LIFE Mires Estonia
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Jüri-Ott Salm Mires Estonia
Transcript of LIFE Mires Estonia
Jüri-Ott Salm
Mires Estonia
Soomaa National Park - Kuresoo mireTotal area: 11 000 haDrained area: 75 haHabitats: bog (*7110), transitional fen and
bog forest (*91D0)
Kuresoo bog, Sept 2013.Photos: J.-O. Salm
Kuresoo bog, in 2012 and 2013.Photos: J.-O. Salm
Measurement Greenhouse Gas fluxes in Kuresoo
Restoration of mire in Viru bog, abandoned peat extraction area, Sept 2013. Photo: J.-O. Salm
Habitat site type Area (ha)
1950 1990 2010
Poor fens 152 300 30 000 18 000Rich fens 74 900 7000 18 000Minerotrophic quagmires
1300 300 >2200
Floodplain fens 83 000 1000 >3300Mixotrophic grass mires76 200 10 000 >35 000Mixotrophic quagmires 700* 5000Spring fens 1500 400 >800Heath moors 3000 1500 >1200Bogs 250 000 185 000 >150 000Total 642 200 236 200 >233 500
Area of mires in 1950 (Laasimer, 1965), 1990 (Ilomets et al., 2010), and2010 (Paal & Leibak 2012. Estonian mires inventory)
Area of Estonian mires has decreased during last 60 years2,6–2,8 times, from 642 200 ha to 233 500 ha.
Mires in Estonia
Peat extraction
Potential areas for peat extraction 126 – ca 200 000 ha
Increasing threat by oil shale mining
Oil shale undergound mining site “Estonia” and SelisooNature protection area.. Marandi et al 2013
LIFE Mires Estonia (project proposal Oct 2014)
LIFE Mires Estonia - project objectives:1. To secure favourable conservation status for mires and priority habitats protected under
EU HD - Active raised bogs (7110*), Bog woodland (91D0*), and Fennoscandian deciduous swamp woods (9080*). In addition: Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds (3160), Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation (3260), Northern boreal alluvial meadows (6450), transition mires and quaking bogs (7140), Alkaline fens (7230), Fennoscandian herb-rich forests with Picea abies (9050), and Western Taiga (9110*); birds Tetrao urogallus and Lagopus lagopus, amphibian Rana arvalis, and semi-aquatic invertebrates Leucorrhinia dragonflies.
2. Restoration area affects app. 5800 ha of mires of which 3450 ha are Natura 2000 priority habitats (7110*, 91D0*, 9080*, 9110*), it is expected to close app. 240 km of drainage ditches and restore mire habitats in 50 ha of abandoned peat mining fields located in nature conservation areas. Actions in 6 nature conservation areas.
3. Development of a methodology and guidelines for restoration of degraded mire habitats sites concurrently supporting T. urogallus, R. arvalis, and Leucorrhinia populations.
4. Involvement of volunteers to mire restoration activities (50 volunteer camps, app. 500 participants).
5. Raising public awareness and expertise on mire conservation and restoration. E.g. study days for schoolchildren and teachers (multimedia), establishment of LIFE trail, articles in National Geographic (Estonian), participation in thematic workshops etc.
6. Mire archaeology.
Sirtsi
Volunteers building peat dams
Foto
: Eer
o V
äin
Foto
: Agu
Lei
vits
Introduction into mires
App. 540 EUR per ha
LIFE Mires Estonia
Actions in current project proposal follow objectives of Estonian Nature Conservation Strategy until 2020 and prioritized action framework (PAF) for Natura 2000:degraded mires are restored (9900 ha) and degraded wet forest habitats are restored (2000 ha) by year 2020.
Project partners:Un. of Tartu, NGO Arheovisioon
Turbakaevandusalad
Eestis tehtud mõõtmistele tuginevalt on emissioonid aktiivses kasutuses olevalt turba kaevandusalalt 6383 kg CO2 ha-1 a-1. Kaevandamisjärgselt, enne ala taastamist võib emissioon olla 10 431 kg CO2 ha-1 a-1 (Salm jt 2012). Raport: Eesti võimalused liikumaks konkurentsivõimelise madala süsinikuga majanduse suunas aastaks 2050.
