LIGHTING SYSTEM

Energy Management CentreSrikrishna Nagar , Sreekaryam P.O,

Thiruvananthapuram 695017

Starting from Prehistoric times

• Prehistoric men knew about fire. They must havediscovered it by chance, perhaps when lighteningcaused a fire or when the sun, shining on dryleaves, caused them to ignite• One of the ways in which prehistoric men madefire was by rubbing two pieces of wood together.

• The first matches were developedby the Egyptians in the year 3500BC with a small stick of pinewoodcoated with combustible mixtureof sulphur.

• By the year of 1805 K.Chancelinvented the modern matchstickcoated with potassium chlorate,sugar, sulphur and rubber.

MATCH STICK

•Sir Humphrey Davy of England invented the first electric carbon arc lamp in 1801.

•Sir Joseph Swann of England and Thomas Edison both invented the first electric incandescent lamps during the 1870s.

Incandescent Lamps

Edison Ad for Incandescent Lightbulb

Lighting Terminologies

• Flux emitted by lamp – lumens

• Luminous Efficacy – Lumens / Watt

• Illuminance = Lumens / sq.meter (lux)

• Colour Rendering Index ( scale of 0 to 100) -

Colours of surfaces illuminated by a given light

source

• The task(s) being performed (contrast, size, etc.)

• The ages of the occupants

• The importance of speed and accuracy

Energy Management Centre

Determining Target Light Levels

• Fixture efficiency• Lamp lumen output• The reflectance of surrounding surfaces• The effects of light losses from lamp lumen

depreciation and dirt accumulation• Room size and shape• Availability of natural light (daylight)

Energy Management Centre

Selection of Lamps And Light Fixtures

Types of Lamps• Incandescent lamps (GLS)• Gas discharge lamps• Fluorescent lamps (FTL)• Compact fluorescent lamps• Mercury vapour lamps• Sodium vapour lamps• Metal Halide lamps• LED lamps

Comparison of Various LampsType Watt Lumens Efficacy

GLS 100 1380 14Fluorescent (Slim) 36 2450 68Fluorescent- (Conventional) 40 2770 69Colour – 80 series 36 3250 90HPMV 250 13500 54HPSV 250 27000 108Metal halide 250 17000 68CFL 20 1200 60

Incandescent lamps (GLS)Incandescent lamps are one of the oldest electric lighting technologies available.

Tungsten filament :

• Initial cost is very less, but life cycle cost is very high

•Color rendering – good

• Life 1000 hrs

• Instantaneous operation

• Low efficacy about 10%• Converts 90% of electricity to heat, which

results in high room temperature, use of fan increases, if your room is air conditioned, A/C load will increase.

Energy Management Centre

Incandescent lamps (GLS)

Energy Efficient Fluorescent Lamps

• Tri-phosphor fluorescent powder technology

• High colour rendering Ra-85

• Conventional FTL (Ra-65)

• High luminuous efficacyConventional : 68 lumens/w

Energy efficient : 90 lumens/w

Fluorescent Lamps

•Life – 8000 – 10000 glowing hours

• Highly suitable for – living rooms, lounges, corridors, hotels and canteens

• Electronic choke consumes less energy

Type Watts LumensT 12 with magnetic Ballast

53 W 2450

T 12 with Electronic Choke

44 W 2450

T8 36 W 2350T5 28 W 2900

Energy Efficient Fluorescent Lamps

Magnetic Ballast

• Conventional Ballast – Inherent losses 14-15 Watts

•All discharge lamps (fluorescent and HID) require an auxiliary piece of equipment called a ballast.

•Ballasts provide correct starting voltage, because discharge lamps require a higher voltage to start than to operate

Two Types • Magnetic Ballast• Electronic Ballast

HF

• High power factor• Instant start-up• Operates at low voltage• Can be serviced• Low heat dissipation – less load on air conditioners

•HF Ballast – Operates at high

frequency 20 KHz to 22 KHz

• Low Loss – 1 to 2 Watts/Choke

Electronic Ballast

CFL Compact Fluorescent Lamps

• High efficacy lamp

• Low wattage – less heat dissipation

• Excellent colour rendering

• Long Life – 8000 – 10000 glowing hours

• Highly suitable – living rooms, lounges, corridors, hotels and canteens

Comparison of GLS & CFL

GLS Watts 40 60 100Lumens 425 720 1380

CFL Watts 9 15 20Lumens 400 900 1200

GLS 60W CFL 11W

Burning hours 1000 hours 8000 hours

For 8000 hrs, no. of bulbs/cost

8, 8x11=88 1, 1x 120= 120

For 8000 hrs, energy required

(8000x60)/1000 = 480 kWh

(8000x11)/1000 = 88 kWh

Cost of Energy @ Rs.3 Rs. 1440 Rs.264

Total cost

( life cycle cost)

88 + 1440 = 1528 Rs. 384

Comparison of CFL & GLS Bulb

LED Lamps

• 90% Energy Saving

• Consists of bright white LEDS.

• Lamp life of 35,000 to 50,000 hrs

• 15 W ICL (ZERO WATT) can be replaced with W

with a 1 W LED lamp

• Approx wattage of LED lamp is 1 Watt.

• No Heat Generation

LED Lamps

• Adaptable to regular domestic lamp holder &

Standard Socket.

• Eco-Friendly .

• No Harmful Radiations.

• Applications: Bed lamp, Night Lamp, Washroom

• Lamp, Passage Lamp, focus lamp on photo

frame/showcase.

LED Lamps

• Power consumption of the Zero bulb =15 W

Usage /day=24 hrs

Units Consumed per month =15*24*30

=10.8Kwh

• Power consumption LED =1.0 W (equivalent to zero bulb)

Usage /day=24 hrs

Units Consumed per month = 1*24*30

= 0.72Kwh

Energy Conservation Tips for Lighting

• Maximum utilization of natural light

• Combination of Day light & Artificial light lamps

• Provide smooth Transition from natural light to Artificial Light

• Light-coloured walls and bright surfaces reflect more light

than dark surfaces.

• A low wattage lamp placed near a task area can provide as

much light as a larger lamp that is located farther away.

• The Bachat Lamp Yojana promotes replacement of inefficient

bulbs with Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) by leveraging

the sale of Certified Emission Rights (CERs) under the Clean

Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol

Advantages BLY in Kerala

• Reduce peak time demand

• Reduce carbon emission

Bachat Lamp Yojana(BLY)

Consumption Bulb 60W CFL 14 W

4 Hrs /day/month 4*30*60/1000= 7.2 kwh 4*30*14/1000= 1.68 kwh

Considering Rs 2/Kwh Rs 14.4/- per Month Rs 3.36/- per Month

Cost Per Year Rs 172.8/- Rs 40.32 /-

Annual Saving in Rs while using CFL

Rs 132.48 /-

Bachat Lamp Yojana(BLY)

• In Kerala according to BLY 1.5 crore 60 W

Incandescent Bulbs will be replaced by 14 W CFL

• If everybody is using this 14W CFL, instead of 60 W

bulb the net reduction in load is 690 MW

• But we are estimating the saving as

= 250 MW approx

Bachat Lamp Yojana(BLY)in Kerala

Thank You