L.I.F.E Reference Manual
Transcript of L.I.F.E Reference Manual
L.I.F.E® Reference Manual
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In response to the growing expectations from customers and vendors about the impacts of
business on society, TLMI has developed a scorecard for assisting members with evaluating and
improving their environmental performance. The hope of this effort is to maximize the amount
of value members can realize from cost effectively implementing environmental best practices,
while also providing incentives and recognition for members who perform exceptionally well.
This document was created with significant contribution from the TLMI Environmental Best
Practices Task Force and Frank Sablone of TLMI. The TLMI Environmental Best Practices Task
Force includes:
Calvin Frost John McDermott Thomas Dahbura
Channeled Resources Label World USA Hub Labels
Doug Kopp John Kassal Tim Goodwin
Kopco Graphics Continental Datalabel Resource Label
Jack Kenny Mark Miles Tom Spina
Label and Narrow Web G-3 Enterprises Luminer
Magazine
Jeff Salisbury Nick VanAlstine Will Muir
Label Impressions Macaran Grand Rapid Label
Terie Syme
Prestige Label
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ I
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... 1
HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENT .................................................................................. 2
STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVEMENT ............................................................................. 3
1. WHY IMPROVE? ...................................................................................................... 3 2. HOW DO I IMPROVE? ............................................................................................... 4
2.1 Develop a Process Flow for your Facility....................................................... 4
2.2 Determine Priority Actions ............................................................................. 4 2.3 Engaging in a Formal Initiative ...................................................................... 4 2.4 Measuring Your Performance and Continuous Improvement ........................ 5 2.5 Additional Implementation Resources ........................................................... 6
REFERENCE TOOLBOX ............................................................................................... 7
1.0 CLEAN PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES ............................................................................. 7 1.1 Releases to Air ................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Releases to Water .............................................................................................. 8 1.3 Waste ............................................................................................................... 10
1.4 Office and Facility ............................................................................................. 13 1.5 Compliance Violations ...................................................................................... 14
1.6 Innovative Program .......................................................................................... 14
2.0 ENERGY AND GREENHOUSE GASES ......................................................................... 15 2.1 Energy Use ...................................................................................................... 15 2.2 Greenhouse gases ........................................................................................... 17 2.3 Innovation Program .......................................................................................... 20
3.0 PRODUCT DESIGN .................................................................................................. 22 3.1 Integration of Environmental Performance into design ..................................... 22
3.2 Environmentally Preferable Materials ............................................................... 22 3.3 Innovation Program .......................................................................................... 23
4.0 MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ...................................................................................... 24
APPENDIX A: PROJECT METHODOLOGY ................................................................ 27
APPENDIX B: SPC AND TLMI CATEGORIES COMPARISON .................................. 28
APPENDIX C: SAMPLE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ................................................. 29
APPENDIX D: RESOURCES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY ....................................... 30
RENEWABLE ENERGY ................................................................................................... 30 “Green Power”........................................................................................................ 30 Solar ....................................................................................................................... 30 Wind ....................................................................................................................... 30 Geothermal ............................................................................................................ 31
FUNDING ..................................................................................................................... 31
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HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENT
This document was created to provide direction and resources to TLMI members and
participants of L.I.F.E. ®
who have completed a self-assessment with the program’s scorecard
and seek to enhance their engagement in activities and projects that reduce the environmental
burden of their operations. It is not intended that participants read the entire document upon
initiating their involvement in L.I.F.E. ®
. Instead, this document should serve as a reference when
detailed information is needed about specific sections of the scorecard or program overall. Over
time, other resources will also be included here such as guidelines for creating environmental
programs and goals.
Environmental performance in a company can cover a wide range of activities, from reducing
immediate risks to making environmental issues part of everyday operations. You will need to
decide what is best for your company, and what will bring you the most significant economic
and environmental gains. Sometimes, it is clear where to start and what to do first, but not
always. This workbook can help you determine the best place for you to start.
Sections 1.0 - 4.0 below correspond to the Scorecard. Each section describes possible activities
to consider when developing a formal engagement in each area. Listed activities are not
explicitly required, and other activities not listed can be used if relevant. Participants are
encouraged to find innovative mechanisms for reducing the impacts outlined in the scorecard.
This document is a work in progress. Contact TLMI for information about how to make
suggestions for new or irrelevant activities, requirements, resources, and other ideas.
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STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVEMENT
1. WHY IMPROVE?
Many leading companies have discovered the business benefits that can be achieved through
environmental improvements. Below are examples of some of the advantages that your company
might experience:
Table 1: Business Benefits of Environmental Improvements
Environmental Improvement Business Benefits
Environmental Management System
Reduced liability and risk
Recognition as a leader
Supports ongoing continuous improvement Marketing and Communication of Environmental Performance
Increased sales
Community acceptance
Reduce Energy Use Reduced operating costs (i.e. for electricity,
fuels, etc.)
Reduce Water Use Reduced utility costs
Lower sewerage service operating costs
Reduce Air Emissions Reduced costs for emissions abatement
equipment
Better relations with regulators
Reduce Non-hazardous Solid Waste Reduction of direct costs associated with
disposing of waste
Eliminate Toxic Materials/Hazardous Waste
Improved worker health and safety through elimination of exposure
Lower costs by eliminating need for personal protective equipment
Lower disposal and handling costs
Product Environmental Improvements Decreased costs through material efficiency
Innovative product designs
Supply Chain Management Reliable supply / Delivery integrity
Assurance on safe contents of supplies
Eliminate Wastewater Reduced costs by not having to obtain permits
Reduced costs associated with wastewater treatment
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2. HOW DO I IMPROVE?
2.1 Develop a Process Flow for your Facility
Having a complete picture of the possible ways your business impacts the environment is an
important first step in developing solid foundation for continual improvement that benefits your
business and the environment at the same time.
If not on file, complete a current process flow map for your facility with all inputs and outputs,
including energy, raw materials, waste, and water. This will enhance the understanding of how
the activities listed in this manual might apply, as well as generate new ideas and clarify where
data is available and needs to be collected.
2.2 Determine Priority Actions
Improving your performance against the scorecard also requires identification of your priority
actions. The criteria for identifying priorities are unique to your business. Possible issues to
consider include:
a. Customer and employee expectations: What questions have customers and
employees been asking about environmental performance in your facility? This
might help focus your initial evaluation of what issues to target.
b. Specific technology and materials used in your facility: Are there characteristics of
your process and chemicals that perform poorly based on the actions evaluated in the
scorecard? Depending on your technology, some requirements of the scorecard will
be more easily met than others.
c. Time and resource availability: How many staff and how large a budget is you able
to commit to evaluating and implementing best practices? This may impact how you
will determine the cost/benefit analysis of a possible project.
d. Local issues: What are the key issues facing businesses in your region (e.g.,
regulation, water scarcity, waste hauling costs, etc?) For example, two otherwise
identical facilities in Arizona and New York City might identify priorities differently:
Arizona’s water supply is very limited, while New York City might have a larger
concern for diverting waste from expensive landfills.
2.3 Engaging in a Formal Initiative
Once priority actions regarding your environmental performance have been identified, you can
begin to develop a formal program to manage and improve this performance.
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The components of engagement are to be determined by each participant given their particular
market needs and business situation. However, in order to be able to claim the requirement for
the scorecard, the program must at least contain:
1. A measurable goal and timeframe for achieving it (e.g., 10% reduction by 2010)
2. A description of the control and monitoring mechanism (e.g., how you will collect
and evaluate data)
3. A list of opportunities
4. A description of the activities that are being undertaken to achieve that goal
This guidebook provides suggestions of possible activities to comprise a program for the
requirements you have determined to be priorities. In many cases there may be other activities
that result in meeting the goal that are not listed.
There will be an opportunity for participants to submit additions to this guidebook as other
activities or best practices are identified.
2.4 Measuring Your Performance and Continuous Improvement
This program seeks to encourage a continuous
improvement cycle such as that displayed in
Figure 1.
Once you have a formal program that includes
goals, monitoring and measuring performance
indicators, you can begin to capture actual
performance in the scorecard, in the metric
displayed in the ‘Performance Improvement’
column of the scorecard.
How to measure this data is up to you; in general,
invoices, lab testing, and calculations will be
likely sources of data.
If you have been measuring data on a particular
requirement and can report demonstrated
improvement and meeting goals from the baseline
year, you can indicate this in the scorecard.
Source: U.S. EPA, Wise Rules for Industrial Energy Efficiency 2003
Figure 1: Sample Continuous Improvement Cycle
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2.5 Additional Implementation Resources
The continuous improvement focus of the program is consistent with the focus of the ISO
14001:2004 international standard for environmental management systems. Implementers of
L.I.F.E may find useful guidance in a document prepared by NSF International and available
from the US Environmental Protection Agency entitled Environmental Management Systems: An
Implementation Guide for Small and Medium-Sized Organizations. Although not intended to be
used in its entirety to achieve L.I.F.E. certification, the NSF document provides useful
worksheets, sample documents and other program organizational tools. The document can be
downloaded from:
http://www.epa.gov/owm/iso14001/ems2001final.pdf
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REFERENCE TOOLBOX
Sections 1.0 - 4.0 below correspond to the Scorecard. Each section describes possible activities
to consider when developing a formal engagement in each area. Listed activities are not
explicitly required, and other activities not listed can be used if relevant. Participants are
encouraged to find innovative mechanisms for reducing the impacts outlined in the scorecard.
1.0 CLEAN PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES
The following activities were developed in part based on the Environmental Protection Agency’s
(EPA) “Sector Notebook Project – Printing and Publishing,” published in 1995,1 the Pollution
Prevention Resource Center’s (PPRC), and the “Commercial Printing Industry – Compliance and
Pollution Prevention Workbook,”2 published in 1997.
To become more sustainable, organizations should strive not only to increase efficiency, but also
to reduce total waste generation and resource consumption (i.e., reduce their environmental
footprint). Thus, participants should be looking over time at not only reductions of inputs per
unit of output, but also at the absolute reductions of resource inputs and waste outputs in order to
achieve a sustainable business for future generations.
If at all possible, in addition to absolute numbers, the quantities of pollutants reduced or natural
resources conserved presented in the supporting documentation should be normalized to a
relevant factor so that progress in an area can be evaluated over time. Examples include, amount
of waste landfilled/linear feet of production or amount of waste landfilled/number of press hours.
1.1 Releases to Air
The purpose of this section is to provide suggestions for how to minimize the air emissions from
chemicals used in the printing process. The primary air emissions from print operations can be
categorized as volatile organic compounds (VOC) and hazardous air pollutants (HAP), and both
should be minimized for employee health as well as reduced environmental footprint of the
facility. VOCs also contribute to the formation of smog in the atmosphere.
To identify environmentally preferable alternatives, review Section XI of the Material Safety
Data Sheets (MSDS) when purchasing new materials to evaluate and compare VOC content.
1.1.1 To decrease facility VOC and HAP releases to the air:
When printing, use low-VOC inks such as vegetable oil-based or water-based inks, or UV inks
(rather than solvent-based inks), coatings, including varnishes and primers, and cleaning
products.
1 http://www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/publications/assistance/sectors/notebooks/printing.html
2 Pollution Prevention Resource Center (PPRC), “Commercial Printing Industry – Compliance and Pollution
Prevention Workbook.” 1997. http://www.pprc.org/pubs/pubslist.cfm
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a. When adhesive coating, use low-VOC adhesives such as water-soluble, hot-melt, or
UV adhesives. Note that UV materials require additional safety protection.
b. Use automatic cleaning equipment for parts washers and other equipment. This
equipment can often be retrofitted to existing presses and operations.
c. Use low-VOC alternatives to materials listed below. 3
i. Compounds from aerosol cans during use
ii. Film developer during use or evaporation during storage
iii. Film fixer during use or evaporation during storage
iv. Solvent-based plate developer
v. Fountain solution
vi. Emulsion and ink during use
d. Refer to Section XII of facility Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) to identify
materials that contain the HAP chemicals3 listed in Table 2, and minimize purchase
and use of those materials. Note: this is not a complete list of HAPs. More than 189
HAPs have been identified.
e. To minimize releases of remaining VOC and HAP-containing chemicals, ensure all
used containers are covered and sealed.
f. For general safety and good practice, ensure containers are properly labeled and any
storage and handling requirements are clearly marked or understood.
1.1.2 To avoid other releases to air:
a. Minimize use of materials that contain any of the chemicals listed in Table 2. Note:
this is not a complete listing of all chemicals reportable under the Emergency
Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPRCA).3 The full list includes more
than 600 chemicals.
1.2 Releases to Water In order to understand possible facility releases to water, compile the MSDS for all chemicals
and use the charts in this section to determine possible risks.
1.2.1 To reduce the quantity of water used and released:
a. Reduce water use by adopting practices such as intermittent and stop-flow of rinse
water when plate processor is idle, and equipment such as "wash less" processing
systems.
b. Consider installation of a rain water collection system for landscaping use.
1.2.2 To improve quality of water discharges: a. Minimize use of materials that contain any of the chemicals listed in Table 2. Note:
this is not a complete listing of all chemicals reportable under the Emergency
Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPRCA). 3
The full list includes more
than 600 chemicals.
3 Adapted from: Pollution Prevention Resource Center (PPRC), “Commercial Printing Industry – Compliance and
Pollution Prevention Workbook.” Ch 3. 1997. http://www.pprc.org/pubs/pubslist.cfm
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Table 2: Chemicals Relevant to the Printing Industry listed on the Toxic Release
Inventory (TRI) or as Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP)4
Chemical TRI Listing? HAP Listing?
1,1,1-trichloroethane TRI HAP
2,4-toluene diisocyanate HAP
Ammonia TRI
Barium TRI
Benzene HAP
Cadmium TRI HAP
Carbon tetrachloride HAP
Chromium TRI HAP
Copper TRI
Cumene TRI HAP
Cyclohexane TRI
Dibutylphthalate HAP
Diethanolamine HAP
Ethylbenzene TRI HAP
Ethylene glycol TRI
Ethylene oxide TRI
Formaldehyde TRI HAP
Freon 113 TRI
Glycol ethers HAP
Hexane HAP
Hydrochloric acid TRI HAP
Hydroquinone TRI
Isophorone HAP
Lead TRI HAP
Methanol TRI HAP
Methyl ethyl ketone TRI HAP
Methyl isobutyl ketone TRI
Methylene chloride TRI HAP
Phosphoric acid TRI
Polycyclic organic matter HAP
Propylene oxide HAP
Silver TRI
Sulfuric acid TRI
Tetrachloroethylene TRI HAP
Toluene TRI HAP
Trichloroethylene TRI
Vinyl chloride HAP
Xylene TRI
b. Recover and recycle any hazardous substances such as:
Plate developer
4 Pollution Prevention Resource Center (PPRC), “Commercial Printing Industry – Compliance and Pollution
Prevention Workbook.” Ch 3. 1997. http://www.pprc.org/pubs/pubslist.cfm
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Solvents
Photochemicals
Silver
c. Minimize need to dispose ink down a drain from cleanup by:
i. Running ink sumps as low as possible at the end of a print run to minimize unused
ink.
ii. Adding only as much ink as is required by ensuring ink estimation methods are as
accurate as possible.
iii. Keeping ink conditions optimal by installing automatic ink levelers.
iv. Using diaphragm pumps which do not heat ink as much as mechanical vane
pumps to reduce ink vaporization.
v. Using 6 or 8 color process to reduce press cleanup if possible.
d. Reduce contamination of water from press cleanup by:
i. Dedicating a press to run similar products, when possible.
ii. Scheduling jobs according to increasing darkness of ink color.
iii. Optimizing schedule of jobs to minimize color changes and print station cleanups.
e. Evaluate the environmental preferability of alternative plating or proofing systems.
For example, consider the following alternative digital proofing systems:
- Water-based
- Ink jet
- Dye sublimation
- Soft (on-screen) proofing
Or the following plate development processes:
- Dry plate developer
- Direct to plate
- Direct to press
f. Develop operating practices to minimize spills, such as covering reservoirs and
containers.
1.3 Waste
To understand your waste stream and begin to develop appropriate reduction and recycling
programs, begin by conducting a waste audit5 (independently or by contracting an outside party).
This will identify key materials, assist with identifying cost saving opportunities, and enable
better targeting of recycling programs.
1.3.1 To minimize solid waste sent to landfill
5 For an example on conducting a waste audit, visit the Honolulu Department of Environmental Services
at How to Conduct a Waste Audit :: City & County of Honolulu, Department of Environmental Services
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From production
a. Consider automating monitoring technologies, which may detect tears in web and
press performance, or implementing lean manufacturing practices to reduce product
rejects.
b. Recycle wastes from process when possible, such as:
Scrap film
Plates
Excess substrate and liner
Excess, damaged, or rejected product
Substrate trim and cuttings
c. If reducing and recycling are not possible, consider using appropriate wastes for
energy recovery.
d. Develop and/or increase quality control efficiency thereby reducing the amount of
resources required to rerun production due to errors.
e. Develop inventory control practices to maximize L.I.F.E. ®
of chemicals by:
Recover press-return ink and use before new ink. This may be most feasible for
job start ups.
Re-blending used or off-spec inks to black or other dark colors for future use.
Using automated ink mixing.
From office and facility:
a. Reuse or recycle packaging materials on input substrates such as core plugs, end
boards, and pallets.
b. Reduce office paper waste by instituting conservation practices by:
i. Consider paperless work orders in the form of computerized job tickets.
ii. Encouraging double sided printing for all staff (requiring that computers have
selected this function).
iii. Using electronic correspondence and filing practices over paper correspondence
and filing whenever possible.
iv. Ensuring paper recycling containers are located in convenient, well-traveled
areas.
v. Reminding staff of the importance of recycling office paper (as well as other
office waste including cans, bottles, etc.).
vi. Ensuring your maintenance staff and waste management service provider are
aware of your paper recycling program, separating the recycled paper and
dealing with it appropriately.
vii. Using a paper calculator to understand how to reduce impact by switching to
office paper containing higher post-consumer recycled content (see
www.environmentaldefense.org/papercalculator).
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c. Reuse or recycle white paper, corrugate, plastics, bottles, cans (food and material),
and pallets.
d. Recycle universal and electronics waste (e.g., batteries, mercury thermometers,
fluorescent lamps, computer monitors, office equipment, toner and ink jet cartridges).
e. Work with vendors and suppliers and ask them to provide items with less or no
packaging waste (e.g., purchasing in bulk, reusable transport packaging, and
lightweight packaging).
1.3.2 To ensure proper disposal of hazardous waste:
a. Recover and use authorized vendor for disposal of solid waste that has the potential to
be hazardous, such as those listed in Table 3.
b. Use and launder rags instead of disposable cloths for press cleanup.
Table 3: Possible solid wastes with disposal concern6
Possible Solid Wastes Example Constituent(s) of Concern for Waste Type
Scrap or expired film silver Silver
Empty Aerosol Cans Residual Solvents
Empty chemical containers Ignitable, toxic, corrosive residues
Old or used screen materials Heavy metals
Empty ink containers Heavy metals, thinners
c. Recover and use authorized vendor for disposal of hazardous waste, such as those
listed in Table 4.
Table 4: Possible hazardous solid wastes found in printing operations6
Possible Hazardous Wastes Example Constituent(s) of Concern for Waste Type
Partially full aerosol cans Toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane
Unused film developer Hydroquinone
Used parts washer solvent Xylene, benzene, toluene
Spent film fixer Silver
Improperly managed shop towels Benzene, toluene, TCA, metals
Unused solvents Toluene, xylene, TCA, TCE
Solvent-based plate developers Benzene
Cyanide developing solution used with electrostatic plates
Cyanide
6 Pollution Prevention Resource Center (PPRC), “Commercial Printing Industry – Compliance and Pollution
Prevention Workbook.” Ch 1. 1997. http://www.pprc.org/pubs/pubslist.cfm
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Fountain solution Ethylene glycol
Excess ink or ink stains Heavy metals
Ink cleanup sludges Heavy metals, residual press wash
Adhesive waste Methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, xylene
Waste PMT activator Silver
Emulsion and ink remover waste Xylene
Haze remover waste High pH
1.3.3 Program to recycle or encourage recycling of liner material from customers
Encourage customers to recycle or return liner material. If returned, identify local recycling
operation or another industry that can recycle or reuse the material.
1.4 Office and Facility
1.4.1 To use environmentally preferable cleaning practices in facility and office:7
a. Source biodegradable and non-toxic cleaning materials, including:
General-purpose cleaners, floor cleaners, bathroom cleaners, glass cleaners,
and carpet cleaners
Floor finishes and floor strippers
Liquid hand soap
b. Ensure proper storage and handling of cleaning chemicals.
c. Source high post-consumer recycled content toilet and facial tissue, paper towels and
napkins.
d. Review the Green Seal Green Environmental Standard for Cleaning Services for
more cleaning practices (see http://greenseal.org/certification/cleaning_services_gs-
42.pdf).
1.4.2 To give purchasing preference to environmentally preferable materials such as office
supplies, paper, equipment, etc.:
a. Create policy and criteria for evaluating the environmental attributes of high volume
and/or high impact materials. Possible criteria include:
Energy Star appliances
Minimum 30% post-consumer recycled content
Displays Green Seal or other third-party label
1.4.3 To increase use of environmentally preferable packaging materials or practices for
shipping:
7 Green Seal - Find Green Products and Services
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a. Consider rationalizing number and sizes of shipping boxes.
b. Source shipping boxes with a greater amount of post-consumer recycled content.
c. Source compostable, reusable, or recyclable packing peanuts, or polybags for
packaging filler and cores.
d. Ship in bulk whenever feasible.
e. Reuse core plugs, or source with high recycled content or other environmentally
preferable material.
f. Optimize cube utilization. More units per roll will reduce packaging, reduce set up at
production stage, and will reduce set up at consumer use point. More units per carton
will better utilize pallet space and reduce freight.
g. Ensure pallets are uniform and stabilized for stacking to increase trailer utilization.
1.5 Compliance Violations
Identify relevant local air and water regulations, and ensure each facility is properly permitted, if
required. Indicate ‘Not Applicable’ in the performance measurement if no regulations apply.
1.5.1 To eliminate compliance fines, violations, and complaints:
a. Identify alternatives for toxic or hazardous materials (as identified in Air and Water
sections above).
b. Ensure proper storage and handling, corrective and preventative management
practices are in place for potentially regulated materials.
1.6 Innovative Program A point may be earned for innovative programs or projects in the Clean Production Techniques
section. To qualify for an innovation point, the applicant must be able to document and quantify
the environmental benefit(s) of the program or project. The proposed innovative project should
be substantial to the extent that it would likely be recognized as of significant magnitude and
truly exceptional/innovative by industry peers. Examples of programs that may be significant
but not innovative:
Diversion of matrix waste from landfill to incineration for energy generation
Purchase of renewable energy credits
Replacement of plant lighting with more energy efficient lamps
Recycling of spent liner materials through existing channels of distribution
The awarding of an innovation point is at the discretion of the third-party L.I.F.E.® auditor.
Credit for innovative projects may not be awarded in subsequent years.
If L.I.F.E.® certification is contingent on award of an innovation point, it is recommended that
complete documentation for the innovative point be submitted to the third-party auditor prior to
the site visit or at least four weeks in advance of the certification renewal date.
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2.0 ENERGY AND GREENHOUSE GASES
2.1 Energy Use
Attention to the type and amount of energy used in your facility has significant potential to
reduce costs as well as environmental impact associated with the extraction and generation or
combustion of fossil resources for energy. This section describes possible activities for energy
efficiency and conservation.
To begin, assemble bills for electric and gas utilities, fuel expenses, and shipping to understand
the full cost of energy usage in offices and facilities. Breakdown by location or area of the
facility (e.g., submetering) as much as possible. This basic energy audit can then be used to
focus resources on high impact improvement opportunities.
To become more sustainable, organizations should strive not only to increase efficiency, but also
to reduce total waste generation and resource consumption (i.e., reduce their environmental
footprint). Thus, participants should be looking over time at not only reductions of inputs per
unit of output, but also at the absolute reductions of resource inputs and waste outputs in order to
achieve a sustainable business for future generations.
If at all possible, in addition to absolute numbers, the quantities of pollutants reduced or natural
resources conserved presented in the supporting documentation should be normalized to a
relevant factor so that progress in an area can be evaluated over time. Examples include, amount
of waste landfilled/linear feet of production or amount of waste landfilled/number of press hours.
2.1.1 To increase energy efficiency of production, offices and facilities:
a. Develop policies, procedures, and communications to reduce demand for energy and
increase the efficiency.
Production:
i. Turn off equipment and lights when not in use.
ii. Properly maintain production equipment for optimal energy efficiency.
iii. Consider shift/hour changes to reduce equipment set up and gain efficiency.
iv. Consider transitioning to electric forklifts and organizing process flow to
minimize the need for forklifts to minimize the combustion of fuel.
Offices and facilities:
Lighting and Office Equipment
i. Turn off equipment and lights when not in use.
ii. Use automated controls to reduce or eliminate lighting, heating or cooling when
facilities are closed.
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iii. Purchase more energy efficient light bulbs, computers, printers and other
equipment (i.e., Energy Star). Use a lighting calculator to help compare the
energy consumption of current lighting with energy-efficient replacements.8
iv. Consider offsetting lighting needs with natural light through sky lights in new or
existing buildings, or dimming lights in sunny spaces.
v. Consider designing space for a lighting intensity of 1.0 watts per square foot or
less when planning lighting for a new space or renovating existing lighting.
Insulation
i. If possible, install more efficient insulation to reduce heating and cooling loads,
including:
o Building envelope (e.g., walls)
o ‘Green’9 or ‘white’
10 roofs
o Windows
b. Consider pursuing LEED EB certification (Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design for Existing Buildings)11
2.1.2 To increase energy efficiency of distribution fleet and transportation:
Fleet Optimization
a. Optimize schedules to consolidate shipments and minimize distances traveled.
b. Consider sourcing materials domestically/ locally to reduce transportation needs.
c. Purchase alternatively fueled vehicles such as hybrids or bio-based fuel.
d. Develop other programs to increase fuel efficiency from driver behavior such as
reducing idling, optimized speeds and tire inflation, etc.
Shipping Services
e. Avoid transportation of freight by air whenever possible.
Employee-related transportation
f. Encourage and/or initiate employee carpool programs.
g. Reduce business travel to critical travel only, and conduct more meetings via
conference call.
h. Consider offsetting carbon emissions of business travel.
8 Energy Star Lighting Calculator
9 “About Green Roofs.” Green Roofs for Healthy Cities.
http://www.greenroofs.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26&Itemid=40 10
“White Roofing: Frequently Asked Questions.” Roof Coating Manufactures Association.
http://www.roofcoatings.org/wcc.html#faq 11
“LEED for Existing Buildings.” US Green Building Council.
http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=221
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2.2 Greenhouse gases
Customers, regulators, employees, and communities are increasingly interested in reducing
global climate change. All companies contribute to this phenomenon through the energy and
resources required at every stage of a product L.I.F.E.®cycle to turn raw materials into useful
product. Greenhouse gases are emitted from many sources. Sources most relevant to TLMI
members are fuel consumption (for heating, transportation, fork lifts, etc) and electricity
generation. The greenhouse gas emissions from electricity vary greatly by the source of that
energy to the utility grid (e.g., coal, natural gas, nuclear, hydroelectric). Understanding a ‘carbon
footprint’, priorities for action, and meaningful metrics requires the translation of energy use into
a greenhouse gas inventory.
2.2.1 To develop a greenhouse gas management program:
a. Use the Greenhouse Gas Protocol tools12
or follow the guidelines in Table 5 below to
conduct a basic greenhouse gas inventory for the facility from electricity and gas
consumed for offices and operations, and fuel consumed for transportation.
Employee commuting and business travel can be included if desired. Because the
greenhouse gas emissions from electricity vary widely depending on the source of
electricity in particular regions, reference the EPA Power Profiler13
for information
on the energy source and its carbon impact in your region.
b. Update this greenhouse gas inventory as new energy conservation and renewable
energy projects occur.
c. Consider the desired hierarchy of carbon reduction in Figure 2 below to develop a
program to reduce emissions.
Table 5 Calculation of Greenhouse Gases
The Kyoto Protocol categorizes direct and indirect GHG emissions into three broad scopes:
Scope 1: All direct GHG emissions. Direct emissions occur from sources that are owned or
controlled by an individual reporting company. These would typically include
emissions from furnaces, boilers, emergency generators, water heaters, company
owned/leased trucks and vehicles, propane forklifts/clamp trucks.
Scope 2: Indirect GHG emissions from consumption of purchased electricity, heat or steam.
For most converters, the typical component is purchased electricity. The key here is
that the emissions are not generated directly by the company but rather at another
company which is supplying the electricity, heat or steam. The purpose of
separating Scope 1 and 2 is to avoid double counting of GHG emissions when
aggregating data across multiple entities.
Scope 3: Other indirect emissions from your operation, such as:
12 “Tools.” Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative. http://www.ghgprotocol.org/calculation-tools/all-tools 13
“How Clean is the Electricity I use?” EPA. http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/how-clean.html
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Product materials produced by your suppliers (raw materials, inks, toners, etc.)
Transport-related activities by vehicles not owned or controlled by the reporting
entity such as contractor delivery vehicles for receiving and shipping (including
transport of waste).
Employees commuting to/from work and business air travel.
This calculation deals only with Scope 1 and Scope 2 which have mandatory reporting. For the
printing and converting industry the primary sources for emitting CO2 are shown below.
Scope 1 -Natural gas used to heat facilities or as driers on specialized presses; and
emissions from company owned or leased vehicles
Scope 2 -Electricity being used to run office and equipment lighting, plate makers,
printing presses, etc.
Calculating GHG Emissions
A. THERMS = the unit of measure used for billing from your natural gas service provider.
The formula to calculate is:
Therms × 11.7 ÷ 2,204.6 = Metric Tons of CO2
Example 12,386 therms × 11.7 by 2,204.6 = 65.73 Metric Tons of CO2
B. VEHICLE EMISSIONS - Another factor in calculating total GHG for a facility is
vehicle and fleet fuel consumption. The worksheet example below requires input of the
annual •Miles traveled City and Highway and •Miles per Gallon estimates for the vehicle.
C.
Total City Miles 1,600
Total Highway Miles 14,400
City MPG 16
Highway MPG 23
Gallons of Fuel (City) 100.00
Gallons of Fuel (Highway) 626.09
Gallons of Fuel (Total) 726.09
Lbs C02 per gallon 19.30
Total Pounds C02 14013.48
Total CO2 MT Emission: 6.36
Input Total Miles City/Hwy and MPG City/Hwy
D. kWh (KILOWATT HOUR) = the unit of measure used for billing from your electrical
service provider. The formula to calculate is:
kWh × GHG Emissions Factor 2,204.6 = Metric Tons of CO2
Example: 414,517 kWh × .559 by 2,204.6 = 105.11Metric Tons of CO2
TRY IT
YOURSELF
DOUBLE CLICK
Input Yellow
Cells
L.I.F.E.® Reference Manual
19
Year Power (kWH CO2 Metric Tons Therms CO2 Metric Tons TOTAL CO2 Metric Tons
2010 414,517.00 105.11 12,386.00 65.73 170.84
POWER FACTOR 0.559 INPUT THE POWER FACTOR FROM YOUR ELECTRICAL PROVIDER
TRY IT YOURSELF – Double Click on the spreadsheet below and input your company’s
expended kWh and Therms and your GHG emissions factor here to automatically calculate your
Metric Tons of C02 emissions.
Shown below are calculations for a narrow web converting operation in California with a
greenhouse gas emissions factor of .559 for 2010. Note that each service provider can provide
you with their annual GHG emissions factor. California factors vary from year to year.
QTR POWER
(kWh)
CO2 Metric
Tons
GAS
(Therms)
CO2
Metric
Tons
TOTAL
CO2 Metric
Tons
POWER
COSTS
QTR-1 414,517 105.11 12,386 65.73 347.90 50,221.42
QTR-2 422,041 107.01 3,137 16.65 306.70 65,744.10
QTR-3 430,489 109.16 1,315 6.98 303.60 78,882.41
QTR-4 408,842 103.67 5,659 30.03 310.30 61,138.20
TOTAL 1,675,889 424.94 22,497 119.39 1,268.50 255,986.1
Unscrambling - National Green House Gas Emission Factors
The greenhouse emissions factor in each zip code varies widely across the country. We suggest
that you contact your service provider for the information when asking for billing data. Here is
the data for one region provided at the courtesy of Pacific Gas and Electric in Northern
California below.
Emission Type Description Year Lbs CO2 /kWh Lbs CO2 /therm
PG&E HISTORICAL POWER FACTORS
2006 0.456 11.7
2007 0.636 11.7
2008 0.641 11.7
2009 0.575 11.7
Current Emissions 2010 0.559 11.7
DOUBLE CLICK
ME Input Yellow
cells
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2.2.2 To increase use of renewable energy:
a. Use the EPA Green Power Locator and the EPA Guide for Purchasing Green Power
for information and strategies for purchasing renewable energy products from the
electric utility or installing renewable on-site generation capacity such as:
i. Solar thermal systems for hot water heating
ii. Wind power for electricity
iii. Solar photovoltaic systems for electricity
iv. Geothermal heating and cooling system for new facilities
Information resources on renewable energy are available in Appendix B.
b. Increase the amount of renewable power in the electricity grid by purchasing
Renewable Energy Credits (RECs)14
.
2.2.3 To ‘offset’ carbon emissions:
a. Based on your greenhouse gas inventory, purchase offsets for CO2 emissions; this
effectively subtracts emissions by ‘offsetting’ your emissions through the financing of
carbon reduction or mitigation elsewhere. The result is net ‘zero’ emissions.
Figure 2: Carbon Reduction Hierarchy
2.3 Innovation Program
A point may be earned for innovative programs or projects in the Energy and Greenhouse Gases
section. To qualify for an innovation point, the applicant must be able to document and quantify
the environmental benefit(s) of the program or project. The proposed innovative project should
14
“Renewable Energy Credits.” EPA. http://www.epa.gov/greenpower/gpmarket/rec.htm
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be substantial to the extent that it would likely be recognized as of significant magnitude and
truly exceptional/innovative by industry peers. Examples of programs that may be significant
but not innovative:
Diversion of matrix waste from landfill to incineration for energy generation
Purchase of renewable energy credits
Replacement of plant lighting with more energy efficient lamps
Recycling of spent liner materials through existing channels of distribution
The awarding of an innovation point is at the discretion of the third-party L.I.F.E.® auditor.
Credit for innovative projects may not be awarded in subsequent years.
If L.I.F.E.® certification is contingent on award of an innovation point, it is recommended that
complete documentation for the innovative point be submitted to the third-party auditor prior to
the site visit or at least four weeks in advance of the certification renewal date.
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3.0 PRODUCT DESIGN
A significant portion of the environmental impact of a product is determined simply by its design
through the choice of processes, materials, applications, and layout. Embracing
environmentally-preferable design through conversations with customers will help reduce the
impact of label products as well as support the customer’s efforts to reduce their own impacts.
3.1 Integration of Environmental Performance into design
3.1.1 To prepare product to minimize waste in production and use:
a. Choose the narrowest substrate available to fit print design in order to minimize trim
(fit to sheet).
b. Use smallest available plate for the design.
c. Design product to minimize processing steps, such as using substrate that will not
require lamination.
d. Consider size and packaging needs of final product during design.
e. Downguage when possible to reduce materials, plastic, paper, and coat weight of
adhesive.
3.1.2 To work with customer to create designs that minimizes material and energy use and
processing:
a. Work with customer to identify environmentally preferable design alternatives such
as:
i. Materials: use of environmentally preferable facestock and adhesives when
possible, or downgauge to lighter stocks
ii. Processes: reduce use of laminate and varnish to minimize VOC emissions
iii. Sizes: fit to standard substrate and plate size, or offer alternate sizes to
minimize waste
iv. Inks and colors: using fewer different colors can reduce press cleanup, and
customers can be informed of lower VOC print method options.
3.2 Environmentally Preferable Materials
While final design is determined by the customer, the converter has an opportunity to educate as
well as improve product profiles by recommending and using environmentally preferable
materials when designs are flexible. Converters can encourage customers to use relevant
environmental certifications for their own product communications.
3.2.1 To use environmentally preferable facestock and tagstock material:
a. Identify suppliers that provide Forest Stewardship Council or Sustainable Forestry
Initiative certified paper products.
b. Identify suppliers that provide materials with high post-consumer recycled content.
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c. Identify suppliers that provide materials that are made from highly renewable
materials.
d. Identify suppliers that provide materials that are recyclable due to density of the
facestock, material content, or other characteristics.
e. Minimize use of materials that use vinyl chloride.
f. Discuss the production techniques of suppliers to support products made with clean
production techniques.
3.2.2 To use environmentally preferable adhesives and fasteners:
a. Identify suppliers of Recycle Compatible Adhesives or other technologies that do not
interfere with recyclability of the final product. Adhesives that are not water-soluble
may interfere with future recycling. Consider alternative adhesives that embrace
benignity.
3.2.3 To use environmentally preferable liner material:
a. Identify suppliers that provide Forest Stewardship Council or Sustainable Forestry
Initiative certified paper products.
b. Identify suppliers that provide materials with high post-consumer recycled content.
c. Identify suppliers that will reclaim and recycle their liner materials.
d. Identify suppliers that provide materials that are made from highly renewable
materials.
e. Discuss the production techniques of suppliers to support products made with clean
production techniques.
3.3 Innovation Program
A point may be earned for innovative programs or projects in any of the Product Design section.
To qualify for an innovation point, the applicant must be able to document and quantify the
environmental benefit(s) of the program or project. The proposed innovative project should be
substantial to the extent that it would likely be recognized as of significant magnitude and truly
exceptional/innovative by industry peers. Examples of programs that may be significant but not
innovative:
Diversion of matrix waste from landfill to incineration for energy generation
Purchase of renewable energy credits
Replacement of plant lighting with more energy efficient lamps
Recycling of spent liner materials through existing channels of distribution
The awarding of an innovation point is at the discretion of the third-party L.I.F.E.® auditor.
Credit for innovative projects may not be awarded in subsequent years.
If L.I.F.E.® certification is contingent on award of an innovation point, it is recommended that
complete documentation for the innovative point be submitted to the third-party auditor prior to
the site visit or at least four weeks in advance of the certification renewal date.
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4.0 MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
An Environmental Management System (EMS) is a systematic approach for incorporating
energy and environmental goals and priorities into routine operations. The US EPA defines an
EMS as “a set [or system] of processes and practices that enable an organization to reduce its
environmental impacts and increase its operating efficiency.” This focus on processes and
practices is common to all EMSs, which are generally founded on the “Plan, Do Check, Act”
cycle of continuous improvement.
This section includes several requirements that mirror an environmental management system.15
When completing the scorecard, note that the Performance Improvement is measured by
improvements in status of these requirements. A facility can begin with no involvement, and
progress to having a policy or program In Place, then improve its implementation such that the
policy or program is Sufficient at achieving the basic intent of the particular policy or program
(e.g., the continual improvement policy does facilitate the creation of annual goals). A
measurement of Effective is the objective, which captures that the policy or program achieves the
ultimate business or environmental goal (e.g., the continual improvement policy facilitates the
creation of goals and ensures they are met).
4.1.1 To create an Environmental Policy Statement:
a. Create a written policy with the following elements:
i. Clear description of the scope of operations covered by the policy
ii. Details of the company’s commitment, including things like pollution
prevention, compliance with all laws and continual improvement
iii. Signature by top management
iv. A sample policy is outlined in Appendix C.
4.1.2 To develop an environmental risk assessment process:
a. Develop a risk assessment process with the following elements:
i. Identify risks associated with activities, products and services
ii. Have process regularly reviewed by a third party
4.1.3 To monitor performance:
a. Develop procedures to:
i. Monitor key characteristics of operations and activities that can have significant
environmental impacts and/or compliance consequences.
ii. Track performance (including your progress in achieving objectives and targets);
iii. Calibrate and maintain monitoring equipment.
15
For more information about Environmental Management Systems, visit: http://www.epa.gov/EMS/
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iv. Through internal audits, periodically evaluate your compliance with applicable
laws and regulations.
4.1.4 To set annual continual improvement objectives and targets:
a. Develop a system to regularly check performance against expectations, correcting
items that require it, and based on assessment of the sources of impact of the
business, set measurable and feasible targets for annual improvement.
4.1.5 To develop Environmental Best Practice Awareness programs:
a. Institutionalize regular communication and training about the company’s
environmental commitments and customer requirements to ensure the organization is
constantly in a learning mode, looking for and considering new practices.
4.1.6 To outline Emergency Response procedures:
a. Communicate risks and response procedure to employees and the surrounding
community.
4.1.7 To develop corrective and preventative action management programs:
a. Create a system to monitor incidences of non-compliance with or discrepancies from
established policies. Create a policy for corrective action of such incidences.
b. As part of the risk assessment process, determine possibilities for discrepancies and
take action to prevent them from occurring.
c. Evaluate the corrective actions of other TLMI members to develop additional
preventative actions.
4.1.8 To conduct regular performance review
a. Regularly review performance internally to ensure programs are progressing
appropriately and actions are taken as necessary.
4.1.9 To ensure proper maintenance of equipment
Develop a list of requirements for basic maintenance of equipment, including detailed task
breakdowns, timelines, assignment of responsibility to specific personnel, and documentation
procedure.16
16
Sustainable Green Printing Partnership. http://www.sgppartnership.org
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4.2 Other Certifications
A point may be earned in recognition of other environmental programs maintained by applicants
that also involve third-party verification audits. Programs that may be considered include, but are
not limited to, Forestry Chain-of-Custody Programs (FSC, SFI, etc.), and Green Seal. The
awarding of a point for other certifications is at the discretion of the third-party L.I.F.E.® auditor.
ISO 14001 Certified Facility will only need to provide a copy of their ISO 14001 certificate
for Section 4 Management Systems of the scorecard. This will suffice in review and
auditing Section 4 of the scorecard. ISO 14001 certified facility will automatically qualify
for “Engaged” in all of Section 4. The certificate must be valid at the time of the onsite
audit or desk audit. (effective 2/2015)
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APPENDIX A: PROJECT METHODOLOGY
The TLMI Environmental Best Practices Task Force engaged Five Winds International in
January 2008 to facilitate the creation of this program. Together, this team used existing
resources on environmentally preferable activities for printing industries, as well as practical
expertise from the label conversion businesses represented on the Task Force, to identify relevant
criteria for activities, products and services that impact the environment.
In order to ensure rigor in the performance standard, activities, products and services that have a
potential impact on the environment, as well as management systems to measure, control, and
reduce that impact must all be included. As such, the scorecard evaluates the four categories of
requirements listed below, which are modeled on the Sustainable Packaging Coalition (SPC)
guidelines. A comparison of the categories is shown below in Appendix A.
Clean Production
Energy and Greenhouse Gas
Product Design and Environmentally Preferable Materials
Management Practices
Since initial conception, the program evolved into a scorecard format to maximize transparency,
allow members to highlight areas of success, and to allow members and their customers to
evaluate performance characteristics that are most relevant to a particular product L.I.F.E.® cycle
or company. The verification process was derived from knowledge of auditing and verification
for other industry standards and management systems, such as ISO 14001.
The program was piloted in June 2008 to ensure usefulness and relevance of the work to day-to-
day business activities of TLMI members.
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APPENDIX B: SPC AND TLMI CATEGORIES COMPARISON
SPC Guidelines17
TLMI Categories
Is beneficial, safe and healthy for individuals and
communities throughout its L.I.F.E.®
cycle
Clean Production Techniques Product Design
Meets market criteria for performance and cost Implicit in the mission of TLMI
Is sourced, manufactured, transported and recycled using renewable energy
Energy and Greenhouse Gases
Maximizes the use of renewable or recycled source materials
Product Design
Is manufactured using clean production technologies and best practices
Clean Production Techniques
Is made from materials healthy in all probable end
of L.I.F.E.®
scenarios
Product Design
Is physically designed to optimize materials and energy
Product Design
Is effectively recovered and utilized in biological and/or industrial cradle to cradle cycles
Clean Production Techniques Product Design
17
. Sustainable Packaging Coalition | Definition of Sustainable Packaging
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APPENDIX C: SAMPLE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
July 1, 2005
To All Officers and Employees:
Safety and Environmental Protection Policy
[Our Company is] committed to operating our [operation] to:
Ensure safety,
Prevent injury or loss of L.I.F.E.®
Protect the environment,
Provide a safe workplace, and
Ensure a safe, high quality experience for our customers.
In carrying out these critical responsibilities, we will:
Comply with all applicable laws and regulations,
Adhere to appropriate industry standards and codes,
Strive for continuous improvement in both safety and environmental protection,
Set and achieve measurable targets and objectives for safety and environmental performance, and
Prevent pollution through the efficient and responsible use, recycling and disposal of resources.
Safeguarding our customers, employees, and assets and the environment in which we live and operate is
not only the right thing to do, it is essential to the successful conduct of our business.
These are very high standards and require substantial effort to achieve. Every one of us must be
constantly alert and work hard to prevent the hazardous situations that may lead to an accident or damage
to the environment.
I expect each of you to give your very best effort every day, and I promise you mine.
[Signature]
President and Chief Executive Officer
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APPENDIX D: RESOURCES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY
RENEWABLE ENERGY
“Green Power”
Green Power Locator
Environmental Protection Agency
Green Power Locator | Green Power Partnership | US EPA
http://www.epa.gov/greenpower/pubs/gplocator.htm
Guide to Purchasing Green Power.
Environmental Protection Agency
http://www.epa.gov/greenpower/documents/purchasing_guide_for_web.pdf
Solar
Solar Thermal.
The Solar Guide.
Solar Thermal
http://www.thesolarguide.com/solar-thermal/
Commercial Solar Thermal Introduction.
Southface.
Welcome | Southface http://www.southface.org/solar/solar-roadmap/commercial%20solar/commercial_thermal.htm
Solar Direct Case Studies
Solar Direct
Solar Direct Case Studies
http://www.solardirect.com/resources/case-studies/case-studies.htm
Commercial Case Studies
Solar Craft
Solar energy case studies | Commercial solar electric case studies
http://www.solarcraft.com/electcomcase.html
Wind
Small Wind.
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American Wind Energy Association.
Distributed & Community Wind
http://www.awea.org/smallwind/.
Aerotecture, Urban wind turbines.
Aerotecture International - Home
http://www.aerotecture.com
Geothermal
Geothermal Heat Pump Case Studies
Omaha Public Power District
Geothermal Heat Pump Case Studies - Omaha Public Power District
Commercial Case Studies
Geothermal International
Heat Pump, Heating and Cooling Systems - Geothermal International
http://www.geothermalint.co.uk/commercial/commercialcasestudies.php
FUNDING
The payback time for renewable energy installations may be decreasing thanks to the rising costs
of fossil-based energy, but initial capital costs are not insignificant. Governmental agencies at all
levels have set up many rebates, grants, and other financing mechanisms to help businesses and
residents install renewable technologies. The database listed below provides the names of
programs and agencies to contact about possible financing.
Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Energy Efficiency
DSIRE: DSIRE Home
http://www.dsireusa.org/
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Copyright 2012 by Tag and Label Manufactures Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. For the confidential use of the Tag and Label Manufacturers Institute and its members only. No part of L.I.F.E.® can be reproduced in whole or part without written permission of the Tag and Label Manufacturers Institute, Inc., 1 Blackburn Center, Gloucester, MA 01930. 978.282.1400