanese grammar …
![Page 3: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Japanese Grammar
• Example:– taroo-ga hon-o kaimashita– (john)-nom book-acc buy+past (formal/polite)
![Page 4: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Japanese Grammar
• Example:– taroo-ga hon-o kaimashita– (john)-nom book-acc buy+past (formal/polite)
kaimashita
![Page 5: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Japanese Grammar
• Example (scrambled):– hon-o taroo-ga t kaimashita– book-acc (john)-nom trace buy+past (formal/polite)
![Page 6: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Japanese Grammar
• Example (scrambled):– hon-o taroo-ga t kaimashita– book-acc (john)-nom trace buy+past (formal/polite)
or..
![Page 7: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Japanese Grammar
• Example (wh-question):– dare-ga hon-o kaimashita ka– who-nom book-acc buy+past Q – Define 2nd argument for NPs with value notwh/wh
Q = question particle
whowhat
WHNP/WP tags following the Stanford parser:
![Page 8: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Japanese Grammar
• Example (wh-question):– dare-ga hon-o kaimashita ka– who-nom book-acc buy+past Q – Define 2nd argument for NPs with value notwh/wh– Add a new nonterminal sf (sentence final) that generates ka when
either the subject or object has value wh
![Page 9: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Japanese Grammar
• Example (wh-question):– dare-ga hon-o kaimashita ka– who-nom book-acc buy+past Q – Define 2nd argument for NPs with value notwh/wh– Add a new nonterminal sf (sentence final) that generates ka when
either the subject or object has value wh
We assume that the question particle ka is obligatory
![Page 10: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Japanese Grammar
• Example (wh-question):– dare-ga hon-o kaimashita ka– who-nom book-acc buy+past Q – Define 2nd argument for NPs with value notwh/wh– Add a new nonterminal sf (sentence final) that generates ka when
either the subject or object has value wh
![Page 11: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Japanese Grammar
• Example (wh-question):– dare-ga hon-o kaimashita ka– who-nom book-acc buy+past Q – hon-o dare-ga t kaimashita ka– book-acc who-nom trace buy+past Q
Scrambled wh-question
![Page 12: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Japanese Grammar
• Example (wh-question):– taroo-ga nani-o kaimashita ka– (John)-nom what-acc buy+past Q is not represented in the parse
![Page 13: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Japanese Grammar
• Let’s modify j23.pl1. to use SQ instead S for wh-questions2. Verb morphology: • kau + masu + ta = kaimashita• (masu = polite, ta = past)• kau + ta = katta (informal)
3. Yes/No questions:• Sentence-final ka without wh-word as subject or object• taroo-ga hon-o kaimashita ka• Did Taroo buy a/the book?
![Page 14: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Japanese Grammar
• Let’s modify j23.pl1. to use SQ instead S for wh-questions
![Page 15: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Japanese Grammar
• Let’s modify j23.pl1. to use SQ instead S for wh-questions
![Page 16: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Japanese Grammar
• Let’s modify j23.pl2. Verb morphology: • kau + masu + ta = kaimashita• (masu = polite, ta = past)• kau + ta = katta (informal)
![Page 17: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Japanese Grammar
• Let’s modify j23.pl2. Verb morphology:
![Page 18: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Japanese Grammar
• Let’s modify j23.pl3. Yes/No questions:• Sentence-final ka without wh-word as subject or object• taroo-ga hon-o kaimashita ka• Did Taroo buy a/the book?
![Page 19: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Japanese Grammar
• Let’s modify j23.pl3. Yes/No questions:• Sentence-final ka without wh-word as subject or object• taroo-ga hon-o kaimashita ka• Did Taroo buy a/the book?
![Page 20: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Japanese Grammar
• Let’s modify j23.pl3. Yes/No questions:• Sentence-final ka without wh-word as subject or object• taroo-ga hon-o kaimashita ka• Did Taroo buy a/the book?
![Page 21: LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 23.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062619/55167e24550346a2698b5cb1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Japanese passives• Patterns:
– Object-ga V-passive– Object-ga Subject-ni V-passive
From wikipedia