Life cycle of Tasar insect - Pradan · 1. Use of home-made layings (eggs) without eliminating...
Transcript of Life cycle of Tasar insect - Pradan · 1. Use of home-made layings (eggs) without eliminating...
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Life cycle of Tasar insect
Cocoon Stage
Moth coupling
Hatching of worms
Young worm
Moulting
Adult worm
§ Duration of life cycle: 40-70 days.
§ Host Plant: Terminalia spp.
§ No. of Life cycles / year: 2-3.
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BROAD SEGMENTS OF TASAR SUB-SECTOR
1. Pre-cocoon Segment:
a) Laying (egg) preparation.
b) Silkworm rearing on host plants.
c) Marketing of cocoons.
2. Post-cocoon Segment:
a) Yarn production.
b) Weaving of Fabric.
d) Marketing of Yarn and Fabric.
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PROBLEMS IN PRE-COCOON SEGMENT OF TASAR
1. Acute shortage of high quality eggs for silkworm rearing.
2. Outdoor rearing renders the crop highly prone to risks.
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Pre-Cocoon in Traditional Sector:
1. Use of home-made layings (eggs) without eliminating disease.
2. Silkworm prone to damage by heavy rains.
3. Predators: bugs, lizards etc. inflict damage.
4. Poor sanitation : high disease incidence.
5. Cocoons sold to petty traders: poor price realization.
6. Average income Rs.2000 in 90 days.
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Rearers collect left over cocoons
Prepare Layings (eggs) at home.
Commercial rearing
Commercial cocoons
Market
FLOW CHART OF PRE-COCOON ACTIVITIES IN TRADITIONAL SECTOR.
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KEY FEATURES OF INTERVENTIONS UNDER UNDP
1. Promoted the concept of production of Disease Free Layings (DFLs) of Tasar at the village level.
2. Promoted improved Silkworm rearing practices.
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Basic seed from CSB Grainage
Seed croprearer
Seed cocoon harvest
DFL forcommercial
cropcommercial
rearer
Cocoons
Market
1st. Crop cycle
2nd. Crop cycle
FLOW CHART OF INTERVENTIONS IN PRE-COCOON ACTIVITIES
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Salient features of village level grainage:
• Owned and managed by individual entrepreneur.
• Established in rearing villages.
• Number of cycle per year : 1
• Expected production of DFLs : 4500
• Number of rearers to be catered: 12 – 18
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Advantages of Village Level Private Grainages :
• Ensure timely supply of DFLs to the rearers.
• Reduce risk of crop failure.
• Cut cost of production of DFLs.
• Offer DFLs at affordable price to the rearers.
• Grainage owner organizes seed rearing.
• Rearers exert control over grainage owner to get good DFLs.
• Grainages promote concept of better services and quality.
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• Sorted seed cocoons are tied to threads
• Bunches of cocoons hung in grainage
• Ambiance facilitates moth emergence
• Male and female moths couple
Process of DFL production in grainage
• Cocoons are dried briefly under sun
• Samples of the lot tested for disease
• Seed cocoons are sorted based on built
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• Moths are manually decoupled
• Inseminated moths kept in egg laying boxes
• Moths lay eggs for 72 hours
• Grainage room thoroughly cleaned
•Walls and floors sprayed with Formalin
•Room allowed to dry up
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•Female moths are checked for disease
• Graineur performs examination independently
•Eggs of healthy moths are retained
• Eggs are washed in soaps
• Soaked in Formalin
• Washed vigourously in flowing water
• Dried under shade
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• Dried eggs are measured
• Packaged in small cotton bags
• Sold as Disease Free layings
• DFLs sold to the rearers from Grainage
• DFLs are sold through upfront payment
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Grainage Performance
• No.of Grainages : 132
• Germination % age : 84%
• Fecundity : 216
• Sale price/DFL (Rs.): 4.00
• Subsidy on DFL : Nil
• No. of Rearers to get DFLs: 13300
50
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1999 2000 2001 2002
DF
L P
rodu
ctio
n (in
‘000
s)
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Silkworm Rearing: Strategies and Approaches
• Improvement of Host flora
• Adoption of Scientific practices
• Emphasis on capacity building
• Focus on enhancement of Productivity
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Tasar Silkworm Rearing
• Separate set plants for Young worms
• Applying of higher dose of manures
• Regular pruning to maintain height.
Use of DFLs
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Rearing of young silk worm Protected condition
• Right way of feeding
• Watch and ward against predators
Regular shift of worms to fresh plants
• Women play crucial role
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• Harvesting bountiful
• High grade of cocoons
• Nutritious leaves
• Vigourous growth of worms
• Prophylactic spraying
•Absence of disease
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Increase in Productivity in Tasar Rearing
Productivity
33
24
29
3835
2933
42
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2003 2004 2005 2006
Seed cocoon
Comm. Cocoon
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Income from Tasar Rearing
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Families
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 >30
Income in Rs.'000'
Income distribution
Families
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Post-Cocoon Activities: Reeling,Spinning,Weaving
Major Strategies:
• Capacity building.
• Extending improved technology.
• Eliminating primitive practices.
• Organizing Forward and Backward linkages.
• Separating production risk from enterprise risk.
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Traditional Tasar Reeling
• Odd Looking
• Oppressive to women
• Involves children
• Controlled by money lenders
• Painful process
• Unhygienic practice
• Abysmally low production
•Low productivity makes it unviable
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SHGs
Organizational supportCSB
Training
Reeler group
Rearers’ groupCocoons
Bank
Credit
PRADAN
Techno-managerial support
Reeled yarn
Marketing Fed.
Yarn Market
WeaversFabric Production
Fabric Market
Post-Cocoon Activity: Scheme
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No. of SHGs Promoted: 750
Total Family coverage :10350
Total Savings(in Lakhs):168 la.
Total Credit disbursed : 412 la.
Promotion of Self-Help-Groups of Women
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•Promoted to create income for women
•Technology: CSTRI Reeling Machine
•Women spend 6-8 hours a day
•Average daily net income: Rs.40-60.
•Number of women involved: 95
•Yarn prodn. during Project Period: 2360 Kg.
•Re-reeling ensures high quality
•760 Kg. of yarn sold to market
•Buyers : major export houses
•1600 Kg. of yarn woven by us
Tasar Reeling Activity
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Weaving activity
• Provided 120 new handlooms
• Trained weavers to use improved reeled yarn
• Offered design development support
• Offered regular marketing support
• Introduced strict quality control systems
• Created show room at N.Delhi
• Established ongoing contact with market
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• Developed 167 unique designs in Tasar
• Created 67 designs of sarees and made-ups
• Specialized in wide range of colours in Tasar
• Participated in domestic and international fairs.
• Current year production of Fabric: 25,000 mts.
• Sales turnover (in lakhs) : Rs. 118 la.
• Sales: 65% domestic and 35% export.
Design Development and Marketing
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OUT COME OF THE PROJECT
• Replicable model prototypes
• Well established linkages
• Large pool of village based resource persons.
• A strong team of professionals to work for Tasar
• Creation of a vision
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VISION
• Creating 15,000 livelihoods in Tasar.
• Livelihood Standards: Each family should earn at Least
Rs.12,000 annually.
• Environmental Sustainability.
• Expanding Market:From Present Rs.145 Crore to Rs.
200 Crore.
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SCOPE OF EXPANSION OF TASAR SERICULTURE IN JHARKHAND:
• Total Forest Area
• No. of Active rearers
•Requirement of DFLs
: 40,000
: 100 lakh units.
: 2.3 Million Hec
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Strategies
Strengthening Collaboration
Creating Multiple Stakeholders
-Agency, Government, People, Banks, Research Institutions
Promoting Entrepreneurship based model-People’s initiative-Cost-Effectiveness-Commercial Viability-Market Demand Driven