Life Span Lecture 7

Chapter 7 Toddlerhood

Toddlerhood

• 1-3 years• Growth– Slow & Steady

• Areas of focus– Gross & fine motor– Language– Autonomy

Height & Weight

• Height– @3 inch / year

• Weight– @5 pounds / year

Body proportions

• Extremities grow faster than trunk

• 2 yr– Potbelly– Lordosis

• 3 yr– Slender– Stronger– Erect posture

Face & Teeth

• Dentist • Fluoride• Brushing• Thumb sucking– Self-limiting

Bone Development

• Ossification–Cartilage –Bone

• Greenstick fx

Sensory Development

• 3 yrs– 20/20 vision– Visual acuity

• Amblyopia– “Lazy eye”– Diplopia– Eye patch the good eye

Sensory Development

• Eustachian tube– Connect middle ear

– Pharynx• Structure– Shorter– Wider

Vital Signs

• Temp– 98 – 99o F

• Pulse– 90 – 120/ min

• Resp– 20 – 30 / min

• BP– 100/65

Developmental Milestones• Related to – independent function

Gross motor

• Balance 1 foot• Jump• Steps• Run

Fine motor

• Self-feeding• Dressing• Rides tricycle• Simple puzzles• Blocks• Copies circles / lines• Turns knobs • Opens lids

Toilet training

• Help undressing• Accidents• Age–2 – 3 ½ yrs

Psychosocial development: Autonomy

• Independence• Freedom of choice

Psychosocial development: Discipline

• Simple & direct – f/b diversion

• Consistent• Routine • Frustration – negativistic behavior

• “Time out”

Psychosocial development:

• Separation anxiety• Warm & affectionate• Comfort items• Sibling rivalry • Regression

Cognitive development• Global perspective• Object permanence• “magical” age• Egocentric view• Time

Moral Development

• Parent’s moral code child's moral code

• Promote Self-Esteem

Communication

• Automatic & spontaneous• Understand before they can express• 2 yrs– 2 word sentences– 50 word vocabulary

• 3 yrs– 3 word sentences– Noun & verb– 1,000 word vocabulary

Nutrition• Est. eating habits• Amounts & Variety• Growth

– Protein– Calcium– Iron– Phosphorus– Vitamins

• 2-3 yrs– Eating same food as family

Nutrition

• Caloric intake– 1,300 cal/day

• Plain vs mixed• Ritualistic behavior• Idea meal plan– 3 small meal– 3 nutritious snacks

• Routine• Socialization

Sleep and Rest

• Nap• Ritual• Nightmares–Brief comfort

Play

• Mimic• Symbolic play• Parallel play• Toys– Fine and gross motor