Dr. Ligy Philip, ProfessorDept. of Civil Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, INDIA

Introduction• Bottom last in Human Development Index (187‐

2011),• Child mortality and maternal mortality rates 170 

deaths per 1,000 live births and 540 per 100,000 live births (2011)

• Primary school enrolment rose from 61 per cent (2007) to 75 per cent (2010). 

• 43 per cent of children continue to suffer from chronic malnutrition, a situation that has not changed since 2001.

WASH SITUATION•Currently 47% of the population has access to safe drinking water (83% urban and 31% rural)• 14% of the population has access to adequate sanitation facilities (36% urban and 4% rural) •There are cholera epidemics every year in some provinces including more than 20,000 cases per year with a mortality rate of 7%.

Healthy Village & Schools Programme Certification Process

- Community-based Demand for Integrating the programme- Community formal engagement with duty-bearers (signature of MoU)- Local Governance: election of the healthy village committee- Baseline and end line analysis of behaviours, attitudes and practices of households (KAP surveys)- Participatory Self-Assessment of the community water, hygiene and sanitation situation- Community-based Planning process- Community Based Action using internal resources with external support- Celebration of community achievements & certification village "healthy"- Sustainability monitoring & support to ensure maintenance of infrastructure and behaviour changes.

Healthy Village Norms for Certification: a complete WASH package

• The village has an active gender balanced healthy village comittee• At least 80% of the population has access to clean water• At least 80% of households have access to hygienic latrines• At least 80% of households dispose of their solid waste hygienically 

in a pit• At least 60% of the population wash their hands with soap or use 

ash before preparing food or eating and after latrine use• At least 70% of the population understands the faecal‐oral route of 

disease transmission and how to prevent it• The village is cleaned at least once a month by the community... And similar norms apply for the Healthy Schools

Phase 1 Results (2008‐2012)Phase 2 Expected Results (2013‐2017)• Program started in 2006• Beneficiaries: 3,50,000 million and 2,40,000 students • To date: 

– 5289 villages in process, of which 3256 certified– 1425 schools in process, of which 1054 certified 

GOAL 2017• 7500 villages to be certified• 6.6 million beneficiaries

WHY WSP?UNEP and others’ Findings• Household contamination of water (no HWT)• Poor hygiene practices (Transport +PoU)• Microbial contamination highly prevalent: Regular Cholera out breaks in some areas

• Maintenance of “healthy” status problematic• No water quality surveillance capacities +logistics• VA‐ Complementary approach: Villages supported by other NGOs in WASH Certified as “Healthy”

Typical practices that cause water Contamination

Water is being collected in wide mouthed vessels Water is being transported in uncovered vessels

Hand is used as a funnel for collection of water During transport, hands are dipping in water

Unclean Storage Vessels

Inside view of a water collection vessel Layers of microbial growth inside( Jerry Can) a Jerry Can

WATER SAFETY PLANS

ENSURE WATER QUALITY 

CONSISTENTLY

AT THE POINT OF USE

RISK MANAGEMENT APPROACH

Analyze the water chain, hazards and risks

Identify and implement control measures & corrective measures

Emphasis more on Prevention and Management than Control

THE WATER CHAIN

SOURCE & CATCHMENT TRANSPORT POINT OF USE

The Structure of WSP

The big “kiss” with VA…

VA

0 Application

1 Community Involvment

2 Local Governance

3 Preliminary Analysis

4 Participatory Assessment

8 Community party and sharing

7 measure impact

6 Community Based Action

5 Community Planning

WSP

facilitation team describes process and expected results

Chief medical officer visits the village

Diritti e doveri

Mobilization resources

GoC contribution explained

Sign Agreement

identify people to train on water maintenance

Collect money

create committee of 7 people

Questionner on health conditions

Morbility from dirty water

WASH knwledge

Partecipatory assessment of wash

learn more

Visita Chief Medical Officer

Share exp with other villages

Condivide best practices

KAP

Self evaluation

Maintenance plan

Check criteria

Implement Plan of action

messages disseminated

mobilise local resources

Facilitation team comes back every weekWASH advisorNGO

Plan of action based on findings in 4

selected practices

simple interventions

who does why when

Indicators

Engage community

Describe Water Supply

Monitor control measures and veryfy effectiveness

Identify hazards and risks

Document and review

Develop improvment plan

Create WSP team

Incorporation of WSP into exisitng certified VA?

Selection criteria

Tool

Holistic multy sources description

Subdivide in chain elements

Identify producers and users

Comunity tool

Facilitator

spring

river

handpump

water vendor

open well

Management plan

Emergency plan

Drafts

Identify critical points

Identify optimal conditions

Tool

Identify control measures

Identify ordinary corrective actions

Community tool

Facilitator tool

Sanitary inspection

xtra sheet comments?

spring

river

open well

handpump

water vendor

guiding matrix

sanitary inspection

Drafts

communicaton

Auduting

documentation

Present format phase 5?

Initial KAP?

Give the booklet??

Training on FFF?

Risk management in the WSP

The Tools: Checklists

Catchment Source(s) Transport&Point of use

The Risk Analysis

Major ComponentsFor all control points of the water chain• Check Lists• Risk Analysis• Improvement plan with pros and cons of each option

• Operational/management plan for post‐certification maintenance