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Bi 20

CUC KHNG CHIN TON QUCCHNG THC DN PHP KT THC (1953 1954)

I.M MU MI CA PHP M NG DNG. K HOCH NA-VA1. m mu mi ca Php M ng Dng. K hoch Na va .- Sau 8 nm xm lc VN, Php thit hi ngy cng ln, b loi khi vng

chin u hn 39 vn qun, tn hn 2.000 t phrng, vng chim ng bthu hp, ngy cng lm vo th phng ng, b ng.- Trc s sa ly ca Php ,M can thip su vo chin tranh ng Dng,

p Php phi ko di, m rng chin tranh, tch cc chun b thay th Php.

- Ngy 07/05/1953,vi s tha thun ca M, Php c Na-va lm Tngch huy qun Php ng Dng, ra k hoch trong 18 thng s ginhthng li quyt nh kt thc chin tranh trong danh d.

2. K hoch Na-va:chia thnh hai bc :+ Bc mt: thu ng 1953 v xun 1954 gi th phng ng

chin lc min Bc,tin cng chin lc bnh nh min Trung vNam, ginh nhn lc, vt lc, thanh ton Lin khu V, ng thi m rng ngyqun, xy dng i qun c ng mnh.

+ Bc hai: t thu ng 1954, chuyn lc lng ra chintrng min Bc, thc hin tin cng chin lc, c ginh thng liquyt nh, buc ta m phn theo iu kin c li cho Php v kt thcchin tranh trong danh d .Thc hin:Nava tp trung ng bng Bc b 44 tiu on c ng(trong tng s 84 tiu on ng Dng), tin hnh cn qut, m cuc tin

cng ln vo Ninh Bnh, Thanh Ha., ph k hoch tin cng ca ta.Cu hi;K hoch Na va ra i trong hon cnh lch s no ? Nidung ca k hoch Na va

II. CUC TIN CNG CHIN LC NG XUN 1953 1954 VCHIN DCH IN BIN PH NM 19541. Cuc tin cng chin lc ng - Xun 1953 1954a. Ch trng, k hoch qun s ng - Xun 1953 1954 ca ta :Cui thng 9-1953, B Chnh tr hp bn k hoch qun s trong ng-Xun1953 1954.Thc hin quyt nh ca B Chnh Tr qun ta m mt lot

chin dch tin cng ch hu khp chin trng ng Dng .+ Nhim v:tiu dit ch l chnh .+ Phng hng chin lc: Tp trung lc lng m nhng cuc

tin cng vo nhng hng quan trngv chin lc m ch tng iyu, nhm tiu dit sinh lc ch, gii phng t ai, buc chng phi phntn lc lng, to iu kin thun li ta tiu dit ch.b. Din bin : Cuc tin cng chin lc ng Xun 1953 1954 cata bc u lm ph sn k hoch Nava

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- Nava tp trung ng bng Bc b 44 tiu on c ng- tptrung qun th nht .

- Ngy 10/12/1953, ch lc ta tin cng Lai Chu, gii phng ton b thx (tr in Bin) Na-va buc phi a 6 tiu on c ng tng cngin Bin Ph.in Bin Ph thnh ni tp trung qun th haica Php.

- Thng 12/1953, lin qun Lo Vit tin cng Trung Lo, gii phngTh Kht, uy hip Xa-van-na-khet v X-n. Na-va buc phi tng vincho X-n. X-n tr thnh ni tp trung qun th ba ca Php.

- Thng 01/1954, lin qun Lo Vit tin cng Thng Lo, gii phnglu vc sng Nm Hu v ton tnh Phong Xa-l. Na-va a qun t ngbng Bc B tng cng cho Lung Pha-bang v Mng Si. LungPha-bang v Mng Si thnh ni tp trung qun th t caPhp.

- Thng 02/1954, ta tin cng Bc Ty Nguyn, gii phng Kon Tum, uyhip Ply-cu. Php buc phi tng cng lc lng cho Ply Cu v Plycu tr thnh ni tp trung qun th nm.

- Phi hp vi mt trn chnh, vng sau lng ch, phong tro du kchpht trin mnh Nam B, Nam Trung B, Bnh Tr Thin , ngbng Bc B

c. ngha:- K hoch Na-va bc u ph sn,Php b phn tn lm 5 ni.- Chun b v vt cht v tinh thn cho ta m cuc tin cng quyt nh

vo in Bin Ph.Trnh by din bin cuc Tin cng chin lc ng - Xun 1953 -1954 ca qun dn ta2. Chin dch lch s in Bin Ph nm 1954a. Am mu ca Php, M :

in Bin Ph l thung lng rng ln pha ty rng ni Ty Bc , gn bingii Lo- in Bin Ph c v tr chin lc then cht ng Dng v ng Nam

nn Php c nm gi.- Na-va xy dng in Bin Ph thnh mt tp on c im mnh nht

ng Dng., gm 16.200 qun, loi binh chng, c b tr thnh baphn khu vi 49 c im.

+ Phn khu Bcgm cc c im c Lp, Bn Ko+ Phn khu Trung tmMng Thanh, ni t c quan ch huy,

tp trung 2/3 lc lng, c sn bay v h thng pho binh.

+ Phn khu Nam Hng Cm, c trn a pho, sn bay.- Php v M coi in Bin Ph l mt pho i bt kh xm phm, trung

tm ca k hoch Na -va.b. Ch trng ca ta :- Thng 12/1953, ng quyt nh m Chin dch in Bin Ph nhm tiu

dit lc lng ch, gii phng Ty Bc, to iu kin cho Lo gii phngBc Lo.

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- a huy ng mt lc lng ln chun b cho chin dch, khong 55.000qun, hng chc ngn tn v kh, n dc; lng thc, cng nhiu tvn ti, thuyn b chuyn ra mt trn.

- u thng 3-1954 cng tc chun b hon tt , ngy 13-3-1954 ta n sngtn cng .

c. Din bin :Chin dch in Bin Ph din ra qua 3 t- t 1,t ngy 13/03 n 17/03/1954:Ta tin cng tiu dit cc cn

c Him Lam v ton b phn khu Bc, loi khi vng chin 2.000 ch.

- t 2,t ngy 30/03 n 26/04/1954:+ Ta ng lot tin cng pha ng khu Trung tm Mng Thanh nhE1, D1, C1, C2 ,A1 ,chim phn ln cc cn c ca ch, to iu kinbao vy, chia ct, khng ch ch.+ M khn cp vin tr cho Php v e da nm bom nguyn t inBin Ph.+ Ta khc phc kh khn v tip t, quyt tm ginh thng li.

- t 3, t ngy 01/05 n 07/05/1954:+Ta tin cng khu Trung tm Mng Thanh v phn khu Nam, tiu

dit cc cn c cn li ca ch.+ Chiu 7/5,ta nh vo s ch huy ch.+ 17 gi 30 ngy 07/05/1954, Tng Ca-xt-ri cng ton b Ban

tham mu ch u hng v b bt sng.- Cc chin trng ton quc phi hp cht ch nhm phn tn, tiu hao,

km chn ch, to iu kin cho in Bin Ph ginh thng li .d. Kt qu:Trong cuc Tin cng chin lc ng Xun 1953- 1954 v Chin dch lchs in Bin Ph:

+ Ta loi khi vng chin u 128.000 ch, 162 my bay, thu nhiu

v kh,+ Gii phng nhiu vng rng ln. Ring ti in Bin Ph, ta loi khivng chin 16 200 ch, bn ri 62 my bay, thu ton b v kh, phngtin chin tranh.+p tan k hoch Na va .

e. ngha:+Thng li ca cuc Tin cng chin lc ng Xun 1953 1954 vChin dch lch s in Bin Ph p tan hon ton k hoch Na-va.+ Ging n quyt nh vo ch xm lc ca Php, lm xoay chuyncc din chin tranh ng Dng.

+ To iu kin thun li cho cuc u tranh ngoi giao ca ta ginhthng li.

Chin dch lch s in Bin Ph nm 1954 ?

III. HIP NH GI-NE-V 1954 V NG DNG1. Hi ngh Gi-ne-v- ng-xun 1953 -1954, cng vi cuc tin cng qun s, ta y mnh u

tranh ngoi giao.

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- hng 1/1954, Hi ngh Ngoi trng Lin X, M, Anh, Php Bc-lintha thun triu tp hi ngh Gi-ne-v gii quyt vn Triu Tin v lpli ha bnh ng Dng.

- Ngy 26/4/1954, , hi ngh Gi-ne-v v ng Dng khai mc.- 08/05/1954, Hi ngh Gi-ne-v bt u bn v vn lp li ha bnh

ng Dng. Phi on Vit Nam do Phm Vn ng lm Trng onc chnh thc mi hp.

- Cuc u tranh trn bn hi ngh din ra gay gt do lp trng thiu thinch v ngoan c ca Php M. Lp trng ta l gii quyt vn qun s

v chnh tr cho ba nc ng Dng trn c s c lp, ch quyn, thngnht v ton vn lnh th.- Cn c vo iu kin c th ca cuc khng chin cng nh so snh lc

lng gia ta v Php v xu th gii quyt tranh chp bng thng lng,Vit Nam k Hip nh Gi-ne-v ngy 21/07/1954.

2. Hip nh Gi-ne-v :- Gm cc vn bn :Hip nh nh ch chin s Vit Nam , Lo, Cam pu

chia ;Bn Tuyn b cui cng ca Hi Ngh v cc ph bn khc .- Ni dung :

+ Cc nc tham d Hi ngh cam kt tn trng c lp, ch quyn, thngnht v ton vn lnh th ca Vit Nam, Lo, Cam-pu-chia; khng can thipvo cng vic ni b ca ba nc.+ Cc bn tham chin ngng bn , lp li ha bnh trn ton ng Dng+ Thc hin di chuyn, tp kt qun i hai vng:

* Vit Nam, ly v tuyn 17 ( dc theo sng Bn Hi Qung Tr )lm gii tuyn qun s tm thi cng vi mt khu phi qun s hai bn giituyn.

* Lo, tp kt Sm Na v Phong Xa- l .* Cam-pu-chia, lc lng khng chin phc vin ti ch, khng c

vng tp kt .+ Cm a qun i, nhn vin qun s, v kh nc ngoi vo ngDng, khng c t cn c qun s ng Dng. Cc nc ngDng khng c tham gia lin minh qun s v khng cho nc khcdng lnh th vo vic gy chin tranh hoc xm lc.+Vit Nam s tng tuyn c t do thng nht t nc vo thng 07/1956

di s kim sot ca mt y ban quc t do n lm Ch tch.+ Trch nhim thi hnh Hip nh thuc v nhng ngi k Hip nh v

nhng ngi k tc h.

ngha :- Hip nh Gi-ne-v 1954 v ng Dng l vn bn php l quc t

ghi nhn cc quyn dn tc c bn ca nhn dn ng Dng v c cccng quc, cc nc tham d Hi ngh tn trng .

- nh du thng li ca cuc khng chin chng Php, song cha trnvn v mi gii phng c min Bc. Cuc u tranh cch mng vn phitip tc gii phng min Nam, thng nht t nc.

- Php buc phi chm dt chin tranh, rt qun i v nc.

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- M tht bi trong m mu ko di, m rng, quc t ha chin tranhxm lc ng Dng.Ni dung c bn v ngha lch s ca Hip nh Ginev 1954 vng Dng.

IV. NGHA LCH S, NGUYN NHN THNG LI CA CUC KHNGCHIN CHNG PHP ( 1945 - 1954 )1. Nguyn nhn thng li

- Do s lnh o sng sut ca ng, ng u l Ch tch H Ch Minh, ving li chnh tr, qun s v ng li khng chin ng n, sng to.- Ton dn, ton qun ta on kt dng cm trong chin u, lao ng, sn

xut .- C h thng chnh quyn dn ch nhn dn trong c nc, c mt trn dn

tc thng nht, c lc lng v trang sm xy dng v khng ngng lnmnh.

- C hu phng rng ln, vng chc v mi mt.- Vit Nam, Lo v Cam-pu-chia lin minh chin u chng k th chung.- S ng tnh, ng h, gip ca Trung Quc, Lin X v cc nc dn

ch nhn dn khc, ca nhn dn Php v loi ngi tin b .* Nguyn nhn quan trng hn c :- Do s lnh o sng sut ca ng, ng u l Ch tch H Ch Minh, vi

ng li chnh tr, qun s v ng li khng chin ng n, sng to.- ng lnh o l nguyn nhn chi phi cc nguyn nhn khc - Nu khng c ng lnh o to nn sc mnh tng hp ca dn tc v

ca thi i. S lnh o ca ng l nhn t quyt nh mi thng lica cch mng Vit Nam .

2. ngha lch s

- Chm dt cuc chin tranh xm lc v ch thng tr thc dn ca Phptrong gn mt th k trn t nc ta.- Min Bc c gii phng, chuyn sang cch mng x hi ch ngha, to

c s nhn dn ta gii phng min Nam, thng nht T quc.- Min Nam tip tc u trang chng M,hon thnh cch mng dn tc dn

ch nhn dn , thng nht t nc .- Ging n nng n vo tham vng xm lc, n dch ca ch ngha

quc sau Chin tranh th gii th hai.- Gp phn lm tan r h thng thuc a, c v mnh m phong tro gii

phng dn tc trn th gii , Phi, M La- tinh.

Nguyn nhn thng li v ngha lch s ca cuc khng chinchng Php (1946 1954).