LING-07 Manner of Articulation Compiled by Dr. Cynthia Buchanan Edited by Dr. David F. Maas

8/14/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation Compiled by Dr. Cynthia Buchanan Edited by Dr. David F. Maas

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Manner of ArticulationManner of Articulation

y Compiled by Dr. Cynthia BuchananCompiled by Dr. Cynthia Buchanan

y Edited and Narrated byEdited and Narrated by

y Dr. David F. MaasDr. David F. Maas


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yTells how sound is producedTells how sound is produced

yTells the way in which the breathTells the way in which the breath

stream is releasedstream is released


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Classification of speechClassification of speech

soundsoundy Point of ArticulationPoint of Articulation

y Manner of ArticulationManner of Articulation


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ClosureClosure

y Production of all consonant soundsProduction of all consonant sounds

requires varying degrees ofrequires varying degrees of

ClosureClosure in the oral cavityin the oral cavityyThe point ofThe point ofmaximum closuremaximum closure isis

called the point of articulationcalled the point of articulation


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yThe way of modifying the releaseThe way of modifying the release

of the breathstreamof the breathstream

yThe way in which the breathThe way in which the breathstream is modified duringstream is modified during

articulationarticulation


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Subdivision of consonantsSubdivision of consonants

Consonants are subdividedConsonants are subdivided

into large classes on theinto large classes on thebasis of the type of releasebasis of the type of release

of the breath stream or theof the breath stream or the

manner of articulationmanner of articulation


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Voiced or voiceless soundsVoiced or voiceless sounds

y Voiceless soundsVoiceless sounds

are produced byare produced by

not vibrating thenot vibrating thevocal bandsvocal bands

y /p/ /t/ and /k/ are/p/ /t/ and /k/ are

voiceless soundsvoiceless sounds

or phonemesor phonemes

y Voiced soundsVoiced sounds

require the vocalrequire the vocal

bands vibratingbands vibratingy /b/ /d/ and /g/ are/b/ /d/ and /g/ are

voiced sounds orvoiced sounds or

phonemesphonemes


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StopsStops

Speech sounds articulated bySpeech sounds articulated by

stoppingstopping oror interruptinginterruptingthe breath streamthe breath stream


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ContinuantsContinuants

Speech sounds which are notSpeech sounds which are not

stopped in the oral cavitystopped in the oral cavity


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Production of StopProduction of Stop

y When a stop is produced,When a stop is produced, complete closurecomplete closure

occurs somewhere in the vocal tract or oraloccurs somewhere in the vocal tract or oral

cavitycavity

y PressurePressure builds up behind the closurebuilds up behind the closure

y When released a slight explosion of soundWhen released a slight explosion of sound

occursoccurs

y

Sometimes stops are calledSometimes stops are called PlosivesPlosives


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StopStop

A speech sound produced byA speech sound produced by

stopping or interrupting thestopping or interrupting theescape of the breath streamescape of the breath stream


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Bi-Labial StopsBi-Labial Stops

The initial sounds ofThe initial sounds ofputputandand

butbutare bi-labial stopsare bi-labial stops


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Same manner ofSame manner of

articulation but not samearticulation but not same

point of articulationpoint of articulationy Bilabial stopBilabial stop

y Apico-alveolarApico-alveolar

stopstopy Dorso-velar stopDorso-velar stop

y PutPut

y ToTo

y KitKit


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StopStop

The escape of the breathThe escape of the breath

stream is completelystream is completelystopped behind a closure instopped behind a closure in

the oral cavity-then abruptlythe oral cavity-then abruptly

releasedreleased


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ContinuantContinuant

y Each sound which is not a stop isEach sound which is not a stop is

called acalled a continuantcontinuant

y While stops requireWhile stops require completecompleteclosureclosure continuants do notcontinuants do not

y Continuants are produced withContinuants are produced with

varying degrees of closure in thevarying degrees of closure in theoral cavityoral cavity


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FricativeFricative

A consonant produced byA consonant produced by

forcing the breath through aforcing the breath through avery narrow passagevery narrow passage


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Production of fricativeProduction of fricative

y Results from forcing the breathResults from forcing the breath

stream through a narrow passagestream through a narrow passage

y Can be characterized by audibleCan be characterized by audiblefrictionfriction

yThere isThere is notnotcomplete closure incomplete closure in

the vocal tractthe vocal tract


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The initial sound ofThe initial sound offorforisis

a labio-dental fricativea labio-dental fricative


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of articulationof articulation butbut

differentdifferent mannersmanners ofofarticulationarticulationy Apico-alveolarApico-alveolar

fricativefricative

y Apico-alveolarApico-alveolarstopstop

y SinSin

y TinTin


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Fricatives have twoFricatives have two

classesclassesy Slit fricatives force the airstreamSlit fricatives force the airstream

through an opening large horizontallythrough an opening large horizontally

and small verticallyand small verticallyy // / are slit fricatives / are slit fricativesy Groove fricatives (sibilants) force the air streamGroove fricatives (sibilants) force the air stream

which is large vertically and small horizontally.which is large vertically and small horizontally.

y / // are groove fricatives./ // are groove fricatives.


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AffricateAffricate

Combines the characteristicsCombines the characteristics

of a stop plus a fricative inof a stop plus a fricative inits productionits production


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An affricate combines aAn affricate combines a

stop and a fricativestop and a fricativey

y

y [t][t]

y dd


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ResonantsResonants

yThe quality depends upon the propertiesThe quality depends upon the properties

of the resonance chambersof the resonance chambers

y Resonants are produced without audibleResonants are produced without audiblefriction or explosionfriction or explosion

yThey are made by altering the size andThey are made by altering the size and

shape of the resonance chambershape of the resonance chamber

yThe breath stream has free passageThe breath stream has free passagethrough the vocal tractthrough the vocal tract


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Three classes ofThree classes of

ResonantsResonants

y NasalsNasals

y LateralLateral

y MedianMedian


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NasalsNasals

y Produced by releasing the breathProduced by releasing the breath

stream through the nasal cavity.stream through the nasal cavity.

y /m/ /n/ and / / are nasal/m/ /n/ and / / are nasalresonants.resonants.


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Lateral ResonantLateral Resonant

yThis sound is produced by allowingThis sound is produced by allowing

the breath stream to escape alongthe breath stream to escape along

the sides of the oral cavity.the sides of the oral cavity.y In the production of /l/ the apex ofIn the production of /l/ the apex of

the tongue touches the alveolarthe tongue touches the alveolar

ridge but the breath streamridge but the breath streamescapesescapes laterallylaterallyalong the sidesalong the sides

of the tongue.of the tongue.


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Median ResonantMedian Resonant

y This sound is produced by the breathThis sound is produced by the breath

stream flowing down the middle of thestream flowing down the middle of the

oral cavityoral cavityy In the production of /r/ the tip of theIn the production of /r/ the tip of the

tongue is raised, pointing back in thetongue is raised, pointing back in the

oral cavityoral cavity

y Because the tongue points backwards,Because the tongue points backwards,this phoneme is sometimes calledthis phoneme is sometimes called

retroflexretroflex

LING-07 Manner of Articulation Compiled by Dr. Cynthia Buchanan Edited by Dr. David F. Maas

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