Life Lines of National Economy (Fa-4) Investigatory chemistry project on bone ash describing...

8/10/2019 Life Lines of National Economy (Fa-4) Investigatory chemistry project on bone ash describing somethingInvestigatory chemistry project on bone ash describing somethingInvesti

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TRANSPORT,COMMUNICATION

&TRADE

PRESENTED BY

Yashasva J ain

Jayesh MasandIsh aan Kh are

Tanishq Agrawal

Job P Daniel

An ish Pil lai

L IFE LINES OF NATIONAL

ECONOMY


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MODES OF TR NSPORT


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INTRODUCTION

Transport, communication and trade play an important role in dayto day life as they link production with consumption. Productionitself becomes easy by transport, communication and trade asprocessing site is linked with the sites of raw material. Developedtransport, communication and trade help goods and servicesbeing distributed in the local, national and international markets.They not only ensure movement of people, materials and

communication but also movement of ideas, and skill from oneregion to another. So, the development of efficient transport andcommunication network reflects the development of economy andthe country as a whole. These means are called lifelines of anations economy.

In the modern world, no country can prosper without the co-operation and help of other countries . For this movement of goods

and material is essential among the countries .Movement of goodsand materials among the countries is termed as trade. Tradeprovides with our necessities and also add to our amenities andcomforts. Transport, communication and trade are essential foreconomic integration, social interaction and defence of the countryas well as other countries.


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TR NSPORT NETWORK

MEANS OF TRANSPORT

LAND WATER AIR

ROADWAYS RAILWAYS PIPELINESINLAND

WAYS

OVERSEAS

WAYS

DOMESTIC

AIRWAYS

INTERNATIONAL

AIRWAYS

PUBLIC

UNDERTAKING

PRIVATE

AIRLINES


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RO DS

NETWORK OF ROADS IN INDIA - 33.2 lakh km .

On the basis of nature & surfacing - 1.Metalled (pucca)- 57%2. Unmetalled (kuchcha) -43%

On the basis of construction & maintenance

(a.) Golden Quadrilateral Super Highway :

(i) NHDP Phase- I :- 5,846 km., six lane,

CONNECTING-Delhi ,Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata

(ii) NHDP Phase- II :- 7300 km.

* NS Corridors Srinagar to Kanyakumari

* EW CorridorsSilchar(Assam) to Porbandar(Gujarat)

(iii) Port connectivity and other projects - 1,157 km.(iv) NHDP PhaseIII:- 4,015km., 4 lane ,

-National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) is the implementing agency for NHDPprogramme.

-NHAI is implement 4 laning of 603km. Special Accelerated Road Development

Programme in the North Eastern Region (SARDP-NE) ,


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-

(b.) NATIONAL HIGHWAYS -- As on March 31,2006 - 65,569 km.2% of the total length of the road network

CPWD constructs and maintains National Highways.35%-single lane, 53%-2lane & 12%-4 lane or more.

(c.) STATE HIGHWAYS --1.28 lakh km. 97%of the length of state highwayis metalled.

The State Highways are constructed and maintained by StateGovernment.

(d.) DISTRICTS ROADS4,70,000 km.Districts authorities constructs and maintain the District

Roads(e.)OTHER ROADS- mostly kuchcha roads, 26,50,000 km.

(f.) BORDER ROADS - Border Road Development Board , Worlds highestRoads from Manali (H.P.) to Leh of Ladakh (J&K)ROAD DENSITY - The lowest density10 km.per 100 sq.km in J.&K.

The highest density375 km.per 100 sq.km. in KeralaThe national average of road density75 km. per 100 sq. km.

PROBLEMS FACED BY ROAD TRANSPORT 1.Inadequate2 .43% of road are unsurfaced.

3. Highly congested in cities & Bridges are narrow.4.Roadside amenities are not sufficient &Emergencies services are

poor.


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R ILW YS

Intro du ced by Br it ish Govt. in 1853 - 34 km . between Mumbai to Thane

Railway Network in India

(As on March 31,2004)

1. Route Length : 63,221 km

2.Railway Station :7,031

3. Railway Engines :7,817

4. Coaches :36,510

5. Wagons :2,28,170

6. Running Track :1,07,969

km.

7. Electrified Track :17,500 km.

8. Zones :16


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PROGRESS M DE BY INDI N R ILW YS

SINCE INDEPENDENCE

1. The total length of railway network as on March, 2002 was 63028 km.

(i) Broad Gauge (1.67 metre) - 45622 km. (70%)

(ii) Metre Gauge (1 metre) - 14364 km. (24.6%)

(iii) Narrow Gauge(0.77 metre) - 3136 km. (5.36%)

As on March, 195153596 km. - 18% increase

2. Additional Lines on the already existing busy routestotal running track had

increased from 59,315 km. to 1,07,969 km. in 2001.

3. Electrification of routeBy March,2006 the Indian railways had got 17500 km. of

railway route electrified.(26% of total route)

Purposes of Electrification(i) relieves railways from steam engines.

(ii) ensure more speedy movement.

(iii) Clean and pollution free travel.

4. Container Service - Provides door to door service for goods & commodities by

CCI.

5. Computerised reservation & more and more coaches and sleepers.

6. METRO Railway - Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai & Chennai

7. Super fast Trains -

8. Biggest Government Department15.5 lakhs regular employees &2 lakhs casual.


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PIPELINES

Pipelines have become a major means of transport and are usedin transporting crude oil, petroleum product and natural gasfrom the oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertiliser

factories and big thermal power generation plants.

Major categories of pip el ine trans po rtat ion in India :-

1. upper Assam Oil fields to Kanpur via Guwahati, Barauni and Allahabad2. Salaya (Gujarat) to Jalandhar (Punjab) via Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi and

Panipat.3. Hazira (Gujarat) to Jagdishpur (U.P.) via Bijapur (M.P.)the longest pipeline

in India -1700km.4. Mumbai HIGH with MumbaiPune

PROPOSED PIPELINES(I) Between Kandla and Panipat(II) Between Kandla and Bina

(III) Between Mumbai and Manmad(IV) Between Vishakhapatanam to Vijaiwada(V) between Mangalore to Chennai via Bangalore


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Waterways

India has a large number of perennial rivers and a very long coastline of 6100

km.Types of waterways:- (a.) Inland water transport

(b) Ocean water transport

National Waterways:-

1.The Ganga river - Allahabad to Haldia - 1620 km.

2. The Brahmaputra river - Sadiya TO Dhubri - 891 km.3. The West Coast Canal - Kollam to Kottapuram - 14 km.

4. The Champakara CanalKerala -13 km.

5. Udagmandalam Canal - Kerala -22 km.

Major Sea Ports:- At the time of Independence - 5 sea ports

Sea ports at West Coast Seaports at East Coast1. Kandla 1. Tuticorin

2. Mumbai 2. Chennai

3. Nhova Sheva (Jawahar Lal Nehru) 3. Ennore

4.Mormugao 4. Vishakhapatnam

5. Mangalore 5. Paradip

6. Kochi 6. Haldia


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irways

Air travel is the fastest, most comfortable and prestigious mode of

transport.

Civil Aviation Department of controls and supervises the activities of

airlines and gives guidelines for safe operations of the airlines.

A IR SERVICES:- 1. Air India - 26 Air Craft

2. Indian Airlines - 54 Air Craft

3. Pawan Hans Helicopters4. Private Air Lines (Scheduled & Non-scheduled)-70

International Airports :- 14 1.Delhi 8.Kochi

2.Mumbai 9.Hyderabad

3.Chennai 10. Guwahati

4. Kolkata 11. Bangalore

5. Amritsar 12. Thiruvananthapuram

6. Ahmedabad 13. Srinagar

7. Panaji 14. Pune

Airports are managed by Airports Authority of India.


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The Role of Transport Network in the

development of India

1. Lifelines of the Country-

2. Transportation-

3. Turning of local market into national market

4. Help in the development of economy

5. National integration of the country

6. Cultural integration


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COMMUNIC TION NETEORK

Communication is the process in which messages are sentfrom one place to another; people sitting thousands of km.

away talk with one another and even watch one another.

Variou s Means of commun icat ion-

1. Postal Services

2. Print Media

3. Telecommunication-

4. Electronic Media - Radio & Television

5. Teleprinters and Cables


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Trade

The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is referred to

astrade.

Trade between two countries is calledinternational trade.

Foreign Trade includes exports and imports. Export trade is thetrade in which a country supplies its surplus goods and commodities

to other nations and earn valuable foreign exchange.Import trade is

the trade in which a country obtains these goods and commoditiesfrom other countries in which it is deficient.

Balance of Trade is the difference in the value of exports andimports.

Major items of Indias Exports - Agriculture and allied product, oresand minerals, gems and jewellery and chemical products, engineering

goods.

Major items of Indias Imports- Petroleum and petroleum products,pearls and precious stones, inorganic chemical, coke, machinery,fertilizers etc.

Except 1972-73 and 1976-77, Indias trade balance has been adverse since

independence.


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Bibliography

Social Science :Contemporary India-II

www.wikipedia.com

www.google.co.in

www.seeindia.org/cee

www.bnhs.org
http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.google.co.in/http://www.seeindia.org/ceehttp://www.bnhs.org/http://www.bnhs.org/http://www.seeindia.org/ceehttp://www.google.co.in/http://www.wikipedia.com/

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