LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications - Yole ...
Transcript of LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications - Yole ...
From Technologies to Markets
© 2020
LiDAR for Automotive and
Industrial Applications
Market and Technology
Report 2020
Sample
2
Glossary and definition 2
Table of contents 4
Report scope 6
Report methodology 8
About the authors 9
Companies cited in this report 10
What we got right, What we got wrong 11
Yole Group related reports 13
Executive Summary 15
Context 43
• Scope of the report
• Historical perspective
• What’s new? Products launch, collaboration, fundraising
Market forecasts 61
• LiDAR volume and market forecast
• Automotive LiDAR market and volume forecast
• Industrial LiDAR market and volume forecast
• Alternative scenario
Market trends 96
• Automotive applications
• Industrial applications
• Defense, space and scientific applications
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part 1/2
3
Market shares and supply chain 140
• Players and market shares
• M&A and investments
• Partnerships and supply chain
• LiDAR in automotive development process
• Chinese landscape
Technology trends 185
• Image formation
• Components
• Products
• Integration in ADAS vehicles
• Novel technologies
• Technology roadmaps
Teardowns 241
Outlooks 253
AboutVelodyne 257
• Company profile
• Analysis
How to use our data? 280
AboutYole Développement 281
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part 2/2
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SCOPE OF THE REPORT
Markets and applications
Yours needs are
out of the report’
scope?
Contact us for a custom:
Consumer Automotive IndustrialDefense &
aerospace
AR/VR
ADAS: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
AR: Augmented Reality
VR: Virtual Reality
ADAS
Robotic cars
Logistics
Energy
Factory
automation
Construction
Smart buildings
Smart agriculture
Security
Planets
Atmosphere
Logistics
Out of scope In scope
LiDAR consumer
applications are
covered in Yole
3D Imaging &
Sensing report.
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METHODOLOGIES & DEFINITIONS
Market
Volume (in Munits)
ASP (in $)
Revenue (in $M)
Yole’s market forecast model is based on the matching of several sources:
Information
Aggregation
Preexisting
information
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COMPANIES CITED IN THIS REPORT
ABAX, Aeva, AEye , AGC, Airbus, ams AG, AOET , Argo AI, ASC, ASE Technology, Audi, Aurora Innovation, Ball Aerospace, Baraja, BEA , BEAMAGINE,
Beijing SurestarTechnology, Benewake, Blickfeld, BMW, Bosch, Bridger Photonics, Broadcom, Carnavicom , Cepton Technologies , Continental,
CoreDAR, Cosworth, Delphi, Denso, Draper, Eblana photonics, Eckhardt Optics, EOLOS, Eonite Perception, Epistar, Epsiline, Excelitas Technologies,
Faro, Fastree3D, Ficontec, Finisar, First Sensor AG, Fujitsu, GeoSLAM, GuangshaoTechnology, Hamamatsu Photonics, Hesai Photonics Technologies,
Hexagon AB, Hitronics Technologies, Hokuyo Automatic, Huawei, Huyndai, Hybo , Hybrid LiDAR Systems, Hypersen Technologies, Hyundai Mobis,
Ibeo Automotive Systems, II-VI, Imuzak, Infineon Technologies AG, INFOWORKS, Innoluce BV, Innoviz Technologies, Innovusion, Insight LiDAR,
Iridian Spectral Technologies, Irvine Sensors Corp., Jabil, Jaguar, Kaarta, Koito, Konica Minolta, Kyocera, Laser Components, LeddarTech, Leica
Geosystems, LeiShen Intelligent System, Leonardo, Leosphere, Lexus, LG, Livox, Lumentum, Lumibird, Luminar Technologies, Lumotive, Magna,
Marelli, Meller Optics, Mercedes-Benz, METEK Meteorologische Messtechnik GmbH, Micralyne, Micro Photon Devices, Microvision, Mirada
Technologies, Mirrorcle, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Neophotonics, Neptec Design Group Ltd. , Neptec Technologies, Neuvition, Newsight
Imaging , Nextcore, Ocular Robotics, OEwaves, OLEI LiDAR, Ommatidia, Omron, ONSemi, Ophir, Oplatek, Oqmented, Osram, OURS Technology,
Ouster , Panasonic, Phantom Intelligence, Phoenix LiDAR Systems, Pioneer Smart Sensing Innovations Corporation, PSSI, pmdtechnologies AG,
Preciseley Microtechnology Corp., Princeton Optronics, Quanergy Systems, Quantel laser , Quantum Semiconductor International (QSI), Redtail
Lidar, Renault, Renesas, Riegl, RoboSense, Rockley photonics, Scantinel Photonics, Sense Photonics, Sick AG, SiLC Technologies, STMicroelectronics,
Teledyne Optech, TeraXion, TetraVue, Topcon, Trimble, Valeo, Velodyne LiDAR, Veoneer, Volkswagen, Volvo, Waymo, Webasto, XenomatiX, Z+F Laser ,
ZF Friedrichshafen AG, and more.
7
Pierrick BOULAY, Market & Technology Analyst
Pierrick Boulay works as a Market and Technology Analyst in the fields of LED, OLED and lighting systems. He performs technical,economic, and market analyses at Yole Développement, the ‘More than Moore’ market research and strategy consulting company.He has industry experience in LED lighting, including general and automotive lighting, and OLED lighting.
Prior to Yole, Pierrick worked in several R&D departments on LED lighting applications. He holds a master’s degree inElectronics from ESEO in France.
Contact: [email protected]
Alexis DEBRAY, Market & Technology Analyst
Alexis Debray is a Technology & Market Analyst in the MEMS and Sensors team at Yole Développement, the ‘More than Moore’market research and strategy consulting company. Alexis spent 17 years in Japan, including 2 years at the University of Tokyowhere he studied MEMS technologies, and 15 years at Canon Inc. where he was a research engineer. There he contributed toworks on MEMS devices, lingual prehension, and terahertz imaging devices. He is the author of various scientific publications andpatents.
Alexis graduated from ENSICAEN and holds a PhD in applied acoustics.
Contact: [email protected]
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Biographies & contact
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
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LiDAR: FROM TECHNOLOGIES TO APPLICATIONS
LiDAR
Fiber-optic
communication
VCSEL
PETSiPM
Consumer optics
Optical packaging
OCT: Optical Coherence Tomography
PET: Positron Emission Tomography
SiPM: Silicon Photomultiplier
VCSEL: Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser
Laser diode
Geographic
Information
System
Cloud data
OCT
Automatic
target
recognition
Mobility
Robots
Space
Topography
Wind
Up to
$M 500
$10 000
$1 000 000
$30 000
$500 000
$500
$75 000
Consumer
MEMS
scanner
Image processing
$1
$10
$1000
$2 000
$100 000
Logistics/Industry
9LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
HISTORY OF LiDAR
1930
In the 1930, EH
Synge conceived
the LiDAR.
1939
Ellis A. Johnson, a
Carnegie Institution
Scientist, uses a
searchlight to
capture signals up
to 40 km.
1953
Columbia University
team led by Charles
Townes build the first
maser (microwave
amplification by
stimulated emission of
radiation)
1960
In 1960, TH Maiman
conceived the first
laser.
1962
The Hughes Mark
II Colidar is the
first commercial
LiDAR.
1963
SRI build the SRI
Mark I lidar for
atmospheric
studies.
1968
George D.
Hickman flies the
first bathymetric
LiDAR.
1969
Apollo Lunar
Ranging
Experiment (LURE)
lands on the moon
with Apollo 11.
1974
York University
(Canada) physicist
Allan Carswell
and his wife Helen
found Optech.
1978
Johannes Riegl
founds Riegl.
1984
Milton Huffaker
founds Coherent
Technologies to
commercialize
lidar wind-
detection systems
1998
Cyra Technologies
introduces the
Cyrax 2400, the
first tripod-
mounted,
commercial 3D
scanner.
2000
University of Texas
at Austin team led
by James Gibeaut
create the first
lidar-based digital
elevation model of
an archaeological
site, at Copan,
Honduras.
2004
DARPA Grand
Challenge in the
Mojave Desert ends
with no
finishers. SICK line
scanners are a
popular sensor among
teams.
10
LiDAR RANGING METHODS
There are three LiDAR ranging methods: pulsed time of flight, phase shift, and frequency modulation.
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Pulsed Time of Flight
Pulsed Time of Flight (ToF) is a direct
measurement of the time of flight of light
from the emitter to the scene and then to
the photodetector.
This technique allows measurement of
several reflections.
It relies heavily on Time to Digital
converters (TDC) which transform the
pulse arrival timing into digital signals.
Phase Shift
In phase shift time of flight, continuous
waves are used and the time of flight is
measured as a phase difference.
The use of continuous waves allows for
heterodyne detection which is much
more sensitive than direct detection.
However, the maximum range is limited
by phase wrapping.
Frequency Modulation
In frequency modulation, a continuous
wave is modulated in frequency and the
time of flight is measured as a frequency
difference.
As with phase shift, continuous waves
allow for heterodyne detection. Moreover,
radial velocity can be easily measured.
However, a highly coherent source is
needed to use heterodyne detection.
11LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
LiDAR IMAGING METHODS
LiDAR
1D 2D/3D
Beam steering
Mechanical
Macro-mechanical
Turntable
Galvano scanner
Risley prisms
Voice-coil
MEMS
Micro-mirror
DMD
SLAM
Optical
Optical-phased array
Liquid crystal
Wavelength sweeping
Electro-optic
Fixed beams
Flash
Sequential flash
DMD: Digital Micromirror Device
MEMS: Micro-Electro Mechanical System
SLAM: Simultaneous Localization And Mapping
• 1D LiDAR include rangefinders and speedometers. They are used in construction and law enforcement, and out of the scope of this report.
• New technologies have been recently developed to achieve 3D LiDAR images.
• In sequential flash, an array of lasers in sequentially activated in order to partially illuminate the scene.
• DMD has been recently used to scan a laser beam in LiDAR.
• In wavelength sweeping, a laser beam passes through a prism. By changing the wavelength of the laser, the deflection of the beam is changed.
• Electro-optic method, such as the Kerr effect, have only been reported in academics.
12LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
EVOLUTION OF LiDAR USED BY ROBOTIC CARS
Reference
Number of channels
Range / m
Point per second
Power consumption / W
Weight / kg
Price / $
HDL-64E
64
120
1,300,000
60
12.7
70,000 est.
OS2-64
64
240
1,310,720
14- 20
0.93
20,000 est.
64 lasers and 64
photodetectors assembled
on several boards.
Up to 128 lasers and 128
photodetectors on two chips.
From 2017 to 2020, the LiDAR technology used by robotic cars have
evolved drastically. The Velodyne HDL-64E integrated 64 lasers and 64
photodetectors assembled on several boards. On the other hand,
Ouster uses up to 128 lasers (VCSEL) and up to 128 photodetectors
(SPAD) on two single chips assembled on a single board. The weight is
decreased from 12.7 kg to 930 g.
Courtesy of Velodyne Courtesy of Ouster
13
SILICON PHOTONICS FOR LiDAR
Performances
Recently, silicon photonics LiDAR has performed impressively in small packages.
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Courtesy of Baba Lab, Yokohama University
In March 2020, the new iPad
included a LiDAR scanner.
This could be a great opportunity
for silicon photonics LiDAR.
The silicon photonics LiDAR from Baba Lab/Yokohama University integrates OPA scanning,
lasers, a modulator, and photodetectors on a single chip.
Courtesy of SiLC
At CES 2020, SiLC partnered with
Varroc Lighting Systems to integrate its
FMCW LiDAR into a headlamp.
Courtesy of SiLC
Also at CES 2020, SiLC demonstrated
the operation of its FMCW above
200m, capable of measuring crosswalks
at 220m and 2-inch objects at 190m.
Courtesy of Apple
14LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
LiDAR TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP FOR ADAS VEHICLES
2000 2012 2017 2020+ 2030+
No LiDAR No LiDAR + Short range LiDAR
Audi integrates the Valeo Scala with mechanical scanning
and long-range performances (80 m).
Long range LiDAR
Some cars integrate non
scanning laser ranger for AEB
with short range (15 m)
Flash LiDAR using VCSEL arrives for Short/Mid range (below 80 m).
• MEMS technology is integrated in long-range LiDAR (> 80 m).
• Fiber laser is introduced in long-range LiDAR.
• SPAD array are used for flash LiDAR.
• SiPM is integrated in long range LiDAR.
• FMCW is mature for long range LiDAR.
+ Short-/mid range LiDAR
15
LiDAR MARKET FORECAST BY APPLICATION
2019-2025 Forecast
A 18% CAGR is expected in the next 5 years with automotive as the main driver.
2025
$3.8B
Note: ADAS vehicles do not include non scanning LiDAR used in ADAS levels 1 and 2.
ADAS: Advanced Driver Assistance System
CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate
$180M
CAGR 12%$87M
$19M
$1.7B
CAGR 114%
$1.0B
$40M
$390M
$1.3B
CAGR 6%
$44M
CAGR 2%
$567M
CAGR 5%
2019
$1.6B
Robotic vehicles
ADAS vehicles
Topography
Wind
Industry
Total market
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16LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
LiDAR MARKET SHARE
2019 Market share by revenue
Total market: $1,598M
Trimble21%
Hexagon AB19%
Sick AG13%
Topcon9%
Velodyne LiDAR6%
Riegl5%
Faro5%
BEA Sensors3%
Teledyne Optech3%
Valeo2%
Ouster 2%
Leosphere2%
Waymo1%
Hokuyo1%
LeddarTech1%
RoboSense 1%
Hesai1%
Advanced Scientific Concepts
1%Others
5%
2019 LiDAR market share
Company name LiDAR revenue/MUSD
Trimble 333
Hexagon AB 304
Sick AG 202
Topcon 150
Velodyne LiDAR 100
Riegl 85
Faro 72
BEA Sensors 45
Teledyne Optech 42
Valeo 32
Ouster 29
Leosphere 28
Waymo 18
Hokuyo 18
LeddarTech 15
RoboSense 14
Hesai 13
Advanced Scientific Concepts 12
Others 81
• The LiDAR market is dominated by traditional companies in topography (Trimble, Hexagon, Topcon) and factory automation (Sick AG, BEA Sensors).
• Velodyne has seen its revenue decline in 2019 due to unit price reducing. It is a strategy of the company.
• New comers like Valeo and Ouster are starting to have LiDAR revenues.
• We estimate that Waymo produces LiDAR for its own robotaxis. The “market” for Waymo corresponds to the market price of the LiDAR.
• Chinese LiDAR companies like Hesai, RoboSense and Surestar, have an established business. Because a smaller unit price, their market share in dollars is modest.
*Revenue are for hardware only.
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AUTOMOTIVE LiDAR PLAYERS
Israel
Japan
China
Canada
Australia
USA
Europe
Guangshao
Technology
South Korea
18LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
AUTOMOTIVE LiDAR ECOSYSTEM
Laser Sources
Optical Elements
Photodetectors
IC
VCSELEEL
MEMS
PD/APD
ADC: Analog Digital Converter
APD: Avalanche Photodiode
EEL: Edge-Emitting Laser
FPGA: Field-Programmable Gate Array
IC: Integrated Circuit
MEMS: Micro-Electro-Mechanical System
PD: Photodiode
SiPM: Silicon Photomultiplier
SoC: System on a Chip
SPAD: Single-Photon Avalanche Diode
VCSEL: Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser
SPAD/SiPM
FPGA
Optical filters
Optical systems
ADC
Amplifier
LiDAR Systems
Guangshao
Technology
SoC
Fiber laser
19
Contact our
Sales Team
for more
information
Sensors for Robotic Mobility 2020
Status of the MEMS Industry 2020
Sensing and Computing for ADAS vehicles
Artificial Intelligence Computing for Automotive
3D Imaging & Sensing 2020
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YOLE GROUP OF COMPANIES RELATED REPORTS
Yole Développement
20
Contact our
Sales Team
for more
information
LeddarVu8: The first off-the-shelf solid state high-
definition LiDAR module from LeddarTech
Valeo SCALA Laser ScannerLivox Horizon LIDAR
Teardown
Hamamatsu Photodiode and
Laser in Livox’s Horizon LiDAR
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YOLE GROUP OF COMPANIES RELATED REPORTS
System Plus Consulting
21
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