LIBRARY TABLE
1
164 the condition and cleanliness of cows, barns, milking houses, milkers, milking, and the handling of the milk, and allots a certain number of marks for each essential point. Thus, in the case of perfectly clean cows five marks would be awarded by the inspector, a perfectly clean and well-ventilated barn would receive 12 marks, and so on ; the total possible marks amounting to 100. The actual marks awarded are written in a column provided for the purpose, and a column is reserved for remarks. In about 30 of the larger American cities and ’many smaller ones this system has been adopted, with the result that the dairy conditions are constantly improving. Milk dealers prefer, and pay more for, the product of high- scoring dairies, and the dairymen, responding to this stimulus, are able, by studying the score cards, to improve their conditions. Some cities publish the results and so rouse ’!&& dairymen to greater activity. Mr. Webster makes a series of 21 very useful suggestions for the production of whole- some milk. Dr. Bolton writes of the dangers of contaminated water- supplies on dairy farms, and Dr. Melvin offers a practical method of classifying market milk into three grades--viz., certified, inspected, and pasteurised milk. Dr. Kerr out- lines the organisation and conduct of medical milk com- missions in the United States that were established to foster the production of " certified milk." The plan was formu- lated by a physician, Dr. Coit of Newark, New Jersey, and contemplated the sanitary supervision of dairies by a com- ’mission appointed by local medical societies for the purpose of producing pure milk, particularly for infants and invalids. He giv es as a model the requirements of the Medical Com- mission of the Medical Society of the County of New York. The movement has been a potent factor in im- proving the character of the milk-supply in various parts of the United States, as it has required that only non- tuberculous cows should be used for the production of milk and that the milk should be cooled to 450 F. and transported to the consumer before noticeable changes have occurred therein. He also refers to the founding of infants’ ’, milk depôts. The important question of pasteurisation is Ae&H with fully by Dr. Rosenau who points out its advantages and inconveniences. The trend of present knowledge upon the important subject of infant feeding is stated in an article by Dr. Schereschewsky, wherein the importance of breast feeding is emphasised. It is shown ’&a,t the caloric needs of an infant must be considered in ,order to insure success in artificial feeding. Some of the errors of formula feeding are pointed out, with special refer- ence to the disastrous results which frequently ensue from over-feeding, especially with excessive amounts of butter fat. A study of the report can be confidently recommended to medical officers of health and others who are concerned with - ,1Jre provision of fresh, clean, and pure milk. LIBRARY TABLE. Les Eunuques à travers les Ages. Par le Dr. RICHARD MILLANT. Paris : Vigot Frères. 1908. Pp. 295. Price Fr. 3.50.-This is the thirteenth volume of a series dealing - with various sexual perversions and forms an amplified edition of an earlier work of the same author entitled *" Castration Criminelle et Maniaque." It certainly lacks nothing in thoroughness. The motives for sexual mutilation, whether self-inflicted or otherwise, whether practised as a despairing prophylactic of lust or in gratification of a strange perversion of the same passion, whether inflicted as a vengeance for marital wrongs or in degradation of a canquished enemy, are discussed in equally elaborate detail. AH a,ges and nations are touched upon, instances being culled from such varied sources as the classics, the records of Oriental eunuchs, and of the emasculated soprani of the ancient papal choir. The author devotes a chapter to the considera- tion of the eunuch’s psychology and comes to the conclusion that he is a much more capable person than he generally receives the credit of being. The book contains a number of extraordinary stories and describes such curious customs as that which once forced a Pope-elect to have his virility tested de visu et tacto, by the College of Cardinals, who in turn endorsed it with the formula I " Testiculos hccbet et bene pendentes and then united in a joyous canticle beginning, " Habet ova noster papa" ! The best and most interesting study in the book is that of the Russian secret sect, the Skoptzy, who number adherents in all classes of society and have for their chief object the obtaining of male I proselytes," often by force or fraud, whose organs of generation are completely shorn off in the course of an elaborate ritual of initiation. These fanatics are said to believe that when 144,000 victims have been thus mutilated the "number of the Lord’s elect " will have been made up and that the millennium will be instituted forthwith. It seems certain that the terrible, and of course criminal, practice is the out- come of a real religious fanaticism rather than a sexual mutilation resulting from perverted mentality. Dr. Millant has studied his subject carefully and produced an interesting contribution to morbid psychology. The Bride of the Bosphorus. A Turkish lccle in One Canto. By DAVID SANDLER, M.B., Ch.B. Edin. London: Elliot Stock. 1908. Pp. 47.-The term "bride of a river (the Bosphorus is for all practical purposes a river) is one which takes the reader back to some of the most primitive beliefs of man- kind-namely, the sacrifice of a human being to the god of or in the river. In various forms the belief persisted through the ages, becoming more and more delicate, as in the myth of Alpheus and Arethusa, until it reached its final refinement in the ceremony of the marriage of Venice to the Adriatic. Djenan, the heroine of Dr. Sandler’s verses, is called the Bride of the Bosphorus because, as she explains to her confidant, she loves it. Eventually, however, she meets with a mortal lover, a Christian, who comes to an untimely end owing to the machinations of Djenan’s hard- hearted father. The heroine then jumps into the Bosphorus and ’with eager arm the stream received his bride." Dr. Sandler, who is a member of the Church of Scotland Medical Mission in Constantinople, evidently knows and loves that wonderful city well and can sympathise with its tragic history as exemplified in its fall. This sympathy leads him to preface the story portions of his poem with a survey of the past glories of Constantinople. In doing this he mentions various classical names and we must point out that he should make a revision of his quantities. For example, he makes the second syllable of Chalcedon short, using the word to end a line, and he uses the name Andronicus to commence a line, scanning the third syllable as short. These small things ought to be set right. To come to the narrative portion of the poem, Abdullah, the father, is well drawn by Dr. Sandler who depicts him as an unbending and strict Moslem of the Puritan type. For the benefit of readers less learned than himself Dr. Sandler should explain in a footnote to line 18, p. 15, why Abdullah hated a Persian (also a Moslem) just as an Orangeman hates a Roman Catholic, both being Christians. A word as to Sunni and Shiah would be helpful. The tragedy of Djenan, the Bride of the Bosphorus, is simply told and her epitaph, with which Dr. Sandler concludes, has the grace of the epitaphs in the Greek Anthology. Dr. Sandler evidently possesses a knowledge of Turkish life which warrants him writing on the subject, but he needs more practice in the art of blank verse writing before appearing in print. Blank verse is something more than a line of ten syllables, and classical quantities are fixed quantities.
Transcript of LIBRARY TABLE
164
the condition and cleanliness of cows, barns, milking houses,milkers, milking, and the handling of the milk, and allots acertain number of marks for each essential point. Thus, inthe case of perfectly clean cows five marks would be awardedby the inspector, a perfectly clean and well-ventilated barnwould receive 12 marks, and so on ; the total possible marksamounting to 100. The actual marks awarded are written in
a column provided for the purpose, and a column is reservedfor remarks. In about 30 of the larger American cities and’many smaller ones this system has been adopted, with theresult that the dairy conditions are constantly improving.Milk dealers prefer, and pay more for, the product of high-scoring dairies, and the dairymen, responding to this
stimulus, are able, by studying the score cards, to improvetheir conditions. Some cities publish the results and so rouse
’!&& dairymen to greater activity. Mr. Webster makes a seriesof 21 very useful suggestions for the production of whole-some milk.
Dr. Bolton writes of the dangers of contaminated water-supplies on dairy farms, and Dr. Melvin offers a practicalmethod of classifying market milk into three grades--viz.,certified, inspected, and pasteurised milk. Dr. Kerr out-
lines the organisation and conduct of medical milk com-missions in the United States that were established to foster
the production of " certified milk." The plan was formu-lated by a physician, Dr. Coit of Newark, New Jersey, andcontemplated the sanitary supervision of dairies by a com-’mission appointed by local medical societies for the purposeof producing pure milk, particularly for infants and invalids.He giv es as a model the requirements of the Medical Com-mission of the Medical Society of the County of NewYork. The movement has been a potent factor in im-
proving the character of the milk-supply in various partsof the United States, as it has required that only non-tuberculous cows should be used for the production ofmilk and that the milk should be cooled to 450 F. and
transported to the consumer before noticeable changes haveoccurred therein. He also refers to the founding of infants’ ’,milk depôts. The important question of pasteurisation isAe&H with fully by Dr. Rosenau who points out its
advantages and inconveniences. The trend of presentknowledge upon the important subject of infant feeding isstated in an article by Dr. Schereschewsky, wherein the
importance of breast feeding is emphasised. It is shown
’&a,t the caloric needs of an infant must be considered in
,order to insure success in artificial feeding. Some of the
errors of formula feeding are pointed out, with special refer-ence to the disastrous results which frequently ensue fromover-feeding, especially with excessive amounts of butter fat.A study of the report can be confidently recommended tomedical officers of health and others who are concerned with- ,1Jre provision of fresh, clean, and pure milk.
LIBRARY TABLE.Les Eunuques à travers les Ages. Par le Dr. RICHARD
MILLANT. Paris : Vigot Frères. 1908. Pp. 295. PriceFr. 3.50.-This is the thirteenth volume of a series dealing- with various sexual perversions and forms an amplifiededition of an earlier work of the same author entitled*" Castration Criminelle et Maniaque." It certainly lacksnothing in thoroughness. The motives for sexual mutilation,whether self-inflicted or otherwise, whether practised as adespairing prophylactic of lust or in gratification of a
strange perversion of the same passion, whether inflicted asa vengeance for marital wrongs or in degradation of a
canquished enemy, are discussed in equally elaborate detail.AH a,ges and nations are touched upon, instances being culledfrom such varied sources as the classics, the records ofOriental eunuchs, and of the emasculated soprani of the ancient
papal choir. The author devotes a chapter to the considera-tion of the eunuch’s psychology and comes to the conclusionthat he is a much more capable person than he generallyreceives the credit of being. The book contains a number
of extraordinary stories and describes such curious customsas that which once forced a Pope-elect to have his virilitytested de visu et tacto, by the College of Cardinals, who inturn endorsed it with the formula I " Testiculos hccbet et bene
pendentes and then united in a joyous canticle beginning," Habet ova noster papa" ! The best and most interestingstudy in the book is that of the Russian secret sect, the
Skoptzy, who number adherents in all classes of society andhave for their chief object the obtaining of male I proselytes," often by force or fraud, whose organs of generation are
completely shorn off in the course of an elaborate ritualof initiation. These fanatics are said to believe that when
144,000 victims have been thus mutilated the "number ofthe Lord’s elect " will have been made up and that themillennium will be instituted forthwith. It seems certainthat the terrible, and of course criminal, practice is the out-
come of a real religious fanaticism rather than a sexualmutilation resulting from perverted mentality. Dr. Millanthas studied his subject carefully and produced an interestingcontribution to morbid psychology.
The Bride of the Bosphorus. A Turkish lccle in One Canto.
By DAVID SANDLER, M.B., Ch.B. Edin. London: Elliot Stock.1908. Pp. 47.-The term "bride of a river (the Bosphorusis for all practical purposes a river) is one which takes thereader back to some of the most primitive beliefs of man-
kind-namely, the sacrifice of a human being to the god ofor in the river. In various forms the belief persistedthrough the ages, becoming more and more delicate, as inthe myth of Alpheus and Arethusa, until it reached its
final refinement in the ceremony of the marriage of Veniceto the Adriatic. Djenan, the heroine of Dr. Sandler’s verses,is called the Bride of the Bosphorus because, as she explainsto her confidant, she loves it. Eventually, however, shemeets with a mortal lover, a Christian, who comes to an
untimely end owing to the machinations of Djenan’s hard-hearted father. The heroine then jumps into the Bosphorusand ’with eager arm the stream received his bride." Dr.
Sandler, who is a member of the Church of Scotland MedicalMission in Constantinople, evidently knows and loves thatwonderful city well and can sympathise with its tragichistory as exemplified in its fall. This sympathy leads himto preface the story portions of his poem with a survey of thepast glories of Constantinople. In doing this he mentionsvarious classical names and we must point out that he shouldmake a revision of his quantities. For example, he makesthe second syllable of Chalcedon short, using the word to enda line, and he uses the name Andronicus to commence a line,scanning the third syllable as short. These small thingsought to be set right. To come to the narrative portionof the poem, Abdullah, the father, is well drawn by Dr.Sandler who depicts him as an unbending and strict Moslemof the Puritan type. For the benefit of readers less learnedthan himself Dr. Sandler should explain in a footnote toline 18, p. 15, why Abdullah hated a Persian (also a
Moslem) just as an Orangeman hates a Roman Catholic,both being Christians. A word as to Sunni and Shiah wouldbe helpful. The tragedy of Djenan, the Bride of the
Bosphorus, is simply told and her epitaph, with which Dr.Sandler concludes, has the grace of the epitaphs in the GreekAnthology. Dr. Sandler evidently possesses a knowledge ofTurkish life which warrants him writing on the subject, buthe needs more practice in the art of blank verse writingbefore appearing in print. Blank verse is something morethan a line of ten syllables, and classical quantities are fixedquantities.
