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    FROM THE EDITOR

    KSEB Engineers Association is organizing a seminar series on the role of phasor measurement uniin Power systems. The article appearing in this issue of LINEAGE on the subject has been lifted from thesis paper published by a US university a few years ago. The limited purpose is to arouse curiosiof the reader in the new area of technology. Inquisitive seniors are requested to gather more informatioand share the knowledge with LINEAGE readers.There is a wide variety of fare included in the February issue, ranging from benefits of tea and exercisto sane counseling on behavior, survival, conjugal relations and other mundane matters. The prayer God is a true self-assessment deserving a revered place in our lives, like a code of conduct for elder

    Mobile mania is set to grow further, and the caution from the Malayalam novelist, Benyamin is timelThe theory of scarcity is illuminating. The poem, Bus in Thullal style is lent to us by guest writeEr.Asokan, a batch-mate of Mohanan Nambiar at Palakad Engineering College. We gratefully appreciathe contributions from Ers. EC.Joseph, TC.Govindan, Suhair, KNC and Sasi.

    ENJOY READING! Damodaran Nayanar

    I have downloaded LINEAGE January2014; could not wait to read it. I would congratulate th

    Lineage team especially, the Art Editor as the journal is getting improved very much. Wish th

    LINEAGE will be able to bring out still better issues in 2014.

    V.

    Kunhiraman

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    mailto:%22Damodaran%20Nayanar%20.K.E%22%20%[email protected]%3Emailto:%22Damodaran%20Nayanar%20.K.E%22%20%[email protected]%3E
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    My dear God, you know that I am growing older. Keep me from becoming too talkative, from repeatinall my jokes and anecdotes and particularly, keep me from the tiresome habit of expressing an opinioon any subject. Release me from the craving to straighten out everyones affairs. Keep my mind frefrom recital of endless details; give me wings to get to the point.Give me the grace dear GOD, to listen to others as they describe their aches and pains. Help me endur

    the boredom with patience and keep my lips sealed; for my own aches and pains are increasing number and intensity and the pleasure of discussing them is becoming sweeter as the years go by.Teach me the glorious lesson that occasionally I may be mistaken. Keep me reasonably sweet; I donwish to be a saint (saints are hard to live with but sour old person is the work of Devil!) Make mthoughtful, but not moody; helpful but not pushy; independent, yet able to accept with graciousnesfavours that others bestow on me. Free me of the notion that simply because I have lived a long timeam wiser than those who have not lived so long. I am older, but not necessarily wiser!If I do not approve of some of the changes that have taken place in recent years, please give me thwisdom to keep my mouth shut. GOD, please know that when the end comes, I would like to have friend or two left. Amen!

    (Recommended by: Er.E.C.Josep

    Does Scarcity Scare You?

    Do you remember the movie Space balls? There is a scene in which President Skroob, played b

    Mel Brooks, reaches into his desk drawer to open a can of clean Perri-air after assuring

    news agency that there is absolutely no air shortage whatsoever. While it may seem ludicrou

    that there would ever be a scarcity of clean air, living in polluted cities such as Beijing, Manil

    or Los Angeles shows that clean air is not as abundant as it once was.

    For most of us, it is hard to imagine an abundant society. Abundance sounds nice. Th

    concept of living in an abundant world feels good. No more worries about survival. Access t

    everything we may need or want .However, unless you are part of the group of people tha

    comprise the top 0.1% of economic income, the reality of an abundant world feels like a pip

    dream.

    The opposite of abundance is scarcity. Most people are familiar with scarcity scarcity o

    money, time, and meaning for the more fortunate or food, water, and shelter for the least.

    cursory glance at the conditions of human life on earth might conclude that we live in a scarc

    world, but is that really true?

    If one defines scarcity as an insufficiency or shortness of supply, then it should be fairly eas

    to distinguish whether we live in a scarce world. We simply ask the question, is there enoug

    of x to meet the needs of all human beings? Lets see.

    Statistics show that there are an estimated 925 million hungry people in the world, whic

    would imply that food is scarce. However, the world produces 2,720 kilocalories per perso

    per day of food, more than enough to feed everyone on the planet. Food is not scarce.

    Statistics show that approximately 630,000 people in the United States are homeless, which

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    would imply that housing is scarce. However, there are over 19 million vacant homes in th

    United States, more than enough to house all those living on the streets. Housing is not scarc

    either.

    It seems as though there is enough supply to meet the need for both food and housing, ye

    the reality for many people is that they are both scarce. They simply do not have the money t

    afford these basic necessities. Is money scarce?

    Statistics show the amount of government and personal debt in the United States is now mo

    than $34 trillion dollars, which would imply a lack of money. However, there is about $1trillion dollars in the money supply.

    Wait one second! Money is scarce! And when you investigate why, you will find that it is no

    scarce by accident. Due to the manner in which money comes into existence through interest

    bearing debt, money is always in short supply. This is because when loans are made, only th

    principal is created, while the corresponding interest must be found in the marketplace in

    never ending competition to avoid bankruptcy.

    And herein lies the problem. Why would the resource required for sustaining life in th

    economy be purposefully made scarce? (If we look hard enough, we may even find the sourc

    of our competitive world as well.)

    Abundance is the enemy of a free market economy. One need only attempt to sell an abunda

    resource (i.e. sand at the beach) to realize the futility in that endeavour. In the free mark

    system, goods must be scarce so that people would be willing to buy them.

    Long ago, entertainment, in the form of community gatherings, singing groups, and tow

    festivals was abundant and free. Today, most people purchase entertainment throug

    television, movies, sports, and concerts making the entertainment business a multi-billiodollar industry. From entertainment to child care to bottled water, many modern products an

    services that were once abundant and free have been made scarce and consequently are ab

    to be bought and sold. But are there examples of things that were once scarce that hav

    become abundant, and what kind of impact did that have?

    Thirty years ago, a gigabyte (GB) of data storage was very scarce. It fetched a hefty sum clos

    to half a million dollars. Today a GB of data storage costs about seven cents retail and as low

    as three cents wholesale. Storing a digital copy of a two-hour movie costs less than a dim

    While still not free and as abundant as air, many companies such as Google, YouTube, Facbook, and Drop box offer many gigabytes of free personal storage to any user with an e-ma

    address. Data storage is now abundant.

    This abundance of data storage has led to a revolution in global communications that

    connecting the human race unlike ever before. People are now able to upload and share digit

    content on what would have been considered to be an unimaginable scale just a few decade

    ago, causing a huge leap in the extension of human empathy globally. This is not the first tim

    that new technologies created abundance that transformed society. As Jeremy Rifkin writes

    The Empathic Civilization:

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    Before print, people shared their thoughts together orally, in face-to-face dialogue an

    exchange. The print revolution helped nurture a more meditative environment The mnemon

    redundancy of oral communication and the subjective eccentricities of medieval script we

    replaced by a more rational, calculating, analytical approach to knowledge_ This shift

    consciousness prepared the way for a new idea of human progress [and the Industri

    Revolution].

    The emergence of free, ubiquitous sharing of information, the dawn of the information ag

    and the ability for people the world to connect, and share ideas has created a unifying forcwith the potential to transform civilization itself.

    That is if we can create abundant energy. Despite being around for a century, energy

    becoming scarcer, as evidenced by the steady rise of gas prices. Additionally, oil pollutio

    resulting from the Deepwater Horizon spill and higher CO2 concentrations from the filth

    Alberta Tar Sands pose other ecologically-transparent, yet economically-hidden, costs. If th

    trend continues, fewer people will be able to afford to drive cars, heat their homes, and eve

    buy food. However, the world uses an estimated 16 terawatts of electricity annually sola

    power has the potential to produce 6,000 times current global production, certainly enough tcreate abundant energy.

    Abundant, distributed, clean energy is the key to a just and sustainable world. With abundan

    energy, there can be abundant water. With abundant water, there can be abundant food. Th

    time is now to abandon rigid ideologies and theories of an invisible hand promising an elusiv

    global prosperity and embrace the obvious necessity to transform our energy infrastructure t

    allow for the sharing of clean, distributed, abundant energy.

    Let us embrace new ways of thinking, explore new economic systems and living arrangemen

    that promote abundance, and keep the cans of clean air relegated to space of satiriccomedies.

    Courtesy: sustainableman.org ASuha

    Am I with the Right Person?

    During a seminar, a woman asked," How do I know if I am with the right person?"

    The author then noticed that there was a large man sitting next to her so he said, "

    depends. Is that your partner?"In all seriousness, question she answered "How do you know?"

    Let me answer this because the chances are good that it's weighing on your mind replie

    the author. Here's the answer.

    Every relationship has a cycle In the beginning; you fall in love with your partner. Yo

    anticipate their calls, want their touch, and like their idiosyncrasies. Falling in love wasn

    hard. In fact, it was a completely natural and spontaneous experience. You didn't have to

    do anything. That's why it's called "falling" in love.

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    People in love sometimes say, "I was swept of my feet."

    Picture the expression. It implies that you were just standing there; doing nothing, an

    then something happened to you.

    Falling in love is a passive and spontaneous experience. But after a few months or years o

    being together, the euphoria of love fades. It's a natural cycle of every relationship.

    Slowly but surely, phone calls become a bother (if they come at all), touch is not alway

    welcome (when it happens), and your spouse's idiosyncrasies, instead of being cute, driv

    you nuts. The symptoms of this stage vary with every relationship; you will notice

    dramatic difference between the initial stage when you were in love and a much duller o

    even angry subsequent stage.

    At this point, you and/or your partner might start asking, "Am I with the right person

    And as you reflect on the euphoria of the love you once had, you may begin to desire tha

    experience with someone else. This is when relationships breakdown.

    The key to succeeding in a relationship is not finding the right person; it's learning to lov

    the person you found.

    People blame their partners for their unhappiness and look outside for fulfillmen

    Extramarital fulfillment comes in all shapes and sizes.

    Infidelity is the most common. But sometimes people turn to work, a hobby, friendshi

    excessive TV, or abusive substances. But the answer to this dilemma does not lie outsid

    your relationship. It lies within it.

    I'm not saying that you couldn't fall in love with someone else. You could. And temporari

    you'd feel better. But you'd be in the same situation a few years later. Because (liste

    carefully to this):

    The key to succeeding in a Relationship is not finding the right person; it's learning to lov

    the person you found.

    Sustaining love is not a passive or spontaneous experience. You have to work on it day i

    and day out. It takes time, effort, and energy. And most importantly, it demands wisdom

    You have to know What to Do to make it work. Make no mistake about it.

    Love is not a mystery. There are specific things you can do (with or without your partner

    Just as there are physical laws of the universe (such as gravity), there are also laws fo

    relationships. If you know how to apply these laws, the results are predictable.

    Love is therefore a "decision". Not just a feeling.

    Remember this always: God determines who walks into your life. It is up to you to decid

    who you let walk away, who you let stay, and who you refuse to let go.

    - ASuha

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    It was their anniversary, and Reshma was waiting for her husband Rajiv to show up.

    Things had changed since their marriage, the once cute couple couldn't-live-without-each

    other had turned bitter.

    Fighting over every little things, both didn't like the way things had changed.

    Reshma was waiting to see if Rajiv remembered it was their anniversary!

    Just as the doorbell rang she ran to find her husband wet and smiling with a bunch of flowe

    in his hand.

    The two started re-living the old days. Making up for fights. And it was raining outside! It wa

    perfect.

    But the moment paused when the phone in the bedroom rang.

    Reshma went to pick it up and it was a man. "Hello ma'am I'm calling from the police station.

    this Mr Rajiv Mehra's number?"

    "Yes it is!"

    "I'm sorry ma'am; but there was an accident and a man died.

    We got this number from his wallet; we need you to come and identify his body."

    Reshma's heart sank. She was shocked!

    But my husband is here with me?"

    "Sorry ma'am, but the incident took place at 2 pm, when he was boarding the train."

    Reshma was about to lose her conscience.

    How could this happen?!

    She had heard about the soul of the person coming to meet a loved one before it leaves!

    She ran into the other room.

    He was not there. It was true! He had left her for good!!

    Oh God she would have died for another chance to mend every little fight! She rolled on th

    floor in pain. She lost her chance! Forever!

    Suddenly there was a noise from the bathroom, the door opened and Rajiv came out and sa

    "Darling, I forgot to tell you my wallet got stolen today".

    Life might not give you a second chance. So never waste a moment when you can still make u

    for your wrongs.

    No one is promised tomorrow. Have a wonderful life with no regrets!

    Suha

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    Well, You Could Have..

    An elderly lady decided to give herself a big treat for her 70th birthday by stayin

    overnight in a really nice luxurious hotel.

    When she checked out the next morning, the desk clerk handed her a bill for $250.00

    She demanded to know why the charge was so high.

    "I agree it's a nice hotel, but the rooms aren't worth $250.00 for just an overnight sta

    - I didn't even have breakfast!"

    The clerk told her that $250.00 is the 'standard rate,' and breakfast had been include

    had she wanted it.

    She insisted on speaking to the Manager.

    The Manager appeared and, forewarned by the desk clerk, announced: "This hotel ha

    an Olympic-sized pool and a huge conference centre which are available for use."

    "But I didn't use them."

    ''Well, they are here, and you could have."

    He went on to explain that she could also have seen one of the in-hotel shows fo

    which they were so famous."We have the best entertainers from the world ove

    performing here."

    "But I didn't go to any of those shows."

    "Well, we have them, and you could have."

    No matter what amenity the Manager mentioned, she replied,

    "But I didn't use it!" and the Manager countered with his standard response.

    After several minutes of discussion, and with the Manager still unmoved, she decide

    to pay, wrote a check and gave it to him.

    The Manager was surprised when he looked at the check.

    "But Madam, this check is for only $50.00"

    "That's correct" she replied

    "I charged you $200.00 for sleeping with me."

    "But I didn't sleep with you madam!" said the manager

    "Well, too bad, I was here, and you could have."

    Suha

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    The cup that cheers

    Business promoters often use scientific observation selectively to mislead the public and t

    augment sales of their products. Drink more coffee to lower the risk of gall stones; Drink alcoho

    to protect against heart attacks and bad cholesterol; Drink more tea to lower the risk disease

    stroke and cancer. these are just a few examples.

    Green tea, white tea, black tea and pure tea are all derived from the plant camellia sinensis, nativ

    to China and India. Tea has for a long time been considered a healthy drink, full of flavonoids an

    other goodies like anti-oxidants with a wide spectrum of possible health benefits reducing ris

    of cardio-vascular diseases, stroke, cancer, obesity, infections, osteoporosis, hyper-tensio

    neurological disorders, cognitive impairment and so on. Tea, especially green tea has more tha

    30 poly phenols and catechin called epi gallo catechin(EPG), that act in human system in positiv

    ways.

    Tea is the most widely consumed beverage after water. There are studies that indicate tha

    excessive consumption of tea may cause osteo-porosis, Alzheimers disease, digestive disorde

    pre-menstrual syndrome, cardio-vascular problem, urinary system disturbance, sleeplessnes

    kidney stones, nervous disorder and so on. Adverse effects are caused by the presence ofluorides, aluminium, tannins, oxalates and caffeine in tea leaves.

    Excessive consumption of tea could cause chromosomal damage, foetal lukaemia and liv

    damage. Risk of getting prostate cancer is higher in men who drink more than 7cups of tea pe

    day.

    Marketing hype drowns all negative findings; the industry controls the sponsored (and paid

    research to make profits. Our children are already irresistibly drawn to junk food that the docto

    consider unfit for human consumption, by aggressive propaganda. Dissemination of unbalance

    information is harmful; undeserving glorification is unethical. There is no conclusive evidence th

    tea and green tea will reduce risk of dreaded diseases. Medical research do not recommend for o

    against the use of tea to reduce cancer risk.

    No doubt, tea leaves are nutritionally good, like many other leaves we use in our diet, but the ta

    claims are clearly commercially motivated. A little tea may be good; more of it need not necessari

    be better.

    (Excerpts from Hindu article by Dr. Ramaprasa

    LAUGH

    Readers Digest

    A woman tells her priest, Father, I have a problem. My two female parrots only say, Hi, Cutie. Wann

    have some fun?

    Dont worry, says the priest. I have two male parrots who only pray and read Bible. Well put them

    the same cage your parrots are sure to stop saying that horrid phrase.

    The next day, the woman takes her parrots to the priests home. The male parrots are inside their cag

    holding rosary beads and praying. When the woman places the female parrots in the cage, they cry ou

    Hi, Cutie, Wanna have some fun?

    One male says to the other, Put the beads away, Frank. Our prayers have been answered.

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    NURSERY RHYMEJohny, Johny! Yes, Papa,

    Lot of tension? Yes, Papa,Too much work? Yes, Papa.Family life? No, Papa.BP, Sugar? Yes, Papa.

    Yearly bonus? Joke, Papa.Annual Pay? Low, Papa.Personal life? Lost, Papa.Promotion, Incentive? Ha, Ha, Ha!!!

    (Face Book)

    EXERCISE CAN BE AS GOOD AS PILLS

    Michelle Roberts (BBC)

    Short regular bouts of exercise could add years to your life,-saexperts.

    British Medical Journal looked at hundreds of trials involvin340000 patients to assess the merits of exercise and drugs preventing death.

    Physical activity rivaled some heart drugs and out-performed somstroke medicine. The findings suggest exercise should be added prescriptions. Experts stress that patients should not ditch the

    drugs for exercise, - rather, they should use both in tandem.

    Few adults currently get enough exercise. Only a third of people do the moderate-intensity activities likecycling and fast walking for two and a half hour or more per week as recommended.

    Exercise with pills has been the subject of many researchers across the globe. The study involves managinheart disease, stroke rehabilitation, heart failure and pre-diabetes.

    Experts agree that exercise and drugs were comparable in terms of death rates. There were two exceptionDiuretics were the clear winner for heart failure patients and Exercise was best for strokepatients.

    CHARITYYou can look at charity in different perspectives. Here are a few revelations:

    I dont believe in charity; I believe in solidarity.

    Charity is vertical; it goes from the top to the bottom.

    Solidarity is horizontal; it respects the other person.

    I have a lot to learn from other people.

    -Eduardo Galeono. Rationalhub.com

    Charity is the easiest means to get acknowledged, appreciated, honored and rewarded.

    It may lessen the intensity of the feeling of guilt in the givers heart, thats all. In fact, suc

    charity perpetuates poverty. (Face Book

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    SYNCHRO-PHASORS AND SMART GRID

    Electric Power system accounts for a critical part of our societys energy infrastructure. Over the years, whave grown to depend on the near-perfect reliability of these systems that have become a necessary part our everyday lives. When we enter a room, we instinctly reach for the light switch, without the slighteconcern that it wont turn on. All our household appliances, commercial devices and all our tools anequipments ranging from construction site to offices require electricity for operation. It is not as if we assumelectricity will always be available; it is that we believeelectricity will always be available.

    This kind of reliability doesnt happen without a great deal of effort from individuals such as engineers anlarger bodies such as electric utilities, Universities and government organizations. One of the key aspects

    maintaining the reliability of a large system such as the electrical power grid, is finding a way to provide feedback to those who control it. Finding a way to accurately monitor the system has been the goal engineers for a major portion of life of our electric grid. If system operators can be provided with appropriatinformation regarding the condition of the system, then they can use that information to make decisions, th

    will improve not only the day-to-day reliability of the system but allow for engineers to plan more effectivefor the future.

    State estimation is a facet of electric power engineering that has evolved out of these needs. Engineebegan developing ways to monitor their systems from a central control room. They developed communicatiosystems to collect measurement information across systems and developed system models that couportray the structure of the network. A computer then took in all information and computed an optimizeportrait of the system operating conditions called the system state. With this set of information, an adequate

    trained professional could understand everything that is going on in the system and make operation ancontrol decisions accordingly.

    Many technologies have come along after the inception of state estimation that have improved iperformance and drove it to become an integral part of the control center operations. Phasor MeasuremeUnit (PMU) will serve as the next step in improving the quality of the estimate of the system state, providinoperator with better information to achieve a high level of system reliability. While the PMUs are still mornoticeably expensive, the gains of monitoring the transmission part with the newer time-synchronizemeasurement devices stands to outweigh the financial drawbacks.

    The state of the system can be defined as the minimum set of parameters that must be known to fuperceive the operating conditions of the system. When applied to electric power systems, the system state a set of complex voltages at every node of the network. In conjunction with the network topology an

    impedances (which are constant and known), every line flow or injection can be calculated. In the paoperators collected a set of incomplete and unsynchronized measurements, which they would subsequentinsert into a load flow calculation in an attempt to find the operating point of the system. This was veinexact and most times led to divergence of load flow equations.

    As the size and complexity of the system grows, it becomes exceedingly more important for systeoperators to know how the system is behaving. This becomes most evident when simple contingencieoccur, cascades to neighboring systems and eventually cause large blackouts. In most historic examples, thscale of black outs could have been reduced, if the system operators had more up-to-date informatioregarding their systems operating conditions.

    PMUs are digital metering devices that use a DFT algorithm with a precisely timed GPS signal to provid

    synchronized phasor values at different locations in the power system. The technology can generasynchronized measurements, despite the large distances that separate the metering points. PMU output accurately time-stamped voltage and current phasors. The theoretical accuracy of synchronization is bettthan 1microsecond. Waveform can be measured at a rate of 48 samples per cycle.

    IEEE has standardized protocols vide C37.118.1 for phasor estimation and C37.118.2 for communicatio(Last revised in 2011)PMU technology has been successfully implemented in pilot and full-fledged projects. They have a great roin the future smart grid regime. They can be deployed to monitor remotely sensors and actuators at varioupoints on the grid. They provide valuable Wide Area Situational Awareness. Successful integration of mulgeneration sources like wind and solar with the grid will become easier, hopefully encouraging their fullexploitation and leading to reduced dependence on traditional resources.PMU technology has the potential to change the economics of power delivery.

    (Sources: Virginia Polytechnic thesis library, Smartgrid library, Wikipedia, IEEE

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    HAPPENINGS

    Kannur

    Er. A.V. Mohanan Nambiar relinquished the office of the secretary of the Kannurunit of the Senior Engineers. He had a long innings of 10 glorious years at the helm,spearheading pioneering initiatives and innovative programs. A new team for 2014(with a few changes), elected in December 2013, was sworn in on 14.01.2014.There were pleas from several quarters that Er. Mohanan Nambiar should benominated the program coordinator, to keep the Forum unit as virile as ever. Er.

    Nambiar later confessed to his secret ambition to organize another state meet ofKSEB Senior Engineers at Kannur in 2014.

    Senior Engineers, Kannur decided to conduct a family visit to Barapole SHE Project(3x5 MW, under construction), for which Ers. Mohanan Nambiar and Thomas wouldbe the joint conveners, on 11thFebruary. The coach will leave Vaidyuthi Bhavanamat 0830hours. Those with nimble limbs can consider the challenging option to join a1-hour trek into the deep forest for a rendezvous with Nature and Wild Life.

    -Nayan

    TIPS ON INVESTMENT IN SHARES- CXXVIIIThe markets in January behaved quite unpredictably towards the end of the month. Th

    sensex moved down from 21140 on 1stJan to 21064 on 17

    thand the Nifty moved dow

    from 6302 to 6262 during the same period. Thereafter both indices moved up to an atime intraday high of 21483 and 6346 on 23

    rd. The main driving force for the rally was th

    good third quarter performances of the companies and slight reduction in the value oinflation (6.16%) for Dec. However from there on in three days, sensex lost about 69points due to news on tapering of market intervention by the U.S.Govt. The econompolicy review by the Reserve Bank on 28

    thalso did not aid the markets. Quit

    unexpectedly the repo and reverse repo rates were enhanced by the central bank in a bi

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    to contain inflation to a reasonable level. This will cause interest rates to be enhanced bbanks and companies will find it difficult to manage funds required for their operationReserve Bank considered that reducing inflation is more important than development ainflation will affect everyone in the country.The sensex was moving in a range of 20550and 21500 during the month. This could be consolidation phase before the next up move. This will imply that the medium term utrend from17448 has one more leg to go. A strong close above 21500 is required for thto be right. It is also possible that the move from 17448 is in its final stage and forming terminal pattern. Continued sideways movements between 20500and 21500 followed b

    a break below 20000 will mean that the index has topped out and is headed lower in thmedium term. However a strong move below 20000 is needed to show a down trend.The Nifty reached a high of 6346before reversing lower. The index is moving in the rangof 6130 and 6415 during the month. A strong close above 6420 is required for keepinthe medium term trend to make a rally. Otherwise the index will continue to move in thrange. Only a strong close below 5900 will make the medium term trend negative. The next Loksabha election and subsequent formation of a Govt will have strong effecton the market. A strong govt. will cause uptrend in the markets. An unstable govt waffect the markets severely. Every investor should track their portfolios and decide on thcourse of action to be taken very keenly in the coming days. Till the formation of the govthe markets are very likely to continue their movements in a range bound manner.