LIBERALITY OF THE MEDICAL AUTHORITIES IN FRANCE.

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846 being a majority of fourteen hiindi-ed and thirty-three votes in favour of the Medical Candidate. After having taken the neces- sary oaths, Mr. WAKLEY addressed the assembled freeholders, but Mr. ADEY’S retreat was "mute and inglorious." The Attorney Candidate did not present himself on the hustings. A great victory, has thus been gained, almost, indeed, without a battle, but not without having entailed a heavy expense on the victor; for Mr. ADEY, faith- ful to his promise, has kept the poll open to the last day. LIBERALITY OF THE MEDICAL AUTHORITIES IN FRANCE. WE have frequently had occasion to praise the liberal manner in which the French hos- pitals, and all other medical institutions in France, are thrown open to foreigners, who are admitted to them as freely, and on the same footing as the natives of the country. An act of much higher liberality has been re- cently shown at Havre, in the appointment of an Englishman, Dr. Nicholas Tarral, as one of the physicians to the Havre General Hospital. We have every reason to believe that the addition which has been thus made to the medical staff of the hospital, will prove of great advantage to the sea-faring portion of the population of Havre. ANATOMY OF CLUB-FOOT. ALTHOUGH the malformations which are known under the popular denomination of club-foot are extremely frequent, and their treatment carried to a high degree of perfec- tion, we possess but few accurate records of dissections of the affected limb. Thefol- lowing account of a case of talus, lately pre- sented to the Royal Academy of Medicine by M. Bouvier, is therefore worthy of some attention :- It occurred in the person of a man, who died at the age of sixty-six years in the Hôtel Dieu. The malformation had been developed in this individual when at the age of twelve months, and consisted in a forcible extension of the foot, by which the weight of the body was made to fall entirely on the heel. The angle which is formed by the axis of the foot with the leg, is sixty de- grees, and the point of the foot is with great difficulty brought down so as to form aright angle. When this is done the tibialis anti- ens, extensor communis, and extensor pro- prius pollicis muscles, are thrown into a state of extreme tension. The integuments of the heel are thick and horny ; those of the rest of the foot are fine and thin, show- ing that the heel had to bear the entire weight of the body. The os calcis is di. rected somewhat outwards; the whole, foot also deviates outwards in a slight degree; the sole of the foot, instead of forming an arch, is nearly flat. The lateral peroneal muscles are shortened, but those which cover the back of the leg are elongated. The whole limb is remarkably wasted, the muscular fibres completely deprived of their colour, and presenting that peculiar fatty appearance which so often occurs in cases of club-foot. The operation of dividing the tendons, which has been practised with so much suc- cess in cases of children affected with club- foot, has never, we believe, been tried on a patient far advanced in life. It was, there- fore, a matter of some interest to determine how far the malformation, in the present in- stance, might have admitted of remedy by surgical means. The tendons of the ante- rior muscles were divided, and immediately the point of the foot was brought down to a right angle, the deformity almost completely disappearing.—Bul. of the Academy, Dec. 1838. MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE. THE determination of the period since which a fire-arm may have been discharged is a point of much importance in medical jurisprudence, and evidently applicable to various cases of homicide, wounds, &c. The question has recently been examined with much care, by M. Boutigny, who has ascer- tained, by numerous experiments, that we can indicate very closely the period at which a fire-arm has been discharged. It may, however, be objected that as the barrel of a gun may be easily washed, all traces by which the medical jurist is guided may thus be obliterated. M. Boutigny has provided against this objection, or rather determined the characters by which it may be known whether a gun-barrel has been recently washed or not. The author has discovered that the iron of a gun-barrel does not be- come oxidised for a considerable time, whenever the interior of the barrel has been lined, as it were, with the residue of the combustion of powder; and even when oxi- disation does take place the traces escape the naked eye, because the oxide is gradu.

Transcript of LIBERALITY OF THE MEDICAL AUTHORITIES IN FRANCE.

Page 1: LIBERALITY OF THE MEDICAL AUTHORITIES IN FRANCE.

846

being a majority of fourteen hiindi-ed and

thirty-three votes in favour of the MedicalCandidate. After having taken the neces-

sary oaths, Mr. WAKLEY addressed the

assembled freeholders, but Mr. ADEY’S

retreat was "mute and inglorious." The

Attorney Candidate did not present himselfon the hustings. A great victory, has thusbeen gained, almost, indeed, without a battle,but not without having entailed a heavyexpense on the victor; for Mr. ADEY, faith-ful to his promise, has kept the poll open tothe last day.

LIBERALITY OF THE MEDICALAUTHORITIES IN FRANCE.

WE have frequently had occasion to praisethe liberal manner in which the French hos-

pitals, and all other medical institutions inFrance, are thrown open to foreigners, whoare admitted to them as freely, and on thesame footing as the natives of the country. Anact of much higher liberality has been re-cently shown at Havre, in the appointmentof an Englishman, Dr. Nicholas Tarral, asone of the physicians to the Havre GeneralHospital. We have every reason to believethat the addition which has been thus madeto the medical staff of the hospital, will

prove of great advantage to the sea-faringportion of the population of Havre.

ANATOMY OF CLUB-FOOT.

ALTHOUGH the malformations which areknown under the popular denomination ofclub-foot are extremely frequent, and theirtreatment carried to a high degree of perfec-tion, we possess but few accurate recordsof dissections of the affected limb. Thefol-

lowing account of a case of talus, lately pre-sented to the Royal Academy of Medicineby M. Bouvier, is therefore worthy of someattention :-

It occurred in the person of a man, whodied at the age of sixty-six years in theHôtel Dieu. The malformation had beendeveloped in this individual when at the ageof twelve months, and consisted in a forcibleextension of the foot, by which the weightof the body was made to fall entirely on theheel. The angle which is formed by theaxis of the foot with the leg, is sixty de-

grees, and the point of the foot is with greatdifficulty brought down so as to form arightangle. When this is done the tibialis anti-ens, extensor communis, and extensor pro-prius pollicis muscles, are thrown into astate of extreme tension. The integumentsof the heel are thick and horny ; those ofthe rest of the foot are fine and thin, show-ing that the heel had to bear the entireweight of the body. The os calcis is di.rected somewhat outwards; the whole, footalso deviates outwards in a slight degree;the sole of the foot, instead of forming anarch, is nearly flat. The lateral peronealmuscles are shortened, but those whichcover the back of the leg are elongated.The whole limb is remarkably wasted, themuscular fibres completely deprived of theircolour, and presenting that peculiar fattyappearance which so often occurs in cases ofclub-foot.

The operation of dividing the tendons,which has been practised with so much suc-cess in cases of children affected with club-

foot, has never, we believe, been tried on apatient far advanced in life. It was, there-

fore, a matter of some interest to determinehow far the malformation, in the present in-stance, might have admitted of remedy bysurgical means. The tendons of the ante-rior muscles were divided, and immediatelythe point of the foot was brought down to aright angle, the deformity almost completelydisappearing.—Bul. of the Academy, Dec.1838.

MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE.

THE determination of the period sincewhich a fire-arm may have been dischargedis a point of much importance in medicaljurisprudence, and evidently applicable tovarious cases of homicide, wounds, &c. Thequestion has recently been examined withmuch care, by M. Boutigny, who has ascer-tained, by numerous experiments, that wecan indicate very closely the period at whicha fire-arm has been discharged. It may,however, be objected that as the barrel of agun may be easily washed, all traces bywhich the medical jurist is guided may thusbe obliterated. M. Boutigny has providedagainst this objection, or rather determinedthe characters by which it may be knownwhether a gun-barrel has been recentlywashed or not. The author has discoveredthat the iron of a gun-barrel does not be-come oxidised for a considerable time,whenever the interior of the barrel has beenlined, as it were, with the residue of thecombustion of powder; and even when oxi-disation does take place the traces escapethe naked eye, because the oxide is gradu.