Li6erature& Locomoon,&& the&knee&and&the&hip& … · e.g.&the&wrist& &! Saddlejoint/ sadelled ......

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9/18/13 1 Locomo+on, the knee and the hip Li6erature Biomechanics of the Knee, chapter 7 Biomechanics of the Hip, chapter 8

Transcript of Li6erature& Locomoon,&& the&knee&and&the&hip& … · e.g.&the&wrist& &! Saddlejoint/ sadelled ......

Page 1: Li6erature& Locomoon,&& the&knee&and&the&hip& … · e.g.&the&wrist& &! Saddlejoint/ sadelled ... femurbia joint& & 9/18/13 7 Illustrave& exercisesforthe lectures& Illustraon& of&kneemoon

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Locomo+on,    the  knee  and  the  hip  

Li6erature  

•  Biomechanics  of  the  Knee,  chapter  7  •  Biomechanics  of  the  Hip,  chapter  8    

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Classifica+on  of  joints  

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Hinge  joint/    Gångjärnsled                        e.g.  finger  and  toe  joints  

!

Pivot  or  trochoid  joint/  Vrid-­‐  eller  rota3onsled          e.g.  proximal  radio-­‐ulnar  joint  

1-­‐dimensional  

2-­‐dimensional  

!!

Ellipsoid  joint/  äggled  e.g.  the  wrist    

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Saddle  joint/  sadelled  e.g.  the  base  joint  of  the  thumb        

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Extension                    Flexion  

Locking  joint/    Spriralled  e.g.  the  knee  and  elbow  joints    

3-­‐dimensional    

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Ball  and  socket  joint/    Kulled      e.g.  hip  and  shoulder  joints    

lateral  ligament  

Mechanics  of  the  knee    

!

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Anterior  view  without  the  patella   Muscles  around  the  knee  

Anterior  view   Posterior  view  

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Degrees  of  mo+on  in  the  knee    Proximal-­‐distal  transla+on  internal/external  rota+on  

Adduc+on-­‐abduc+on  rota+on  

Ligaments  and  menisci  

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Range  of  +biofemoral  joint  mo+on  

Extension  to  flexion  while:    -­‐      walking                                          0-­‐67o  -­‐        climbing  stairs                  0-­‐83o    

-­‐  descending  stairs        0-­‐90o  -­‐  siXng  down                          0-­‐93o  

-­‐  tying  a  shoe                          0-­‐106o  -­‐  liZing  an  object            0-­‐117o    

Sta+c  analysis  of  stair  climbing    p.193,  box  7.1  

!

Known:    •  Body  weight  W  •  contact  point    foot-­‐step  •  direcFon  of  the  force  in  the  

patellar  tendon,  P  •  contact  point  in  the  femur-­‐

Fbia  joint        Derive:  •  magnitude  of  the  force  P  in  

the  patellar  tendon  •  magnitude  and  direcFon  of  

the  contact  force  in  the    femur-­‐Fbia  joint    

 

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IllustraFve  exercises  for  the  lectures   Illustra+on  of  knee  mo+on  

•  Mo+on  in  the  knee  joint:  h6p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3YgbJLbIXk&feature=related  

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Mechanics  of  the  hip  

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Muscles  around  the  hip  

Abductor  muscles  Adductor  muscles  

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Movements  of  the  hip  joint  

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1.  Acetabulum  (ledpanna)  2.  Gluteus  medius    3.  Caput  femoris  (ledhuvud)  4.  Collum  femoris  (lårbenshals)  5.  Corpus  femoris    6.  Labrum    

ilium  

Iliac  crest  (hö>benskam)  

sacrum  

coccyx  

Ischium  (siAben)  

Trocanter  major  

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Neck-­‐shaZ  angle   Arthrosis    

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StaFc  analysis  of  the  forces  in  the  hip  during  single-­‐leg  stance  

   

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Known:    •  mass  of  one  leg  is  1/6  of  the  

total  body  mass  •  the  line  of  ac+on  and  point  of  

applica+on  for  the  abductor  muscle  force,  M  

•  contact  point  in  the  hip,  i.e.  the  point  where  the  joint  reac+on  force  J  is  applied