Light Lecture
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Transcript of Light Lecture
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http://www.digital-photography-school.com/photograph-
the-light-not-the-land
Uta Barth
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Exposure = Intensity (aperture) X Time (shutter speed)
Exposure is a combination of the intensity (brightness) of
Light that reaches the digital sensor of film (brightness iscontrolled by the size of the aperture) and the length of time
The light strike that light sensitive surface (duration is controlled
by the shutter speed).
YOU ADJUST THE EXPOSURE OF YOUR PICTURES BYCHANGING THE SHUTTER SPEED, APERTURE, OR
BOTH
Remember 3 types of exposure?
Manual
Shutter Priority
Aperture Priority
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Exposure meters average the tones in a scene,
Average tone = medium gray =18 percent gray
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Remember!
Automatic exposure can
underexpose Or overexposeyour subject. You may have
to override it to get the
Exposure you want.
Overriding automatic exposure by
-go to manual mode
-Exposure compensation dial-Backlit button (for backlit scenes)
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If the light
Level low
Try metering
A white surface
Then +2 stop
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Overcast day is a great day!
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Tones and Bracketing Remember!For digital camera,
Overexposure can lose significant
Detail from highlight area thatCANNOT be added later.
But remember too dark area can
add noise.
For negative film, it is better to over
Expose the film than under expose.For details in shadow, meter the
shadow area then expose 2 stop
Less.
BEST BET?Bracketing = produces
Lighter and darker versions
Of the same scene
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Most peoples skin tone are rendered within 3 stop.
Dark skin seem natural > middle gray or slightly darker (meter)
Most light skin tone > 1 stop lighter than middle gray (meter +1)
Very light skin > 2 stop lighter than middle gray (meter +2)
Note: Digital > Slight overexposure can lose detail from highlight
That cant be added later.
Negative film > Better to overexpose. If you want shadow dark but
Still clearly visible then meter the shadow area and expose 2 stopLess than meter.
Change will effects ALL THE VALUES IN THE IMAGE.
BRACKET BRACKET!
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In very contrast lighting, NO film or digital sensor can record
color and details simultaneously in very light highlight and very
dark shadow
Try exposing for the most important part of the scene,
then bracket additional exposure.
Its easier to get good exposures with color if lighting is soft orflat.
Image editing software can merge bracketed exposures.
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Paul D'amato
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Increasing the sensitivity of the camera's light sensor (ISO)
introduces noise into the photo--random pixels of color.In ordinary conditions, stick with the camera's lowest ISO
level, since that'll give you the least digital noise. But when
you notice that the camera is recommending a really slow
shutter speed crank up the ISO.
Just remember to drop it back down to the lower value
when you're done.
Tip: Your camera may have noise reduction!
ISO (International Organization Standardization) number
Tells how sensitive a film or sensor is to light
The higher the ISO = the less light is required
But you pay the price:
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Iso 50 Iso 100 Iso 400
Not only grain but lower resolution and less accurate color
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Filters
Filters let you control the relative lightness and garkness of
Tones in B&W photograph.
Think of it as subtracting (and darkening) colors.
Ex. Red filter > tint the scene red > removing blue and green
= make blue and green darker.
B&W Film
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Contrast filter absorbs its complimentary color.
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Correction filters are color filters designed to correct the response
of film.
ONLY DARKEN BLUE SKY
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LINK
LOOKING AT YOUR CAMERAS histogram
LINK
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Neutral density filters absorb an equally quantity of all wave length
of light. Reduced the overall amount of light that reach the film
While leaving color balance unchanged.
Filters also used with color film and digital camera
So you can use slower shutter speed or larger aperture.
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A polarizing filter affects ONLY light vibrating at certain angles.
Use to remove reflections (glass, water, any smooth surface except
metal), darken skies, intensify colors. Increase 1-2 stops
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Special effects filters/lens attachment
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Hiroshi Sugimoto
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Tokohiro Sato (long exposure)
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Tina Modotti
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manuel alvarez bravo
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CHANGES IN LIGHTING WILL CHANGE YOUR PICTURES
YUSUF KARSH
Light can affect the feeling
of a photograph.
Ex. Brilliant
crisp
hazy
soft
harsh
smooth
Practice by observing the
light on your subject.
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Direction of light > important because of shadow
When looking at light
-direction of the light
-direction of the shadow
-Position of camera
Before you shoot, take a
Moment to consider your
Alternatives
-should you move the subjects?
--should you move the camera?
--should you wait for the sun tomove?
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Front lighting comes from behind the camera toward the subject.
The front of subject is evenly lit with minimal shadow visible.
Clear surface details but volume and textures are less pronounced.
Ex. Flash
Garry Winogrand
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Back lighting comes toward the camera from behind the subject.Canmake translucent object glow, create rim lighting, bright outline.
Shadows are cast toward camera> prominent
shadows > front of subject in shadow.
http://video.nytimes.com/
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Side lighting comes toward the side of the subject and camera.
Shadows are prominent, cast at the side of the subject.
Side lighting emphasize texture and volume. (early am.& late pm.)
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Henry Wessel
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Degree of diffusion > can range from contrast, hard edged, soft,
diffuse. Usually refer to quality of light.
Direct light creates hard- edged, dark shadow. The smaller the light relative to subject
or the farther away > the sharper & darker the shadow will be. (ex. Spotlight, the sun on clear day)
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Diffused light scatters onto the subject from many directions. Ex. Overcast sky, tenting
Its shows little or no directionality. Light shadow, indistinct edges. Subject
Surrounded by illumination.
Danny Lyon
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Directional-diffused light combines qualities of direct and
Diffused light. Shadow are visible but not too prominent.
Large window
Small
window
lets lightinto
shadow
Lotte Jacobi
Or use
floodlights &
umbrella
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Danny Lyon
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Available light --Outdoors > you cant control but learn to work with it.
Clear, sunny day creates bright highlights and dark, hard-edged
shadows. (Look carefully, move around, or use fill light)
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Pay attention!!
Light can bounce of concreteor other reflective surface onto
subject
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On overcast day, at dusk, or in the shade, light will be diffused
and soft.
Good & beautiful revealing light that illuminate all part of the scene.
Bill Burke
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The light & shadow change as the time of day change.
Work early morning or late afternoon on a very sunny day.
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Bill Gaskins
A il bl li h I d C b fl d d h f li h
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Available light --Indoors > Can be contrast or flat depend on the source of light.
When shooting indoor, expose for the most important parts of the picture.
Shooting toward a bright window or lamp indoor creates contrasty light. The light is
Directional with bright area fading off quickly into shadow. You can keep detail in
Highlights or shadow but not in both. METER THE MOST IMPORTANT PART.
margaretbourke white
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Diffused light indoors occurs when light comes from several different directions
Polly Brown
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NOTE: Light indoors is often relatively dim
If you want to use existing light & not add flash or other light
Into a scene > use slow shutter speed and/or wider aperture.
Focus carefully. High ISO setting (400) or fast film will help.
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Assignment 3: Everything is Illuminated
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSUOYY4oukc
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Lighting with flash > flash increase the light indoor or out.
Flash stops motion!
Use flash to:
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Use flash to:
Stop motion of moving subject & prevent blur.
Provide portable but predictable light.
Flash light is consistent
Flash light is cooler than tungsten light.
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TYPE
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Lighting with Flash
Note: Flash must be synchronized with the cameras shutter.
flash diffuser
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Flash equipment (should be used with daylight-balanced
color film)
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link
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Flash use as fill light
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Flash use as fill light
Flash use in addition to basic exposure can open up dark
shadow so they show details.
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Fl h i th li ht f ll h d d bj t th t i i t
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Flash increase the light on a fully shaded subject that is against
a brighter background.
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You dont need a complicated lighting arrangement for portraits
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You don t need a complicated lighting arrangement for portraits
Or many other objects.
Keep portrait setups as simple as possible so the subject is relaxed
Amy Stein
Outdoors open shade or an overcast sky = soft even light
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Outdoors, open shade or an overcast sky = soft even light
Fazal Sheikh
Indoor Window light is convenient source of light during the day
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Indoor, Window light is convenient source of light during the day
Amy Stein link
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William Wegman
Artificial light
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g
PHOTOFLOODS
-TUNGSTEN like a household bulb
but produce more light. Also called
Hot light. 3200K color temperature.
Quartz halogen bulb
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Quartz-halogen bulb
Color balanced for
indoor color films.
More expensive but
last longer.
Reflectors
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Reflectors
Barndoor > shades some part of subject or shields the lens
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Barndoor > shades some part of subject or shields the lens
From light to prevent flare.
Softbox > produce soft, even light.
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Same properties are present in artificial light as in available light.
The bigger the light source relative to subject,the softer the quality of light.
Similar to the sun > the farther back you move
A light, the smaller it will be and the harder theshadow will appear.
Move the same light closer = broader light =
softer light
The more diffused the source, the softer the light
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Spotlight = focuses light on subject = bright highlight & dark
Hard-edge shadows.
the farther backyou move a light,
the smaller it will be
and the harder the
shadow will appear.
Floodlight = slightly wider source but still with relatively
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Floodlight slightly wider source but still with relatively
hard-edged shadows especially when use at a distance.
Softbox or reflector = soft diffused light, wider shadow
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g ,
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DIY1
The main light (key light)> the dominant source should create the only visible shadow
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or at least the most important ones. The position of the main light affects the
Appearance of texture and volume
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The fill light:to lighten shadows.
Fill light makes
shadows less dark
by adding light to
them.
Main lightFill light
Reflector is a simple, effective, and inexpensive way to make fill light! Place reflector on the
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opposite side of the subject from The main light bounces the main light into shadow areas.
DIY! 16X20 or larger cardboard>one side paint matt white, Other side cover with crumpled then
flatted aluminum foil.
Flood light can also be used for fill lighting A light source used as
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Flood light can also be used for fill lighting. A light source used as
A fill light generally placed close to the lens so that any secondary
shadows will not be visible.
To measure the
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different
between
highlights andshadows
A main light plus reflector is the simplest setup
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-Conventional portrait lighting is realistic but flattering.
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-Use a moderately long lens
-Your choice of main light affects the quality of light
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