Libre de gramatica
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Transcript of Libre de gramatica
![Page 1: Libre de gramatica](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081422/55848180d8b42aa9028b496c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Libre de Gramatica
Monica McNeal7th period
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Table of Contents:
1) Presente : -ar/ -er/ -ir2) Stem Changers
3) Irregulars: -go/ -zco/ -yo4) Saber vs. Conocer
5) Reflexives6) “Se” Impersonal
7) Dipthongs8) Verbs like : Uir/Guir9) Verbs like: Cer/ Cir
10) Verbs like :Ger / Gir11) Hace + ___+ que+ present/ presentente
12) Imperfecto13) Preterite
14) Car, Gar, Zar15) Spock
16) Cucaracha17) Snake/ Snakeys
18) Comparatives/ Superlatives19) Futuro
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Ar: Er: Ir:Yo: -o -o -oTu: -as -es -esEl/ Ella: -a -e -eEllos/Ellas: -an -en -enNosotros/as -amos -emos -imos
Caminar: Comer: Vivir:
Yo- Camino Como Vivio
Tu- Caminas Comes Vives
El/Ella- Camina Come Vive
Nosotros/as- Caminamos Comemos Vivimos
Ellos/Ellas- Caminan Comen Viven
AR: ER: IR:
Los verbos regulares en el presente
Present
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Stem ChangersVerbs Change in the Root
They do not change in the nosotros form or the vosotros
E = ie…. “perder”
O= ue….. “dormir”
U= ue…. “jugar”
E= I… “pedir”
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Irregulars: -go -zco -yoThe “go” “zco” verbs are only irregular in the “yo” form
“go” verbs.. –caer/decir/oir/puner/hacer/tener/traer/venir
“zco” verbs (cer/cir) : conocer/ producir/ conducir
Y los dema’s : ser/ ir/ estar/ ver/ saber/ dar
Ser: Ir: Tener: Conocer:
Yo- Soy Voy Tengo Conozco
Tu- Eres Vas Tienes Cononces
Ello/ella- Es Va Tiene Cononce
Ellos/Ellas Son Van Tienen Conocen
Nosotros/as- Somos Vamos Tenemos Conocemos
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Saber Vs. ConocerSaber: Conocer:
To know a fact or how to do a task
- Ashyln sabe la clase de sociales estudios muy bien.
To know a person or familiar with an object
-Yo conozco a mi amiga Hannah.
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ReflexivePerson Discussed Reflexive pronoun
Yo Me
Tu Te
El/ Ella/ Usted Se
Nosotros/as Nos
Ellos/ Ellas/ Ustedes Se
1. Me Lavo mi ropa de invierno
2.
3.
4.
5.
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“Se” Impersonal
The impersonal “Se” is used with a third person singular verb. (one, you, people, or they)Used to indicate people in a general, not one person
For example:
?como se dico blanco en espanol?
How does one say white in spanish?
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Dipthongs with accentsEnviar: to send Continuar: to continue
envio enviamos continuo continuamos
envias enviais continuas continuais
envia envian continua continuan
Esquiar: to ski Graduarse: to graduate
esquio esquiamos Me graduo Nos graduamos
esquias esquiais Te graduas Os graduais
esquia esquian Se gradua Se graduan
Estudiar and Limpiar- no accents
E-studio limp-pia-mos
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Verbs like… Uir/ Guir
Uir/ Guir:
•Distinguir ( to Distinguish)
Distingo Distinguimos
Distingues Distinguis
Distingue Distinguen
•Extinguir ( to extinguish)
•Seguir (E -> i) (to follow/continue)
•Conseguir (e -> i) (to get, obtain, succeed in)
•Perseguir (e -> i) (to pursue, persecute)
•Proseguir (e ->i) (to continue)
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Verbs like…Cer/ CirCer/ Cir
1. Cocer (to cook) : cuezo
2. Torcer (to twist): tuerzo
3. Mecer (to rock) : mezo
4. Ejercer (to practice a profession): ejerzo
5. Ofrecer ( to offer): ofrezo
6. Obedecer (to obey): obedezco
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Verbs like…Ger/GirGer/Gir:
Coger (to catch, grab)
Cojo Cogemos
Coges Cogeis
Coge Cogen
Exiger ( to demand)
Exijo Exigimos
Exiges Exigis
Exige Exgen
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Verbs…Ger/GirGer/Gir:
Proteger (to protect): protejo
Escoger (to choose): escojo
Recoger ( to pick up): recojo
Encoger (to shrink): encojo
Dirigir ( to direct) : dirijo
Fingir (to pretend): finjo
Elegir ( e-> i) ( to elect): elijo
Corregir (e -> i) (to correct): corrijo
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Hace + ____+ que+ present pretense
• This equation tells how long it has been since the subject has done something
1. Hace un dia que ducho.•Add “no” in front of the verb to make the action negative1. Hace tres dias que no camino mis perros
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Imperfect (irregulars)Ser
Era Eramos
Eras Erias
Era Eran
Ir
Iba Ibamos
Ibas Ibais
Iba Iban
Ver
Veia Veiamos
Veias Veiais
Veia veian
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Imperfect (trigger words)
A menudo A veces Cada dia Con frecuencia generalmente
Mucho Nunca Siempre Todas las semanas
Todos los dias
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Preterite TenseAr Er/Ir
Yo E I
Tu Aste Iste
El/Ella/ Usted O’ Io’
Nosotros Amos Imos
Ellos/Ellas/Uds. Aron Ieron
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Preterite Tense (-car, -gar, -zar)-car -gar -zar
Yo Form*only
quE’ guE’ cE’
Stem -Changers
Dormir:
Dormi
Dormiste
Durmio
Dormimos
Durmieron
• Verbs like as leer, creer, and oir change “I” to “y” in 3rd person
Snakey
Lei LeimosLeiste Leisteis
Leyo Leyeron
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Preterite Tense (Spock)
Ir/ Ser
Fui
Fuiste
Fue
Fuimos
Fueron
Dar Ver
Di Vi
Diste Viste
Dio Vio
Dimos Vimos
Dieron Vieron
Hacer
Hice
Hiciste
Hizo
Hicimos
hicieron
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Preterite Tense (La cucaracha)Andar Anduv-
Estar Estuv-
Poder Pud-
Poner Pus-
Querer Quis-
Saber Sup-
Tener Tuv-
Venir Vin-
Conducir Conduj-
Producir Produj-
Traducir Traduj-
Decir Dij-
Traer Traj-
E
Iste
O
Imos
Isteis
Ieron
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Preterite Tense (Trigger Words)
Anteayer, el dia anterior, ayer, la semana pasada, el fin de semana pasado, el mes pasado, ayer por la manana, ayer por la tarde, el otro dia, una vez, esta tarde, esta manana, anoche, esta noche
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Comparatives / SuperlativesLess than, greater than, equal to
Mas/ menos + adjective/adverb/noun + que *”de” is used when you have a number instead of “que”Verb + mas/menos que
Tan + adjective/ adver + como
Tantos + single/ plural (noun) + como
Verb + tanto como
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FutureInfinitive: “will” factor
E’
A’s
A’
Emos
A’n
•Vivir, comer, hablar (all ar, er, ir verbs)
te amare
Ir +A+infinitive
(immediate future)
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FutureDecir: dir – to say
Haber: habr- there to be; to have
Hacer : har- to make, do
Poder: podr- to be able
Poner: pondr- to put; place, set
Querer: querr- to want; love
Saber: sabr- to know(fact), know how
Salir: saldr- to leave, go out
Tener: tendr- to have
Valer: valdr- to be worth
Venir: vendr- to come