Limits to the Exponential Advances in DWDM Filter … · Limits to the Exponential Advances ......

Limits to the Exponential Advancesin DWDM Filter Technology?

DARPA/MTO WDM for Military PlatformsDARPA/MTO WDM for Military PlatformsDARPA/MTO WDM for Military PlatformsDARPA/MTO WDM for Military PlatformsApril 18-19, 2000April 18-19, 2000April 18-19, 2000April 18-19, 2000

McLeanMcLeanMcLeanMcLean, VA, VA, VA, VA

Philip J. AnthonyE-TEK Dynamics

San Jose CA

[email protected]

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE, DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITEDREVIEW OF THIS MATERIAL DOES NOT IMPLY DEPARTMENT OFDEFENSE INDORSEMENT OF FACTUAL ACCURACY OR OPINION

Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering andmaintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information,including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, ArlingtonVA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if itdoes not display a currently valid OMB control number.

1. REPORT DATE 18 APR 2000

2. REPORT TYPE N/A

3. DATES COVERED -

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Limits to the Exponential Advances in DWDM Filter Technology?

5a. CONTRACT NUMBER

5b. GRANT NUMBER

5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER

6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER

5e. TASK NUMBER

5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) E-TEK Dynamics San Jose, CA

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATIONREPORT NUMBER

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S)

11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S)

12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release, distribution unlimited

13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES DARPA/MTO, WDM for Military Platforms Workshop held in McLean, VA on April 18-19, 2000, Theoriginal document contains color images.

14. ABSTRACT

15. SUBJECT TERMS

16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

UU

18. NUMBEROF PAGES

30

19a. NAME OFRESPONSIBLE PERSON

a. REPORT unclassified

b. ABSTRACT unclassified

c. THIS PAGE unclassified

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18

Limits to the Exponential Advancesin DWDM Filter Technology?

DARPA/MTO WDM for Military Platforms

• Progress in DWDM Filtering Technology! Thin Film Filters! Arrayed Waveguide Gratings! Holographic Gratings

• Interleaver Status• Roadmap for the Near Future


TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS

Gas turbineSteam turbine

FlourescentCharles ParsonsT riple expansion

Cornish II

Cornish IJames Wat t II

James Wat t I

T homas Newcomen

T homas Savery

GaAs diode

Steam turbine

MercurySodium

T ungsten filament

Celulose filament

Edison's first lamp

Paraffin candle

10 Gb/s @25 GHz

10 Gb/s @50 GHz

10 Gb/s @100 GHz

4 x 10Gb/s

8 x 2.5Gb/s

0%

1%

10%

100%

1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050

RES

OU

RC

E EF

FIC

IEN

CY

Steam Engines 1

Lamps 1

DWDMSystems

0.1%

1) Jesse H. Ausubel, "Where is Energy Going?", The Industrial Physicist, Vol. 6 (1), p. 17 (Feb. 2000). pja 3/2/00


0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Yiel

ds

400 GHz 200 GHz 100 GHz 50 GHz

Industry Filter Yield ImprovementsIndustry Filter Yield ImprovementsIndustry Filter Yield ImprovementsIndustry Filter Yield Improvements


50GHz DWDM Spectrum-Transmission

-35-30-25-20-15-10-50

1545 1547 1549 1551 1553 1555 1557

Wavelength (nm)

IL (d

B)


-20

-18

-16

-14

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

1556.0 1556.5 1557.0 1557.5 1558.0Wavelength (nm)

Tran

smis

sion

(dB

)

-1.0

-0.9

-0.8

-0.7

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0.0

Tran

smis

sion

(dB

)

100 GHz Filter Shapes100 GHz Filter Shapes100 GHz Filter Shapes100 GHz Filter Shapes100 GHz Filter Shapes100 GHz Filter Shapes100 GHz Filter Shapes100 GHz Filter Shapes


0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

REFLECT CHANNEL (ISOLATION) WIDTH (nm)

PASS

CH

ANN

EL W

IDTH

(nm

)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

50% FILL FACTOR

1998

1997

400 GHz

200 GHz

100% FILL FACTOR

100 GHz

50 GHz

1999

100 GHz

1998

19992000

?

200 GHz

200 GHz

100 GHz

1996

1999

DWDM THIN FILM FILTER PROGRESSDWDM THIN FILM FILTER PROGRESSDWDM THIN FILM FILTER PROGRESSDWDM THIN FILM FILTER PROGRESSDWDM THIN FILM FILTER PROGRESSDWDM THIN FILM FILTER PROGRESSDWDM THIN FILM FILTER PROGRESSDWDM THIN FILM FILTER PROGRESS


AWG DWDM MUX & DEMUXAWG DWDM MUX & DEMUXAWG DWDM MUX & DEMUXAWG DWDM MUX & DEMUXAWG DWDM MUX & DEMUXAWG DWDM MUX & DEMUXAWG DWDM MUX & DEMUXAWG DWDM MUX & DEMUX


-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

1552 1553 1554 1555 1556

M=60M=100M=140

wavelength (nm)

Loss

(dB)

Sidelobes v.s. Waveguide Numbers

Basic Performance of an AWG


Basic Waveguide Structure

Silicon-on-SiliconSilicon-on-SiliconSilicon-on-SiliconSilicon-on-Silicon((((Bookham Bookham Bookham Bookham Technology)Technology)Technology)Technology)

•easier to manufacture, Si-CMOS process•pure semiconductorwaveguide, small bendingradius, small chip size• difficult to package dueto mode miss-match•few vendors, little R&D•offer lowest X-Talk•further integration, OEIC

Si-Substrate

SiO2 BufferSi-Waveguide

SiO2 Cladding


Packaged Silicon AWGPackaged Silicon AWGPackaged Silicon AWGPackaged Silicon AWGPackaged Silicon AWGPackaged Silicon AWGPackaged Silicon AWGPackaged Silicon AWG


-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

1527 1532 1537 1542 1547 1552 1557 1562Wavelength (nm)

Inse

rtio

n L

oss

(-dB

)Typical Spectrum of Packaged AWG ModuleTypical Spectrum of Packaged AWG ModuleTypical Spectrum of Packaged AWG ModuleTypical Spectrum of Packaged AWG Module


Holographic grating DWMHolographic grating DWM

Simple structure, high channel count

Planar waveguideswithS-bends

Concave holographicgrating

12-15 cm

~3 cm

λλλλ1 , , , , λλλλ2 , , , , ............ λλλλN

λλλλ5

λλλλN


Holographic Grating AttributesHolographic Grating Attributes

•High channel count, yet completelypassive

•High isolation >40 dB•Less developed than PAWG

Issues:!Channel uniformity!Passband flatness!Polarization-dependent loss


Measured HG Response (Not Flattened)Measured HG Response (Not Flattened)

50 channels @ 100 GHz, not flattened

1525 1530 1535 1540 1545 1550 1555 1560 1565-50

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0Channels passbands

wavelength, nm

Tran

smis

sion

, dB


Basic Michelson-Gires-Basic Michelson-Gires-TournoisTournois Interleaver Structure Interleaver Structure

EEEEreflreflreflrefl

After Dingel and Aruga, JLT vol. 17(8), pp. 1461, 1999.

L1 = 2L2


Packaged Prototype 25-GHz InterleaverPackaged Prototype 25-GHz Interleaver


25-GHz Interleaver Characteristics25-GHz Interleaver Characteristics

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555

Wavelength (nm)

Rel

ativ

e Po

wer

(dB

)

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE, DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

REVIEW OF THIS MATERIAL DOES NOT IMPLY DEPARTMENT OFDEFENSE INDORSEMENT OF FACTUAL ACCURACY OR OPINION

25-GHz Interleaver Characteristics25-GHz Interleaver Characteristics

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

1551.5 1552 1552.5 1553 1553.5 1554

Wavelength (nm)

Rel

ativ

e Po

wer

(dB

)



25-GHz Interleaver Characteristics25-GHz Interleaver Characteristics(Insertion Loss ~ 2 dB)(Insertion Loss ~ 2 dB)

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

1552 1552.2 1552.4 1552.6 1552.8 1553

Wavelength (nm)

Rel

ativ

e Po

wer

(dB

)



System Demo with KestrelSystem Demo with Kestrel

• Using a 25-GHz interleaver and 10-Gbpsoptical FDM systems, a two-channel ultra-dense WDM system was demonstrated.

• BERs down to 10-12 were achieved.• No BER floor observed.• Power penalty due to interleaver was

negligible.


Optical Frequency Division Multiplexing (Kestrel)Optical Frequency Division Multiplexing (Kestrel)

PhotoDetector

Laser OpticalModulator

f1

...Combiner

Enco

de a

ndM

odul

ate

Enco

de a

ndM

odul

ate

Enco

de a

ndM

odul

ate

fN

s1 s2 sN

Amp & BPF

f2 f1

...Splitter

Dem

odul

ate

and

Dec

ode

Dem

odul

ate

and

Dec

ode

Dem

odul

ate

and

Dec

ode

fN

s1 s2 sN

Amp & BPF

f2



Spectra For Three Different Methods Of Transmitting 10 GbpsSpectra For Three Different Methods Of Transmitting 10 Gbps

TDM:OC-192

DWDM:4 OC-48’s

Optical FDM

20 GHz

50 GHz

Less than 20 GHz(Kestrel)(Kestrel)(Kestrel)(Kestrel)(Kestrel)(Kestrel)(Kestrel)(Kestrel)


DWDM System BERDWDM System BER

1.E-13

1.E-12

1.E-11

1.E-10

1.E-09

1.E-08

1.E-07

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Relative Received Optical Power (dB)

Bit

Erro

r Rat

e

193.081 193.055Laser frequency (THz):


Impact of Interleaver on BERImpact of Interleaver on BER

1.E-11

1.E-10

1.E-09

1.E-08

1.E-07

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Relative Received Optical Power (dB)

Bit E

rror R

ate

EDFA, no interleaverEDFA & interleaverNo interleaver & no EDFA


INTERLEAVER DISPERSIONINTERLEAVER DISPERSION

E-TEK Interleaver Dispersion Measurement

10

20

30

40

50

1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545

wavelength (nm)De

lay

(ps)

-50

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

Tran

smis

sion

(dB)

Group Delay Transmission

Other Interleaver Dispersion Measurement

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

1542.5 1543.5 1544.5 1545.5 1546.5 1547.5

wavelength (nm)

Dela

y (p

s)

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

tran

smis

sion

(dB)

Delay Transmission

Special Thanks to Agilent Technologies: R. Fortenberry, F. Liang, A. Nooriala, J. Zhang for dispersion measurement



Less Than 1ps DGDLess Than 1ps DGD


25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

1542.3 1542.7 1543.1 1543.5 1543.9

wavelength (nm)De

lay

(ps)

-50

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

Tran

smis

sion

(dB)



10

20

30

40

50

1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545

wavelength (nm)

Dela

y (p

s)

-50

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

Tran

smis

sion

(dB)


Special Thanks to Agilent Technologies: R. Fortenberry, F. Liang, A. Nooriala, J. Zhang for dispersion measurement



Temperature Dependent of Type II 100 GHz Interleaver

-50

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260

Frequency (GHz ref. @ 194000 GHz)

Tran

smis

sion

(dB

)

Temp=23 Temp=60

Interleaver Temperature DependenceInterleaver Temperature Dependence


DWDM Component Development Road MapDWDM Component Development Road Map

19991999199919991999199919991999 20002000200020002000200020002000 20012001200120012001200120012001

InterleaverInterleaverInterleaverInterleaverInterleaverInterleaverInterleaverInterleaver

Thin FilmThin FilmThin FilmThin FilmThin FilmThin FilmThin FilmThin Film

AWGAWGAWGAWGAWGAWGAWGAWG

Diffraction GratingDiffraction GratingDiffraction GratingDiffraction GratingDiffraction GratingDiffraction GratingDiffraction GratingDiffraction Grating

Add/DropAdd/DropAdd/DropAdd/DropAdd/DropAdd/DropAdd/DropAdd/Drop

Wavelength LockerWavelength LockerWavelength LockerWavelength LockerWavelength LockerWavelength LockerWavelength LockerWavelength Locker

100 GHz100 GHz100 GHz100 GHz100 GHz100 GHz100 GHz100 GHz 50 GHz50 GHz50 GHz50 GHz50 GHz50 GHz50 GHz50 GHz

100 GHz100 GHz100 GHz100 GHz100 GHz100 GHz100 GHz100 GHz

40 ch40 ch40 ch40 ch40 ch40 ch40 ch40 ch 80 ch80 ch80 ch80 ch80 ch80 ch80 ch80 ch

40 ch40 ch40 ch40 ch40 ch40 ch40 ch40 ch 80 ch80 ch80 ch80 ch80 ch80 ch80 ch80 ch

config 2 chconfig 2 chconfig 2 chconfig 2 chconfig 2 chconfig 2 chconfig 2 chconfig 2 ch

50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 GHzGHzGHzGHzGHzGHzGHzGHz???????? 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 GHzGHzGHzGHzGHzGHzGHzGHz????????

Fiber GratingFiber GratingFiber GratingFiber GratingFiber GratingFiber GratingFiber GratingFiber Grating 50 GHz50 GHz50 GHz50 GHz50 GHz50 GHz50 GHz50 GHz Dispersion CompensationDispersion CompensationDispersion CompensationDispersion CompensationDispersion CompensationDispersion CompensationDispersion CompensationDispersion Compensation


developmentdevelopmentdevelopmentdevelopmentdevelopmentdevelopmentdevelopmentdevelopmentproductionproductionproductionproductionproductionproductionproductionproduction researchresearchresearchresearchresearchresearchresearchresearchKEY:KEY:KEY:KEY:KEY:KEY:KEY:KEY:

4/3/00

config 32 chconfig 32 chconfig 32 chconfig 32 chconfig 32 chconfig 32 chconfig 32 chconfig 32 chconfig 4 chconfig 4 chconfig 4 chconfig 4 chconfig 4 chconfig 4 chconfig 4 chconfig 4 ch config 16 chconfig 16 chconfig 16 chconfig 16 chconfig 16 chconfig 16 chconfig 16 chconfig 16 ch


PMD ControlPMD ControlPMD ControlPMD ControlPMD ControlPMD ControlPMD ControlPMD Control

50 GHz50 GHz50 GHz50 GHz50 GHz50 GHz50 GHz50 GHz25 GHz25 GHz25 GHz25 GHz25 GHz25 GHz25 GHz25 GHz



OPTICAL NETWORK EVOLUTIONOPTICAL NETWORK EVOLUTION

0%

100%

0% 100%

Networking Funtionality in the Optical Layer

Shar

e of

Tra

nspo

rt M

arke

t

Rel

ativ

e Pr

ice

/ Per

form

ance

NOWFUTUREPRICE / PERFORMANCE

MESH OF DWDM PIPES

FIXED ADD / DROP

CONFIGURABLE ADD / DROP OXC

Networking Functionality in the Optical LayerNetworking Functionality in the Optical Layer


Limits to the Exponential Advances in DWDM Filter … · Limits to the Exponential Advances ......

Documents

Transcript of Limits to the Exponential Advances in DWDM Filter … · Limits to the Exponential Advances ......