Lidar for Wake vortex measurement at Onera - DLR · PDF fileLidar for Wake vortex measurement...
Transcript of Lidar for Wake vortex measurement at Onera - DLR · PDF fileLidar for Wake vortex measurement...
Lidar for Wake vortex measurement at Onera Agnès Dolfi-Bouteyre , B. Augère, G. Canat,
N. Cézard, A. Durécu, D. Goular, A. Hallermeyer, L. Lombard, C. Planchat, M. Valla, C. Besson
Lidar for Wake vortex measurement at Onera past, present , future
Past activities Lidar technology development for wake vortex understanding From cw 10.6µm Lidar (1993) to pulsed 1.55µm fibered lidar (2007)
(DST, Cwake, Awiator, ….. Awiator, Credos , Fidelio, Sesar, UFO).
Present activities Lidar technology development for wake vortex surrounding measurement
for long range wind measurement on glide slope, EDR measurement (UFO project)
Improved signal processing for lidar wake vortex measurement Lidar technology development for onboard wake vortex measurement.
Future activities Lidar technology development for faster long range wind measurement Lidar measurement for improved wake vortex models.
2 Titre présentation
Lidar Wake vortex measurements at Onera A.Dolfi-Bouteyre 2016/06/08
Wake vortex measurement with Cw CO2 lidarReduced scale
Vortex_lillex.mpg
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temps (s)
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Olive oil seeding .
Reduced scale wale-vortex measurements with cw CO2 Lidar
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• Velocity resolution : 5cm/s• Cores localisation : 10 cm• Measurements up to 100 spans
Wake vortex measurement with Cw CO2 lidar
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Wake vortex measurement with Cw CO2 lidar
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Wake vortex measurement with Cw CO2 lidar
1,55 Fibered lidar :Why fiber laser?
Good beam quality (even at high averagepower) long range lidar
free-space optics are avoided easy alignment, compact setups
vibration-resistant design onboard applications
telecom industry components low cost
Good efficiency 30% @ 1,5 µm60% @ 2 µm
Compact system and airborneapplications
Complex pulse shape (amplitude modulation or phase modulaiton, agility…)
Monolithic integration of functions :Doppler - DIAL- ranging
Spectral agility (wavelength accordability, narrow linewidth) thanks to MOPFA
architecture Higher spectral coverage than in crystals
Guided architecture into small core fiber Increase of non linear effect (eg for superK)
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EOLA – transfert Keopsys
Wake vortex measurement with Cw 1,55 µm lidar B20 Awiator 2004
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Integrated all fiber architecture
Wake vortex measurement with Cw 1,55 µm lidar B20 Awiator 2004
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Pulsed 1,55µm lidar Wind profiler
Fibered technology of pulsed lidars developed at ONERATransfer of technology from Onera to Leosphere (2006)
Lidar
WindCube parameters :
Range : 40 to 200 m Averaging time 1 sWind speed accuracy : 0.2 m.s-1Wind range : -30 to 30 m.s-1Vertical resolution : 15 to 30 mWind direction accuracy : 2°
2005 20062007
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Wake vortex measurement with pulsed 1,55 µm lidar Onera pulsed fiber lidar – CREDOS Setup (2007)
Lidar characteristics :
- wavelength: 1.55 µm- range : 400m- min distance: 50m- Spatial resolution : 30 m- Speed resolution : 0.5 m/s- Frame rate : 0.2Hz
• Fibered PM Laser 100µJ designed and built at Onera/DOTA•Fibered PM architecture•Real time signal processing•Eye safety
Scanner
Lidar
750
630
550
SESAR XP0 (2011) & XP1 (2012) in CDG
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All-weather sensors (lidar + radar) for Wake-Vortex hazards mitigation on Airport.
Beam for φ = 4°
XP1 : Real time monitoring of wake vortices with a scanning Doppler lidar
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High detection rates for all aircraft categories:
•SuperHeavy : 100%•Heavy: 91%•Medium:86%
SESAR XP0 (2011) & XP1 (2012) in CDG
UFO project
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UFO project aims at improving Wake-Vortex Prediction for future weather dependent separation regulations
To develop new ultra-fast RADAR/ LIDAR sensors
Design of high peak power coherent fiber lasers for lidar applications
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Design of high peak power coherent fiber lasersfor lidar applications
ModulationAmplification
injection
Design and build of a MOFPAWith 3 amplification stages
Design and build of MOFPAWith 4 amplification stages
Based on special fiber developments
800 µJ, 1 kW peak, 4 kHz, ∆ν < 1 MHz, M² = 1,1
multifilaments core fiber
MOFPA laser(Master Oscillator Fiber Power Amplifier)
Incease in peak power by control of the Brillouin threshold
200 µJ commercial amplifier
with narrow linewidth
Spécificities:• high spectral & spatial quality• Modularity of beam characteristics
2005 2006 2007 2008100 µJ 240 µJ 600 µJ 800 µJM² = 1,8 M² = 1,4 M² = 2,2 M² = 1,1
tomorrow> 1 mJ
- special fibers- coherent combining
- other innovative techniques…
technology transfer
(Laboratory proof year)
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Strain distribution technique for MOFPA peak power increase
Increase of the extractable peak power :by increasing the SBS threshold with adistributed strain on the fiber (Onera Patent)Applicable to various laser architectures designs• Results:
Fiber Ppic without Ppic with Gain
ErYb 7 28 W 186 W 8 dB
ErYb 12 L1 58 W 223 W 6 dB
ErYb 12 L2 106 W 420 W 6 dB
ErYb 25 300 W 600 W 3 dB
0 200 400 600 800 1000 12000
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100
150
200
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Po
wer
(W
)
Time (ns)
τeff
≈ 300 ns
• Conclusion : with standard (SM)ErYb fibre : Ppic ≈ 400W, +3dB / best commercialy available sources
With large coreErYb fibre : Ppic ≈ 600W, +5dB / best commercialy available sources
τpulse~1µs, Ep~0.6mJ
Wind Measurements of Windcube UFO Lidar
3D WIND
Windcube UFO
Windcube7
• Continuous 1-hour sequence
to provide Volume and
GlidePath Wind & EDR data
and Vertical DBS profiles
1.5µm Scanning Lidars200m-resolution
Lidar Wake vortex measurements at Onera A.Dolfi-Bouteyre 2016/06/08
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Vr (m/S)
EDR from scanning lidar
Azimuthal structure function
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Time
ED
R1/
3 (m
2/3
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averaged over 10 mn, no error terms24-Apr-2014... : EDR1/3
z=0050 m to0100 m z=0100 m to0150 m z=0150 m to0200 m z=0200 m to0250 m z=0250 m to0300 m z=0300 m to0350 m z=0350 m to0400 m
altit
ude(
m)
time
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EDR1/3 (m2/3.s-1)24-Apr-2014. EDR1/3 (m2/3.s-1) averaged over 10 mn, no error terms
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m²/
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EDR 1/3 = 0.0476 m 2/3. s-1
L0 = 505 m
Azimuthal structure fonction for 150m <h< 200m
Lidar Wake vortex measurements at Onera A.Dolfi-Bouteyre 2016/06/08
Lidar Signal processing for aircraft wake vortex un biased circulation estimation :
development of a spectral parametric algorithm
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Wake vortex analytical
modelθ = ( x1,y1,Γ1; x2,y2 ,Γ2)
Lidar measurements
Velocity Spectra Yi
Detection & localisation Algorithm
(Γ1, Γ2)
( x1,y1,Γ1, x2,y2 ,Γ2)
Quick evaluation( x1,y1,Γ1, x2,y2 ,Γ2)
Refined(Γ1, Γ2)
Wake vortex characterization algorithm bloc diagram
Lidar Wake vortex measurements at Onera A.Dolfi-Bouteyre 2016/06/08
Validation (1/3)
After the Least Squares After the MLE
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Lidar Wake vortex measurements at Onera A.Dolfi-Bouteyre 2016/06/08
Validation (2/3)
Results : Influence of atmospheric turbulence
Conclusion : The turbulence is the main source of the estimates
dispersion
With turbulence Without turbulence
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Validation (2/3)
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After the Least SquaresAfter the MLE
Large Eddy Simulations• A340 : Γ = 390
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• Generated with a Hallock-Burnham model• 1,31m/s crosswind• In Ground Effect
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Improved Lidar measurements of wake vortices using dataassimilation
PHD work :
•Data assimilation process to constrain Lidar measurements with the equations of flow motion
•Account for a more complex dynamics of the flow in the post-processing of the raw Lidar data.
Onboard Wake vortex measurements Fidelio – configuration longitudinale
Lidar FoV
LIDAR
Design of a lidar simulator
Design of a fibered laser
Pulse characteristics: 120 µJ-12kHz-800ns
WV detection at 1.2 km
Orly field trials 2008
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Onboard lidar Performance with vibrations – set up
Lidar
VibratingPot
θ=45°
Ωtarget
θscan
Doppler Target: reliable and reproductible response (no meteo dependancy)Rotation of Doppler target Speckle averagingBeam scan of Doppler target Albedo averaging
Objective : Measurement of CNR with vibrations
Vibrations tests: Accelerations & frequenciesrepresentative of a medium size aircraft
Z
Lidar Wake vortex measurements at Onera A.Dolfi-Bouteyre 2016/06/0827
Without vibration With vibration~ 5Hz
No vibrations influence on CNR and speed on hard target LIDAR performs nominally duringvibrations tests
temps (s)
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B)
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Onboard lidar Performances with vibrations - results
Rotation hard target Narcisse
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Onboard lidar : All altitude measurements with Rayeigh Lidar
Laboratory development : Rayleigh lidar @ 355nm
Lidar Wake vortex measurements at Onera A.Dolfi-Bouteyre 2016/06/0829
Analyse spectrale par Double-Interferometre de Michelson
FCP
FCP
Delay line
Double shutter
LASER
CCD
Emission-Reception Head
MI of 10cm OPD (Mie)
MI of 3cm OPD(Rayleigh-Mie)
T=273K, α=1.2
α=1.2
α (contrast)
Onboard lidar : All altitude measurements with Rayeigh Lidar
Laboratory development : Rayleigh lidar @ 355nmSpectral analysis with a double Michelson interferometer
u (fringe phase)T (contrast + α)ρ (energy + α)
Dire
ctio
n -
Con
fére
nce
Projet DELICAT - coll. Thales, DLR, NLR, Latmos, Mét eo France…
Simulation of LIDAR signal:• Generation of 3D map realizations of atmospheric parameters: density ρ(x,y,z), aerosol attenuation and BS coefficient αMie(x,y,z), βMie(x,y,z), and axial wind wind(x,y,z)• Generation of aircraft trajectory (X,Y,Z(t)) as well as yaw and pitch (yaw(t), pitch(t))• => generation of lidar signal
ρ(x,y,z),βRayleigh(x,y,z), αMie(x,y,z), βMie(x,y,z),wind(x,y,z),
x
z
rho_3D
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x 104
0.98
1
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x 104
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x 1024
beta_mol_3D -6
Turbulent zone centered at 23 km
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1
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Time (s)
Z_a
c_1T
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Time (s)
pitc
h_ac
_1T
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Time (s)
yaw
_ac_
1T
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Time (s)
tas_
ac_1
T
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Distance along opt axis (m)
Det
ecto
r in
cide
nt p
ower
s (W
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first A/C position (1st shot)
Paer (Mie Channel)
Pmol (Mie Channel)
Psun (Mie Channel)Paer (Ray Channel)
Pmol (Ray Channel)
Psun (Ray Channel)
2011-2012: signal processing
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Lidar for Wake vortex measurement at Onerasummary
Onera develops laser & lidar for aeronautical applications.
Onera currently works on : • fiber laser power increasing for faster and longer range wind measurement• improved signal processing for wake-vortex measurement with optimized fiber
lidar • Lidar study & technology development for onboard Doppler measurements.
Future activities
Lidar study & technology development for onboard Doppler measurements.
Lidar technology development for faster long range wind measurements.
Lidar measurement and processing for improved wake vortex models.