Lincoln’s Goal: to preserve the Union

At 6 feet 4 inches tall, Lincoln towered over most of his contemporaries. Acquired this hat from J.Y. Davis, a Washington hat maker. Lincoln had the black silk mourning band added in remembrance of his son, Willie.

The last time Lincoln war this top hat was to go to Ford’s Theatre on April 14,1865.

Actions taken by Lincoln• Never recognized the existence of the Confederate

States – Union is one and indivisible!• Called out state militias, increased size of navy,

ordered naval blockade of South, approved funds for military expenses (acting as Commander in Chief”)

• Ordered arrest of Southern sympathizers in Md. & Del. to prevent further secession– Suspended (temporarily stopped) the writ of habeas

corpus (must be charged with a crime in order to be held) – Declared martial law (military in charge of gov’t)

Important Document s (Motivate the Union!)• Emancipation Proclamation

1. September 22, 1862, issued2. January 1,1863, take effect3. Lincoln’s statement that if the

Southern states did not stop the rebellion, it would become a war to free slaves (in the rebelling territories)

4. Authorized the use of African American soldiers by the North

Ended any chance of European help to the South now that this was a war about slavery

5. South ignores him!...Doesn’t consider him their President!!!

(Jefferson Davis is CSA president)

6. Emancipation did NOT apply to Border States…13th Amend. Does!

• The Gettysburg Address1. November 19,18632. Lincoln’s speech at the

dedication of a cemetery after the Battle of Gettysburg

3. Motivation to keep fighting and not negotiate a peace treaty…Reminder that democracy often requires sacrifice.

Effects of the Civil War

Political

• Federal Supremacy over States’ Rights– One nation, indivisible – No more threats of

secession– Power of national government continues to

increase– Power of the President as Commander in

Chief increases significantly

Economic

• North– Prosperity, industry boomed

• West– Agricultural products in demand– The Homestead Act (1862) – 160 acres free if settled

for 5 years

• South– Devastated – most of the war was fought in the South– Loss of slave labor

Social

• Heavy casualties – 620,000 total

• Bitterness toward each other

• Issues of civil rights and civil liberties remain…