Li6erature& Locomoon,&& the&knee&and&the&hip& … · e.g.&the&wrist& &! Saddlejoint/ sadelled ......
Transcript of Li6erature& Locomoon,&& the&knee&and&the&hip& … · e.g.&the&wrist& &! Saddlejoint/ sadelled ......
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Locomo+on, the knee and the hip
Li6erature
• Biomechanics of the Knee, chapter 7 • Biomechanics of the Hip, chapter 8
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Classifica+on of joints
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Hinge joint/ Gångjärnsled e.g. finger and toe joints
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Pivot or trochoid joint/ Vrid-‐ eller rota3onsled e.g. proximal radio-‐ulnar joint
1-‐dimensional
2-‐dimensional
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Ellipsoid joint/ äggled e.g. the wrist
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Saddle joint/ sadelled e.g. the base joint of the thumb
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Extension Flexion
Locking joint/ Spriralled e.g. the knee and elbow joints
3-‐dimensional
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Ball and socket joint/ Kulled e.g. hip and shoulder joints
lateral ligament
Mechanics of the knee
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Anterior view without the patella Muscles around the knee
Anterior view Posterior view
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Degrees of mo+on in the knee Proximal-‐distal transla+on internal/external rota+on
Adduc+on-‐abduc+on rota+on
Ligaments and menisci
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Range of +biofemoral joint mo+on
Extension to flexion while: -‐ walking 0-‐67o -‐ climbing stairs 0-‐83o
-‐ descending stairs 0-‐90o -‐ siXng down 0-‐93o
-‐ tying a shoe 0-‐106o -‐ liZing an object 0-‐117o
Sta+c analysis of stair climbing p.193, box 7.1
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Known: • Body weight W • contact point foot-‐step • direcFon of the force in the
patellar tendon, P • contact point in the femur-‐
Fbia joint Derive: • magnitude of the force P in
the patellar tendon • magnitude and direcFon of
the contact force in the femur-‐Fbia joint
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IllustraFve exercises for the lectures Illustra+on of knee mo+on
• Mo+on in the knee joint: h6p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3YgbJLbIXk&feature=related
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Mechanics of the hip
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Muscles around the hip
Abductor muscles Adductor muscles
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Movements of the hip joint
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1. Acetabulum (ledpanna) 2. Gluteus medius 3. Caput femoris (ledhuvud) 4. Collum femoris (lårbenshals) 5. Corpus femoris 6. Labrum
ilium
Iliac crest (hö>benskam)
sacrum
coccyx
Ischium (siAben)
Trocanter major
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Neck-‐shaZ angle Arthrosis
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StaFc analysis of the forces in the hip during single-‐leg stance
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Known: • mass of one leg is 1/6 of the
total body mass • the line of ac+on and point of
applica+on for the abductor muscle force, M
• contact point in the hip, i.e. the point where the joint reac+on force J is applied