Lightning and Surge Protection according to IEC 62305

© 2012 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 Lightning and Surge Protection 1

Lightning and Surge Protection according to IEC 62305


Damage due to Lightning and Surges

© 2012 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 3Lightning and Surge Protection

Danger due to Lightning Strokes

MCR

110 kV

data

TV 400/230 V

ABC Company

mobile phone2 k

m

approx. 1,900,000 lightning strokes in Germany per year*

*Ref.: BLIDS, Siemens AG, Analysis of 2001 - 2005

telephone


Quelle: http://thunder.msfc.nasa.gov/images/HRFC_AnnualFlashRate_0.5.png

Lightning flasches cloud to earth

© 2012 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 5

Branch-specific Costs caused by a One-hour Loss of Production

Costs of a one-hour loss of production

Paper approx. 10,000 €

Branch

Car Industry approx. 250,000 €(depending on the section)

Computing Centre approx. 500,000 €(the potential data loss can no longer be quantified)

Power Stations approx. 90,000 €

Car Industry Supplier approx. 12,500 €

Brewery approx. 10,000 €

Lightning and Surge Protection


Generation and Effects


Causes of Surges due to Lightning Discharges

Direct lightning strike:

L1L2L3

PEN

20 kV

1b

1bInduced voltage in loops

IT network

power supply

1

1 Striking of external lightning protection system, process structure (in industrial plants), cables etc.

Rst

1a

1aVoltage drop at the implse earthing resistance Rst

Distant lightning Strike:

2a

2a Strike into medium- voltage overhead lines

2cFields of the lightning strike

2c

2b

2b Surge travelling waves on overhead lines due to cloud-to-cloud lightning

© 2012 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 Surge Protection

Lightning Prot. Level Current amplitude kAI 200II 150

III - IV 100Ref.: IEC 62305

ûE = î · Rst

Example:ûE = 100 kA · 1 = 100 kV

i

t

î

wave form 10 / 350 µs

Galvanic CouplingLightning Voltage for a System

EBB

Rst


Influences on Electrical InstallationsCauses of Surges

M

Surges (SEMP)• Switching operations• Earth faults / Short circuits• Tripping fuses• Parallel installation of power and IT conductor

systems

Direct lightning strike (LEMP)

• Galvanic coupling• Inductive / Capacitive

coupling

Indirect lightning strike• Conducted partial lightning

currents • Inductive / Capacitive coupling


Parameters Lightning Protection Level

I II III-IV

Lightning Current Parameters according to IEC 62305

I (kA) 200 150 100

W/R (MJ/) 10 5.6 2.5

Qs (As) 100 75 50

Q long (As) 200 150 100


International Standardisation


IEC 62305-1 General Principles

IEC 62305-2 Risk Management

IEC 62305-3 Physical Damage to Structures and Life Hazard

IEC 62305-4 Electrical and Electronic Systems

IEC 62305 International lightning protection standard


62305-1General Principles

IEC 62305 International lightning protection standard

62305-2Risk

62305-3Physical damage

and life hazard

62305-4Electrical- and

electronic systems


By working through series of formulae the process allows the user to decide what protection is required. The actual risk (R) must be below the tolerable level (Rt).The ultimate protection may be the installation of a LPS system. Direct strike lightning arresters (LEMP) and surge arresters (SEMP).

IEC 62305-2 Risk Management


Introductiona)External LPS (air termination system, down

contuctor‘s, earth termination system).b)An internal LPS (preventing dangerous

sparking using equipotential bonding or separation distance (hence electrical insulation) between external LPS and internal metalwork.

IEC 62305-3 Physical damage to structures and life hazard


Scope:Provides information for design, installation, inspection, maintenance and testing of a LEMP protection system (LPM) for electrical and electronic systems within a structure able to reduce risk of permanent failure due to LEMP.

IEC 62305-4 Electrical- and electronic systems within structures

Basic protection measures in a LPM system– Earthing and Bonding–Magnetic shielding and line routing–Direct strike and surge protection


Class I Protection Against

Direct Lightning Currents

(Lightning Current Arrester)

(10/350 µs)

IEC 61643-1Performance Requirements of Surge Protective Devices

for Low-Voltage Power Supply Systems

Class IIIProtection Against

Switching Overvoltages

(Surge Arrester)

(1.2/50 µs; 8/20 µs)

Class IIProtection Against Indirect Lightning

Effects(Surge Arrester)

(8/20 µs)

Standardisation of Surge Protective Devices


External Lightning Protection System

Air Termination System DownconductorEarth Termination System


External Lightning Protection System

air termination system

down conductor

earth termination system


EMC-orientatedLightning Protection Zones Concept


air ventilation

foundation earthing electrode

steel reinforcement

terminal device

spatial shield

M

LPZ 0 A

LPZ 0 A

LEMP

LEMP

EMC-Orientated Lightning Protection Zones Concept

LEMP

LPZ 0 C

air-termination system

down-conductorsystem

IT system

LPZ 3

SEMP

LPZ 2

LPZ 2

LPZ 1

LPZ 1

LPZ 0 B

LPZ 0 B

power supply system

Lightning equipotential bondingLightning current arrester(SPD Type 1)Local equipotential bondingSurge arrester(SPD Type 2, SPD Type 3)


Internal Lightning Protection

Lightning Equipotential BondingSurge ProtectionCoordination


Internal Lightning Protection System

Equipotential Bonding at the Boundary of LPZEquipotential bonding for all metal parts and supply lines (e.g. metal pipes, electrical power or data lines) which are entering at the boundary of an internal LPZ shall be carried out at equipotential bonding bars which are installed as closely as possible to the point of entry. SPDs with suitable power carrying capacity for electrical power and data lines at the point of entry into the LPZ have always to be installed.

Based on IEC 62305-4


powersupply

M

water

gas

heating

LPZ 0 LPZ 1

Lightning Equipotential Bondingfor incoming Lines

cathodic protected tank pipe

foundation earthing electrode

lightning equipotential bonding

exte

rnal

ligh

tnin

g pr

otec

tion

syst

em

EBB


Lightning current arrester


Internal Lightning ProtectionSurge Protective Devices

Surge protective devices for lightning equipotential bonding must be capable of safely controlling the partial lightning currents to be expected to flow through them. For this purpose, surge protective devices are chosen according to the requirements on site and installed in accordance with IEC 60364-5-53


The residual voltage at the surge protective device installed into the building, has to be coordinated with the impulse withstand capability of the installation.Surge protective devices Class I to be installed at the entry of the building, keep a significant part of the power of lightning currents away from the inside of the building.


What is a Lightning Current Arrester installed into a Power Supply System supposed to perform?

Discharging of lightning currents several times without desctruction of the equipment.= Discharge capacity 100 kA (10/350 µs)

Providing of a lower voltage protection level than the voltage strength of the downstream installation.

Extinguishing or limiting of mains follow currents.

Ensuring of the energy coordination to downstream surge protective devices and/or terminal equipment.


1 Test Impulse Curent for Lightning Current Arresters2 Test Impulse Current for Surge Arresters

20 kA

40 kA

60 kA

80 kA

100 kA

I (kA)

200 µs 350 µs 600 µs 800 µs 1000 µst (µs)

20 µs

50 kA

1

110/350

10050

2.5 · 106

IEC 62305-1

28/20

50.1

0.4 · 103

EN 60060-2

2

Wave form µs]

i max. [kA]Q [As]W/R [J/]

Standard


household appliances

rated voltage withstand voltage 6 kV

4 kV2.5 kV1.5 kV

SE

230/400 V

sensitive devices

M

SDB terminal device

voltage protectionlevel 2.5kV

1.5 kV

SPD Type 1 2 3 3(SPD class) (I) (II) (III) (IV)

Overvoltage Categories according to IEC 60364-4-44 Use of Surge Protective Devices (SPD)


Surge Protection


What is a Surge Arrester installed into a Power Supply System supposed to perform?

Discharging of impulse currents (8/20 µs) several times without destroying the terminal equipment

= 20 x nominal discharge capacity 5 - 20 kA (8/20 µs)

Voltage protection level lower than the electrical strength of the downstream terminal devices

= Voltage protection level 1,500 V


household appliances

rated voltage withstand voltage 6 kV

4 kV2.5 kV1.5 kV

SE

230/400 V

sensitive devices

M

SDB terminal device

voltage protectionlevel 2.5kV

1.5 kV

SPD Type 1 2 3 3(SPD class) (I) (II) (III) (IV)

Overvoltage Categories according to IEC 60364-4-44 Use of Surge Protective Devices (SPD)


Coordination of SPDs


Energy Coordination of SPDs

As soon as two or more SPDs are connected in series, the coordination of the SPDs and the equipment to be protected has to be checked.

Energy coordination is achieved as soon as the ratio of energy for all impulse currents for each SPD is equal or less than corresponds to its power withstand capability.

The power withstand capability can be determined– by an electrical test according to IEC 61643-1,– from the technical data of the manufacturer of the SPDs


Conclusion: The coordination of the SPDs can only be verified by the manufacturer!


residual interferenceimpulse current 8/20 µs

Energy Coordination of Surge Protective Devices (SPDs)

DEHNguard ® S DEHNbloc® M DEHNsafe

input interference; lightning impulse current 10/350 µs

terminal device

?

varistorS 20 K 275

230 / 400 V

residual interferenceuncritical for terminal

device

© 2012 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 Surge Protection

Energy CoordinationOverview: SPDs Type 1

230/400 V MSE

Lightning current arresterVoltage protection level 4 kV

DEHNbloc® H Terminal UnitRed / LineType 3

Red / LineType 2

SDB

Red / LineType 2 Terminal UnitRed / Line

Type 3Coordinated lightning current arresterVoltage protection level 2.5 kV

DEHNbloc® MDEHNgap M

Combined SPDVoltage protection level 1.5 kV

DEHNventil® MDEHNventil® ZP

Terminal UnitRed / LineType 3


Examples of Lightning current and surge arrester


DEHNventil® MCharacteristics

Easy exchange of protection modules ...

... due to module releasing button

Coding in base part and protection module =Safe application

Remote signallingcontact as floating changeover contact

Leakage-current-free operating state and fault indication for all protective circuits

Leakage-current-free protective circuit =Allows for use upstreamof meter panels

Capable of carrying lightning currents =For use in lightning protection level

Plastic snap-in device with “parking position“= Quick installation

Low voltage protection level =Protection for terminal devices


Coordinated lightning current arrester DEHNbloc M Type: DB M 1 255 (FM) / Part No.: 961 120 (961 125)

Coordinated, single-pole Type 1lightning current arrester in accordance with EN 61643-11with a modular device design

RADAX-Flow technology

Follow current extinguishing capability a.c.: up to 50 kArms

Maximum continuous operating voltage a.c.

UC = 255 V a.c.

Lightning impulse current (10/350 μs): 50 kA

Voltage protection level 2.5 kV

Directly coordinated to DEHNguard S 275 (FM) surge

protective devices without additional cable length

Encapsulated, non-exhaustingcreepage spark gap

Optionally available with remote signalling contact for central monitoring units (floating changeover contact)

Type of connection to earth TN/TT 230/400 V a.c.


Red / Line DEHNguard® M Family

SPD Type 2

DEHNguard® S (FM)

DEHNguard® M TNC 275 (FM)DEHNguard® M TNS 275 (FM)DEHNguard® M TT 275 (FM)

DEHNguard® M TN 275 (FM)DEHNguard® M TT 2P 275 (FM)


DEHNguard M Family Characteristics

5 application-specific circuit types with and without remote signalling contact = 10 types of devices

High-capacity varistor-based SPD- Nominal discharge current In (20x) = 20 kA (8/20 µs)- Maximum discharge current Imax (1x) = 40 kA (8/20 µs)- Low voltage protection level at In = 1.25 kV

Energy coordinated within the Red/Line product family

Operating state and fault indication of all protective circuits, free of operating and leakage currents

High safety due to Thermo Dynamic Control SPD controlling device


Surge Protective Device Type 3Use in Distribution Boards / Switchgear Cabinets

SPS Protector DEHNrail modular (FM) DEHNrail M 4P 255


Low voltage protection level L to N and L/N to PE

Characteristics of theDEHNrail M (DR M ....) Series

Discharge current up to 8 kA Different nominal voltages, from 24 V up to 230 V Maximum operating current: 25 A

Operating state and fault indication, free of operating and leakage currents

Lightning and Surge Protection according to IEC 62305

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