Linear and Non Linear Electronics Class 2 of ELG4139 · Some general classes of power electronics...
Transcript of Linear and Non Linear Electronics Class 2 of ELG4139 · Some general classes of power electronics...
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Linear and Non Linear ElectronicsClass 2 of ELG4139
Julio Pimentel, CEO Kylowave Inc.
www.kylowave.comwww.kylowaveeducation.com
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CA
November23rd, 2012
Class 1What you will learn Introduction on PWM modulators
Introduction on three-phase inverters
Fundamentals of Brushless DC motors
Operation of BLDC motors using six-steps control algorithm
Speed and torque control of BLDC motors
A BLDCM Control System
Note: drawing from Microchip AN885
Some general classes of power electronics circuits Families of solid state power converters categorized
according to their conversion function
AC
Vac1, f1
AC
Vac2, f2
DC
Vdc1
DC
Vdc2
DC-DC
Converters
AC-D
C
Rectifiers
DC-A
C
Inve
rters
DC
Link
AC
-AC
Co
nve
rte
rs
Cic
loco
nve
rte
rs
One of our subjects for today’s class
PWM – Pulse Width Modulation The idea is to modulate the width of a stream of pulses, keeping the
carrier frequency constant, such that the low pass frequency spectrum produces the required waveform
LP Filtered signal
HF Stream of
Pulses
PWM in Wikipedia
Introduction to 3-phase inverters 6 Transistors Power Converter
Note: drawing from Freescale AN1916
Half Bridge section
Fundamentals of Brushless DC motors BLDC Motor Cross Section
Note: drawing from Freescale AN1916
Fundamentals of Brushless DC motors Types of Back Electro Magnetic Force (BEMF)
Depends on BLDCM physical construction
Note: drawing from Microchip AN885
Trapezoidal
Sinusoidal
Fundamentals of Brushless DC motors Internal View of the Stator and Rotor of a BLDC Motor
Note: drawing from Microchip AN885
StatorRotor
Fundamentals of Brushless DC motors Three-Phase Hall Sensors
Note: drawing from Microchip AN885
120 degrees
Fundamentals of Brushless DC motors Winding Energizing Sequence
Dependent on hall sensor encoding
60 degree sectors
6 possible vectors for the magnetic field
Note that all ZEROS is open circuit and all ONES is short circuit. Why?
BLDCM Theory of Operation six-steps control algorithm
Control logic is not complicate to implement
Capable of very high speed operation
Relatively high torque ripple compared to other methods (Sinusoidal BEMF, Sinusoidal PWM, FOC, SVM, etc.)
High current ripple implies high harmonic content and higher operating temperature (for the same operating conditions)
Note: drawing from Microchip AN885
Speed control of BLDC motors
PI or PID Filter
Speed Estimator
Note: drawing from Freescale AN1916
Torque control of BLDC motors
Note: drawing from Freescale AN1916
PI or PID Filter
PI or PID Filter
Speed Estimator
Putting it all together Control Block Diagram
Note: drawing from Microchip AN885
Putting it all together
For further study Two others interesting examples on power electronics
Example #2Spontaneous switching - Rectifiers
Single phase Three phaseD1
D1N4002
V2FREQ = 60VAMPL = 10VOFF = 0 R1
1K
L110uH
C1
5u
V VI
D1
D1N4002
R1
1KV2
FREQ = 60
VAMPL = 10VOFF = 0
PHASE = 120
D2
D1N4002
L110uH
C1
5u
D3
D1N4002
D4
D1N4002
D5
D1N4002
D6
D1N4002
V3
FREQ = 60
VAMPL = 10VOFF = 0
PHASE = 240
V1
FREQ = 60
VAMPL = 10VOFF = 0
PHASE = 0
I V
V
Smoothinginductance
Example #3Forced switching phase controlled rectifier DC-DC Converter
R320
V2TD = 0
TF = 10nsPW = 30uPER = 100u
V1 = 0
TR = 10ns
V2 = 2
L1
5mh
V3
20V
D1
D1N4002
C1
10n
Q1Q2N2222
R410
I
VV1
FREQ = 60
VAMPL = 50VOFF = 0
PHASE = 0
R3100
X12N1595
V2TD = 3ms
TF = 10nsPW = 0.2ms
PER = 16.6667ms
V1 = 0
TR = 10ns
V2 = 5
L1
5mh
R4
1k
V
V
V
ConclusionResources available Orcad version 16.3 Student Edition – Free
http://www.cadence.com/products/orcad/pages/downloads.aspx
NOTE: The student edition has limitations in terms of # of components, # of pins, etc.
We will publish a copy of the example circuits
The internet has many useful links Search for “ pspice and power and electronics”
References on Power Electronics This is one of the best references
Erickson, R. W. & Maksimovic, D., “Fundamentals of Power Electronics,” 2nd Edition, University of Colorado, Boulder, http://ecee.colorado.edu/copec/book/slides/slidedir.html
These are good references as well Ramshaw, E. & Shuumman, D. C., “PSpice Simulation of
Power Electronics Circuits: An Introductory Guide,” Springer Verlag, 1996
Ferrieux, J. P. & Forest, F., “Alimentation à découpage -Convertisseurs à résonance: principes, modélisation, composants,” Collection technologies, Masson, Paris, 1987, ISBN 2-225-81205-5
Tolyat, H. A. & Campbell, S., “DSP-Based Electromechanical Motion Control,”CRC Press, 2003
References on Control of BLDCM 1) Leonard N. Elevich, “3-Phase BLDC Motor Control
with Hall Sensors Using 56800/E Digital Signal Controllers,” Freescale Semiconductor, AN1916, Rev. 2.0, 11/2005
2) Padmaraja Yedamale, “Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor Fundamentals,” Microchip Technology Inc., AN885, 2003
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