LightingHard and Soft Light

Impo

rtanc

e of

Lig

htin

g

Lighting can emphasize important details or hide them. It can flatter a subject by bringing out positive attributes and it can de-emphasize or hide less attractive attributes. Lighting can even impart a sinister and hostile look,depending on how you use it.

3 Ba

sic

Char

acte

ristic

s• coherence (quality) • color temperature • intensity

Cohe

ranc

e often called quality, is the hardness or softness of light. Light quality is probably the least understood and the most neglected of the three variables.

Hard

Ligh

t

Light that is transmitted directly from a small point

source results in relatively

coherent (parallel) rays. This gives the light a hard, crisp, sharply defined appearance. The light from a clear, unfrosted light bulb, a focused spotlight, or the noonday sun in a clear sky, all represent hard light sources. 

Hard

Ligh

t Hard light casts a sharp, clearly defined shadow. When hard light is used to illuminate a face,

imperfections in the skin stand out. The result is less than flattering.

Hard

Ligh

t

Hard

Ligh

ting But in other applications, such as

bringing out the texture in leather, or the engraving on a piece of jewelry, this can be an advantage.

Hard

Ligh

ting

Hard

Lght

ing

Note in the photo how the writing

stands out. Also note the clearly

defined shadow of the flower at the

bottom of the photo.

Soft

Light

ing Soft (diffused) light

has the opposite effect. Soft light tends to hide surface irregularities and

detail.

Soft

Light

ing

The letters are hard to read and the shadow of the flower has all but disappeared.

Soft

Light

ing Spun-glass diffusers

are used over the front of lights to soften and diffuse  their beams. At the same time, diffusers also reduce the intensity of light.

Soft

Light

ing Soft light sources are

used in production to create a broad, even area of light. In the field, videographers often rely on umbrella reflectors to create a soft lighting effect.

Soft

Light

ing

Because soft light tends to hide lines, wrinkles and blemishes, it's desirable in doing

glamour work.

Soft

Light

ing A soft light source

placed close to the camera minimizes surface detail. The effect is commonly referred to as flat lighting.

Ultra

Sof

t Lig

ting

There are a few occasions when ultra-soft lighting is necessary to keep

video equipment from exceeding its brightness or contrast

range limitations and as a result compressing (losing)

important detail.

Ultra

Sof

t Lig

htin

g

Note that when standard lighting is used the reflections from the shiny objects drive down the video levels in the darker areas.  As a result, important detail is lost.

Ultra

Sof

t lig

htin

g The same problems are encountered when you photograph shiny metallic objects, such as jewelry and silverware.

Ultra

Sof

t lig

htin

g

These problems can be fixed by using an extremely soft lighting setup — in this case the lighting tent.

Ultra

Sof

t Lig

htin

g

To create this ultra soft lighting the subject matter was surrounded by a white

sheet, leaving only a small opening for the camera lens.  Three lights placed at different angles lit the

outsides of the sheet.

Ultra

Sof

t Lig

htin

g