l’importanza dei corridoi ecologici a scala Europea · l’importanza dei corridoi ecologici a...

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04/04/2012 1 l’importanza dei corridoi ecologici a scala Europea Corridoi ecologici tra Parco del Ticino e Parco del Campo dei fiori Theo van der Sluis Italia, Varese, Marzo 2012 Content of presentation Introduction: Changes in Europe Why ecological networks? European policy on ecological networks Ecology of corridors, infrastructure Examples corridors Conclusions

Transcript of l’importanza dei corridoi ecologici a scala Europea · l’importanza dei corridoi ecologici a...

Page 1: l’importanza dei corridoi ecologici a scala Europea · l’importanza dei corridoi ecologici a scala Europea Corridoi ecologici tra Parco del Ticino e Parco del Campo dei fiori

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l’importanza dei corridoi ecologici a scala

Europea

Corridoi ecologici tra Parco del Ticino e Parco del Campo dei fiori

Theo van der Sluis

Italia, Varese, Marzo 2012

Content of presentation

Introduction: Changes in Europe

Why ecological networks?

European policy on ecological networks

Ecology of corridors, infrastructure

Examples corridors

Conclusions

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In the past:

Large scale

(semi-)natural

ecosystems

Limited human

impact

Introduction: the picture of Europe

Introduction: the picture of Europe

Europe at

present:

Strongly

Urbanised

Fragmented,

physically and

organisational

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Introduction: the picture of Europe

95% of the population is living in urban centres; an urbanising trend in west and central Europe;

Growing urban mentality, disconnected from the rural;

Landscape homogenisation and fragmentation;

Infrastructure results in fragmented natural areas.

Unter Modern life causes fragmentation of all kind Introduction: the picture of Europe

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We have to deal with fragmentation:

Terrestrial wetlands in the Netherlands

• Of importance for 127 bird species

• International responsibility: 91 species

• 55 species: >10% world population

• 50.000 ha, 1500 sites

>80% is smaller than 10 ha

• Much of the areas that could

be used are not used

Model calculations:

Even the “large” marshes are too small for most species, but:

All marshes together are big enough

Problem: Marsh complexes are so far apart that even mobile species cannot bridge the gap

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Solution?

Connecting Nature!

Reinforce the spatial coherence of nature in rural and urban Europe

Improve the effectiveness of investments in nature

Fast changing ecosystems

Intensification versus...

Extensification grazing land (Italy, Croatia, Portugal, Spain)

Loss of traditional land use systems like Dehesas

Changes in Southern Europe

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Transhumance in the Mediterranean

Changes in Southern Europe

Driveways are disappearing

Changes in Southern Europe

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What remains: Isolated areas of nature

Changes in Southern Europe

Towards sustainability

Land use intensity: loss of biodiversity

Land use changes

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In the past At present

X

X X

From fragmented...

Not connected Connected /

‘Defragmented’

Ecological

Networks,

Corridors!

.... To defragmentated

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Development of ecological networks...

An ecological network might consist of core areas, buffer zones, corridors, and in some cases restoration areas. The core areas might form the backbone of the ecological network, the corridors the veins, whereas

the buffer zones form a protective layer and restoration areas the areas for recovery or expansion.

Is this network large enough for long

term persistence of species ‘x’?

Development of ecological networks...

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Experiences gained in

LIFE-Econet projects

Emilia-Romagna

Persiceto

Abruzzo

● Study brown bear

Umbria

Development of ecological networks...

Development of ecological networks...

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1995: 55 countries decide to develop a European Ecological network (PEEN). Aim: stop further fragmentation, and improve landscape connectivity

1997: Expert Committee appointed Secretariat: Council of Europe and European Centre for Nature Conservation (ECNC)

European Ecological networks

1992: EU: Natura 2000, Birds and Habitats Directive. Aim: international approach for protecting core areas biodiversity

Natura 2000 – Birds and Habitats Directive

habitat:

The Habitat Directive of the European Union (1992)

acknowledges in Article 10 the importance of landscape

elements that enhance connectivity ('corridors'). The Directive

encourages member states to include those landscape elements

in their land-use planning and development policies which they

consider appropriate. Furthermore, other global and European

policies such as the Bonn and Bern Convention oblige

contracting parties to take effective measures in conservation

and management of the listed species and habitats.

European Ecological networks

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Translate metapopulation knowledge into

spatial parameters for long-term persistence

Carrying capacity Connectivity

Viability

Quality network as

habitat

Network area

Habitat density

Landscape matrix

(resistance)

Opdam, Verboom & Pouwels 2003

National

policies

Water

directive

Habitat

Directive,

Natura 2000

Habitat

Directive,

article 10/

CAP

Patch

quality

Network

area

Network

density

Matrix

permeability

Opdam, Steingröver, Van Rooij 2006

Current policy supports different strategies

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12

34

56

78

0

0.15

0.3

0.45

1250

500750

10001250

1500

coverage water vegetation

colonisation

chance

distance to nearest occupied pond

Van der Sluis et al. 1999

Translate metapopulation knowledge into

spatial parameters for long-term persistence

Minimum area viable population network (ha)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

Great

crested

newt

Viper Stonechat Bittern

key patch

nw+kp

nw-kp

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De-fragmentation measures

Analysis Alterra

LARCH model

Comprehensive national

study Ministry of Roads &

Infrastructure

Eliminating Barriers: Noord Brabant Province

De-fragmentation measures

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De-fragmentation measures

Bild: RWS

De-fragmentation measures

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Which species require corridors most?

Dispersal poor Dispersal good

Small network

area is enough

Habitat specialists,

poor dispersers

Large network

area required

Large area

requirements

Which species require corridors

most?

Van Swaay in: van der Sluis et al, 2004

Network analysis with LARCH model

Red copper in Middle Europe

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Which species require corridors

most?

Groot-Bruinderink in: Van der Sluis et al, 2004

Network analysis with GRIDWALK model Lynx in Europe

http://www2.alterra.wur.nl/webdocs/internet/corporate/prodpubl/boekjesbrochures/ecnc_compleet.pdf

Van der Sluis et al, 2004

Thinking about corridors...

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Example - robust corridor marshes

(from Handbook)

Example: robust corridors, design with

ecological traits

Shrubs with some

aquatic habitat

(Handbook Robust Corridors, 2001)

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Example: corridors Abruzzo

(van der Grift, & van der Sluis,

2003. Disegno di una rete

ecologica nella Piana di Navelli

(Abruzzo). Networks for LIFE.

Example: corridors Abruzzo

(van der Grift, & van der Sluis, 2003.

Disegno di una rete ecologica nella Piana di Navelli (Abruzzo). Networks for LIFE.

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Example: corridors Abruzzo

(van der Grift, & van der Sluis, 2003.

Disegno di una rete ecologica nella Piana di Navelli (Abruzzo). Networks for LIFE

Prediction of

shifting climate

zones

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(van Eupen et al, 2009)

International challenges: climate change

International challenges: climate change

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Conclusions

Ecological networks should be species based

Spatial models can assist in development of ecological networks and corridors

Target your corridors for specific species (groups)

The dimensions and characteristics will follow...

Species approach is important in communication with stakeholders (umbrella species, flagship species)

Thank you!

[email protected]