Liberalisation and User Driven Innovation in AfricaLiberalisation helped create an enabling...

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Liberalisation and User Driven Innovation in Africa Innovation in Africa Sam Paltridge, OECD Sam Paltridge, OECD

Transcript of Liberalisation and User Driven Innovation in AfricaLiberalisation helped create an enabling...

Page 1: Liberalisation and User Driven Innovation in AfricaLiberalisation helped create an enabling environment • “You don't look at GDP. You ignore that.” – Dennis O'Brien, CEO Digicel

Liberalisation and User Driven Innovation in AfricaInnovation in Africa

Sam Paltridge, OECDSam Paltridge, OECD

Page 2: Liberalisation and User Driven Innovation in AfricaLiberalisation helped create an enabling environment • “You don't look at GDP. You ignore that.” – Dennis O'Brien, CEO Digicel

Liberalisation enabled access growthLiberalisation enabled access growth

30Fixed and Mobile Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants in Low income countries 

25

30

Global telephone subs (fixed + mobile)1st Billion (1997) = 120 years.  

20

( ) y2nd Billion = 4 years3rd Billion = 3 years

15

y4th Billion = 2 years

5

10

0

Source: OECD based on ITU

Page 3: Liberalisation and User Driven Innovation in AfricaLiberalisation helped create an enabling environment • “You don't look at GDP. You ignore that.” – Dennis O'Brien, CEO Digicel

Net subscriber additions in 2007Internet (Top 20) Mobile (Top 20)

1 Chi 11 M i1. China

2. USA

1. China

2. India

11. Mexico

12. Thailand 11. Vietnam 

12.  Canada

3. Brazil

4. Pakistan

3. Pakistan 

4. Brazil 

13. Turkey

14. Argentina13.  Egypt

14. Indonesia

5. Columbia

6. India

5. Russia

6. Indonesia 

15. Saudi Arabia

16. Vietnam15. UK

16. Mexico

7. Iran

8. Russia

7. United States

8. Iran

17. Nigeria

18. Philippines 17. Thailand

18. Nigeria

9. Germany

10. France

9. Egypt 

10. Germany

19. Peru 

20. Algeria19. Poland

20. Venezuela

= 7 out of 20 = 4 out of 20

Page 4: Liberalisation and User Driven Innovation in AfricaLiberalisation helped create an enabling environment • “You don't look at GDP. You ignore that.” – Dennis O'Brien, CEO Digicel

Liberalisation helped create an enabling environment

• “You don't look at GDP. You ignore that.”– Dennis O'Brien, CEO Digicel (quoted in The Economist S t b 2007)en

sity

September 2007)

Tele

-de

T

WealthWealthJipp, A. (1963). “ Wealth of Nations and Telephone Density.”

Page 5: Liberalisation and User Driven Innovation in AfricaLiberalisation helped create an enabling environment • “You don't look at GDP. You ignore that.” – Dennis O'Brien, CEO Digicel

Creating innovation aimed at local requirements

Safari Bima is a Personal Accident coverSafari Bima is a Personal Accident cover, providing a benefit of US$ 1300 in the event of DEATH or Permanent Total Disability resulting from an accident. 24 hour coverageresulting from an accident. 24 hour coverage can be activated by SMS at a premium of US$ 0.39 deducted from a customer’s mobile phone credit.

Mobile phone SIM card collar, virtual "geofence" using gps, when elephant approaches the virtual fence collar texts

pwww.korient.co.ke

approaches the virtual fence collar texts rangers. www.savetheelephants.org

Page 6: Liberalisation and User Driven Innovation in AfricaLiberalisation helped create an enabling environment • “You don't look at GDP. You ignore that.” – Dennis O'Brien, CEO Digicel

J

B A

C

I

Creating innovation aimed at overcoming local barriersD

E

F HG

Page 7: Liberalisation and User Driven Innovation in AfricaLiberalisation helped create an enabling environment • “You don't look at GDP. You ignore that.” – Dennis O'Brien, CEO Digicel

Location of innovation and take‐up rate no longer predictable

Acceleration/deceleration measures the rate at which technology adoption exceeds (or falls below) expectations for the country’s level of GDP. Rates have been

Source: Intel Technology Metabolism Indexaveraged across three technologies: mobile phones, PC’s, and internet users.

Page 8: Liberalisation and User Driven Innovation in AfricaLiberalisation helped create an enabling environment • “You don't look at GDP. You ignore that.” – Dennis O'Brien, CEO Digicel

Time to change perceptions of what is possibleAf iOECD

• North America

Africa

• Gabon 

f b h– Mobile penetration mid‐2008: United 

– 1st African sub‐Saharan with 100%+ mobile penetration?States 84%, Canada 

62%, Mexico 68%

E

penetration?

• sub‐Saharan Africa

Borderless roaming for• Europe

– High roaming charges

K

– Borderless roaming for post‐paid and prepaid users across Africa for on‐

• Korea 

• 15.4% of mobile users use mobiles for

net calls (and Middle East)

• Kenya use mobiles for payments of products and services (Dec 2007)

– 30% of Kenya’s 12 million mobile users were and services (Dec 2007)registered for M‐Pesa by mid 2008

Page 9: Liberalisation and User Driven Innovation in AfricaLiberalisation helped create an enabling environment • “You don't look at GDP. You ignore that.” – Dennis O'Brien, CEO Digicel

Some emerging market segment rankingsOpera Mini Browser 

(Top 10) Sept 2008

AdMob Mobile Advertising 

(Top 20) Sept 2008

1. Russia

2. Indonesia1. United States

2. Indonesia 

11. Brunei

12. Saudi Arabia 3. India

4. Ukraine3. India 

4. United Kingdom

13. Israel 

14. Australia5. China

6. South Africa

4. United Kingdom 

5. Philippines 

6. South Africa

14. Australia 

15. Canada 

16. Kenya7. United States

8. United Kingdom

6. South Africa 

7. Nigeria 

8 Romania

16. Kenya 

17. Italy 

18 Pakistang

9. Poland

10. Egypt

8. Romania

9. China 

10 Malaysia

18. Pakistan 

19. Bangladesh 

20 Francegyp 10. Malaysia  20. France 

= 3 out of 10 = 6 out of 20

Page 10: Liberalisation and User Driven Innovation in AfricaLiberalisation helped create an enabling environment • “You don't look at GDP. You ignore that.” – Dennis O'Brien, CEO Digicel

Send in the ICT anthropologists!

• ICT companies are increasingly seeking better ways to 

Jan Chipchase Nokia

understand emerging markets

Dawn Nafus, Intel

Jan Chipchase, Nokia• For example observations of sharedobservations of shared use lead to design innovation in areas such

Younghee Jung, Nokia

innovation in areas such as multiple address books and cost trackers

Genevieve Bell, IntelNokiabooks and cost trackers

Page 11: Liberalisation and User Driven Innovation in AfricaLiberalisation helped create an enabling environment • “You don't look at GDP. You ignore that.” – Dennis O'Brien, CEO Digicel

How does this work in practicepUser Innovation: Sente (Uganda) Market internalises financial 

transfers• an informal way of sending 

and receiving money, cheaper 

transfers 

• Operator sees value (an externality) being captured by

than other options

• User buys prepaid airtime and ll l l ki k i

externality) being captured by users and wants to internalise.

• Internalises by creatingcalls local kiosk operator in location of recipient

• Negotiation on commission

Internalises by creating network of trusted agents across a country, information 

• Negotiation on commission

• Kiosk operator tops up their own phone with the credit

goes direct to recipient, transparent pricing, promotion etcown phone with the credit, 

and after taking commission, pays cash to recipient

promotion, etc

• Provides banking and payment services to the unbankedp y p services to the unbanked

Page 12: Liberalisation and User Driven Innovation in AfricaLiberalisation helped create an enabling environment • “You don't look at GDP. You ignore that.” – Dennis O'Brien, CEO Digicel

From little things…g• Safaricom: 3.8 million customers in 18 months for M‐Pesa

– Kenya’s banking industry took over 100 years to achieve this benchmark

• Competitive response in 2007 : – Traditional banking sector tripled number of account holders 3.3 million to 10.1 million.

– Branches expand from 575 to 740 and mobile banking services launched

• World Bank estimates remittance flows to developing countries were $251 billion in 2007, up 11 percent on 2006– regulatory barriers to low cost cross‐border remittance services deserve examination.

• Each mobile user becomes an ATM with potentially profound development effects

Page 13: Liberalisation and User Driven Innovation in AfricaLiberalisation helped create an enabling environment • “You don't look at GDP. You ignore that.” – Dennis O'Brien, CEO Digicel

For further informationFor further information• www.oecd.org/futureinternetg/

• The Seoul Declaration for the Future of the Internet Economyy

• Shaping Policies for the Future of the Internet EconomyEconomy

• Global Opportunities for Internet Access Developments