Liberal Democrat general election 2010 manifesto

8/9/2019 Liberal Democrat general election 2010 manifesto

1/57

Ecdktge Mkblatg}

Bg`cikq}l 4:7:

igct }gxkq}hg} z{} bl`ks dgan c` sl{t zlank}

g igct i{}{tkatkg}c`f oldq ds bgnc`f Dtc}gc` ftkk`kt

g igct ahg`akilt kykts ahcem

g igct mkgeds aekg`c`f {z zlec}caq


2/57

Ecdktge Mkblatg}

Bg`cikq}l 4:7:

c`}tlm{a}cl` ds @can Aekff

il{t q}kzq }l g igctkt Dtc}gc`

l{t yge{kq

sl{t bl`ks

sl{t old

sl{t ecik

sl{t igbces

sl{t vltem

sl{t albb{`c}s

sl{t qgs

atkmcdek g`m tkqzl`qcdek `g`akq

c`mkx

}gdek li al`}k`}q

=

9

8

74

4:

14

=8

;9

6:

89

39

7:=


3/57

C vgq dtl{fh} {z }l dkeckyk }hg} }hk vgs }hc`fq gtk cq `l} }hk vgs }hks hgyk

}l dk. C vgq dtl{fh} {z }l dkeckyk }hg} sl{ qhl{em fh} ilt vhg} sl{ dkeckyk

c`% g`m fh} ilt ahg`fk. Ql bs bkqqgfk ilt sl{ c` }hcq keka}cl` cq qcbzek.

Ml`} qk}}ek ilt elv zlec}caq g`m dtlnk` ztlbcqkq? dk bltk mkbg`mc`f.

Qk} sl{t qcfh}q l` }hk Dtc}gc` sl{ vg`} ilt sl{t ahcemtk` g`m sl{t

ftg`mahcemtk`% g`m {qk sl{t yl}k }l bgnk c} hgzzk`.

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q gtk mciiktk`}. Vhk` c}q albk }l }hk dcf mkacqcl`q l` }hk

dg`nq% l` }hk k`yctl`bk`}% l` }hk vgt c` Ctgw vk gtk }hk lès zgt}s }hg} hgq

ageekm c} tcfh}% kykts }cbk.

Lès Ecdktge Mkblatg}q hgyk }hk dcf cmkgq ilt i{`mgbk`}ge% q}t{a}{tge

ahg`fkq c` }hk vgs l{t al{`}ts vltnq }l bgnk c} igct. Lès Ecdktge Mkblatg}q

vcee qhgnk {z }hk }gx qsq}kb }l z{} 6:: dgan c` }hk zlank}q li }k`q li

bceecl`q li elv g`m bcmmek"càlbk igbceckq% zgcm ilt ds k`q{tc`f }hk vkge}hs

zgs }hkct igct qhgtk. Lès Ecdktge Mkblatg}q vcee dtkgn {z }hk dg`nq g`m q}gt}

Dtc}gc` d{cemc`f }hc`fq gfgc`% atkg}c`f g q{q}gc`gdek kal`lbs }hg} `l el`fkt

}htkg}k`q l{t zeg`k}q i{}{tk. Lès Ecdktge Mkblatg}q vcee c`ykq} c` l{t qahlleq

}l fcyk kykts ahcem% `l bg}}kt }hkct dganftl{`m% g igct q}gt} c` ecik. G`m lès

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q vcee qlt} l{} l{t tl}}k` zlec}cage qsq}kb làk g`m ilt gee.

G q}tl`f yl}k ilt }hk Ecdktge Mkblatg}q bkg`q }hk k`m li tkm"de{k% de{k"tkm

zlec}caq. C} bkg`q }hk k`m li }hk q}c}ah"{z dk}vkk` }hk }vl lem zgt}ckq.

C} bkg`q }hk dkfc``c`f li tkge ahg`fk }hg} vltnq ilt sl{.

Keka}cl`q }hg} ag` tkgees bgnk g mciiktkàk ml`} albk gel`f ykts li}k`.

D{} }hcq cq l`k li }hkb.

]hcq Bgs% sl{ hgyk g` lzzlt}{`c}s }l qhgzk }hk i{}{tk li l{t al{`}ts ilt

}hk dk}}kt. Vkyk hgm 9; skgtq li Egdl{t g`m }hk Al`qktyg}cykq? }hk qgbk

zgt}ckq }gnc`f }{t`q g`m bgnc`f }hk qgbk bcq}gnkq% ek}}c`f sl{ mlv`. ]hks

hgyk }g{fh} zklzek }l kxzka} ec}}ek itlb zlec}caq% g`m fk} ekqq.

C} cq }cbk ilt qlbk}hc`f mciiktk`}. C} cq }cbk ilt qlbk}hc`f dk}}kt.

Mlkq`} c} bgnk sl{ g`fts }hg} gi}kt 9; skgtq li tkm"de{k flykt`bk`}% g

ahcemq ahgàkq c` ecik gtk q}cee bltk mk}ktbc`km ds }hkct zgtk`}q dg`n dgegàk

}hg` ds }hkct lv` hlzkq g`m mtkgbq< Mlkq`} c} bgnk sl{ g`fts }hg} }hk

dg`nq hgyk dkk` geelvkm }l tcmk tl{fhqhlm lykt l{t kal`lbs% g`m gtk q}cee

hg`mc`f l{} dl`{qkq ds }hk d{ank} elgm< ]hg} zlec}caq cq q}cee }hk zegs}hc`f

li vkge}hs ml`ltq g`m altt{z} BZq< ]hg} mkqzc}k k`mekqq vgtb vltmq itlb

zlec}cacg`q% l{t aecbg}k cq c` mg`fkt< ]hg} }hk zlltkq} gtk }hk l`kq vhl zgs

}hk dcffkq} ah{`n li }hkct càlbk c` }gx kal`lbca zlvkt hgq dkk` hlgtmkm ds dcf d{qc`kqqkq. Dl}h

nc`mq li zlvkt hgyk dkk` q}tczzkm itlb ltmc`gts ac}ck`q% ekgyc`f {q vc}h g

itgfcek qlack}s bgtnkm ds c`kw{gec}s% k`yctl`bk`}ge mkftgmg}cl` g`m dllb"

d{q} kal`lbcaq. Ci flykt`bk`} bktkes }c`nktq g} }hk kmfkq }hk Egdl{t

g`m Al`qktyg}cyk gzztlgah Dtc}gc`q ztldekbq vcee `l} dk qleykm. Vk ag`

ahg`fk }hcq lès vc}h tgmcage ga}cl`.

]hk Ecdktge Mkblatg} zhcelqlzhs cq d{ce} l` g qcbzek gbdc}cl`? }l mcq}tcd{}k

zlvkt igctes gbl`f zklzek. Itlb }hg} flge li igct`kqq qztc`f }hk il{t ztcltc}ckq

vhcah iltb }hk dgandl`k li }hcq bg`cikq}l. Kgah vcee tkmcq}tcd{}k zlvkt li g

mciiktk`} nc`m% dk c} kal`lbca% qlacge% zlec}cage lt `gàcge. Kgah vcee ahg`fk

Dtc}gc` ilt }hk dk}}kt.

]hlqk il{t ahg`fkq gtk qzke} l{} c` mk}gce c` }hcq bg`cikq}l. ]hks vcee bgnk

Dtc}gc` }hk igct al{`}ts zklzek vg`} c} }l dk. ]hks gtk?

Igct }gxkq }hg} z{} bl`ks dgan c` sl{t zlank}.

G igct ahgàk ilt kykts ahcem.

G igct i{}{tk% atkg}c`f oldq ds bgnc`f Dtc}gc` ftkk`kt.

G igct mkge ilt sl{ itlb zlec}cacg`q.

l{t }gx zeg`

Vk ztlzlqk }hk blq} tgmcage }gx tkiltb c` g fk`ktg}cl`% a{}}c`f }gxkq ilt

bceecl`q zgcm ilt ds aelqc`f ellzhlekq g} }hk }lz g`m càtkgqc`f }gxkq l`

zlee{}c`f gycg}cl`. @l }gx qsq}kb qhl{em }ts }l atkg}k }l}ge kw{gec}s li càlbk

d{} c} ag` g`m qhl{em hkez tkmcq}tcd{}k vkge}h g`m zlvkt% }l geekycg}k }hk

vltq} kxakqqkq li c`kw{gec}s.


6/57

l{t yge{kq7: Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: 77

l{t qahlleq zeg`

Vk vcee fcyk kykts ahcem }hk igct q}gt} }hks mkqktyk ds ztlycmc`f agqh }l

tkm{ak aegqq qckq g`m càtkgqk l`k"}l"l`k }{c}cl`. ]hcq cq }hk dkq} vgs }l

k`q{tk% lykt }hk el`f }ktb% }hg} kykts ahcem hgq lzzlt}{`c}ckq% `l bg}}kt }hkct

dganftl{`m% }hkct hlbk }lv` lt }hkct zgtk`}q dg`n dgegàk.

l{t kal`lbca zeg`

L{t ycqcl` cq li g ykts mciiktk`} kal`lbs% dgegàkm g`m q{q}gc`gdek dl}h

`gàcgees g`m k`yctl`bk`}gees. Vk vcee tkm{ak }hk mkac}% dtkgn {z }hk dg`nq%

g`m k`q{tk }hg} Dtc}gc` ekgmq c` mkykelzc`f }hk `kv ftkk` kal`lbs }hg} }hk

vltem `kkmq.

l{t zeg` ilt aekg`c`f {z zlec}caq

]hk `ge ahg`fk cq }hk l`k }hg} bgnkq }hk l}hktq zlqqcdek? zlec}cage tkiltb.

]hk a{ttk`} qsq}kb kxcq}q }l delan ahg`fk. Vk vcee q}gbz l{} altt{z}cl` g`m

gd{qk ds fcyc`f zklzek zlvkt }l qgan altt{z} BZq% k`m dcf bl`ks zlec}caq%

g`m bgnk q{tk }hlqk vhl qkkn }l qc} c` Zgtecgbk`} zgs i{ee [N }gxkq. Vk vcee

tkc`ycfltg}k l{t mkblatgas ds m cqzktqc`f zlvkt% dtkgnc`f lzk` Vkq}bc`q}kt

g`m Vhc}khgee g`m kbdtgac`f igct yl}kq ilt kykts ekyke li keka}cl`.

ahg`fk }hg} vltnq ilt sl{

]hcq bg`cikq}l cq `l} ecbc}km }l }hkqk il{t q}t{a}{tge ahg`fkq. C} cq g i{ee

ztlftgbbk ilt g Ecdktge Mkblatg} flykt`bk`}% qk}}c`f l{} l{t gzztlgah

}l gee z{deca qktycakq% }l qage mcqaczec`k% g`m }l Dtc}gc`q zegak c` }hk

ahg`fc`f vltem.

C` iltb{eg}c`f l{t zlecackq vk hgyk dkk` mtcyk` ds l{t l`k gdcmc`f alàkt`?

igct`kqq. Vk n`lv }hkqk gtk mcia{e} }cbkq. D{} vk geql n`lv }hktk cq g vgs

l{}% g vgs }l d{cem g igc tkt% ftkk`kt g`m q}tl`fkt i{}{tk.

C} vcee }gnk al{tgfk g`m albbc}bk`} }l bgnk Dtc}gc` }t{es igct ilt l{t ahcemtk`%

g`m ilt }hk i{}{tk. C} vcee }gnk g` kx}tgltmc`gts flykt`bk`}% mciiktk`} itlb

kykts l`k }hg} hgq albk dkiltk. ]hg} cq vhg} }hk Ecdktge Mkblatg}q liikt%

vhcah `l l}hkt zgt}s ag` g} }hcq keka}cl`.

Ci sl{ vg`} tkge ahg`fk% ahllqk }hk Ecdktge Mkblatg}q.

g ftkk` i{}{tk? ztl}ka}c`f }hk zeg`k}

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q dkeckyk }hg} ztl}ka}c`f }hk k`yctl`bk`} cq l`k

li }hk ftkg}kq} ahgeek`fkq }hcq fk`ktg}cl` igakq. Vk b{q} hg`m

l` }l l{t ahcemtk` g zeg`k} vlt}h ecyc`f l`. ]hg} tkw{ctkq ga}cl`

gatlqq flykt`bk`} }hcq cq kyktsdlmsq tkqzl`qcdcec}s% `l} o{q} l`kaecbg}k ahg`fk bc`cq}ktq. C} cq dkag{qk vk dkeckyk alàkt` ilt }hk

k`yctl`bk`} cq cbzlt}g`} c` kykts zgt} li zklzekq ecykq }hg} vk hgyk

cmk`}ckm zlecackq c` kykts ahgz}kt li }hcq bg`cikq}l }l ztl}ka} }hk

zeg`k}. ]hkqk zlecackq gtk hcfhecfh}km vc}h ftkk` qcmk }gdq.

]hkqk il{t ahg`fkq vcee }tg`qiltb Dtc}gc`. ]hks

gtk l{t altk ztcltc}ckq. ]hk q}tl`fkt vk gtk gq g

zgt}s% }hk bltk zlvkt g`m c`ffl{kàk vk vcee hgyk

}l bgnk }hkb hgzzk`% }l ahg`fk l{t al{`}ts ilt

}hk dk}}kt. ]hks gtk gee kqqk`}cge }l mkecyktc`f tkge

ahg`fk c` Dtc}gc`.


7/57

Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: 71

igct }gxkq g`m igct dk`k}q }l hkez kykts igbces

fk} ds

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q vg`} }l bgnk }hk }gx g`m dk`k}q qsq}kb igct% ql }hg}

kyktsl`k% dk }hks sl{`f lt lem% ag` giiltm }l fk} ds. Vk hgyk zeg`q ilt }hk

blq} tgmcage% igt"tkgahc`f }gx tkiltbq c` g fk`ktg}cl`.

]hkqk ahg`fkq gtk mkqzktg}kes `kkmkm. Al`qktyg}cyk g`m Egdl{t

flykt`bk`}q hgyk ahg`fkm Dtc}gc` c`}l l`k li }hk blq} {`kw{ge qlack}ckq

c` }hk mkykelzkm vltem% vhktk ltmc`gts zklzek q}t{ffek }l bgnk k`mq bkk}

vhcek }hk tcahkq} dk`k} itlb }gx dtkgnq. ]hk zlltkq} i}h li }hk zlz{eg}cl`zgs g hcfhkt ztlzlt}cl` li }hkct càlbk c` }gx }hg` }hk tcahkq} i}h.

Vk qk} l{} c` }hcq bg`cikq}l g aekgt zeg` }l dtc`f }hk d{mfk} dgan {`mkt

al`}tle% dkc`f hl`kq} gdl{} }hk }l{fh ahlcakq vk `kkm }l }gnk. Vk vcee a{}

}gxkq ilt bceecl`q li vltnc`f zklzek g`m zk`qcl`ktq % zgcm ilt ds bgnc`f

q{tk }hg} }hk ykts vkge}hs zgs }hkct igct qhgtk g`m }hg} zlee{}c`f gct }tgyke cq

ztlzktes }gxkm. Vk vcee dllq} }hk q}g}k zk`qcl` ds cbbkmcg}kes tkq}ltc`f

}hk ec`n vc}h kgt`c`fq ftlv}h.

}gx igct`kqq ilt kyktsl`k

[`mkt g Ecdktge Mkblatg} flykt`bk`}% sl{ vcee `l} hgyk }l zgs g`s càlbk

}gx l` }hk tq} 7:%::: sl{ kgt`. ]hcq vcee z{} 6:: dgan c`}l }hk zlank}q

li bceecl`q li zklzek l` elv g`m bcmmek càlbkq g`m itkk 1.9 bceecl` bltk

zklzek l` elv càlbkq itlb hgyc`f }l zgs g`s càlbk }gx g} gee. C` }hcq vgs%

vk vcee hkez zklzek vhl gtk q}t{ffec`f }l bgnk k`mq bkk} g`m ztlycmk g`

càk`}cyk }l vltn g`m qgyk.

]hcq ahg`fk vcee dk zgcm ilt ds?

Fcyc`f }gx tkecki l` zk`qcl`q lès g} }hk dgqca tg}k% ql }hg} kyktsl`k

fk}q }hk qgbk }gx tkecki l` }hkct zk`qcl` al`}tcd{}cl`q.

sl{t bl`ks. Ecdktge

Mkblatg}q vg`} }l bgnk

}hk }gx g`m dk`k }q qsq}kb

igct% ql }hg} kyktsl`k% dk

}hks sl{`f lt lem% ag`giiltm }l fk} ds.


8/57

sl{t bl`ks7= Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: 7;

]gxc`f agzc}ge fgc`q g} }hk qgbk tg}kq gq càlbk% ql }hg} gee }hk

bl`ks sl{ bgnk cq }gxkm c` }hk qgbk vgs.

]ganec`f }gx gylcmgàk g`m kygqcl`% vc}h `kv zlvktq ilt HB

Tkyk`{k ) A{q}lbq g`m g egv }l k`q{tk ztlzkt}ckq ag`} gylcm q}gbz

m{}s ci }hks gtk z{} c`}l g` liiqhltk }t{q}.

K`q{tc`f zlee{}cl` cq ztlzktes }gxkm ds tkzegac`f }hk zkt"zgqqk`fkt Gct

Zgqqk`fkt M{}s vc}h g zkt"zeg`k m{}s (ZZM#% k`q{tc`f }hg} gct itkcfh}

cq }gxkm ilt }hk tq} }cbk. Vk vcee geql c`}tlm{ak g` gmmc}cl`ge% hcfhkt

tg}k li ZZM l` mlbkq}ca fflcfh}q ci tkgecq}ca ge}kt`g}cyk g`m ekqq zlee{}c`f

}tgyke cq gygcegdek.

C`}tlm{ac`f g Bg`qcl` ]gx g} g tg}k li 7 zkt ak`} l` ztlzkt}ckq vlt}h

lykt 4 bceecl`% zgcm l` }hk yge{k li }hk ztlzkt}s gdlyk }hg} ekyke.

C` gmmc}cl` vk vcee tkiltb }hk qsq}kb li `l`"mlbcacekm q}g}{q% geelvc`f

zklzek }l hlem q{ah q}g}{q ilt {z }l qkyk` skgtq> gi}kt }hg} }cbk }hks vcee

dkalbk q{doka} }l }gx l` gee liiqhltk càlbk c` }hk qgbk vgs gq mlbcacekm

Dtc}cqh ac}ck`q.

mkgec`f vc}h }hk mkac}

]hk hkge}h li }hk kal`lbs mkzk`mq l` }hk hkge}h li }hk al{`}tsq `gàkq.

Z{deca dlttlvc`f hgq tkgahkm {`q{q}gc`gdek ekykeq% g`m `kkmq }l dk dtl{fh}

{`mkt al`}tle }l ztl}ka} }hk al{`}tsq kal`lbca i{}{tk.

G Ecdktge Mkblatg} flykt`bk`} vcee dk q}tgcfh} vc}h zklzek gdl{} }hk }l{fh

ahlcakq ghkgm. @l} lès b{q} vgq}k dk kecbc`g}km% d{} vk b{q} geql dk dlem

gdl{} `mc`f dcf gtkgq li qzk`mc`f }hg} ag` dk a{} albzek}kes. ]hg} vgs vk

ag` al`}tle dlttlvc`f% ztl}ka} }hk qktycakq zklzek tkes l` blq} g`m q}cee `m

qlbk bl`ks }l c`ykq} c` d{cemc`f g igct i{}{tk ilt kyktsl`k.

Vk hgyk getkgms cmk`}ckm lykt 7; dceecl` li qgyc`fq c` flykt`bk`} qzk`mc`f

zkt skgt% ygq}es c` kxakqq li }hk ; dceecl` zkt skgt }hg} vk hgyk qk} gqcmk

ilt gmmc}cl`ge qzk`mc`f albbc}bk`}q. Gee l{t qzk`mc`f albbc}bk`}q vcee dk

i{`mkm itlb }hcq zlle li cmk`}ckm qgyc`fq% vc}h gee tkbgc`c`f qgyc`fq {qkm }l

tkm{ak }hk mkac}.

Vk b{q} k`q{tk }hk }cbc`f cq tcfh}. Ci qzk`mc`f cq a{} }ll qll`% c} vl{em

{`mktbc`k }hk b{ah"`kkmkm tkalykts g`m alq} oldq. Vk vcee dgqk }hk }cbc`f

li a{}q l` g` ldoka}cyk gqqkqqbk`} li kal`lbca al`mc}cl`q% `l} zlec}cage

mlfbg. L{t vltnc`f gqq{bz}cl` cq }hg} }hk kal`lbs vcee dk c` g q}gdek

k`l{fh al`mc}cl` }l dkgt a{}q itlb }hk dkfc``c`f li 4:7774.


9/57

sl{t bl`ks79 Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: 76

]htl{fh bgnc`f }l{fh ahlcakq% gq vkee gq càtkgqc`f kiackàs g`m tkm{ac`f

d{tkg{atgas gatlqq flykt`bk`}% l{t qgyc`fq vcee càe{mk?

Qk}}c`f g =:: zgs tcqk agz ilt gee z{deca qka}lt vltnktq% c`c}cgees ilt

}vl skgtq% k`q{tc`f }hg} }hk elvkq} zgcm gtk kecfcdek ilt }hk dcffkq}

zktak`}gfk tcqk.

Tkq}tca}c`f }gx atkmc}q.

K`mc`f flykt`bk`} zgsbk`}q c`}l Ahcem ]t{q} I{`mq.

C`}tlm{ac`f g Dg`nc`f Ekys ql }hg} dg`nq zgs ilt }hk `gàcge q{zzlt}

}hks hgyk tkakcykm% {`}ce q{ah }cbk gq }hks ag` dk qzec} {z c` ltmkt }l

c`q{eg}k tk}gce dg`nc`f itlb c`ykq}bk`} tcqnq.

Qatgzzc`f CM agtmq g`m }hk `kx} fk`ktg}cl` li dclbk}tca zgqqzlt}q.

Agàkeec`f K{tlfh}kt ]tg ahk 1d.

Qagec`f dgan HlbkD{s qahkbkq.

Tkiltbc`f ztcql`q% càe{mc`f }htl{fh tkm{ac`f }hk {bdkt li qhlt}

qk`}kàkq.

A{}}c`f dgan d{tmk`qlbk tkf{eg}cl` li elage g{}hltc}ckq.

I{t}hkt mk}gceq li l{t qgyc`fq% càe{mc`f g `{bdkt li qbgeekt qgyc`fq

c}kbq% ag` dk il{`m c` }hk }gdekq g``kxkm }l }hk ahgz}kt l` Atkmcdek g`m

Tkqzl`qcdek Ic`gàkq l` zgfk 39.

C` }hk el`fkt }ktb% gq zgt} li g Albztkhk`qcyk Qzk`mc`f Tkyckv (AQT#

c`yleyc`f vcmk al`q{e}g}cl`% vk vcee qkkn }l cmk`}cis gmmc}cl`ge qgyc`fq vhcah

ag` dk {qkm }l zgs mlv` }hk mkac} i{t}hkt. ]hkqk vcee càe{mk?

Qgsc`f `l }l }hk ecnk"ilt"ecnk tkzegakbk`} li }hk ]tcmk`} `{aekgt

vkgzl`q qsq}kb% vhcah al{em alq} 7:: dceecl`. Vk vcee hlem g i{ee

mkikàk tkyckv }l kq}gdecqh }hk dkq} ge}kt`g}cyk ilt Dtc}gc`q i{}{tk

qka{tc}s.

Tkiltbc`f z{deca qka}lt zk`qcl`q }l k`q{tk }hg} }hks gtk q{q}gc`gdek

g`m giiltmgdek ilt }hk el`f }ktb% vc}h g` c`mkzk`mk`} tkyckv }l gftkk

g qk}}ekbk`} }hg} cq igct ilt gee }gxzgsktq gq vkee gq ilt z{deca qktyg`}q.

Dk}}kt flykt`bk`} C] ztla{tkbk`}% c`ykq}cfg}c`f }hk zl}k`}cge li

mciiktk`} gzztlgahkq q{ah gq ael{m albz{}c`f g`m lzk`"ql{tak

qli}vgtk.

G vhlekqgek tkyckv li yge{k ilt bl`ks c` }hk z{deca qka}lt dgqkm l`

}hk `mc`fq li }hk @g}cl`ge G{mc} Liak g`m }hk Hl{qk li Albbl`q

Z{deca Gaal{`}q Albbc}}kk.

Vk vcee kq}gdecqh g Al{àce l` Ic`gàcge Q}gdcec}s% c`yleyc`f tkztkqk`}g}cykq li

gee zgt}ckq% }hk Flykt`lt li }hk Dg`n li K`feg`m g`m }hk Ahgct li }hk Ic`gàcge

Qktycakq G{}hltc}s. ]hcq ftl{z vl{em gftkk }hk }cbkitgbk g`m qagek li g

mkac} tkm{a}cl` zeg` }l qk} }hk itgbkvltn (`l} }hk mk}gce# ilt }hk AQT g`m

qkkn }l ztlbl}k c} kx}kt`gees g`m mlbkq}cagees. G`s gftkkbk`} vl{em dk

vc}hl{} ztko{mcak }l zgt}ckq tk}gc`c`f g`m gmylag}c`f mcq}cà}cyk yckvq l` gvcmk tg`fk li cqq{kq (q{ah gq igct }gxkq g`m qzk`mc`f ztcltc}ckq#.

igct`kqq c` zk`qcl`q% qgyc`fq g`m dk`k}q

Egdl{t hgq atkg}km g h{fkes albzekx g`m {ìgct dk`k}q qsq}kb% g`m c}

`kkmq }l dk tkiltbkm. Zk`qcl`q g`m qgyc`fq hgyk dkk` {`mktbc`km.


10/57

sl{t bl`ks78 Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: 73

Vk vcee bgnk zk`qcl`q g`m dk`k}q igct g`m tkvgtm qgyktq ds?

Cbbkmcg}kes tkq}ltc`f }hk ec`n dk}vkk` }hk dgqca q}g}k zk`qcl` g`m

kgt`c`fq. Vk vcee {ztg}k }hk q}g}k zk`qcl` g``{gees ds vhcahkykt cq

}hk hcfhkt li ftlv}h c` kgt`c`fq% ftlv}h c` ztcakq lt 4.; zkt ak`}.

Càtkgqc`f }hk càlbk }gx }htkqhlem }l 7:%:::.

Fcyc`f zklzek ftkg}kt fflkxcdcec}s c` gaakqqc`f zgt} li }hkct zktql`ge

zk`qcl` i{`m kgtes% ilt kxgbzek }l hkez c` }cbkq li `gàcge hgtmqhcz.

Fcyc`f zklzek al`}tle lykt }hkct zk`qcl` ds qatgzzc`f }hk t{ek }hg}

albzkeq sl{ }l d{s g` g``{c}s vhk` sl{ tkgah gfk 6;.

Geelvc`f c`mcycm{geq }l qgyk }htl{fh l{t [N Cìtgq}t{a}{tk Dg`n%

liiktc`f q}gdek el`f"}ktb tk}{t`q.

Bkk}c`f }hk flykt`bk`}q ldecfg}cl`q }lvgtmq Kw{c}gdek Ecik

zlecashlemktq vhl hgyk q{iiktkm elqq. Vk vcee qk} {z g qvci}% qcbzek%

}tg`qzgtk`} g`m igct zgsbk`} qahkbk.

K`mc`f }hk tleektalgq}kt li }gx atkmc} lyktzgsbk`}q ds xc`f zgsbk`}q

ilt qcx bl`}hq g} g }cbk. Vk vcee geql }gtfk} zgsbk`}q }lvgtmq }hlqk

vhl `kkm }hkb blq}.

Tkiltbc`f Vc`}kt I{ke Zgsbk`}q }l kx}k`m }hkb }l gee qkyktkes

mcqgdekm zklzek% zgcm ilt ds mkegsc`f gfk"tkeg}km Vc`}kt I{ke

Zgsbk`}q {`}ce zklzek tkgah 9;. Vk vcee al`}c`{k }l zgs Vc`}kt I{ke

Zgsbk`}q }l gee a{ttk`} tkaczck`}q li Zk`qcl` Atkmc}.


11/57


lzzlt}{`c}ckq ilt gee c` g igct% ftkk` kal`lbs

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q vg`} }l d{cem g` kal`lbs }hg} cq dgqkm l` c``lyg}cl`

g`m q{q}gc`gdcec}s% vhktk }hk cìtgq}t{a}{tk }hk al{`}ts `kkmq cq c` zegak ilt

c`mcycm{geq g`m d{qc`kqqkq }l }htcyk. L{t gcb cq }l mkecykt ftlv}h }hg} egq}q

g`m cq k`yctl`bk`}gees q{q}gc`gdek.

Mkagmkq li Egdl{t g`m Al`qktyg}cyk t{ek hgyk atkg}km g` {`q{q}gc`gdek

kal`lbs% ztklaa{zckm vc}h }hk gt}cacge vkge}h li c`fflg}km ztlzkt}s ztcakq

tg}hkt }hg` ztlm{a}cyk vltn g`m c`yk`}cl`. ]hks hgyk dkk` ldqkqqkm ds }hk

Qw{gtk Bcek }hk Ac}s li El`ml` c`q}kgm li q{zzlt}c`f gee 7::%::: qw{gtk

bcekq li Dtc}gc`.

]l dllq} }hk kal`lbs g`m atkg}k oldq ilt }hlqk vhl `kkm }hkb% vk vcee

dkfc` l{t }ktb li liak vc}h g l`k"skgt kal`lbca q}cb{e{q g`m old atkg}cl`

zgangfk. ]l q{q}gc` oldq g`m ftlv}h ilt }hk el`f }ktb% vk vcee qk} {z g`

Cìtgq}t{a}{tk Dg`n }l mctka} ztcyg}k `gàk }l kqqk`}cge ztloka}q q{ah gq

`kv tgce qktycakq g`m ftkk` k`ktfs% d{cemc`f }hk k`yctl`bk`}gees q{q}gc`gdek

kal`lbs }hg} cq `kkmkm ilt }hk el`f }ktb. G`m }l k`q{tk }hg} }hk kal`lbs cq

`kykt gfgc` mkq}gdcecqkm ds hcfh"tcqn `gàcge c`m{q}tckq% vk vcee dtkgn {z }hk

dg`nq g`m d{cem {z mcyktqk elage g`m tkfcl`ge ql{takq li d{qc`kqq `gàk.

q{q}gc`gdek `gàk ilt d{qc`kqq ftlv}h

Vk hgyk gee ekgt`km g` cbzlt}g`} ekqql` itlb }hk atkmc} at{àh g`m }hk

tkakqqcl`? vk ag``l} d{cem g` kal`lbs l` `gàcge fgbdec`f. Tgmcage tkiltb

li }hk `gàcge cìtgq}t{a}{tk cq `kkmkm }l atkg}k g`m q{q}gc` oldq% g`m blyk

}lvgtmq g q{q}gc`gdek g`m dgegàkm kal`lbs vhktk d{qc`kqqkq c` kykts

}lv`% ac}s g`m tkfcl` ag` ftlv.

]hg} q}gt}q vc}h dg`nc`f tkiltb. Dg`nq b{q} dk bgmk }l dkhgyk tkqzl`qcdes.

G`m vk `kkm }l q{zzlt} g`m mkykelz `kv vgsq li `gàc`f ftlvc`f

d{qc`kqqkq% vc}h kw{c}s tg}hkt }hg` mkd}% g`m vc}hl{} tkesc`f }ll hkgyces l`

sl{t old.Ecdktge

Mkblatg}q vg`} }l

d{cem g` kal`lbs }hg}

cq dgqkm l` c``lyg}cl`

g`m q{q}gc`gdcec}s% vhktk}hk cìtgq}t{a}{tk }hk

al{`}ts `kkmq cq c`

zegak ilt c`mcycm{geq g`m

d{qc`kqqkq }l }htcyk.


12/57

sl{t old44 Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: 41

}hk `kv ftkk` kal`lbs }hg} }hk vltem `kkmq. Vk tkalf`cqk }hg} q}tl`f

d{qc`kqqkq atkg}k g`m q{q}gc` oldq g`m g Ecdktge Mkblatg} flykt`bk`}

vcee q{zzlt} }hkb c` mlc`f ql.

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q vcee dkfc` l{t }ktb c` liak vc}h g l`k"skgt old atkg}cl`

g`m ftkk` kal`lbca q}cb{e{q zgangfk. Vk hgyk cmk`}ckm 1.7 dceecl` li

z{deca qzk`mc`f }hg} ag` dk {qkm }l atkg}k 7::%::: oldq. ]hcq ztlftgbbk

vcee dk g tq} q}kz }lvgtmq l{t }gtfk} ilt g ktl"agtdl` Dtc}gc` ds 4:;:.

L{t ftkk` q}cb{e{q zeg` vcee atkg}k 7::%::: oldq. C} albztcqkq?

C`ykq}c`f {z }l =:: bceecl` c` tki{tdcqhc`f qhczsgtmq c` }hk @lt}h li

K`feg`m g`m Qal}eg`m ql }hg} }hks ag` bg`{iga}{tk liiqhltk vc`m

}{tdc`kq g`m l}hkt bgtc`k tk`kvgdek k`ktfs kw{czbk`}. Gq zgt} li

}hcq qahkbk vk vcee vtc}k lii dganmg}km d{qc`kqq tg}kq mkbg`mq itlb

dkiltk Gztce 4::8 ilt d{qc`kqqkq c` zlt}q.

Eg{àhc`f g` Kal Agqh"Dgan qahkbk% ilt l k skgt l es% vhcah

vcee fcyk sl{ =:: ci sl{ c`q}gee ml{dek fegc`f% tkzegak g` lem dlcekt%

lt c`q}gee bcatl"fk`ktg}cl`. Ci sl{ ahllqk bcatl"fk`ktg}cl`% sl{ vcee

dk gdek }l qkee }hk k`ktfs dgan }l }hk @g}cl`ge Ftcm g} g ztl}% vc}h

g bltk g}}tga}cyk ikkm"c` }gtcii }hg` {`mkt a{ttk`} flykt`bk`} zeg`q.

Qk}}c`f gqcmk kx}tg bl`ks ilt qahlleq vhl vg`} }l cbztlyk }hk

k`ktfs kiackàs li }hkct d{cemc`fq. ]hks vcee zgs dgan }hk elg` lykt}cbk itlb k`ktfs qgyc`fq% atkg}c`f g tleec`f i{`m }l hkez c`q{eg}k

kykts z{deca d{cemc`f.

Dtc`fc`f 4;:%::: kbz}s hlbkq dgan c`}l {qk. Zklzek vhl lv`

}hkqk hlbkq vcee fk} g ftg`} lt g ahkgz elg` }l tk`lyg}k }hkb ql }hg}

}hks ag` dk {qkm? ftg`}q ci }hk hlbk cq ilt qlacge hl{qc`f% elg`q ilt

ztcyg}k {qk.

}hk `gàcge ak`}tk li }hk Ac}s li El`ml`. Bltk mcyktqk ql{takq li `gàk vcee

ztlycmk }hk i{`mc`f `kkmkm }l mkykelz c``lyg}cyk `kv ztlm{a}q g`m tkyktqk

}hk mkaec`k c` }hk [Nq bg`{iga}{tc`f dgqk.

C` ltmkt }l z{} }hk kal`lbs l` g `kv ill}c`f% vk vcee?

Dtkgn {z }hk dg`nq% }l k`q{tk }gxzgsktq gtk `kykt gfgc` kxzka}km

}l {`mktvtc}k hcfh"tcqn dg`nc`f. Vk vl{em kq}gdecqh g aekgt qkzgtg}cl`

dk}vkk` elv"tcqn tk}gce dg`nc`f g`m hcfh"tcqn c`ykq}bk`} dg`nc`f%

g`m kàl{tgfk }hk mkykelzbk`} li elage g`m tkfcl`ge dg`nq. Vk

vcee c`}tlm{ak g Dg`nc`f Ekys% ql }hg} dg`nq zgs ilt }hkct }gx"zgskt

f{gtg`}kk% {`}ce }hk dtkgn"{z cq albzek}k.

Fk} }hk dg`nq ek`mc`f tkqzl`qcdes gfgc`. ]hk }gxzgsktq

tkztkqk`}g}cykq l` }hk dlgtmq li }hk dg`nq }hk z{deca lv` lt zgt}"

lv` qhl{em c`qcq} dg`nq ek`m }l ycgdek d{qc`kqqkq l` igct }ktbq gfgc`.

K`q{tk }hg} }hk dl`{q qsq}kb ag` kykt gfgc` kàl{tgfk dg`nq }l

dkhgyk c` g vgs }hg} z{}q }hk `gàcge qsq}kb g} tcqn lt liiktq tkvgtmq

ilt igce{tk.

Q{zzlt} }hk kq}gdecqhbk`} li Elage K`}ktztcqk I{`mq g`m Tkfcl`ge

Q}lan Kxahg`fkq. Elage K`}ktztcqk I{`mq vcee hkez elage c`ykq}ltq

z{} bl`ks c`}l ftlvc`f d{qc`kqqkq c` }hkct lv` zgt} li }hk al{`}ts

g`m q{zzlt} }hk mkykelzbk`} li `kv ztlm{a}q itlb tkqkgtah }l

ztlm{a}cl`. Tkfcl`ge Q}lan Kxahg`fkq vcee dk g tl{}k ilt d{qc`kqqkq}l gaakqq kw{c}s vc}hl{} }hk hkgys tkf{eg}lts tkw{ctkbk`}q li g

El`ml` ecq}c`f.

atkg}c`f oldq }hg} egq}

]hk `kv kal`lbs b{q} dk ykts mciiktk`} itlb }hk lem ci c} cq }l dk q{q}gc`gdek%

`l} o{q} `gàcgees% d{} k`yctl`bk`}gees }ll. Ci vk q}gt} `lv% Dtc}gc` ag` ekgm


13/57

sl{t old4= Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: 4;

g el`f"}ktb q}tg}kfca tkbc}. C} vl{em hgyk }hk gdcec}s }l tkoka} lt

gaakz} ztlzlqgeq dgqkm l` vhk}hkt }hks gtk `gàcgees ycgdek lt

vc}hc` c}q tkbc}.

Q}gt} vc}h flykt`bk`} qkkm i{`mc`f vhcah c} ag` {qk gq g agzc}ge dgqk

}l dlttlv gfgc`q}. ]hcq qkkm i{`mc`f al{em dk tgcqkm itlb }hk qkee"lii

li }hk q}{mk`} elg` dlln lt }hk ]l}k gq }hk flykt`bk`} hgq getkgms

ztlzlqkm. C` gmmc}cl` dlttlvc`f al{em dk qka{tkm gfgc`q} lt tgcqkm

itlb flykt`bk`}"lv`km gqqk}q q{ah gq }hk Mgt }iltm Atlqqc`f. Vk

vcee c`ykq}cfg}k l}hkt vgsq li tgcqc`f qkkm agzc}ge q{ah gq g{a}cl`c`f

gctzlt} eg`mc`f qel}q g`m zgt}q li }hk tgmcl qzka}t{b.

k`gdec`f k`}ktztcqk }hg} dk`k}q Dtc}gc`

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q dkeckyk c` }hk yge{k li k`}tkztk`k{tqhcz g`m k`}ktztcqk%

tkalf`cqc`f }hg} }htcyc`f d{qc`kqqkq gtk yc}ge }l atkg}k }hk vkge}h }hcq al{`}ts

`kkmq. Vk `kkm }l k`q{tk g q}tl`f albzk}c}cyk k`yctl`bk`} ds ztlycmc`f

g ekyke zegsc`f kem ilt gee d{qc`kqqkq% kàl{tgfc`f g mcyktqk% q{q}gc`gdek

kal`lbs ilt }hk el`f }ktb.

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q vcee?

Tkm{ak }hk d{tmk` li {` kakqqgts tkm }gzk ds ztlzktes gqqkqqc`f

}hk alq} g`m kiika}cyk`kqq li tkf{eg}cl`q dkiltk g`m gi}kt }hks gtkc`}tlm{akm% {qc`f q{`qk} aeg{qkq }l k`q{tk }hk `kkm ilt g tkf{eg}cl`

cq tkf{egtes tkyckvkm% g`m vltnc`f }lvgtmq }hk ztcàczek li l`k c`%

l`k l{} ilt `kv t{ekq.

Z{} g` k m }l }hk ql"ageekm flem"zeg}c`f li K[ t{ekq% ql }hg}

Dtc}cqh d{qc`kqqkq gtk `l} mcqgmyg`}gfkm tkeg}cyk }l }hkct K{tlzkg`

albzk}c}ltq.

C`ykq}c`f 7=: bceecl` c` g d{q qatgzzgfk qahkbk }hg} hkezq d{q

albzg`ckq }l tkzegak lem zlee{}c`f d{qkq vc}h `kv% gaakqqcdek elv"

agtdl` l`kq g`m atkg}kq oldq.

Vk vcee geql atkg}k h{`mtkmq li }hl{qg`mq li lzzlt}{`c}ckq ilt sl{`f zklzek

giika}km ds }hk tkakqqcl`. G vltn zegakbk`} qahkbk vc}h {z }l 8::%:::

zegakq vcee k`q{tk }hg} sl{`f zklzek hgyk }hk lzzlt}{`c}s }l fgc` qnceeq%

w{gecag}cl`q g`m vltn kxzktckàk kyk` ci }hks ag`} `m g old. Sl{`f zklzek

l` }hk qahkbk vl{em dk zgcm ;; g vkkn ilt {z }l }htkk bl`}hq. Vk vcee

geql i{`m 7;%::: kx}tg Il{`mg}cl` Mkftkk zegakq% i{ees bkk} }hk {z"itl`}

alq}q li gm{e} gzztk`}cakqhczq% g`m càtkgqk }hk Gm{e} Ekgt`c`f Ftg`} }l =;

g vkkn ilt 784= skgt"lemq c` I{t}hkt Km{ag}cl`.

]l hkez }hk }tg`qc} cl` }l g ftkk` kal`lbs lykt }hk el`fkt"}ktb% vk vcee qk}

{z g [`c}km Nc`fmlb Cìtgq}t{a}{tk Dg`n ([NCD# }l g}}tga} ztcyg}k `gàk

kqqk`}cge }l mkecyktc`f }hk b{ah"`kkmkm kxzg`qcl` li Dtc}gc`q }tg`qzlt} g`m

k`ktfs cìtgq}t{a}{tk vhk` z{deca `gàkq gtk }cfh}. ]hk [NCD vcee?

Atkg}k g kv tl{}k }l ztlycmk agzc}ge% f{gtg`}kkq g`m kw{c}s }l

cìtgq}t{a}{tk ztloka}q% {qc`f z{deca bl`ks }l g}}tga} {zitl`} ztcyg}k

c`ykq}bk`}.

Càtkgqk }hk i{`mc`f gygcegdek itlb }hk ztcyg}k qka}lt ds }gzzc`f c`}l

}hk i{`mq li c`q}c}{}cl`ge c`ykq}ltq% `gbkes g``{c}s i{`mq ellnc`f ilt g

hlbk c` }hk [N.

Tkm{ak }hk alq} li el`f"}ktb i{`mc`f gq albzgtkm vc}h }hk Ztcyg}k

Ic`gàk C`c}cg}cyk.

Ztlycmk }hk lzzlt}{`c}s ilt tk}gce c`ykq}ltq }l qgyk c` qgik el`f"}ktb

gqqk}q.

Dk g q}g`m"gel`k z{deca k`}c}s% c`mkzk`mk`} itlb flykt`bk`} d{} vc}h


14/57


Tkiltb d{qc`kqq tg}kq% atkg}c`f g igctkt qsq}kb vhktk tg}kq gtk dgqkm

l` qc}k yge{kq tg}hkt }hg` tk`}ge yge{kq g`m gtk }hk tkqzl`qcdcec}s li

elage g{}hltc}ckq. Vk vcee bgnk qbgee albzg`s tkecki g{}lbg}ca g`m

geql qkkn }l k`q{tk }hg} }hk d{tmk` cq qztkgm bltk kw{c}gdes dk}vkk`

qbgee g`m egtfk d{qc`kqqkq.

Tkiltb Tkfcl`ge Mkykelzbk`} Gfkàckq (TMGq# }l ila{q qlekes l`

kal`lbca mkykelzbk`}% tkblyc`f m{zecag}cl` vc}h l}hkt zgt}q li

flykt`bk`} g`m geelvc`f q{dq}g`}cge d{mfk} tkm{a}cl`q. Vk vcee fcyk

tkqzl`qcdcec}s ilt kal`lbca mkykelzbk`} }l elage g{}hltc}ckq. Vhktk

kxcq}c`f TMGq hgyk q}tl`f elage q{zzlt}% }hks bgs al`}c`{k vc}htkila{qkm kal`lbca mkykelzbk`} ldoka}cykq. Vhktk }hks ml `l}% }hks

vcee dk qatgzzkm g`m }hkct i{à}cl`q }gnk` lykt ds elage g{}hltc}ckq.

K`q{tk }hg} }gnklykt t{ekq qktyk }hk [N kal`lbs. Vk vcee tkq}ltk

g z{deca c`}ktkq} }kq} ql }hg} g dtlgmkt tg`fk li iga}ltq }hg` o{q}

albzk}c}cl` ag` dk al`qcmktkm ds tkf{eg}ltq vhk` }gnklyktq gtk

ztlzlqkm g`m vk vcee k`q{tk }hg} }hk l{}albk li }gnklykt dcmq cq

mk}ktbc`km ds }hk el`f"}ktb qhgtkhlemkt dgqk. Vk vcee tkc`}tlm{ak

}hk Lzktg}c`f g`m Ic`gàcge Tkyckv% mtlzzkm c` @lykbdkt 4::;% }l

k`q{tk }hg} mctka}ltq qlacge g`m k`yctl`bk`}ge m{}ckq vcee hgyk }l dk

alyktkm c` albzg`s tkzlt}c`f.

Q{zzlt} z{deca c`ykq}bk`} c` }hk tlee"l{} li q{zktigq} dtlgmdg`m%

}gtfk}km tq} g} }hlqk gtkgq vhcah gtk ekgq} ecnkes }l dk ztlycmkm iltds }hk bgtnk}.

Nkkz }hk }gx tkfcbk g`m geelvgàkq }hg} gzzes }l }hk lce g`m fgq

c`m{q}ts {`mkt tkyckv }l qka{tk }hk bgxcb{b el`f"}ktb dk`k} }l

}hk [N kal`lbs li }hk tkbgc`c`f @lt}h Qkg tkqktykq.

[qk }hk q{dq}g`}cge z{tahgqc`f zlvkt li flykt`bk`} }l kxzg`m }hk

bgtnk}q ilt ftkk` ztlm{a}q g`m }kah`lelfckq.

q{zzlt}c`f b{}{geq% al"lzq g`m qlacge k`}ktztcqkq

Vk dkeckyk }hg} b{}{geq% al"lzktg}cykq g`m qlacge k`}ktztcqkq hgyk g`

cbzlt}g`} tlek }l zegs c` }hk atkg}cl` li g bltk dgegàkm g`m bcxkm kal`lbs.

B{}{geq fcyk zklzek g ztlzkt q}gnk c` }hk zegakq }hks vltn% qztkgmc`f vkge}h

}htl{fh qlack}s% g`m dtc`fc`f c``lyg}cyk g`m cbgfc`g}cyk d{qc`kqq cmkgq }l

dkgt l` bkk}c`f elage `kkmq.

Vk vcee?

Fcyk `gàcge tkf{eg}ltq g aekgt ldoka}cyk li bgc`}gc`c`f g mcyktqc}s

li ztlycmktq c` }hk `gàcge qktycakq c`m{q}ts.


15/57


Qkkn }l }{t` @lt}hkt` Tlan c`}l g d{cemc`f qlack}s.

Fcyk dl}h Tlsge Bgce g`m zlq} liakq g el`f"}ktb i{}{tk% ds

qkzgtg}c`f Zlq} Liak E}m itlb }hk Tlsge Bgce g`m tk}gc`c`f Zlq}

Liak E}m c` i{ee z{deca lv`ktqhcz. =3 zkt ak`} li Tlsge Bgce vcee dk

qlem }l atkg}k i{`mq ilt c`ykq}bk`}. ]hk lv`ktqhcz li }hk l}hkt ;7 zkt

ak`} vcee dk mcycmkm dk}vkk` g` kbzelskk }t{q} g`m }hk flykt`bk`}.

Kàl{tgfk albb{`c}s"lv`km tk`kvgdek k`ktfs qahkbkq vhktk

elage zklzek dk`k} itlb }hk zlvkt ztlm{akm.

Zgqq g kv B{}{geq% Al"lzktg}cykq g`m Qlacge K`}ktztcqkq Dcee }l

dtc`f }hk egv {z }l mg}k g`m fcyk tkqzl`qcdcec}s ilt b{}{geq }l g

qzkaca bc`cq}kt.

atkg}c`f g ms`gbca k`yctl`bk`} ilt qackàk

g`m c``lyg}cl`

Dtc}gc`q i{}{tk mkzk`mq l` g ycdtg`} tkqkgtah dgqk g`m }hk gdcec}s li

c``lyg}ltq }l kxzelc} }hk al{`}tsq c`}keeka}{ge agzc}ge }l fk`ktg}k `kv hlbk"

ftlv` hcfh }kah c`m{q}tckq.

Mkqzc}k Flykt`bk`} thk}ltca% lyktgee z{deca i{`mc`f li qackàk c` tkge }ktbq cq

`l hcfhkt }hg` c} vgq }vl mkagmkq gfl. Dtc }gc`q Tkqkgtah g`m Mkykelzbk`}

qzk`m gq g ztlzlt}cl` li FMZ tkbgc`q `kgt }hk dl}}lb li }hk F8. ]hktk cq `l

tllb ilt albzegakàs.

C` }hk a{ttk`} kal`lbca aecbg}k c} cq `l} zlqqcdek }l albbc} }l ftlv}h c`

qzk`mc`f% d{} Ecdktge Mkblatg}q tkalf`cqk }hk cbzlt}gàk li qackàk

c`ykq}bk`} }l }hk tkalykts g`m }l }hk tkqhgzc`f li }hk kal`lbs% bgnc`f c}

ekqq tkecg`} l` }hk Ac}s li El`ml` g`m atkg}c`f `kv ftkk` c`m{q}tckq c`q}kgm.

Vk vcee?

Tkqzka} }hk al`yk`}cl` }hg} }hk qackàk d{mfk}% làk geelag}km

}htl{fh }hk Albztkhk`qcyk Qzk`mc`f Tkyckv ztlakqq% cq `l} {qkm ilt

l}hkt z{tzlqkq.

K`q{tk }hg} }hk mkacqcl`q l` }hk i{`mc`f li tkqkgtah ztloka}q gtk

bgmk l` }hk dgqcq li zkkt tkyckv `l} Vhc}khgee c`}ktiktkàk% vhcek

tkalf`cqc`f }hk `kkm ilt flykt`bk`} }l cmk`}cis dtlgm q}tg}kfca

ztcltc}ckq c` g }tg`qzgtk`} bg``kt.

K`q{tk }hg} gee q}g}k"i{`mkm tkqkgtah% càe{mc`f aec`cage }tcgeq% cq

z{decaes gaakqqcdek g`m }hg} }hk tkq{e}q gtk z{decqhkm g`m q{doka} }lzkkt tkyckv.

Tkiltb qackàk i{`mc`f }l k`q{tk }hg} fk`{c`kes c``lyg}cyk qack`}ca

tkqkgtah cq cmk`}ckm g`m q{zzlt}km% c`q}kgm li dgqc`f i{`mc`f

mkacqcl`q l` `gttlv cbzga} iga}ltq.

Vk `kkm }l qgikf{gtm }hk i{}{tk li }hk qackàk g`m k`fc`kktc`f vltniltak

g`m dtkgn }hk ycacl{q asaek ec`nc`f ikvkt [`cyktqc}s qackàk% k`fc`kktc`f g`m

bg}hq gzzecag`}q }l ikvkt }kgahktq vc}h qzkacgecq} w{gecag}cl`q. Vk vcee?

]ganek }hk fk`mkt fgz g} gee ekykeq li qack`}ca q}{ms g`m tkqkgtah }l

hkez càtkgqk }hk q{zzes li qack`}cq}q.

C} cq yc}ge }hg} zlecas% kqzkacgees }hg} tkeg}c`f }l z{deca hkge}h% atcbc`ge o{q}cakg`m k`yctl`bk`}ge ztl}ka}cl`% dk`k}q itlb dkc`f dgqkm l` }hk dkq} gygcegdek

kycmkàk. Vk vcee?

Qgikf{gtm gagmkbca itkkmlb g`m }hk c`mkzk`mkàk li qack`}ca

gmycqktq ds gbk`mc`f }hk Bc`cq}ktcge Almk }l ztkyk`} flykt`bk`}

itlb d{eesc`f lt bcq}tkg}c`f gmycqktq g`m mcq}lt}c`f kycmkàk lt

q}g}cq}caq.


16/57

sl{t old1: Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: 17

igct }tkg}bk`} g} vltn ilt kyktsl`k

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q vg`} }l d{cem g qlack}s vhktk kyktsl`k hgq }hk

lzzlt}{`c}s }l fk} l` c` ecik. Blq} d{qc`kqqkq ml g ftkg} old li q{zzlt}c`f

}hkct kbzelskkq% d{} }hktk cq bltk }l ml }l }ganek mcqatcbc`g}cl` l` }hk

ftl{`mq li fk`mkt% qkx{gec}s% gfk% tgak% tkecfcl` lt mcqgdcec }s. Vk vg`} }l fcyk

kbzelskkq igct lzzlt}{`c}ckq }l bgnk }hk dkq} {qk li }hkct }gek`}q% g`m ftkg}kt

al`}tle lykt }hkct vltnc`f ecykq g`m al`mc}cl`q.

Vlbk` gtk q}cee zgcm ekqq }hg` bk`. C} ag` dk hgtm }l o{ffek vltn g`m igbces

ecik. Zklzek itlb Degan% Gqcg` g`m Bc`ltc}s K}h`ca albb{`c}ckq gtk q}cee bltk

ecnkes }l q{iikt mcqatcbc`g}cl`. G`m }hktk gtk igt }ll bg`s dgttcktq }l vltn ilt

zklzek vc}h mcqgdcec}ckq.

Vk vcee ahg`fk }hcq ds?

Kx}k`mc`f }hk tcfh} }l tkw{kq} fflkxcdek vltnc`f }l gee kbzelskkq.

Tkw{ctc`f `gbk"dec`m old gzzecag}cl` iltbq }l tkm{ak qkx g`m tgak

mcqatcbc`g}cl` c` kbzelsbk`}% c`c}cgees ilt kykts albzg`s vc}h lykt

7:: kbzelskkq.

C`}tlm{ac`f igct zgs g{mc}q ilt kykts albzg`s vc}h lykt 7::

kbzelskkq }l albdg} mcqatcbc`g}cl` c` zgs% ilt kxgbzek gfgc`q}

vlbk`. Vk vcee geql tkw{ctk gee z{deca albzg`ckq }l mkaegtk c` i{ee gee

tkb{`ktg}cl`q li 4::%::: zkt skgt lt bltk.

Fcyc`f mcqgdekm old qkknktq dk}}kt ztga}cage hkez }l fk} }l vltn% {qc`f

yle{`}gts g`m ztcyg}k qka}lt ztlycmktq% gq vkee gq OldAk`}tk Ze{q

qktycakq. Vk vcee geql tkiltb Gaakqq }l Vltn% ql mcqgdekm zklzek

ag` gzzes ilt oldq vc}h i{`mc`f getkgms c` zegak ilt kw{czbk`} g`m

gmgz}g}cl` }hg} }hks `kkm.

L{t zlecackq l` qka{tk g`m q{q}gc`gdek k`ktfs gtk qk} l{} c` }hk

Sl{t Vltem ahgz}kt.


17/57


g igct mkge g`m }hk hkez sl{ `kkm itlb z{deca

qktycakq

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q dkeckyk c` c`ykq}c`f c` g`m cbztlyc`f }hk w{gec}s li

l{t z{deca qktycakq. ]hks gtk }hk alt`ktq}l`k li g igct qlack}s% lzk`c`f

{z lzzlt}{`c}ckq g`m ztlycmc`f q{zzlt} g`m hkez vhk` `kkmkm.

Mkqzc}k càtkgqkm c`ykq}bk`}% }hktk gtk q}cee ztldekbq. ]ll bg`s ahcemtk`

ekgyk qahlle vc}hl{} }hk n`lvekmfk g`m qnceeq }l dk q{aakqqi{e. ]hk @HQ

li}k` ikkeq }ll tkbl}k g`m albzekx ilt zg}ck`}q }l hg`mek% vhcek mla}ltq

g`m `{tqkq qzk`m }ll b{ah }cbk }tsc`f }l bkk} flykt`bk`} }gtfk}q. G`mc`kw{gec}s cq tcik? c` Dtc}gc` }lmgs sl{t ahgàkq c` ecik gtk bltk mk}ktbc`km

ds sl{t zgtk`}q càlbk }hg` g`svhktk keqk c` }hk mkykelzkm vltem.

Vk vcee ztlycmk g igct q}gt} ilt gee ahcemtk` ds fcyc`f qahlleq }hk kx}tg

bl`ks }hks `kkm }l a{} aegqq qckq g`m ztlycmk gmmc}cl`ge l`k"}l"l`k

}kgahc`f% g`m ds qk}}c`f qahlleq itkk }l fcyk gee ahcemtk` }hk dkq} zlqqcdek

km{ag}cl`. Vk vcee qatgz {ìgct {`cyktqc}s }{c}cl` ikkq ql kyktsl`k hgq }hk

ahgàk }l fk} g mkftkk% tkfgtmekqq li }hkct zgtk`}q càlbk. Vk vcee hkez

}hk @HQ vltn dk}}kt vc}h }hk bl`ks c} hgq ds {qc`f }hk qgyc`fq vk hgyk

il{`m }l ztl}ka} itl`}"ec`k qktycakq% q{ah gq agàkt }tkg}bk`}% bk`}ge

hkge}h agtk% bg}kt`c}s qktycakq% mkbk`}cg agtk g`m ztkyk`}cyk bkmcac`k.

}hk dkq} ahgàk ilt kykts ahcem

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q vg`} kykts ahcem }l tkakcyk g` kxakeek`} km{ag}cl`% }l

{èlan ahcemtk`q zl}k`}cge g`m }l k`q{tk }hg} }hks ag` q{aakkm c` ecik.

]ll bg`s ahcemtk` gtk q}cee ekgyc`f qahlle vc}hl{} }hk n`lvekmfk g`m qnceeq

}l dk q{aakqqi{e. G`m sl{t igbces dganftl{`m q}cee hgq g h{fk kiika}? g

}szcage ahcem itlb g zllt igbces vcee igee dkhc`m g tcahkt aegqqbg}k ds }hk gfk

li qkyk` g`m `kykt ag}ah {z. Vk vcee qkkn }l k`q{tk }hg} gee z{zceq ekgyc`f

ztcbgts g`m qkal`mgts km{ag}cl` hgyk }hk qnceeq }hks `kkm.

sl{t ecik.Ecdktge

Mkblatg}q dkeckyk c`

c`ykq}c`f c` g`m cbztlyc`f

}hk w{gec}s li l{t z{deca

qktycakq. ]hks gtk }hkalt`ktq}l`k li g igct qlack}s%

lzk`c`f {z lzzlt}{`c}ckq

g`m ztlycmc`f q{zzlt} g`m

hkez vhk` `kkmkm.


18/57

sl{t ecik1= Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: 1;

Ictq} }l g}}tga} bltk }lz ftgm{g}kq c`}l }kgahc`f. Vk vcee cbztlyk

}tgc`c`f ilt kxcq}c`f }kgahktq lykt }hk al{tqk li }hkct agtkktq }l

nkkz }hkb {z }l mg}k vc}h dkq} ztga}cak. Vk vcee qkkn }l k`q{tk

}hg} qackàk g} Nks Q}gfk = g`m gdlyk cq }g{fh} ds gzztlztcg}kes

w{geckm }kgahktq.

Alìtl`} d{eesc`f% càe{mc`f hlblzhldca d{eesc`f% g`m càe{mk

d{eesc`f ztkyk`}cl` c` }kgahkt }tgc`c`f.

Qk} gqcmk kx}tg bl`ks ilt qahlleq }l cbztlyk }hk k`ktfs kiackàs

li }hkct d{cemc`fq. ]hks vcee zgs dgan }hk elg` lykt }cbk itlb k`ktfsqgyc`fq% atkg}c`f g tleec`f i{`m }l hkez c`q{eg}k l}hkt z{deca d{cemc`fq.

g dk}}kt km{ag}cl`? q}g`mgtmq g`m }hk a{ttca{e{b

]l bgnk }hk blq} li }hkct skgtq g} qahlle% kykts ahcem `kkmq g` km{ag}cl`

}gceltkm }l q{c} }hkct gdcec}ckq g`m c`}ktkq}q. ]hk tkq}tca}cyk @g}cl`ge A{ttca{e{b

g`m }hk gtdc}tgts qzec} dk}vkk` gagmkbca g`m ylag}cl`ge w{gecag}cl`q

cq`} vltnc`f.

Vk vcee?

Kq}gdecqh g i{ees c`mkzk`mk`} Km{ag}cl`ge Q}g`mgtmq G{}hltc}s

(KQG# vc}h tkge zlvktq }l q}g`m {z }l bc`cq}ktq g`m tkq}ltk

al`mkàk c` q}g`mgtmq. ]hk KQG vl{em lyktqkk }hk kxgbc`g}cl`q

qsq}kb% }hk qsq}kbq li qahlle c`qzka}cl` g`m gaal{`}gdcec}s% g`m

}hk mk}gce li }hk a{ttca{e{b. C} vl{em tkzegak }hk W{gecag}cl`q g`m

A{ttca{e{b Mkykelzbk`} Gfkàs g`m }hk Liak li }hk W{gecag}cl`q

g`m Kxgbc`g}cl`q Tkf{eg}lt (LIW[GE#% g`m càe{mk LIQ]KM% }hk

qahlleq c`qzka}ltg}k.

Tkzegak }hk d{tkg{atg}ca Kgtes Skgtq Il{`mg}cl` Q}gfk vc}h g

Vk vcee itkk qahlleq itlb }hk ztkqk`} q}tg`fekhlem li ak`}tge flykt`bk`}

al`}tle g`m kàl{tgfk }hkb }l dk fk`{c`kes c``lyg}cyk.

Vk vcee c`ykq} gmmc}cl`ge bl`ks c` }hk qahlleq qsq}kb }l geelv qahlleq }l

a{} aegqq qckq% zgs ilt l`k"}l"l`k }{c}cl`% c`}tlm{ak ag}ah"{z aegqqkq% lt

}gnk l}hkt q}kzq }l k`q{tk }hg} kykts ahcem hgq }hk dkq} zlqqcdek km{ag}cl`.

Vk vcee }hktkiltk k`q{tk }hg} kykts `kcfhdl{thllm cq qktykm ds g` kxakeek`}

elage qahlle lt aleekfk.

Vk vcee?

Càtkgqk }hk i{`mc`f li }hk blq} mcqgmyg`}gfkm z{zceq% gtl{ m l`k

bceecl` ahcemtk`. Vk vcee c`ykq} 4.; dceecl` c` }hcq Z{zce Ztkbc{b }l

dllq} km{ag}cl` lzzlt}{`c}ckq ilt kykts ahcem. ]hcq cq gmmc}cl`ge bl`ks

flc`f c`}l }hk qahlleq d{mfk}% g`m hkgm}kgahktq vcee dk itkk }l qzk`m

c} c` }hk dkq} c`}ktkq}q li ahcemtk`.

]hk kx}tg bl`ks al{em dk {qkm }l a{} aegqq qckq% g}}tga} }hk dkq}

}kgahktq% liikt kx}tg l`k"}l"l`k }{c}cl` g`m ztlycmk ilt gi}kt"qahlle

g`m hlecmgs q{zzlt}. ]hcq vcee geelv g` gyktgfk ztcbgts qahlle }l a{}

aegqqkq }l 4: g`m g` gyktgfk qkal`mgts qahlle }l c`}tlm{ak ag}ah"{z

aegqqkq ilt 79: z{zceq.

Cbztlyk mcqaczec`k ds kgtes c`}ktyk`}cl` }l }ganek }hk zllt dgqca

km{ag}cl` li }hlqk ahcemtk` vhl gtk l}hktvcqk blq} ecnkes }l

bcqdkhgyk g`m dkalbk mkbl}cyg}km.

F{gtg`}kk Qzkacge Km{ag}cl`ge @kkmq (QK@# mcgf`lq}ca gqqkqqbk`}q

ilt gee ;"skgt"lemq% cbztlyk QK@ ztlycqcl` g`m cbztlyk QK@ }tgc`c`f

ilt }kgahktq.

Cbztlyk }kgahkt }tgc`c`f ds càtkgqc`f }hk qck li }hk qahlle"dgqkm

Ftgm{g}k ]kgahkt Ztlftgbbk g`m q{zzlt} }hk kxzg`qcl` li ]kgah


19/57

sl{t ecik19 Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: 16

itkkc`f qahlleq ilt kxakeekàk

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q vg`} g` km{ag}cl` qsq}kb vhktk gee qahlleq vcee hgyk

}hk itkkmlb }l c``lyg}k% `l} dk mca}g}km }l ds ak`}tge flykt`bk`}.

Vk vcee?

C`}tlm{ak g` Km{ag}cl` Itkkmlb Ga} dg``c`f zlec}cacg`q itlb fk}}c`f

c`yleykm c` }hk mgs"}l"mgs t{``c`f li qahlleq. ]kgahktq gtk hkem dgan

ds al`q}g`} flykt`bk`} c`}ktiktkàk vhcah mcq}tga}q itlb }kgahc`f.

Vk vl{em a{} }hk qck li }hk ak`}tge mkzgt}bk`} li Ahcemtk`% Qahlleq

g`m Igbceckq% g`m ila{q c}q ga}cyc}ckq l` g ikv q}tg}kfca ztcltc}ckq.

Elage g{}hltc}ckq vcee `l} t{` qahlleq% d{} vcee hgyk g ak`}tge q}tg}kfca

tlek% càe{mc`f tkqzl`qcdcec}s ilt lyktqcfh} li qahlle zktiltbgàk g`m

igct gmbcqqcl`q. ]hks vcee dk kxzka}km }l c`}ktyk`k vhktk qahlle

ekgmktqhcz lt zktiltbgàk cq vkgn.

Fcyk gee qahlleq }hk itkkmlb }l c``lyg}k. Vk vcee k`q{tk g ekyke

zegsc`f kem ilt gmbcqqcl`q g`m i{`mc`f g`m tkzegak Gagmkbckq

vc}h l{t lv` blmke li Qzl`qlt"Bg`gfkm Qahlleq. ]hkqk qahlleq

vcee dk albbcqqcl`km ds g`m gaal{`}gdek }l elage g{}hltc}ckq g`m

`l} Vhc}khgee% g`m vl{em geelv l}hkt gzztlztcg}k ztlycmktq% q{ah gq

km{ag}cl`ge ahgtc}ckq g`m zgtk`} ftl{zq% }l dk c`yleykm c` mkecyktc`f

q}g}k"i{`mkm km{ag}cl`.

Geelv zgtk`}q }l al`}c`{k }l ahllqk igc}h"dgqkm qahlleq vc}hc` }hk

q}g}k"i{`mkm qka}lt g`m geelv }hk kq}gdecqhbk`} li `kv igc}h qahlleq.

Vk vcee k`q{tk }hg} gee igc}h qahlleq mkykelz g` càe{qcyk gmbcqqcl`q

zlecas g`m k`m {ìgct mcqatcbc`g}cl` l` ftl{`mq li igc}h vhk`

tkat{c}c`f q}gii% kxakz} ilt }hlqk ztcàczgees tkqzl`qcdek ilt lz}cl`ge

tkecfcl{q c`q}t{a}cl`.

qecbbkm"mlv` itgbkvltn vhcah càe{mkq g tg`fk li km{ag}cl`ge

gzztlgahkq g`m k`l{fh fflkxcdcec}s ilt kykts sl{`f ahcem.

Gxk }hk tcfcm @g}cl`ge A{ttca{e{b% g`m tkzegak c} vc}h g qecbbkm

mlv` Bc`cb{b A{ttca{e{b K`}c}ekbk`} }l dk mkecyktkm ds kykts

q}g}k"i{`mkm qahlle.

Qagek dgan Nks Q}gfk 4 }kq}q g} gfk 77% g`m {qk }kgahkt

gqqkqqbk`}% vc}h kx}kt`ge ahkanc`f% }l cbztlyk }hk w{gec}s

li bgtnc`f.

Atkg}k g Fk`ktge Mczelbg }l dtc`f FAQKq% G"Ekykeq g m hcfh w{gec}s

ylag}cl`ge w{gecag}cl`q }lfk}hkt% k`gdec`f z{zceq }l bcx ylag}cl`ge

g`m gagmkbca ekgt`c`f.

Fcyk 7=73 skgt"lemq }hk tcfh} }l }gnk {z g al{tqk g} aleekfk%

tg}hkt }hg` g} qahlle% ci c} q{c}q }hkb dk}}kt. ]hcq vcee k`gdek gee

ahcemtk` }l ahllqk }l q}{ms% ilt kxgbzek% qkzgtg}k qackàkq lt

blmkt` eg`f{gfkq g} FAQK% lt g ylag}cl`ge q{doka}.

Qkkn }l aelqk }hk { igct i{`mc`f fgz dk}vkk` z{zceq c` qahlle qcx}h

iltbq g`m I{t}hkt Km{ag}cl` aleekfkq% gq tkql{takq geelv.

Qatgz }hk Flykt`bk`}q zeg` }l atcbc`gecqk }hlqk vhl ekgyk

km{ag}cl` dk}vkk` gfkq 79 g`m 78.

Tkiltb ekgf{k }gdekq }l fcyk zgtk`}q bltk bkg`c`fi{e cìltbg}cl`

vhcah }t{es tkfflka}q }hk zktiltbgàk li g qahlle. Qahlleq qhl{em dk

vltnc`f }l fk} }hk dkq} itlb gee }hkct z{zceq d{} flykt`bk`} ekgf{k

}gdekq gtk iltac`f }hkb }l ila{q l` }hlqk vhl gtk o{q} gdlyk lt

dkelv }hk nks A"ftgmk dltmktec`k.


20/57

sl{t ecik18 Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: 13

al{tqkq. G`m vk vcee k`q{tk }hg} gm{e}q vhl vcqh }l q}{ms% càe{mc`f }hlqk

vg`}c`f }l tk}{t` }l km{ag}cl` eg}kt l` c` ecik% gtk gdek }l ml ql vc}hl{} dkc`f

z{} lii ds }hk d{tmk` li mkd}. Vk vcee?

Qatgz {ìgct { cyktqc}s }{c}cl` ikkq ilt gee q}{mk`}q }gnc`f }hkct tq}

mkftkk% càe{mc`f }hlqk q}{msc`f zgt}"}cbk% qgyc`f }hkb lykt 7:%:::

kgah. Vk hgyk g `gàcgees tkqzl`qcdek zeg` }l zhgqk ikkq l{} lykt

qcx skgtq% ql }hg} }hk ahg`fk cq giiltmgdek kyk` c` }hkqk mcia{e}

kal`lbca }cbkq% g`m vc}hl{} a{}}c`f {`cyktqc}s càlbk. Vk vcee

cbbkmcg}kes qatgz ikkq ilt `ge skgt q}{mk`}q.

Tkiltb a{ttk`} d{tqgts qahkbkq }l atkg}k g @g}cl`ge D{tqgts Qahkbk

ilt q}{mk`}q% ql }hg} kgah {`cyktqc}s fk}q g d{tqgts d{mfk} q{c}km }l

}hk `kkmq li c}q q}{mk`}q. ]hkqk d{tqgtckq vl{em dk gvgtmkm dl}h

l` }hk dgqcq li q}{msc`f q}tg}kfca q{doka}q (q{ah gq qackàkq g`m

bg}hkbg}caq# g`m `gàcge hgtmqhcz.

Tkzegak vgq}ki{e w{g`flq (}hk Qnceeq I{`mc`f Gfkàs g`m }hk Hcfhkt

Km{ag}cl` I{`mc`f Al{àce ilt K`feg`m# vc}h g qc`fek Al{àce ilt Gm{e}

Qnceeq g`m Hcfhkt Km{ag}cl`.

Qatgz }hk gtdc}tgts }gtfk} li ;: zkt ak`} li sl{`f zklzek g}}k`mc`f

{`cyktqc}s% ila{qqc`f kiilt} c`q}kgm l` g dgegàk li aleekfk km{ag}cl`%

ylag}cl`ge }tgc`c`f g`m gzztk`}cakqhczq.

Q}gt} mcqa{qqcl`q vc}h {`cyktqc}ckq g`m qahlleq gdl{} }hk mkqcf` li

g }tcge qahkbk vhktkds }hk dkq} q}{mk`}q itlb }hk elvkq} gahckyc`f

qahlleq gtk f{gtg`}kkm g zegak c` Hcfhkt Km{ag}cl`.

Gq zgt} li l{t cbbkmcg}k old atkg}cl` zgangfk% i{`m 7;%::: kv

zegakq l` Il{`mg}cl` Mkftkk al{tqkq g`m i{ees i{`m }hk lii"}hk"old

alq}q li gm{e} gzztk`}cakqhczq% vhcah a{ttk`}es hgyk }l dk bk} ds

kbzelsktq% ilt l`k skgt.

Tkiltb }hk kxcq}c`f tcfcm `g}cl`ge zgs g`m al`mc}cl`q t{ekq }l fcyk

qahlleq g`m aleekfkq bltk itkkmlb% càe{mc`f c` liiktc`f `gàcge

g`m l}hkt càk`}cykq }l g}}tga} g`m tk}gc` kxakeek`} }kgahktq% vhcek

k`q{tc`f }hg} gee q}gii tkakcyk }hk bc`cb{b `g}cl`ge zgs gvgtm.

lzzlt}{`c}ckq g} aleekfk g`m {`cyktqc}s

]hktk qhl{em dk g vcmk tg`fk li lzzlt}{`c}ckq ilt kyktsl`k g} }hk gfk li 79.

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q dkeckyk }hg} km{ag}cl` cq cbzlt}g`} ilt gee sl{`f zklzek%

g`m vcee atkg}k% `gees% g ekyke zegsc`f kem dk}vkk` gagmkbca g`m ylag}cl`ge


21/57

sl{t ecik=: Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: =7

tkq}% qatgz Q}tg}kfca Hkge}h G{}hltc}ckq g`m qkkn }l ecbc} }hk zgs g`m

dl`{qkq li }lz @HQ bg`gfktq ql }hg} `l`k gtk zgcm bltk }hg` }hk

Ztcbk Bc`cq}kt.

Bgnk }hk @HQ vltn dk}}kt ds kx}k`mc`f dkq} ztga}cak l` cbztlyc`f

hlqzc}ge mcqahgtfk% bgxcbcqc`f }hk `{bdkt li mgs agqk lzktg}cl`q%

tkm{ac`f mkegsq ztclt }l lzktg}cl`q% g`m vhktk zlqqcdek blyc`f

al`q{e}g}cl`q c`}l }hk albb{`c}s.

C`}kftg}k hkge}h g`m qlacge agtk }l atkg}k g qkgbekqq qktycak%

k`mc`f d{tkg{atg}ca dgttcktq g`m qgyc`f bl`ks }l geelv zklzek }lq}gs c` }hkct hlbkq ilt el`fkt tg}hkt }hg` flc`f c`}l hlqzc}ge lt el`f"

}ktb tkqcmk`}cge agtk.

[qk }hk bl`ks ilt Egdl{tq fflgvkm Zktql`ge Agtk G} Hlbk Dcee

}l ztlycmk f{gtg`}kkm tkqzc}k agtk ilt }hk l`k bceecl` agtktq vhl

vltn }hk el`fkq} hl{tq. Vk vcee kq}gdecqh g` c`mkzk`mk`} albbcqqcl`%

vc}h atlqq"zgt}s q{zzlt}% }l mkykelz ztlzlqgeq ilt el`f"}ktb agtk

li }hk kemktes.

Ztcltc}cqk mkbk`}cg tkqkgtah vc}hc` }hk hkge}h tkqkgtah g`m

mkykelzbk`} d{mfk}.

Cbztlyk gaakqq }l al{`qkeec`f ilt zklzek vc}h bk`}ge hkge}h

ztldekbq% ds al`}c`{c`f }hk tlee"l{} li alf`c}cyk g`m dkhgycl{tge

}hktgzckq.

Tkm{ak }hk cee hkge}h g`m atcbk ag{qkm ds kxakqqcyk mtc`nc`f. Vk

q{zzlt} g dg` l` dkelv"alq} qkeec`f% g`m gtk c` igyl{t li }hk ztcàczek

li bc`cb{b ztcac`f% q{doka} }l mk}gcekm vltn }l kq}gdecqh hlv c}

al{em dk {qkm c` }ganec`f ztldekbq li cttkqzl`qcdek mtc`nc`f. Vk vcee

geql tkyckv }hk albzekx% cee"}hl{fh}"}htl{fh qsq}kb li }gxg}cl` ilt

Dk}}kt }gtfk} qzk`mc`f l` gm{e} qnceeq. Vk vcee k`m ]tgc` }l Fgc`

i{`mc`f ilt egtfk albzg`ckq% tkq}tca}c`f }hk i{`mq }l }hk qbgee g`m

bkmc{b"qckm tbq }hg} `kkm }hk q{zzlt}. ]hk bl`ks qgykm vcee

dk {qkm }l alykt }hk al{tqk ikkq ilt gm{e}q }gnc`f g tq} Ekyke 1

w{gecag}cl` (q{ah gq G"ekykeq lt g` gm{e} gzztk`}cakqhcz#% geelvc`f

g qcf`cag`} tkm{a}cl` c` }hk lyktgee d{mfk}.

ztl}ka}c`f g`m cbztlyc`f l{t @HQ

Vk gtk ztl{m li }hk @HQ c}q d{ce} l` }hk dgqca Dtc}cqh ztcàczek li igct`kqq.

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q dkeckyk }hg} vk ag` cbztlyk }hk @HQ> c` iga}% vk dkeckyk

c}q l{t m{}s }l ml ql g} g }cbk ecnk }hcq vhk` d{mfk}q gtk }cfh}. Vk gee n`lv

}hg} }ll b{ah ztkacl{q @HQ bl`ks cq vgq}km l` d{tkg{atgas% g`m mla}ltq

g`m `{tqkq qzk`m }ll b{ah }cbk }tsc`f }l bkk} flykt`bk`} }gtfk}q.

Ql l{t tq} ztcltc}s cq }l c atkgqk qzk`mc f c qlbk zgt}q li }hk @HQ ds a{}}c f

vgq}k c` l}hktq. Vk hgyk cmk`}ckm qzkaca qgyc`fq }hg} ag` dk bgmk c`

bg`gfkbk`} alq}q% d{tkg{atgas g`m w{g`flq% g`m vk vcee tkc ykq} }hg} bl`ks

dgan c`}l }hk hkge}h agtk sl{ kkm. Dkag{qk li }hk tcqc`f alq}q li }tkg}bk`}q

g`m g` gfkc`f zlz{eg}cl`% }hktk vcee dk zgt}ca{egt ztkqq{tk l` qktycakq ecnk

agàkt }tkg}bk`}% bk`}ge hkge}h agtk% bg}kt`c}s qktycakq% g`m mkbk`}cg

agtk> lès ds flc`f }htl{fh }hcq ztlakqq li `mc`f qgyc`fq keqkvhktk ag` vk

ztl}ka} }hkqk qktycakq c` }hk albc`f skgtq. ]hk @HQ cq g h{fk qsq}kb% g`m

vk vcee bgnk ahg`fkq }l k`q{tk c} vltnq gq kiika}cykes gq zlqqcdek.

Vk vcee?

Fcyk ztcltc}s }l ztkyk`}c`f zklzek fk}}c`f cee ds ec`nc`f zgsbk`}q }l

hkge}h dlgtmq g`m FZq bltk mctka}es }l ztkyk`}cl` bkgq{tkq.

A{} }hk qck li }hk Mkzgt}bk`} li Hkge}h ds hgei% gdlecqh { `kakqqgts

w{g`flq q{ah gq Al``ka}c`f ilt Hkge}h g`m a{} }hk d{mfk}q li }hk


22/57

sl{t ecik=4 Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: =1

Kbzlvktc`f elage albb{`c}ckq }l cbztlyk hkge}h qktycakq }htl{fh

keka}km Elage Hkge}h Dlgtmq% vhcah vcee }gnk lykt }hk tlek li Ztcbgts

Agtk ]t{q} dlgtmq c` albbcqqcl`c`f agtk ilt elage zklzek% vltnc`f

c` al"lzktg}cl` vc}h elage al{àceq. Lykt }cbk% Elage Hkge}h Dlgtmq

qhl{em dk gdek }l }gnk l` ftkg}kt tkqzl`qcdcec}s ilt tkyk`{k g`m

tkql{takq }l geelv elage zklzek }l i{`m elage qktycakq vhcah `kkm

kx}tg bl`ks.

Fcyc`f kykts zg}ck`} }hk tcfh} }l ahllqk }l tkfcq}kt vc}h }hk FZ }hks

vg`}% vc}hl{} dkc`f tkq}tca}km ds vhktk }hks ecyk% g`m }hk tcfh} }l

gaakqq }hkct FZ ds kbgce.

K`q{tc`f }hg} elage FZq gtk mctka}es c`yleykm c` ztlycmc`f l{}"li"

hl{tq agtk.

Tkiltbc`f zgsbk`}q }l FZq ql }hg} }hlqk vhl gaakz} zg}ck`}q itlb

gtkgq vc}h }hk vltq} hkge}h g`m mkztcyg}cl` qaltkq tkakcyk g` kx}tg

zgsbk`} ilt kgah l`k }hks }gnk.

Fcyc`f Elage Hkge}h Dlgtmq }hk itkkmlb }l albbcqqcl` qktycakq

ilt elage zklzek itlb g tg`fk li mciiktk`} }szkq li ztlycmkt% càe{mc`f

ilt kxgbzek q}gii al"lzktg}cykq% l` }hk dgqcq li g ekyke zegsc`f kem

c` g`s albzk}c}cyk }k`mktc`f k`mc`f g`s a{ttk`} dcgq c` igyl{t li

ztcyg}k ztlycmktq.

w{gec}s agtk ilt gee zg}ck`}q

Vk gee `kkm }l dk gqq{tkm }hg}% ci vk dkalbk {`vkee% }hk agtk vk fk} vcee

dk li fllm w{gec}s. Blq} li gee% vk `kkm }l dk al`mk`} }hg} l{t qgik}s albkq

tq}% g`m }hg} }hk }tkg}bk`} vk fk} mlkq`} z{} {q c` bltk mg`fkt. Vk vcee

c`}tlm{ak g qktckq li tkiltbq }l cbztlyk zg}ck`} qgik}s.

gealhle }l k`q{tk c} }ganekq dc`fk mtc`nc`f vc}hl{} {ìgctes zk`gecqc`f

tkqzl`qcdek mtc`nktq% z{dq g`m cbzlt}g`} elage c`m{q}tckq.

Qgyk ecykq g`m tkm{ak ztkqq{tk l` @HQ d{mfk}q ds a{}}c`f gct

zlee{}cl`. Vk vcee agàke zeg`q ilt g }hctm t{`vgs g} Hkg}htlv g`m

l}hkt gctzlt} kxzg`qcl` c` }hk Ql{}h Kgq}% g`m tkm{ak zlee{}cl` itlb

ykhcaek kxhg{q}q }htl{fh }cfh}kt tkf{eg}cl`. Vk vcee gcb }l i{ees bkk}

K{tlzkg` gct w{gec}s }gtfk}q ds 4:74.

bltk al`}tle lykt }hk hkge}h agtk sl{ `kkm

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q dkeckyk }hg} l`k cbzlt}g`} vgs }l cbztlyk }hk @HQ cq }l

bgnk agtk fflkxcdek% mkqcf`km }l q{c} vhg} zg}ck`}q `kkm% `l} vhg} bg`gfktq

vg`}. G`m vk dkeckyk }hg} agtk vl{em cbztlyk ci elage zklzek hgm bltk

al`}tle lykt hlv }hkct hkge}h qktycakq vktk t{`.

]hk @HQ li}k` ikkeq }ll tkbl}k g`m albzekx. Elage qktycakq kqzkacgees

bg}kt`c}s vgtmq g`m gaacmk`} g`m kbktfkàs mkzgt}bk`}q nkkz dkc`f

aelqkm% kyk` }hl{fh elage zklzek mkqzktg}kes vg`} }hkb }l q}gs lzk`. Zklzek

li}k` q}t{ffek }l fk} al`yk`ck`} gaakqq }l FZ qktycakq% g`m zlltkt gtkgq gtk

ekqq vkee qktykm ds }hk @HQ% al`}tcd{}c`f }l vcmk`c`f hkge}h c`kw{gec}ckq.

Vk vcee ahg`fk }hcq ds?

Qhgtzes tkm{ac`f ak`}tgecqkm }gtfk}q g`m d{tkg{atgas% tkzegac`f

}hkb vc}h k`}c}ekbk`}q f{gtg`}kkc`f }hg} zg}ck`}q fk} mcgf`lqcq g`m

}tkg}bk`} l` }cbk. Ci }hks ml `l}% }hk @HQ vcee zgs ilt }hk }tkg}bk`}

}l dk ztlycmkm ztcyg}kes.

Z{}}c`f itl`}"ec`k q}gii c` ahgtfk li }hkct vgtm lt {`c} d{mfk}q%

g`m geelvc`f q}gii }l kq}gdecqh kbzelskk }t{q}q fcyc`f }hkb tkge

c`yleykbk`} g`m g qgs lykt hlv }hkct qktycak cq t{`.


23/57

sl{t ecik== Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: =;

Vk vcee?

Tkw{ctk hlqzc}geq }l dk lzk` gdl{} bcq}gnkq% g`m gevgsq }kee zg}ck`}q

ci qlbk}hc`f hgq fl`k vtl`f.

Bgnk c} ceekfge ilt g Elage Hkge}h Dlgtm }l geelv g mla}lt }l vltn c`

}hk [N vc}hl{} zgqqc`f tld{q} eg`f{gfk g`m albzk}kàk }kq}q.

Aegbz mlv` l` g`sl`k vhl cq gfftkqqcyk lt gd{qcyk }l q}gii c`

gaacmk`} g`m kbktfkàs mkzgt}bk`}q. Vk vl{em kàl{tgfk dk}}kt

vltnc`f tkeg}cl`qhczq dk}vkk` hlqzc}geq g`m }hk elage zlecak }lztlycmk g` càtkgqkm zlecak ztkqkàk g} }cbkq li hcfh tcqn% g`m

càtkgqk ztlqka{}cl`q. G} }hk qgbk }cbk% vk vcee k`q{tk }hg} ztldekb

mtc`nktq lt q{dq}gàk gd{qktq gtk tkikttkm ilt gzztlztcg}k }tkg}bk`}.

C} cq mkkzes mcqgzzlc`}c`f }hg} }hk Flykt`bk`} hgq igcekm }l ztlycmk gmkw{g}k

q{zzlt} ilt }hlqk giika}km ds }hk al`}gbc`g}cl` li dellm ztlm{a}q vc}h HCY.

G Ecdktge Mkblatg} flykt`bk`} vcee kq}gdecqh g vltnc`f ftl{z c`yleyc`f zg}ck`}

ftl{zq }l mk}ktbc`k gzztlztcg}k ekykeq li `gàcge gqqcq}gàk.

gaakqq }l a{e}{tk g`m qzlt}

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q dkeckyk }hg} }hk gt}q gtk g ak`}tge zgt} li acyca g`m

albb{`c}s ecik. ]hks al`}tcd{}k }l c``lyg}cl`% km{ag}cl`% mcyktqc}s% g`m qlacge

càe{qcl`% g`m }hk atkg}cyk c`m{q}tckq gtk l`k li }hk igq}kq} ftlvc`f qka}ltq

li }hk kal`lbs. Dtc}gc`q a{e}{tk g`m hktc}gfk zegs g yc}ge tlek c` g}}tga}c`f

ycqc}ltq }l }hk [N g`m dllq}c`f }hk ykts cbzlt}g`} }l{tcqb c`m{q}ts. Vk vcee

ilq}kt g` k`yctl`bk`} c` vhcah gee iltbq li atkg}cyc}s gtk gdek }l ffll{tcqh.

Vk gtk ztl{m }hg} Dtc}gc` cq hlq}c`f }hk Lesbzca g`m Zgtgesbzca Fgbkq

c` 4:74% g`m vk q{zzlt} dcmq ilt l}hkt hcfh"ztlek kyk`}q q{ah gq }hk 4:78

Vltem A{z d{} vk dkeckyk }hg} ftgqqtll}q qzlt} cq o{q} gq cbzlt}g`}. Vk

vcee fcyk zklzek itlb gee dganftl{`mq g`m fk`ktg}cl`q }hk lzzlt}{`c}s }l

zgt}caczg}k c` qzlt}q.


Bgc`}gc` itkk k }ts }l `g}cl`ge b{qk{bq g`m fgeektckq g`m lzk` {z

}hk Flykt`bk`} Gt} Aleeka}cl` ilt ftkg}kt z{deca {qk.

Qk} {z g Atkg}cyk K`}ktztcqk I{`m liiktc`f }tgc`c`f% bk`}ltc`f g`m

qbgee ftg`}q lt elg`q }l hkez atkg}cyk d{qc`kqqkq fk} lii }hk ftl{`m.


24/57

sl{t ecik=9 Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: =6

A{} tkm }gzk ilt z{}}c`f l` ecyk b{qca. Vk vcee tkc`}tlm{ak }hk

t{ek geelvc`f }vl zktiltbktq li {`gbzeckm b{qca c` g`s ecak`qkm

ztkbcqkq vc}hl{} }hk `kkm ilt g` k`}kt}gc`bk`} ecakàk% geelv ecak`qkm

yk`{kq ilt {z }l 4:: zklzek }l hlq} ecyk b{qca vc}hl{} }hk `kkm ilt

g` k`}kt}gc`bk`} ecakàk% g`m tkblyk }hk tkw{ctkbk`} ilt qahlleq

g`m hlqzc}geq }l gzzes ilt g ecakàk.

Tkiltb }hk @g}cl`ge El}}kts. Vk vcee ahg fk }hk vgs }hk @g}cl`ge

El}}kts cq }gxkm itlb g }cank} }gx }l g ftlqq ztl}q }gx% vhcah cq

iltkagq} }l mkecykt bltk ilt fllm ag{qkq g`m }hk Kxahkw{kt.

[qk agqh c` mltbg`} dk}}c`f gaal{`}q }l qk} {z g agzc}ge i{`m ilt

cbztlyc`f elage qzlt}q igacec}ckq g`m q{zzlt}c`f qzlt}q ae{dq.

Aelqk ellzhlekq }hg} geelv zegsc`f kemq }l dk qlem lt d{ce} {zl`

vc}hl{} flc`f }htl{fh }hk `ltbge zeg``c`f ztlakm{tkq.

G q}tl`f g`m mcyktqk bkmcg% itkk itlb flykt`bk`} c`}ktiktkàk g`m ztkqq{tk

cq kqqk`}cge }l g itkk g`m mkblatg}ca qlack}s. Vk vcee?

K`q{tk }hg} }hk DDA tkbgc`q q}tl`f% itkk itlb c`}ktiktkàk g`m

qka{tkes i{`mkm% `l} ekgq} }l ztlycmk cbzgt}cge `kvq% c`mkzk`mk`} li

zlec}cage g`m albbktacge ztkqq{tkq. Vk vcee geql k`q{tk }hg} }hk DDA

mlkq `l} {`mktbc`k }hk ycgdcec}s li l}hkt bkmcg ztlycmktq }htl{fh

{ìgct albzk}c}cl` dgqkm l` c}q z{deca i{`mc`f g`m mlbc`g`} zlqc}cl`.

Q{zzlt} g mcyktqk tkfcl`ge g`m elage bkmcg. Vk vcee hkez }l bgc`}gc`

c`mkzk`mk`} elage ql{takq li `kvq g`m cìltbg}cl` ds k`gdec`f

zgt}`ktqhczq dk}vkk` ]Y% tgmcl g`m `kvqzgzkt albzg`ckq }l tkm{ak

alq}q% g`m ds ecbc}c`f z{decaes"q{dqcmcqkm albzk}c}cl` ilt zgcm

gmykt}cqc`f itlb elage al{àce itkk"qhkk}q.


25/57

Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: =3

g igct mkge ilt igbceckq li kykts qhgzk g`m qck

C` Dtc}gc` }lmgs% igbceckq albk c` gee qhgzkq g`m qckq. Ecdktge Mkblatg}q

dkeckyk kykts igbces qhl{em fk} }hk q{zzlt} c} `kkmq }l }htcyk% itlb hkez

vc}h ahcemagtk }htl{fh }l dk}}kt q{zzlt} ilt agtktq g`m kemktes zgtk`}q.

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q vcee cbztlyk ecik ilt sl{t igbces. L` }lz li l{t }gx a{}q }l

z{} 6:: c` }hk zlank}q li bceecl`q li elv g`m bcmmek"càlbk kgt`ktq% vk

vcee geelv b{bq g`m mgmq }l qhgtk zgtk`}ge ekgyk dk}vkk` }hkb ql }hks

ag` gttg`fk igbces ecik c` }hk vgs }hg} q{c}q }hkb dkq}. Vk vcee ztlycmk dk}}kt

q{zzlt} ilt ahcemtk` g} tcqn g`m sl{`f gm{e}q }l hkez }hkb }htcyk. Vk vcee

tkq}ltk }hk kgt`c`fq ec`n ilt zk`qcl`q% g`m liikt tkqzc}k dtkgnq ilt agtktq.

G`m vk vcee ztl}ka} igbceckq itlb {ìgct dceeq.

hkez ilt igbceckq tcfh} itlb }hk q}gt}

]hk tq} vkknq% bl`}hq g`m skgtq gi}kt g ahcem cq dlt` gtk k`ltbl{qes

cbzlt}g`}% d{} }hk q{zzlt} gttg`fkbk`}q gtk qcbzes }ll c`fflkxcdek g} }hk

blbk`}. Vhk` g dgds cq dlt`% }hk bl}hkt fk}q g skgtq ekgyk g`m }hk ig}hkt

fk}q o{q} }vl vkknq% bkg`c`f }hk bl}hkt hgq }l }gnk }hk ecl`q qhgtk li }hk

tkqzl`qcdcec}s% kyk` ci }hkct zgt}`kt vl{em tg}hkt qhgtk }hc`fq bltk kw{gees.


Fcyk ig}hktq }hk tcfh} }l }cbk lii ilt g`}k"`g}ge gzzlc`}bk`}q.

Geelv zgtk`}q }l qhgtk }hk geelag}cl` li bg}kt`c}s g`m zg}kt`c}s ekgyk

dk}vkk` }hkb c` vhg}kykt vgs q{c}q }hkb dkq}.

Ztl}ka} kxcq}c`f ahcemagtk q{zzlt} gttg`fkbk`}q {`}ce }hk `g}cl`q

`gàkq ag` q{zzlt} g el`fkt }ktb qle{}cl`? g blyk }l 4: hl{tq

itkk ahcemagtk ilt kykts ahcem% itlb }hk gfk li 78 bl`}hq.

sl{t igbces.C` Dtc}gc`

}lmgs% igbceckq albk c` gee

qhgzkq g`m qckq. Ecdktge

Mkblatg}q dkeckyk kykts

igbces qhl{em fk} }hkq{zzlt} c} `kkmq }l }htcyk.


26/57

sl{t igbces;: Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: ;7

Qkkn }l kx}k`m }hk zktclm li qhgtkm zgtk`}ge ekgyk {z }l 78 bl`}hq

vhk` tkql{takq g`m kal`lbca acta{bq}gàkq ge elv.

Q{zzlt} kiilt}q ds ahcemagtk ztlycmktq }l kàl{tgfk bltk bk` }l

vltn c` }hcq h{fkes cbzlt}g`} g`m {`mktyge{km ztlikqqcl`.

Kx}k`m }hk tcfh} }l tkw{kq} fflkxcdek vltnc`f }l gee kbzelskkq% bgnc`f

c} kgqckt ilt ftg`mzgtk`}q% ilt kxgbzek% }l }gnk g agtc`f tlek.

hkezc`f igbceckq q}gs q}tl`fKykts ahcem mkqktykq g hgzzs ecik itkk itlb zlykt}s g`m itkk itlb ikgt.

Ahcemtk` igak }ll bg`s mcia{e}ckq c` }lmgsq Dtc}gc`> }hk Flykt`bk`} cq flc`f

}l igee igt qhlt} li c}q }gtfk} }l a{} ahcem zlykt}s% g`m sl{`f zklzek hgyk dkk`

mkbl`cqkm ds g fk`ktg}cl` li zlec}cacg`q bltk c`}ktkq}km c` ql{`mc`f }l{fh

}hg` c` liiktc`f hkez. Ahcemtk` gtk geql }hk bgc` yca}cbq li igbces dtkgnmlv`.


Bgc`}gc` }hk albbc}bk`} }l k`m ahcem zlykt}s c` }hk [N ds 4:4:.

Càltzltg}k }hk [@ Al`yk`}cl` l` }hk Tcfh}q li }hk Ahcem c`}l [N egv%

k`mc`f }hk mk}k`}cl` li ahcemtk` ilt cbbcftg}cl` z{tzlqkq.

K`hgàk ahcem ztl}ka}cl`. Vk vcee kìltak }hk z{decag}cl` li g`

g`l`sbcqkm yktqcl` li Qktcl{q Agqk Tkyckvq }l k`q{tk }hg} ekqql`q

gtk ekgt`km.

Q{zzlt} }hk ldoka}cyk li g} ekgq} g 6: zkt ak`} tkm{a}cl` c` ahcem

bge}tkg}bk`} ds 4:1:% ztlbl}km ds }hk VGYK }t{q}.

Hkez ztl}ka} ahcemtk` g`m sl{`f zklzek itlb mkykelzc`f kfg}cyk

dlms cbgfkq ds tkf{eg}c`f gctdt{qhc`f c` gmykt}q.

]ganek lèc`k d{eesc`f ds dganc`f w{can"tkzlt} d{}}l`q l` qlacge`k}vltnc`f qc}kq% k`gdec`f liik`qcyk zlq}c`fq }l dk qzkkmces tkblykm.

Q}tk`f}hk` }hk Sl{}h Qktycak ds bgnc`f c} g q}g}{}lts qktycak% g`m ds

kàl{tgfc`f elage g{}hltc}ckq }l ztlycmk sl{}h qktycakq c` zgt}`ktqhcz

vc}h sl{`f zklzek g`m }hk yle{`}gts qka}lt.

Qk} }hk bc`cb{b vgfk g} }hk qgbk ekyke ilt gee vltnktq lykt 79

(kxakz} ilt }hlqk l` gzztk`}cakqhczq#.


27/57

sl{t igbces;4 Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: ;1

C`}tlm{ak g Mkig{e} Al`}ga} Gttg`fkbk`} vhcah vl{em mcycmk

}hk ahcemq }cbk dk}vkk` }hkct }vl zgtk`}q c` }hk kyk`} li igbces

dtkgnmlv`% ci }hktk cq `l }htkg} }l }hk qgik}s li }hk ahcem.

mcf`c}s g`m qka{tc}s c` eg}kt ecik

]hk vgs lemkt zklzek gtk }tkg}km cq }hk bgtn li g igct qlack}s. Lemkt zklzek

hgyk vltnkm hgtm g`m al`}tcd{}km }l qlack}s ilt mkagmkq> }hks mkqktyk g

igct mkge. Ecdktge Mkblatg}q vcee càtkgqk }hk c`gmkw{g}k dgqca q}g}k zk`qcl`

g`m k`q{tk igct }tkg}bk`} ilt kyktsl`k itlb flykt`bk`}% z{deca qktycakq g`md{qc`kqq gecnk.

]hg} cq vhs Ecdktge Mkblatg}q vcee?

Cbbkmcg}kes tkq}ltk }hk ec`n dk}vkk` }hk dgqca q}g}k zk`qcl` g`m

kgt`c`fq. Vk vcee {ztg}k }hk q}g}k zk`qcl` g``{gees ds vhcahkykt cq

}hk hcfhkt li ftlv}h c` kgt`c`fq% ftlv}h c` ztcakq lt 4.; zkt ak`}.

Càtkgqk }hk càlbk }gx }htkqhlem }l 7:%:::% qgyc`f blq}

zk`qcl`ktq gtl{`m 7:: g skgt.

Liikt g vkknq tkqzc}k ilt }hk l`k bceecl` agtktq vhl qzk`m ;: hl{tq

kykts vkkn ellnc`f gi}kt g qcan tkeg}cyk.

Qatgz albz{eqlts tk}ctkbk`} gfkq% geelvc`f }hlqk vhl vcqh }lal`}c`{k c` vltn }l ml ql.

Fcyk sl{ al`}tle lykt sl{t lv` zk`qcl` ds qatgzzc`f }hk t{ekq }hg}

albzke sl{ }l d{s g` g``{c}s vhk` sl{ tkgah 6;.

C` }hk el`f }ktb% gcb }l dtc`f c` g Ac}ck`q Zk`qcl` }hg} vcee dk zgcm

}l gee [N ac}ck`q vhl gtk el`f"}ktb tkqcmk`}q% qk} g} }hk ekyke li }hk

Zk`qcl` Atkmc}% }hl{fh }hcq ag` lès dk ml`k vhk` tkql{takq geelv.

Dkfc` g `g}cl`ge ztlftgbbk }l c`q{eg}k bg`s bltk hlbkq zgcm ilt ds

}hk qgyc`fq itlb elvkt k`ktfs dceeq.

]hktk cq g i{t}hkt% qktcl{q% el`f"}ktb atcqcq igac`f lemkt zklzek? }hk

q{q}gc`gdcec}s li }hk qsq}kbq ilt ztlycmc`f el`f"}ktb agtk. C} cq {`gaakz}gdek

}hg} }hcq ahgeek`fk hgq dkk` }tkg}km gq g zlec}cage ill}dgee. G Ecdktge Mkblatg}

Flykt`bk`} vl{em cbbkmcg}kes kq}gdecqh g` c`mkzk`mk`} albbcqqcl` }l

mkykelz i{}{tk ztlzlqgeq ilt el`f"}ktb agtk }hg} vcee g}}tga} gee"zgt}s q{zzlt}

g`m ql dk q{q}gc`gdek. Vk dkeckyk }hg} }hk kyk`}{ge qle{}cl` b{q} dk dgqkml` }hk ztcàczekq li igct`kqq% giiltmgdcec}s g`m q{q}gc`gdcec}s.

g igct mkge ilt al`q{bktq

Vhcek lzk` bgtnk}q {q{gees mkecykt lzzlt}{`c}s g`m ztlqzktc}s% qlbk}cbkq

bgtnk}q igce g`m al`q{bktq gtk dgmes }tkg}km ds dcf d{qc`kqq. ]hk dg`nq

hgyk kxzelc}km }hkct zlqc}cl` li zlvkt }l cbzlqk {ìgct ahgtfkq. K`ktfs dceeq

gtk igt }ll kxzk`qcyk ilt bg`s zklzek% g`m q{zzecktq hgyk `l} ml`k k`l{fh

}l ztl}ka} }hlqk vhl ag``l} giiltm }l nkkz vgtb.

Vk vcee?

Ahg`fk }hk }gtciiq {qkm ds k`ktfs q{zzes albzg`ckq ql }hg} }hk tq}%

kqqk`}cge% k`ktfs sl{ {qk cq }hk ahkgzkq}. Vkee k`q{tk }hg} kiika}cyk

k`ktfs kiackàs bkgq{tkq gtk c`}tlm{akm }l nkkz dceeq elv g`m }hg}qlacge }gtciiq gtk gygcegdek }l f{gtg`}kk }hk dkq} ztcak ilt gee }hlqk c`

blq} `kkm. Vk vcee qkkn }l kx}k`m ztl}ka}cl` g`m q{zzlt} }l lii"fgq"

ftcm al`q{bktq.

Gmmtkqq {ìgct`kqq c` vg}kt ahgtfkq ds al`q{e}c`f l` }hk

cbzekbk`}g}cl` li }hk Vgenkt Tkyckv vhcah tkalbbk`mkm ga}cl` }l

mkge vc}h tkfcl`ge {ìgct`kqq c` vg}kt ahgtfkq.


28/57

sl{t igbces;= Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: ;;

Ekfcqeg}k }l k`m {ìgct dg`n g`m `gàcge }tg`qga}cl` ahgtfkq% ql

sl{ ag``l} dk ahgtfkm bltk }hg` }hk alq}q cà{ttkm.

Cbztlyk gaakqq }l dg`nc`f ilt gee vc}h g Zlq}Dg`n% tkyk`{kq itlb

vhcah vcee geql hkez }l qka{tk }hk i{}{tk li }hk Zlq} Liak.

Cbzlqk bgxcb{b c`}ktkq} tg}kq ilt atkmc} agtmq g`m q}ltk agtmq%

ileelvc f al`q{e}g}cl` vc}h }hk `gàcge c m{q}ts g`m al`q{bkt ftl{zq.

C`}tlm{ak g [`cyktqge Qktycak Almk }l qka{tk hcfh"w{gec}s a{q}lbkt

qktycak c` }hk ztcyg}k g`m z{deca qka}ltq% ilt kxgbzek ds tkw{ctc`f }hg}

}hk a{q}lbkt qktycak zhl`k `{bdkt cq itkk itlb bldcekq g`m eg`mec`kq.

Tkw{ctk g elage albzk}c}cl` }kq} ilt gee zeg``c`f gzzecag}cl`q ilt `kv

tk}gce mkykelzbk`}q g`m kq}gdecqh g elage albzk}c}cl` liak vc}hc` }hk

Liak li Igct ]tgmc`f }l c`ykq}cfg}k g`}c"albzk}c}cyk ztga}cakq g} g

elage g`m tkfcl`ge ekyke.

Tkw{ctk gctec`kq }l dk hl`kq} g`m {zitl`} gdl{} ztcac`f% k`mc`f }hk

ztga}cak li gmmc`f hcmmk` ahgtfkq.

A{} tgce igtkq% ahg`fc`f }hk t{ekq c` al`}tga}q vc}h ]tgc` Lzktg}c`f

Albzg`ckq ql }hg} tkf{eg}km igtkq igee dkhc`m c`fflg}cl` ds 7 zkt ak`}

kgah skgt% bkg`c`f g tkge"}ktbq a{}.

Bgnk @k}vltn Tgce tki{`m g }hctm li sl{t }cank} ztcak ci sl{ hgyk }l

}gnk g tgce tkzegakbk`} d{q qktycak.

Tkf{eg}k }hk zgtnc`f qsq}kb }l tkblyk {ìgct`kqq g`m q}lz ztcyg}k

qka}lt vhkke"aegbzc`f.

k`hgàkm ztl}ka}cl` ilt g`cbgeq

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q dkeckyk }hg} lv`ktqhcz g`m {qk li g`cbgeq cq g

tkqzl`qcdcec}s }hg} qhl{em `l} dk gd{qkm.

Vk vcee?

Bktfk kxcq}c`f w{g`flq }l kq}gdecqh g` G`cbge Ztl}ka}cl` Albbcqqcl`

}l c`ykq}cfg}k gd{qkq% km{ag}k }hk z{deca g`m kìltak }hk egv> c} vcee

geql dk gdek }l z{decqh tkzlt}q l` c}q lv` c`c}cg}cyk.

K`m }kq}c`f li hl{qkhlem ztlm{a}q l` g`cbgeq.

Vltn ilt }hk ztlzkt k iltakbk`} li tkf{eg}cl`q ilt }hk }tg`qzlt}g}cl`

li ecyk g`cbgeq gatlqq gee K[ bkbdkt q}g}kq.


29/57

Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: ;6

qka{tc`f Dtc}gc`q i{}{tk vc}h feldge ga}cl`

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q dkeckyk }hg} Dtc}gc` b{q} vltn }lfk}hkt vc}h c}q zgt}`ktq

gdtlgm ci vk gtk }l hgyk }hk dkq} hlzk li bkk}c`f }hk ahgeek`fkq }hk vltem

igakq. Vk dkeckyk c` itkkmlb% o{q}cak% ztlqzktc}s g`m h{bg` tcfh}q ilt gee g`m

vcee ml gee vk ag` }l vltn }lvgtmq g vltem vhktk }hkqk hlzkq dkalbk tkgec}s.

@kykt hgq }hktk dkk` q{ah g `kkm ilt feldge ga}cl`. ]hktk gtk lès g ikv

skgtq }l }gnk ga}cl` }l q}lz t{`gvgs aecbg}k ahg`fk. ]hk feldge tkakqqcl`

ztlykm }hk `kkm ilt dk}}kt c`}kt`g}cl`ge tkf{eg}cl` li }hk `gàcge bgtnk}q.

@kv qka{tc}s }htkg}q gtk kbktfc`f% ilt vhcah Dtc}gc`q gtbkm iltakq gtk

`l} sk} i{ees kw{czzkm% vhceq} }kttltcq}q g`m ltfg`cqkm atcbc`geq kxzelc}

c`}kt`g}cl`ge `k}vltnq. ]hk ahgeek`fk li }ganec`f feldge zlykt}s tkbgc`q%

vc}h }hk Bceek``c{b Mkykelzbk`} Flgeq q}cee igt itlb dkc`f gahckykm. G`m

}hk dg}}ek ilt h{bg` tcfh}q tkbgc`q }l dk il{fh} c` bg`s al{`}tckq.

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q vcee vltn }htl{fh }hk K{tlzkg` [`cl` }l mkecykt g feldge

mkge l` aecbg}k ahg`fk. Vk vcee }tg`qiltb }hk gtbkm iltakq% bkk}c`f }hk

`g}cl`q ldecfg}cl`q {`mkt }hk bcec}gts alyk`g`}% g`m al`m{a}c`f g i{ee

mkikàk tkyckv }l k`q{tk }hks gtk kw{czzkm ilt blmkt` }htkg}q. Vk vcee

z{qh ilt dk}}kt feldge `gàcge tkf{eg}cl . Vk vcee q}tcyk ilt feldge `{aekgt

mcqgtbgbk`}% qhlvc`f ekgmktqhcz ds albbc}}c`f `l} }l tkzegak }hk ]tcmk`}

`{aekgt vkgzl`q qsq}kb l` g ecnk"ilt"ecnk dgqcq. Vk vcee bkk} }hk [Nq

ldecfg}cl`q }l }hk mkykelzc`f vltem ds albbc}}c`f }l qzk`mc`f :.6 zkt ak`}

li F@C l` gcm. G`m vk vcee z{} Dtc}gc` g} }hk hkgt} li K{tlzk% }l k`q{tk vk

{qk l{t c`ffl{kàk }l gahckyk ztlqzktc}s% qka{tc}s g`m lzzlt}{`c}s ilt Dtc}gc`.

}ganec`f aecbg}k ahg`fk

Aecbg}k ahg`fk cq }hk ftkg}kq} ahgeek`fk igac`f }hcq fk`ktg}cl`. Ecdktge

Mkblatg}q gtk {`vgyktc`f c` l{t albbc}bk`}? t{`gvgs aecbg}k ahg`fk

b{q} dk q}lzzkm% g`m zlec}cacg`q b{q} ileelv }hk qackàk c` ltmkt }l bgnk

}hg} hgzzk`.

sl{t vltem.Dtc}gc` b{q}

vltn }lfk}hkt vc}h l{t zgt}`ktq

gdtlgm ci vk gtk }l hgyk }hk

dkq} hlzk li bkk}c`f }hk

ahgeek`fkq }hk vltem igakq.Vk dkeckyk c` itkkmlb% o{q}cak%

ztlqzktc}s g`m h{bg` tcfh}q

ilt gee g`m vcee ml gee vk ag` }l

vltn }lvgtmq g vltem vhktk

}hkqk hlzkq dkalbk tkgec}s.

Gdlyk gee% aecbg}k ahg`fk cq}hk ftkg}kq} ahgeek`fk igac`f

}hcq fk`ktg}cl`.


30/57

sl{t vltem;8 Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: ;3

K`feg`m g`m Qal}eg`m ql }hg} }hks ag` bg`{iga}{tk liiqhltk vc`m

}{tdc`kq g`m l}hkt bgtc`k tk`kvgdek k`ktfs kw{czbk`}.

Eg{àh g` Kal Agqh"Dgan qahkbk% ilt l k skgt l es% vhcah vcee

fcyk sl{ =:: ci sl{ c`q}gee ml{dek fegc`f% tkzegak g` lem dlcekt% lt

c`q}gee bcatl"fk`ktg}cl`. Ci sl{ ahllqk bcatl"fk`ktg}cl`% sl{ vcee dk

gdek }l qkee }hk k`ktfs dgan }l }hk @g}cl`ge Ftcm g} g ztl}% vc}h g

bltk g}}tga}cyk ikkm"c` }gtcii }hg` {`mkt a{ttk`} flykt`bk`} zeg`q.

Qk} gqcmk kx}tg bl`ks ilt qahlleq }l cbztlyk }hk k`ktfs kiackàs

li }hkct d{cemc`fq. ]hks vcee zgs dgan }hk elg` lykt }cbk itlb k`ktfsqgyc`fq% atkg}c`f g tleec`f i{`m }l hkez c`q{eg}k gee z{deca d{cemc`fq.

C`ykq} 7=: bceecl` c` g d{q qatgzzgfk qahkbk }hg} hkezq d{q

albzg`ckq }l tkzegak lem zlee{}c`f d{qkq vc}h `kv elv"agtdl` l`kq

g`m atkg}kq oldq.

Delan g`s kv alge"tkm zlvkt q}g}cl`q }hk blq} zlee{}c`f iltb li

zlvkt fk`ktg}cl` {èkqq }hks gtk gaalbzg`ckm ds }hk hcfhkq} ekyke

li agtdl` agz}{tk g`m q}ltgfk igacec}ckq.

Tkoka} g `kv fk`ktg}cl` li {aekgt zlvkt q}g}cl`q> dgqkm l` }hk

kycmkàk `{aekgt cq g igt bltk kxzk`qcyk vgs li tkm{ac`f agtdl`

kbcqqcl`q }hg` ztlbl}c`f k`ktfs al`qktyg}cl` g`m tk`kvgdek k`ktfs.

Cbztlyk k`ktfs kiackàs c` }hk albbktacge g`m z{deca qka}ltq% ds

q}tk`f}hk`c`f }hk Agtdl` Tkm{a}cl` Albbc}bk`} K`ktfs Kiackàs

Qahkbk g`m tkw{ctc`f albzg`ckq g`m flykt`bk`} mkzgt}bk`}q }l

tkzlt} l` }hkct k`ktfs {qk g`m qk} }gtfk}q ilt tkm{ac`f c}. Vk vcee qk}

g 1: zkt ak`} k`ktfs kiackàs cbztlykbk`} }gtfk} ilt 4:4:% g`m

vcee albbc} }hk flykt`bk`} }l }hk flgeq li }hk 7:?7: agbzgcf` gq

g tq} q}kz.

Vk vcee qk} g }gtfk} ilt g ktl"agtdl` Dtc}gc` }hg} mlkq`} al`}tcd{}k g} gee }l

feldge vgtbc`f bgnc`f }hk Dtc}cqh kal`lbs agtdl`"`k{}tge lyktgee ds 4:;:%

tkm{ac`f agtdl` kbcqqcl`q c` }hk [N ds lykt =: zkt ak`} li 733: ekykeq ds

4:4: gq g q}kz l` }hk vgs.

L{t tkqzl`qk }l aecbg}k ahg`fk vcee fcyk }hk Dtc}cqh zklzek bltk qka{tk

k`ktfs q{zzeckq% tkm{ak gct zlee{}cl` g`m tkeg}km hkge}h alq}q g`m atkg}k

}hl{qg`mq li `kv oldq.


Dkfc` g }k`"skgt ztlftgbbk li hlbk c`q{eg}cl`% liiktc`f g hlbk

k`ktfs cbztlykbk`} zgangfk li {z }l 7:%::: zkt hlbk% zgcm ilt

ds }hk qgyc`fq itlb elvkt k`ktfs dceeq% g`m bgnk q{tk kykts `kv

hlbk cq i{ees k`ktfs"kiack`} ds cbztlyc`f d{cemc`f tkf{eg}cl`q.

Qk} g }gtfk} ilt =: zkt ak`} li [N keka}tcac}s }l albk itlb aekg`%

`l`"agtdl`"kbc}}c`f ql{takq ds 4:4:% tcqc`f }l 7:: zkt ak`} ds 4:;:%

{`mktzc``km ds f{gtg`}kkm ztcak q{zzlt}> g`m k`q{tk }hg} g} ekgq}

}htkk"w{gt}ktq li }hcq `kv tk`kvgdek k`ktfs albkq itlb bgtc`k g`m

liiqhltk ql{takq.

Qk} l{} g aekgt tk`kvgdekq tl{}kbgz }l 4:;:% alyktc`f ftcm gaakqq

g`m c`ykq}bk`} c` keka}tcac}s `k}vltnq% g`m mkykelz `kv càk`}cykq

}l ztlbl}k tk`kvgdek hkg}.

]tg`qiltb }hk keka}tcac}s `k}vltnq c`}l g ms`gbca keka}tcac}s ftcm

}hg} ag` dk}}kt al``ka} g`m c`}kftg}k `kv% aekg` k`ktfs }kah`lelfckq

zgt}ca{egtes }htl{fh }hk dk}}kt {qk li q{d"qkg al``ka}cl`q% ekgmc`f }l

}hk mkykelzbk`} li g K{tlzkg` Q{zktftcm.

C`ykq} {z }l =:: bceecl` c` tki{tdcqhc`f qhczsgtmq c` }hk @lt}h li


31/57

sl{t vltem9: Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: 97

Vltn ilt }hk gmlz}cl` li w{can vc` bkgq{tkq }hg} al{em dk

c`c}cg}km vc}hc` }hk `kx} ikv skgtq q{ah gq tkm{ac`f }hk {qk li

hsmtlffl{ltlagtdl`q (HIAq#.

G} }hk [@ ekyke% vk vcee q{zzlt} }hk ztlycqcl` li [@ Gmgz}g}cl` I{`mq ilt

mkykelzc`f al{`}tckq% `gàkm itlb c`}kt`g}cl`ge kbcqqcl`q bgtnk}q% q{ah gq

g agz"g`m"}tgmk qsq}kb ilt c`}kt`g}cl`ge kbcqqcl`q itlb gycg}cl` g`m qhczzc`f.

ztl}ka}c`f }hk feldge k`yctl`bk`}

H{bg`q gtk ecyc`f dksl`m }hk gdcec}s li }hk zeg`k} }l q{zzlt} ecik> bltk }hg`

9: zkt ak`} li }hk dgqca kalqsq}kbq }hg} q{zzlt} ecik l` Kgt}h gtk dkc`f

mkftgmkm lt {qkm {`q{q}gc`gdes. Al"ltmc`g}km c`}kt`g}cl`ge ga}cl` g`m

kiika}cyk feldge c`q}c}{}cl`q gtk `kakqqgts }l hkez atkg}k g q{q}gc`gdek i{}{tk

g`m cbztlyk }hk w{gec}s li ecik li gee }hk vltemq ac}ck`q.


Vltn }htl{fh }hk K[ }l bgnk q{tk }hg} }hk k`yctl`bk`} cq i{ees

c`}kftg}km c`}l }hk ldoka}cykq li c`}kt`g}cl`ge c`q}c}{}cl`q q{ah gq }hk

Vltem Dg`n% C`}kt`g}cl`ge Bl`k}gts I{`m g`m Vltem ]tgmk Ltfg`cqg}cl`.

Vltn }l càtkgqk }hk tkql{tac`f li }hk [@ K`yctl`bk`} Ztlftgbbk

g`m cbztlyk }hk kìltakbk`} li c`}kt`g}cl`ge k`yctl`bk`}ge }tkg}ckq.

Ztl}ka} }hk vltemq iltkq}q% `l} lès }l tkm{ak agtdl` kbcqqcl`q d{}

geql }l ztkqktyk }hcq at{acge tkqktylct li dclmcyktqc}s. Vk vcee gtf{k ilt

g` c`}kt`g}cl`ge }gtfk} li ktl `k} mkiltkq}g}cl` ds 4:4:> q{zzlt} g

`kv qsq}kb li zgsbk`}q }l mkykelzc`f al{`}tckq }l k`gdek }hkb }l

tkm{ak mkiltkq}g}cl`> g`m gmlz} g} K[ lt% ci `kakqqgts% g} [N ekyke

g `kv egv bgnc`f c} ceekfge }l cbzlt} lt zlqqkqq }cbdkt ztlm{akm

ceekfgees c` iltkcf` al{`}tckq.

ekgmc`f }hk fh} gfgc`q} aecbg}k ahg`fk

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q gtk albbc}}km }l qka{tc`f g ekfgees dc`mc`f feldge

gftkkbk`} l` ecbc}c`f }hk càtkgqk c` feldge }kbzktg}{tkq }l dkelv 7.6

mkftkkq Akeqc{q. Vk dkeckyk }hg} q{ah g` gftkkbk`} b{q} dk dgqkm

l` tkm{ac`f kbcqqcl`q lyktgee% vhcek kw{gecqc`f kbcqqcl`q dk}vkk` }hk

mkykelzkm g`m mkykelzc`f vltemq }hk ztcàczek li al`}tga}cl` g`m

al`yktfkàk. Q}tl`f g`m atkmcdek K[ gbdc}cl`% vc}h kiika}cyk [N ekgmktqhcz%

gtk kqqk`}cge ilt gahckyc`f g feldge gftkkbk`}% ql }hg} }l}ge ftkk`hl{qk

fgq kbcqqcl`q zkgn `l eg}kt }hg` 4:7;. Ecdktge Mkblatg}q vcee vltn vc}hc`

K{tlzk g`m c`}kt`g}cl`gees }l fcyk tk`kvkm {tfkàs }l feldge kiilt}q }lalbdg} aecbg}k ahg`fk.

Vk vcee ztkqq }hk K[ }l?

Ztlbl}k }hk }tg`qc}cl` }l g elv"agtdl` kal`lbs c` K{tlzk% ds

blyc`f {`ceg}ktgees g`m cbbkmcg}kes }l g` K[ kbcqqcl`q tkm{a}cl`

}gtfk} li 1: zkt ak`} ds 4:4:% gmlz}c`f `kv el`f"}ktb }gtfk}q

g`m zlecackq ilt aekg` k`ktfs g`m k`ktfs kiackàs> g`m kxzg`m

c`ykq}bk`} c` k`ktfs }kah`lelfs c``lyg}cl`% vc}hc` K{tlzk g`m

c`}kt`g}cl`gees.

Dllq} c`ykq}bk`} c` aekg` k`ktfs ds tkiltbc`f }hk K[ kbcqqcl`q

}tgmc`f qahkbk dtc`fc`f c` g }cfh}kt agz l` kbcqqcl`q% g{a}cl`c`f

gq bg`s geelvgàkq gq zlqqcdek% g`m kàl{tgfc`f l}hkt K{tlzkg`

al{`}tckq }l càtkgqk }hk {qk li tkqktyk ztcakq c` geelvgàk g{a}cl`q.

K`fgfk vc}h bgolt kbc}}ktq g`m mkkzk` mczelbg}ca al"lzktg}cl`

dk}vkk` }hk K[ g`m kbktfc`f kal`lbckq g`m mkykelzc`f al{`}tckq%

ztlycmk k`hgàkm `gàcge q{zzlt} ilt elv"agtdl` qle{}cl`q g`m ekgm

c`}kt`g}cl`ge kiilt}q }l ztlbl}k }hk }tg`qikt li }kah`lelfckq }hg} vcee

hkez }l }ganek aecbg}k ahg`fk.


32/57

sl{t vltem94 Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: 91

Vltn vc}h l}hkt al{`}tckq }l mkykelz g` c`}kt`g}cl`ge egdkeec`f qsq}kb

ilt }hk k`yctl`bk`}ge cbzga} li ztlm{a}q% hkezc`f al`q{bktq ahllqk

}hlqk vc}h }hk ekgq} cbzga} l` tkql{tak {qk g`m zlee{}cl`.

bkk}c`f Dtc}gc`q ldecfg}cl`q }l }hk mkykelzc`f

vltem

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q gtk albbc}}km }l vltnc`f }lvgtmq g vltem itkk itlb

zlykt}s% c`kw{gec}s g`m cò{q}cak g`m bkk}c`f }hk Bceek``c{b Mkykelzbk`}

Flgeq cq g yc}ge tq} q}kz. D{} dksl`m }hcq vk vcee geql k`q{tk }hg} ga}cl` cq}gnk` }l geelv mkykelzc`f `g}cl`q }l ftlv g`m }l ztkyk`} }hkb q{iiktc`f

{ìgctes }hk kiika}q li aecbg}k ahg`fk c`fflca}km ds mkykelzkm al{`}tckq.


Càtkgqk }hk [Nq gcm d{mfk} }l tkgah }hk [@ }gtfk} li :.6 zkt ak`}

li F@C ds 4:71 g`m k`qhtc`k }hg} }gtfk} c` egv. Vk vcee hlem }hk F8 }l

c}q Fek`kgfekq zekmfkq l` gcm% càe{mc`f l` }hk :.6 zkt ak`} }gtfk}.

Vltn vc}h l}hkt al{`}tckq }l kq}gdecqh `kv ql{takq li mkykelzbk`}

`gàc`f% càe{mc`f dtc`fc`f iltvgtm {tfk`} ztlzlqgeq ilt g `gàcge

}tg`qga}cl` }gx g`m g agz"g`m"}tgmk qsq}kb ilt agtdl` kbcqqcl`q

itlb gycg}cl` g`m qhczzc`f.

Q{zzlt} tkiltb li }hk feldge `gàcge c`q}c}{}cl`q q{ah gq }hk Vltem

Dg`n g`m CBI.

Dg` dg`nq itlb igacec}g}c`f }hk }tg`qikt li i{`mq ld}gc`km ds

altt{z}cl`. Vk vcee atgan mlv` l` }gx hgyk`q vhcah geelv c`mcycm{geq

g`m altzltg}cl`q }l gylcm zgsc`f }gxkq }l mkykelzc`f al{`}tckq.

K`q{tk }hg} }hk mkykelzc`f vltem cq ztkzgtkm }l mkge vc}h }hk

al`qkw{kàkq li g ahg`fc`f aecbg}k. Vk vcee k`q{tk }hg} gmgz}g}cl`

g`m bc}cfg}cl` bkgq{tkq gtk `gàkm ds c`m{q}tcgecqkm `g}cl`q l` }lz

li kxcq}c`f gcm albbc}bk`}q.

Ztcltc}cqk hkge}h g`m km{ag}cl` ztlftgbbkq vhcah gcb }l ztlbl}k

fk`mkt kw{gec}s% tkm{ak bg}kt`ge g`m cìg`} blt}gec}s% g`m tkq}tca} }hk

qztkgm li bgolt mcqkgqkq ecnk HCY,GCMQ% ]D g`m bgegtcg. Vk vcee ila{q

kiilt} l` q{zzesc`f dgqca `kkmq ecnk aekg` vg}kt.

Q{zzlt} g feldge i{`m ilt qlacge ztl}ka}cl` }l hkez mkykelzc`f

al{`}tckq d{cem ycgdek vkeigtk qsq}kbq.

Z{qh ilt g tk`kvkm c`}kt`g}cl`ge kiilt} l` mkd} g`m q{zzlt} 7::

zkt ak`} agàkeeg}cl` li }hk {`zgsgdek mkd}q li }hk vltemq zlltkq}

al{`}tckq. Vk vcee geql }gnk bkgq{tkq gfgc`q} y{e}{tk i{`mq g`m

eldds ilt qcbcegt ga}cl` g} c`}kt`g}cl`ge ekyke.

kw{czzc`f Dtc}gc`q gtbkm iltakq ilt }hk

47q} ak`}{ts

Blmkt` gtbkm iltakq igak g qktckq li albzekx ahgeek`fkq. Gel`fqcmk

fh}c`f al`yk`}cl`ge vgtq% }hks qkkn }l ztl}ka} {q itlb }hk }htkg}q li

}kttltcqb% bgc`}gc` }hk zkgak% {`mkt}gnk al`fflca} ztkyk`}cl` g`m hkez

igacec}g}k mkykelzbk`} c` zlltkt `g}cl`q.

]hk vltem hgq ahg`fkm k`ltbl{qes qcàk }hk k`m li }hk Alem Vgt. @kv

}htkg}q gtk kbktfc`f g`m sk} Dt c}gc`q gtbkm iltakq tkbgc` egtfkes kw{czzkm

}l fh} }hk lem l`kq. ]hk Ctgw Vgt% g`m geekfg}cl`q lykt Dtc}cqh albzecac}s

c` }lt}{tk g`m c` qkatk} tk`mc}cl` fflcfh}q li }kttltcq} q{qzka}q% hcfhecfh} }hk

mg`fktq li g q{dqktyck`} tkeg}cl`qhcz vc}h }hk [`c}km Q}g}kq }hg} `kfeka}q

Dtc}gc`q altk yge{kq g`m c`}ktkq}q.


33/57

sl{t vltem9= Ecdktge Mkblatg} Bg`cikq}l 4:7: 9;

]hk }htkg}q li }lblttlv gtk ecnkes }l dk mtcyk` ds igcekm q}g}kq% bgqq

bcftg}cl`% aecbg}k ahg`fk g`m tkfcl`ge c`q}gdcec}s. Ql vk vcee k`q{tk }hg}

}gxzgsktq bl`ks cq qzk`} bltk kiika}cykes l` kw{czzc`f }hk iltakq ilt

}hk }gqnq li }hk i{}{tk% `l} lem Alem Vgt }htkg}q. Vk vcee?

Hlem g` cbbkmcg}k Q}tg}kfca Qka{tc}s g`m Mkikàk Tkyckv (QQMT#

}l k`q{tk }hg} Dtc}gc` mkzelsq c}q tkql{takq }l igak }hk blq} qktcl{q

}htkg}q }l c}q ac}ck`q qka{tc}s g`m vkee"dkc`f% càe{mc`f `l`"bcec}gts

ahgeek`fkq q{ah gq aecbg}k ahg`fk.

Vc}h q}tl`f ]tkgq{ts c`yleykbk`}% tkyckv gee bgolt mkikàk

ztla{tkbk`} ztloka}q }htl{fh }hk QQMT }l k`q{tk bl`ks cq dkc`f

qzk`} kiika}cykes. Vk vcee `l} z{tahgqk }tgàhk 1D li }hk K{tlfh}kt.

T{ek l{} }hk ecnk"ilt"ecnk tkzegakbk`} li }hk ]tcmk`} `{aekgt vkgzl`q

qsq}kb. G} g alq} li 7:: dceecl` lykt g ecik}cbk c} cq {`giiltmgdek% g`m

Dtc}gc`q qka{tc}s vl{em dk dk}}kt qktykm ds ge}kt`g}cykq. Vk q{zzlt}

b{e}ceg}ktge `{aekgt mcqgtbgbk`} g`m vcee k`q{tk }hg} }hk [N zegsq g

ztlga}cyk tlek c` }hk gtbq tkm{a}cl` }genq q}gt}c`f eg}kt }hcq skgt.

Tkc`ycfltg}k Itgàl"Dtc}cqh g`m vcmkt K{tlzkg` mkikàk al"lzktg}cl`}l k`q{tk ztla{tkbk`} alq}q gtk nkz} elv.

g igct mkge ilt l{t qktycak zktql``ke

]hk dtgyk bk` g`m vlbk` li Dtc}gc`q gtbkm iltakq gtk }hk blq} ztkacl{q

bcec}gts gqqk} vk hgyk. ]hks b{q} dk }tkg}km igctes% vc}h zgs g`m al`mc}cl`q

}hg} tkfflka} }hkct l{}q}g`mc`f albbc}bk`} }l }hcq al{`}ts% g`m ztlzktes yge{km

g`m q{zzlt}km gi}kt }hks ekgyk }hk qktycakq.

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q vcee z{} }hk iltakq vkeigtk tq}. Vk vcee?

Fcyk g zgs tcqk }l }hk elvkt tg`nq ql }hg} }hkct zgs cq dtl{fh} c`}l ec`k

vc}h }hk q}gt}c`f qgegts li }hkct kbktfkàs qktycakq al{`}ktzgt}q.

Ml{dek }hk tg}k li blmkt`cqg}cl` li iltakq igbces hlbkq }l k`q{tk

}hks gtk } ilt hktlkq.

Vhcek c} cq `kakqqgts }l `m tkql{takq }l q{zzlt} }hk }tllzq ztlzktes% g} }hk

qgbk }cbk igct`kqq tkw{ctkq }hg} vk bgnk qgyc`fq vhktk zlqqcdek vc}hc` }hk

mkikàk d{mfk} gq g vhlek. Vk vcee tkm{ak }hk `{bdkt li acycecg` q}gii c` }hk

Bc`cq}ts li Mkikàk g`m tkm{ak `{bdktq li }lz dtgqq liaktq.


34/57


z{}}c`f Dtc}gc` g} }hk hkgt} li K{tlzk

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q dkeckyk }hg} K{tlzkg` al"lzktg}cl` cq }hk dkq} vgs ilt

Dtc}gc` }l dk q}tl`f% qgik g`m c`ffl{k`}cge c` }hk i{}{tk. Vk vcee k`q{tk }hg}

Dtc}gc` bgxcbcqkq c}q c`ffl{kàk }htl{fh g q}tl`f g`m zlqc}cyk albbc}bk`}.

D{} o{q} dkag{qk K{tlzk cq kqqk`}cge% }hg} mlkq`} bkg` }hk K{tlzkg`

[`cl` cq zktika}. Vk vcee al`}c`{k }l agbzgcf` ilt cbztlykm gaal{`}gdcec}s%

kiackàs g`m kiika}cyk`kqq. Vltnc`f }lfk}hkt% }hk bkbdkt q}g}kq li }hk

K[ hgyk g dk}}kt ahgàk li bg`gfc`f }hk cbzga}q li feldgecqg}cl`% q{ah

gq atlqq"dltmkt atcbk g`m k`yctl`bk`}ge zlee{}cl`.


Vltn vc}h Dtc}gc`q K{tlzkg` `kcfhdl{tq }l atkg}k }hl{qg`mq li

`kv oldq ds dtkgnc`f mlv` }tgmk dgttcktq g`m dllq}c`f q{zzlt} ilt

ftkk` oldq.

Vltn }htl{fh }hk K{tlzkg` [`cl` ilt q}tca}kt c`}kt`g}cl`ge tkf{eg}cl`

li `gàcge qktycakq g`m dg`nc`f.

Nkkz Dtc}gc` zgt} li c`}kt`g}cl`ge atcbk"fh}c`f bkgq{tkq q{ah

gq }hk K{tlzkg` Gttkq} Vgttg`}% K{tlzkg` Zlecak Liak (K{tlzle#%

K{tlo{q}% g`m }hk K{tlzkg` Atcbc`ge Tkaltmq Cìltbg}cl` Qsq}kb%

vhcek k`q{tc`f hcfh q}g`mgtmq li o{q}cak.

Nkkz }hk ztkqq{tk l` ilt tkiltb li gftca{e}{tge q{dqcmckq ql

}hg} igtbktq% al`q{bktq g`m }gxzgsktq fk} g igct mkge% g`m }hk

k`yctl`bk`} cq ztl}ka}km.

Icfh} }l q}lz BKZq hgyc`f }l }tgyke }l }hk Q}tgqdl{tf Zgtecgbk`}

kykts bl`}h% vgq}c`f 4:: bceecl` g skgt.

Agbzgcf` ilt al`}c`{c`f tkiltb li }hk K[ d{mfk} ql }hg} bl`ks cq

qzk`} lès l` }hk }hc`fq }hk K[ tkgees `kkmq }l ml.

]hk K{tlzkg` [`cl` hgq kyleykm qcf`cag`}es qcàk }hk egq} z{deca yl}k

l` bkbdktqhcz lykt }hct}s skgtq gfl. Ecdktge Mkblatg}q }hktkiltk tkbgc`

albbc}}km }l g` c`,l{} tkiktk`m{b }hk `kx} }cbk g Dtc}cqh flykt`bk`} qcf`q

{z ilt i{`mgbk`}ge ahg`fk c` }hk tkeg}cl`qhcz dk}vkk` }hk [N g`m }hk K[.

Vk dkeckyk }hg} c} cq c` Dtc}gc`q el`f"}ktb c`}ktkq} }l dk zgt} li }hk k{tl.

D{} Dtc}gc` qhl{em lès olc` vhk` }hk kal`lbca al`mc}cl`q gtk tcfh}% g`m c`

}hk ztkqk`} kal`lbca qc}{g}cl`% }hks gtk `l}. Dtc}gc` qhl{em olc` }hk k{tl lès

ci }hg} mkacqcl` vktk q{zzlt}km ds }hk zklzek li Dtc}gc` c` g tkiktk`m{b.

q}g`mc`f {z ilt ecdktge yge{kq gtl{`m }hk vltem

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q vcee z{} Dtc}cqh yge{kq li igct`kqq g`m }hk t{ek li egv

dgan g} }hk hkgt} li l{t iltkcf` zlecas. Dtc}cqh zklzek {qkm }l dk ztl{m li

vhg} l{t al{`}ts q}llm ilt. D{} Dtc }gc`q tkz{}g}cl` hgq dkk` mgbgfkm ds

{`qat{z{el{q gtbq mkgeq vc}h mca}g}ltq% geekfg}cl`q li c`yleykbk`} c` }lt}{tk%

g`m li al{tqk }hk mcqgq}tl{q g`m ceekfge c`ygqcl` li Ctgw. Vk vcee geql fcyk

ftkg}kt q{zzlt} }l al`fflca} ztkyk`}cl` vhcah qgykq bl`ks g`m qgykq ecykq.

Vk vcee?

Bgnk }hk K[ {qk c}q aleeka}cyk vkcfh} kiika}cykes c` l}hkt gtkgq li

iltkcf` zlecas. Dtc}gc` ag` hgyk g igt q}tl`fkt ylcak l` tkeg}cl`q vc}h

T{qqcg% Ahc`g% Ctg` g`m }hk Bcmmek Kgq} zkgak ztlakqq vhk` c} olc`q

vc}h }hk tkq} li K{tlzk.

Dk atc}cage q{zzlt}ktq li }hk Gifhg`cq}g` bcqqcl`. ]hk bcec}gts q{tfk

b{q} dk gaalbzg`ckm ds g q}tg}kfs }l k`q{tk g bltk ekfc}cbg}k

flykt`bk`}% }ganek altt{z}cl` g`m vc` lykt blmktg}k kekbk`}q c`


35/57


}hk c`q{tfkàs. Vk vcee al`}c`{k }l mkbg`m g q}tg}kfs }hg} c`yleykq

l}hkt zegsktq c` }hk tkfcl`. Vk dkeckyk }hg} g q{aakqqi{e q}tg}kfs vcee

q}gdcecqk Gifhg`cq}g` k`l{fh }l geelv Dtc}cqh }tllzq }l albk hlbk

m{tc`f }hk `kx} Zgtecgbk`}.

Q{zzlt} }hk kq}gdecqhbk`} li g` C`}kt`g}cl`ge Gtbq ]tgmk ]tkg}s

}l ecbc} }hk qgek li gtbq }l mg`fktl{q tkfcbkq g`m vltn ilt g i{ee

c`}kt`g}cl`ge dg` l` ae{q}kt b{`c}cl`q. Vk vcee k`q{tk }hg} Dtc}cqh

gtbq gtk `l} qlem }l q}g}kq }hg} vl{em {qk }hkb ilt c`}kt`ge

tkztkqqcl`. Vk vcee tkw{ctk gtbq dtlnktq }l tkfcq}kt {`mkt g almk

li al`m{a} g`m tkylnk }hk ecakàkq li }hlqk vhl dtkgn }hk almk.

Q{zzlt} ga}cl` ds }hk c`}kt`g}cl`ge albb{`c}s }l q}lz Ctg` ld}gc`c`f

`{aekgt vkgzl`q. Vk vl{em ileelv g mczelbg}ca tl{}k li ga}cyk

k`fgfkbk`}% g`m gtk tkgms }l dgan }gtfk}km qgà}cl`q% d{} vk

lzzlqk bcec}gts ga}cl` gfgc`q} Ctg` g`m dkeckyk }hlqk ageec`f ilt q{ah

ga}cl` {`mktbc`k }hk ftlvc`f tkiltb blykbk`} c` Ctg`.

Hlem g i{ee o{mcacge c`w{cts c`}l geekfg}cl`q li Dtc}cqh albzecac}s c`

}lt}{tk g`m q}g}k ncm`gzzc`f gq zgt} li g ztlakqq }l tkq}ltk Dtc}gc`q

tkz{}g}cl` ilt mkakàs g`m igct`kqq.

Tkbgc` albbc}}km }l }hk qkgtah ilt g zkgaki{e tkqle{}cl` li }hk

Cqtgkec"Zgekq}c`cg` al`fflca}. G q{q}gc`gdek qle{}cl` ag` dk tkgahkm c`

}hk al`}kx} li }vl qkzgtg}k Cqtgkec g`m Zgekq}c`cg` q}g}kq% b{}{geestkalf`cqkm g`m c`}kt`g}cl`gees gaakz}km vc}hc` dltmktq vhcah gtk

qka{tk g`m dgqkm l` }hk qc}{g}cl` dkiltk }hk 7396 al`fflca}. Vk

al`mkb` mcqztlzlt}cl`g}k iltak {qkm ds gee qcmkq. Vk dkeckyk

Dtc}gc` g`m }hk K[ b{q} z{} ztkqq{tk l` Cqtgke g`m Kfsz} }l k`m

}hk delangmk li Fgg.


36/57


tkd{cemc`f qka{tc}s% lzzlt}{`c}s% hlbkq g`m hlzk

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q dkeckyk c` q}tl`f albb{`c}ckq% vhktk elage zklzek ag`

albk }lfk}hkt }l bkk} elage `kkmq% kòls g zekgqg`} elage k`yctl`bk`}% g`m

ikke itkk itlb }hk }htkg} li atcbk. Vk vg`} kykts albb{`c}s }l dk qgik g`m

igct% g`m liikt lzzlt}{`c}ckq }l zklzek li kykts dganftl{`m.

[`mkt Egdl{t g`m Al`qktyg}cyk t{ek% albb{`c}ckq hgyk dkk` ek} mlv`.

Flykt`bk`}q hgyk }genkm }l{fh l` atcbk d{} igcekm }l }gnk kiika}cyk ga}cl`.

Egan li giiltmgdek hl{qc`f hgq mtcyk` bg`s sl{`f zklzek l{} li }hk

albb{`c}ckq vhktk }hks vktk dlt`. Z{deca }tg`qzlt} cq kxzk`qcyk vhk` c} cq

}hktk g} gee. Nks elage qktycakq ecnk }hk Zlq} Liak hgyk mkaec`km mtgbg}cagees.

Ecdktge Mkblatg}q vcee z{} }hl{qg`mq bltk zlecak l` }hk dkg} g`m bgnk

}hkb vltn bltk kiika}cykes }l a{} atcbk. Vk yge{k Dtc}gc`q lzk`% vkealbc`f

ahgtga}kt% g`m vcee ztl}ka} c} ds ahg`fc`f }hk cbbcftg}cl` qsq}kb }l bgnk c}

tb g`m igct ql }hg} zklzek ag` làk gfgc` z{} }hkct igc}h c` c}. Vk vcee c`ykq}

c` z{deca }tg`qzlt} g`m a{} tgce igtkq% gq vkee gq ztlycmc`f bltk giiltmgdek

hlbkq g`m ztl}ka}c`f zklzek itlb {ìgct tkzlqqkqqcl`q. Vk vcee nkkz zlq}

liakq lzk`% g`m vcee ztl}ka} g`m tkq}ltk }hk `g}{tge k`yctl`bk`}.

a{}}c`f atcbk vc}h bltk g`m dk}}kt zlecak

Vk vcee ila{q l` vhg} vltnq }l a{} atcbk. Vk vcee q{zzlt} bltk zlqc}cyk

ga}cyc}ckq ilt sl{`f zklzek }l q}lz }hkb fk}}c`f c`yleykm c` g ecik li atcbk.

Egdl{t g`m }hk Al`qktyg}cykq zlq}{tk l` zk`ge}ckq% vhcah ml `l} mk}kt

atcbc`geq. Vhg} mlkq mk}kt }hkb cq càtkgqc`f }hk ahgàkq li dkc`f ag{fh}.

]hg} cq vhs bltk zlecak gtk `kkmkm l` }hk q}tkk}q }l ztlycmk g el`fkt gtb

ilt }hk egv. G`m vk `kkm }l hkez }hk zlecak }l dk bltk kiika}cyk g} ag}ahc`f

atcbc`geq% qzk`m ekqq }cbk l` d{tkg{atgas g`m bltk }cbk ztkyk`}c`f atcbk%

tkgqq{tc`f }hk z{deca g`m hkezc`f nkkz kyktsl`k qgik.

sl{t albb{`c}s.Ecdktge

Mkblatg}q dkeckyk c` q}tl`f

albb{`c}ckq% vh

Liberal Democrat general election 2010 manifesto

Documents

Transcript of Liberal Democrat general election 2010 manifesto