i

lf;da,sl O¾uh

4 fY%a‚h

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

ii

m<uq jk uqøKh 2018

fojk uqøKh 2019

f;jk uqøKh 2020

ish¨ u ysñlï weúß‚'

ISBN 978-955-25-0240-8

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

wxl' 90" jdikdj;a; mdr" u;af;af.dv ork ia:dkfhys msysá

úYaj .%e*slaia ^mqoa.,sl& iud.fuys uqøKd,fhaa uqøKh lrjd

m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,È'

Published by : Educational Publications Department Printed by : Vishwa Graphics (Pvt) Ltd.

iii

iv

wms fjuq tl ujlf. orefjda

tl ksjfiys fjfikd

tl mdge;s tl reêrh fõ

wm lh ;=< ÿjkd

tneúks wms fjuq fidhqre fidhqßfhda

tl f,i tys jefvkd

Ôj;a jk wm fuu ksjfia

fid¢k isáh hq;= fõ

ieug u fu;a lreKd .=fKkS

fj<S iu.s oñkS

rka ñKs uq;= fkd j th u h iem;d

lsis l, fkdu Èrkd

wdkkao iurfldaka

v

fmrjok

ukq.=Koï iqrlskakg ks;s lemjqKq l=i,;d msß ukqIH j¾.hdg fï f,dalh

jvd;a fid`ÿre ìula njg m;a l< yels h' ta i`oyd rgl wOHdmkh ksr;=reju

n,iïmkak lr.;hq;= jkafka wkd.; jevf,dj ms<sn`oj o ukd wjÈfhka isáñks'

Èfkka Èk úYaj .ïudkh fj; tlajk idrj;a kj oekqu wfma bf.kqï b.ekaùï

l%shdj,sh iu`. uqiqlr .ekSu wksjd¾hfhka isÿúh hq;= w;ru wmf.a hy.=Koï o

ta yd tald;añl lr.kakg wu;l fkdl< hq;= h' fuu idOkSh .=Kdx. /l.ksñka

jvd;a hym;a isiq mrmqrla ks¾udKh lsÍfï W;alDIag fufyjrg wjeis .=Kd;aul

bf.kqï wdOdrl iïmdokh lsÍu wm fomd¾;fïka;=fõ m%uqL mrud¾:h nj

wjOdrKh lrñ'

fkal úis;=re is;a;ï yd wl=rej,ska imsß fï fm<fmd;a wkd.; f,djg u`.

t<s o,ajk m%§mia;ïN n`ÿ h' Tn mdi,a ìfuka iuq.;a Èkl jqj" ;=áka isys l<

yels ñysß u;l" fï mdvï fmd;a msgq w;r /`§ ;sfnkq ksiel h' .=re ;rej,

fkdu`o wdf,dalh ,nd .ksñka Tn fï oekqu yd úkaokh leál< wk.s ;Hd.fhka

ksis m, fk<d .; hq;af;a ;j ;j;a oekqï wjldY fj; hqyqiq¨j mshuksñks' rch

fm<fmd;a fjkqfjka jeh l< wm%udK jQ OkialkaOhg wñ, w.hla ,nd Èh

yelafla mdi,a isiq ore oeßhka jQ Tng muKs' Èúh fj; yUd tk wfkal ndOl

Èßfhka chf.k" fyg f,dj iqmqIams; lrjkakg oefha oreoeßhkag yelsfõjdhs

wm%udK iafkayfhka wdYS¾jdo lrkafkñ'

fm<fmd;a iïmdok l%shdj,sh fjkqfjka ukd lemùulska iïm;Aodhl;ajh

iemhQ f,aLl" ixialdrl yd we.hqï uKav, idudðl msßjrg;a wOHdmk m%ldYk

fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ld¾h uKav,fha ieug;a udf.a yomsß ia;=;sh msßkuñ'

mS' tka' whs,mafmreu

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

biqremdh

n;a;ruq,a,

2020'06'26

vi

kshdukh yd wëlaIKh

mS' tka' whs,mafmreu ¡ wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

fufyhùu

ví,sõ'tA' ks¾u,d mshiS,s -¡ wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ^ixj¾Ok&

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

iïnkaëlrKh

wd¾'ã' úfÊúl%u -¡ ksfhdacH flduidßia

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

iydh iïnkaëlrKh

tia'Ô'ã'tka't,a' iurfldaka ¡ iyldr flduidßia

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

wkqYdil;ajh

w;sW;=ï foaj O¾udpd¾h Tiaj,aâ f.dañia w.ro.=re ysñmdfKda ^úY%dñl&

w;sW;=ï foaj O¾udpd¾h uelaiaj,a is,ajd ro.=re ysñmdfKda

w;s.re msh,a cdkl m%kdkaÿ msh;=ud

.re tï'Ô't,a' m%kdkaÿ msh;=ud

ixialdrl uKav,h

.re t,a' m%§ma l=ud¾ ksfrdaIka ¡ iyldr lÓldpd¾h"

m%kdkaÿ msh;=ud cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

mS'ã' *s,SIshd whsßka ¡ .=re WmfoaYsld"

fldÜGdi wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" j;a;,

.re ußh rx.kS meúÈ fidhqßh ¡ .=re fiajh"

nm$fld$ ish¨ idka;=jrhkaf.a nd,sld

úoHd,h" fnd/,a,'

.re' tA' wd¾' t,a' Ydka;sl=ud¾ msh;=ud¡ lÓldpd¾h" welajhskdia úÿy,'

.re' tia' wekagks fmdkaIshka msh;=ud¡ iyldr lÓldpd¾h"

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

vii

f,aLl uKav,h

iS' ks¾u,d r;akdhl - ¡ .=re fiajh" Ydka; mS;r úÿy,"

fld<U 4'

iS' whsrdx.ks reøs.= ¡ .=re fiajh" Ydka; ¨ishd u'ú'

fldgfyak" fld<U 13'

tï' mS' ví' ví' YHdu,S mSßia ¡ .=re fiajh" ms,msáh u' ú'" le,‚h'

-- -

à'fÊ' fmda,a wekagks ¡ úY%dñl úÿy,am;s

tA' fla' tia' takac,a ¡ .=re fiajh ^úY%dñl&

NdId ixialdrl

rxð;a b¨mamsáh ¡ ksfhdacH flduidßia"

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

Ñ;% fla' tA' tia' l¿fndaú, ¡ lÓldpd¾h"

ydmsá.u cd;sl wOHdmk úoHdmSGh"

óß.u'

msgljrh

ví,sõ' mS' iqis,a chYdka; fmf¾rd ¡ Ñ;% Ys,amS

mß.Kl wlaIr ixfhdackh yd msgq ie,iqïlrKh

t,a' tA i÷ks ks,xld m;auisß ¡- mß.Kl iydhl"

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

viii

ix

msgq wxlh

1' ls;=kq orejd foaj ;s<sKhls 1

2' iu.s ùfï foaj m%ido ksOdkh 6

3' uf.a yog jäk fÊiqia jykafia 11

4' j.lSï bgq lruq 15

5' oialï úialï iu.ska foúmshdg ;=;s fouq 18

6' idfljqiaf.a is;a yeÍu 21

7' uyd ldre‚l foú mshdfKda 24

8' ufyda;a;u foú mshdKka jykafiag l;d lruq 27

9' foú mshdKka jykafia iu. fm%aufhka nef|uq 29

10' ueÈy;a ùuhs ¡- újdy ux., W;aijhhs 32

11' fÊiqia jykafiaf.a wiSñ; lreKdj 35

12' jy,a núka ksoyi lrd 38

13' uy n%yiam;skaod 42

14' fm%aufha iudchla f.dvkÕuq 45

15' Y=oaOjka; Ôú;hla .; lruq 47

16' foú mshdKkaf.a wdorhg wdorh olajuq 50

17' úúOdldrfhka idlaIs orhs 54

18' fÊiq iñ÷f.a l=vd f;f¾id uqks;=ñh 57

19' mqxÑ fodñksla idúfhda uqks;=ud 60

20' w;s W;=ï f;dauia ldÈk,a l=f¾ ysñmdfKda 62

21' fudafiia ;=ud 65

22' iduqfj,a Èjeiam%idÈ ;=ud 68

23' Èjeisjr t,shd 72

24' rc jQ tf`âr <uhd 75

25' Y=oaO jQ fmaÿre ;=ud 78

weuqKqï wxl 1-- - kj jk mdvug wod< fmdÿ hdÉ[d 82¡83

mgqk

ls;=kq orejd foaj ;s<sKhls

fÊiqia jykafia wmg yuq jk úfYaI wjia:d y;la my;

±lafõ' tAjdg wms foaj m%ido ksOdk lshd lshuq'

1' m%ido iakdmkh

2' iu.s ùfï

m%ido ksOdkh

3' ÈjH i;am%idoh

4' wNsjDoaê wdf,amh5' mQcljrh

6' wdYS¾jdoldr

nkaOkh

7' frda.Skaf.a

wdf,amhm%ido ksOdkh

ÈjH i;am%idoh

wNsjDoaê wdf,amh4' wNsjDoaê wdf,amh wNsjDoaê wdf,amh

wdf,amh

1

1'1 rEmh ¡ foaj m%ido ksOdk y;

5'5' mQcljrh mQcljrh

1fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'

mjka iy Tyqf.a uj" úYaj mq;df.a l%sia;shdkshg iyNd.s ù

ksji n,d hk w;r¦

mjka ( ug kï wo yß u i;=gqhs" wïfï' fyg wfma wd.u

mdvug lshd fokak kshñ;j ;sfnkafk;a foaj

m%ido ksOdk 7ka m<uq m%ido ksOdkh .ekhs'

wïud ( tfyu kï úYajf.a m%ido iakdmkh ,eîu Thdg

fyd| w;a±lSula fjkak we;s'

mjka ( wehs wïfï úYaj u,a,sf.a ysig ;=ka jrla u j;=r

j;alf<a@

mjka ( t;fldg wïfï

úYaj u,a,sf.a

k<, u; wdf,am

lf<a fudkjd o@

wïud ( tA ;uhs mqf;a Y=oaO jQ

ff;,h' fuu.ska

wmg Y=oaOd;au jrï

,efnkjd'

1'2 rEmh ¡ ysig c,h j;alsÍu

1'3 rEmh ¡ Y=oaO jQ ff;,h wdf,am lsÍu

wïud ( thska wmj ms;d mq;%hd

Y =o aOd; auhdKkaf. a

kdufhka ckau

mdmfhka fidaod

yßkjd'

2

1'4 rEmh ¡ iqÿ jia;%h weka|ùu

1'5 rEmh ¡ bámyk ±,aùu

mjka ( foaj orejka ùu ksid wms yß jdikdjka;hs

fka o wïfï@

wïud ( Tõ mqf;a" wms yefuda u yß jdikdjka;hs'

mjka ( úYaj u,a,sg iqÿ

froaola m,`ojkjd;a

±lald' m,a,sfha

;sfnk f,dl= mdial=

bá mykska bámkaoï

o,ajd .kakjd;a

±lald' wïfï tA yeu

fohl u f;areula

;sfhkj o@

wïud ( Tõ mqf;aæ iqÿ froao

me,|ùu ;=<ska msßisÿlu

i,l=Kq lrkjd' mdial=

bámykska bámkaoï

o,ajd .ekSu ;=<ska

l%sia;=ka jykafia úiska

tu orejd wdf,dalj;a

lrkq ,nkjd'

3

—Tn udf.a m%shdor mq;%hdfKda h¦ Tn flf¾ b;d

m%ikak ù isáñ˜^udla 1 ( 11&

iaj¾. rdcHfha

ysñlrejl= ùfï

Nd.Hh ,eîu

ckau mdmfhka

ksfodia ùu

foaj orelu

,eîu

fkdueflk

,dxPkhla

,eîu

wfkl=;a m%ido

ksOdk ,nd

.ekSfï yelshdj

ysñ ùu

Y=oaO jQ iNdfõ

idudðl;ajh

,eîu

m%ido

iakdmkfhka

wmg

,efnk jrm%ido

hdÉ[dj

wdor foú mshdfKks" wo Èk m%ido iakdmkh ;=<ska úYaj

u,a,s foaj orejl= lr fÊiqia jykafia yuqjkakg;a

Wkajykafiaf.a wdorh ,nd .kakg;a i,iajd ÿkakdg Tn

jykafiag ia;+;s m%Yxid lruq'

wdfuka'

fÊiqia jykafia fn!;siau iakdmkh l< wjia:dfõ

foú mshdKka mejiQ joka

4

mejreu

1 m%:u jrg ,nk foaj m%ido ksOdkh kï lrkak'

2 my; i|yka Ñ;%j,g .e<fmk jdlH jryka ;=<ska

f;dard wNHdi fmdf;a ,shkak'

^1&

^3& ^4&

^2&

^mdmh fidaod yeÍu" Y=oaOd;au jrï ,eîu" msßisÿlu i,l=Kq

lsÍu" foaj orejd wdf,dalj;a lsÍu&

5

iu.s ùfï foaj m%ido ksOdkh

iu.s ùfï foaj m%ido ksOdkh" foaj m%ido ksOdk yf;ka

tlls' fuu m%ido ksOdkh u.ska wm l< mõj,g iudj odkh

flf¾'

iñ|dKka jykafia W;a:dk jQ Èk iji mõ lud lsÍfï n,h

wfmdaia;=¨jrekg mjrd foñka mejiQ jpk my; i|yka fõ'

Y=oaO jQ cqjdï 20 ( 23

—Tn hful=f.a mõ lud lrkafkyq o tAjd

Tjqkag lud lrkq ,efí' Tn hful=f.a

mõ lud fkdlrkafka o tAjd Tjqkag

lud fkdlrkq ,efí'˜

wfmdaia;=¨jreka u.ska mõ lud lsÍfï n,h ,nd ;sfnk

msh;=ud wo wmg mõ iudj ,nd fohs'

iu.s ùfï foaj m%ido ksOdkhg lshk fjk;a kï

³ mdfmdaÉpdrKh

³ mõ ludfõ m%ido

ksOdkh ³ iu.s ikaOdkfha

m%ido ksOdkh

³ kej; ñ;% ùfï

m%ido ksOdkh

³ fldñiï lsÍu

m<uq jrg ÈjH i;am%idoh ,nd .ekSug fmr iu.s ùfï foaj

m%ido ksOdkh wm ,nd .; hq;= h' tfia u bka miqj wm

w;ska jrola isÿ jQ ieu wjia:djl § u iu.s ùfï foaj m%ido

ksOdkh ,nd .; hq;= h'

2

6

mdfmdaÉpdrKhg fmr mdfmdaÉpdrKhg miq

<ufhl= hdÉ[d lrk

mska;+rhla

2'1 rEmh ¡ mdfmdaÉpdrKhg fmr yd miq wjia:d lsysmhla

7

mdmh ksid wm foúhka jykafiaf.ka wE;a fõ' tfia wE;a

jk wm kej; foúhka jykafia fj; <Õd flfrkafka iu.s

úfï foaj m%ido ksOdkh u.sks'

hym;a mdfmdaÉpdrKhla lsÍu i|yd jeo.;a u foa jkafka

;ud l< mõ isys lr tAjdg wjxlj ukia;dm ùu h'

iu.s ùfï foaj m%ido ksOdkh ,nd .ekSug iQÞkï jk whqre(

1' l

< mõ isys lsÍu yd l

<

mõj,g ÿla uk

ia;dm ùu

2' kej; mõ fkdlsÍug bgd .ekSu

3' l< mõ tllaj;a fkdiÕjd msh;=udg lSu

4' msh;=ud fok Tjoka wid isàu yd

ohdêl ukia;dmkh WÉpdrKh

5' msh;=ud f

ok o~qjï

bIag lsÍu

mdmh hkq foaj leue;a;g msgqmd hEuls' oi mk; lv lsÍuls'

is;ska" jpkfhka" l%shdfjka yd w;miq lsÍfuka o wm w;ska

mõ isÿ fõ' mdmhg uq,a jk uq,a w.=K mõ 7ls'

tAjd kï¦

WvÕ=lu ;Kaydj rd.h fl%daOh

B¾IHdjlEorlu w,ilu

1

5 6 7

2 3 4

8

iu.s ùfï foaj m%ido ksOdkh ,nd .ekSu u.ska wmg ,efnk

jrm%ido

² foaj in|;dj we;s ùu

² l< mõj,g iudj ,eîu

² wd;añl iduh yd ksoyi ,eîu

² m%S;sh we;s ùu

² hym;a Ôú;hla .; lsÍug yelshdj ,eîu

hdÉ[dj

foú mshdfKks" is;ska" jpkfhka" l%shdfjka w;miq

lsÍfuka lrk ,o jerÈ ish,a, jgydf.k mdm

wjia:djkaf.ka wE;a ù Èú f.jkakg wmg jrï ÿk

uekj'

wdfuka'

2 fuu Y=oaO ,shú,s mdGfha ysia ;eka mqrjkak'

—Tn ''''''''''''''''''''' mõ lud ''''''''''''''''''''' tAjd Tjqkag

''''''''''''''''''''' lrkq ,efí' Tn hful=f.a ''''''''''''''''''''' lud

fkdlrkafka o tAjd Tjqkag lud ''''''''''''''''''''' ,efí˜

3 my; ̂ w& fldgiska ±lafjk wjia:dj, § ls;=kq orejl= f,i

Tn l%shd lrk wkaou ^wd& fldgiska f;dard hd lrkak'

³ fldka lrk ,o ñ;=rl= ÿgq úg

³ fkdl< jrolg o~qjï ,efnk úg

³ i;=kag jrola lrk hy¿jl= ÿgq úg

³ nv.skafka isák hy¿jl= ÿgq úg

³ lEu §u

³ jrÈka uqod .ekSu

³ bjid .ekSu

³ ñ;=re ùu

^w& ^wd&

mejreu

1 fÊiqia jykafia mõ lud lsÍfï n,h uq,ska u odkh

lf<a ldg o@

9

l%shdldrlu

lg mdvï lrkak'

mõ iudfõ foaj m%ido ksOdkh ,nd .ekSfï mshjr

1' mshdKkaf.a o mq;%hdKkaf.a o Y=oaOd;auhdKkaf.a o kdufhka"

wdfuka' mshdfKks" mõldr jQ ug wdYS¾jdo l< uekj'

2' fï udf.a m<uqjk mdfmdaÉpdrKhhs'

^mõ msh;=udg lSu&

3' mshdfKks" u;l we;s mõ fumuKhs' fïjdg;a u;l ke;s

mõj,g;a iudj yd o~qjï ÿk uekj'

^msh;=ud fok o~qjï yd Tjokaj,g fyd¢ka ijka §fuka

miq& ohdêl ukia;dmk heÿu WÉpdrKh'

4' mshdKkaf.a o mq;%hdKkaf.a o Y=oaOd;auhdKkaf.a o kdufhka"

wdfuka' ia;+;shs mshdfKks" fÊiq msysghsæ

10

mrf,dafla ukakdfjks

Ôú; odhlhdKks

wkka; jQ fm%aufhks

jäkq udf.a fÊiqks

msh;=ud ( orejfka" fï Ñ;%h l,ska ±l,d ;sfhkjd o@ fï

lshuk Tn wid ;sfnkjd o@

<uhd ( Tõ msh;=uks" fÊiq iñ÷ka wka;su rd;%s fNdackh

mj;ajk Ñ;%h fka o@

msh;=ud ( wkak yß orejfka" tA ;ud fÊiqia jykafia m<uq

jrg ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia ia:dms; l< wdldrh'

tod wmg W;=ï u ojila' fÊiq iñ÷ka tod ±k

ysáhd tA ;u wjika rd;%s fNdackh jk nj' tA;a

fÊiq iñ÷ka wm ;ks fkdlr ieu od wm iu.

isákakg ;SrKh l<d'

uf.a yog jäk fÊiqia jykafia

—fï udf.a Y%S YÍrhhs' ud isys lsÍu ms‚i fuh isÿ lrkak'''''˜

^Y=' Æla 22(19&

3'1 rEmh ¡ wka;su rd;%s fNdackh

3

11

<uhs ( tA fldfydu o msh;=uks@

msh;=ud ( tfyu lf<a iqfoda iqÿ mQmh Tijd —fï udf.a Y%S

YÍrhhs' fuh f.k wkqNj lrkak˜ hkqfjka

mjiñka fÊiq iñ÷ka Ôjudkj iqÿ mQmh fj;g

jevu lsÍfuka'

<uhs ( msh;=uks" wo fldfydu o fÊiq iñ÷ka wm iu.

jev isákafka@

msh;=ud ( orejfka" fÊiqia jykafia wmg ;sfhk wdorh ksid

;uhs l=vd mQmhla ;=<ska wm ;=<g tkak leu;s

jqfKa' wo ÈjH mQcdfõ § ud mjik wdYS¾jdo

jpkj,ska mQm yd ñÈri l%sia;=ka jykafiaf.a Y%S

YÍrh yd Y%S reêrh njg yefrkjd'

<uhs ( b;ska msh;=uks" wms yefudau fÊiq iñ÷ka ,nd

.kak wdihs' tA fjkqfjka wms fudkjd o lrkak

´kE@

msh;=ud ( Tõ orejfka" fÊiq iñ÷ka Ôjudkj Tnf.a yoj;

;=<g jäkak yß wdidfjka n,d bkakjd' wms iu.s

ùfï foaj m%ido ksOdkh ,nd msßisÿ yoj;lska

fÊiq iñ÷ka ,nd .ekSug iQodkï úh hq;=hs' tA nj

Y=oaO jQ mdjq¨ ;=ud fufia ,shd ;sfnkjd'

1 fldfrka;s 11(27¡-30

—ieneúka u fï frdá je<£ug;a fï

l=i,dkfhka mdkh lsÍug;a fmr tla

tlaflkd ;ud fidaÈis lr .; hq;= h'

12

<uhs ( msh;=uks" wms fÊiq iñ÷ka ,nd .;a miq fudl o

fjkafka@

msh;=ud ( mqf;a" ÿfõ" fÊiq iñ÷ka wfma Ôú;hg" YÍrhg

iïnkaO fjkjd' ±ka Thd ;ks fj,d kE' Tjqka

jykafia Tn yß u. hjkjd" kmqfrka .,jd

.kakjd' tu ksid Tn ;=< bkak fÊiq iñ÷ka

fyd¢ka y÷kd f.k wka whg;a Wkajykafia

y÷kajd fokakg W;aidy lrkak'

3'2 rEmh ¡ ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia odkh lsÍu

ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia ,eîug fmr iQodkï úh hq;= wdldrh

² mõj,g iudj ,nd .ekSu

² ieu breÈk u yd yels ieu úg u msßisÿj ÈjH mQcdjg iyNd.s

ùu

² ÈjH mQcdjg fmr mehlaj;a ksrdydr YS,h /lSu

² fm!oa.,slj Èkm;d u hdÉ[d lsÍu

² f.!rjfhka fÊiqia jykafia ,nd .ekSu

13

2 ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia ;=<ska Tn fj;g jäk fÊiq iñ÷ka

fjkqfjka Tng l< yels oE my; j.=fjys igyka lrkak'

ksjfia §

mdif,a §

oyï mdif,a §

mejreu

1 ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia ,nd .ekSug ksis f,i

iQodkï ùu i|yd hdÉ[djla ,shkak'

hdÉ[dj

wdor fÊiq iñ÷ks" mqxÑ wfma yoj;a ;=<g

wdorfhka jevu lsÍu .ek wms Tn jykafiag ;=;s mqouq'

hym;a orejka f,i Tn jykafiag lSlrej Ôj;a ùug wmg

msysg jqj uekj'

wdfuka'

l%shdldrlu

1 my; i|yka ud;Dld mqxÑ fmd;l ,shd tu fmd; wd;añl

u,a fmdl=r f,i kï lrkak' fuu ud;Dldj,ska lshfjk

foa Tn bgq lrk ieu úg u bÈßfhka ;rej ne.ska w,jkak'

fuu jif¾ § Tn m%:u jrg ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia ,nk

Èk ußh ;=ñhf.a iqreju mduq, ;nkak'

1' ÈjH mQcdjg iyNd.s jQ jdr .Kk

2' mjqf,a cmud,h lshk ,o jdr .Kk

3' u¾ok l%shd l< jdr .Kk

4' hym;a l%shd l< wjia:d .Kk

5' ¨yq~q heÿï lshk ,o wjia:d .Kk ^WÞyrK (¡

—fÊiqkS uu Tng wdofrhs˜ hkdÈ jels idod lSu&

14

WoEik u ljq¿ fodßka -¡ wdjd ysre /ia ì|la

l=re,a,kaf. kdo ;=<ska -¡ lSjd f;dr;=re ì|la

isis,a iq<x yud hñka -¡ iekiqjd .; is; ì|la

olakg ,enqKd i;=áka -¡ yß ,iaik f,dj ì|la

w¨;a Èkla Wod lf<a -¡ wm foú iñ÷ka ;uhs

fuÈk wfma jev ish,af,a -¡ ysñlre t;=uka ;uhs

i;=g fuka u ÿla lror ¡- ndr .kafka iñ÷uhs

wdisß ,enq wm ieu fok -¡ ;=;s fokafk;a t;=ughs

j.lSï bgq lruq4

15

oiui ud l=fia ord ¡- ud yeÿfõ uf. ujhs

;=ref, fydjd ke<jQfõ ¡- ug we;s fifkyi ksihs

fkdfhl=;a ndOl ì|,d ¡- /l .;af;a uf. ujhs

weh frda.d;=r jQ úg ¡- n,d .kafk ud ;uhs

lror ueo fjfyi ord -¡ ud we;s ±ä lf<a mshhs

oyäh fy<ñka ieu od ¡- ud ne¨fõ uf.a mshhs

kE fkdlshd nE fkdlshd -¡ fyd| foa ug ÿkafk mshhs

uy¨ jhfia neßjQ úg -¡ Tyq yg w; fokafk uuhs

jerÈ uÕl fkdhd isáuq -¡ ujqmshkg wjk; fjuq

.re lruQ lSlre fjuq -¡ ujqmsh is;a i;=gq lruq

mels<Sula fkdolajuQ ¡- fomd keueo iydh fjuQ

foudmshka wmg ÿkakq -¡ foú mshdg ;=;s mqouQ

wlald whshd foi n,,d -¡ fyd¢ka bf.k .kak n,uq

kx.s u,a,s /l n,,d ¡- bf.k .kak Wojq lruq

f.or jevg Wojq fj,d -¡ lSlre fyd| orejka fjuq

hym;a orejka ù,d -¡ foúmshdj i;=gq lruq

mdi, fj; msh kÕuQ -¡ mka;sh msßisÿ lruQ

±kqu ,nd .kak n,uq -¡ fyd| orejka f,i isáuQ

ÿn, whg lshd fouQ -¡ yelshdjka fnod .ksuq

wkd.;h ire lruQ -¡ u;=jg rg /l .ksuQ

ÿjñka fi,a,ï lruQ -¡ ms;af;ka oialï ujuQ

WvÕ=j ÿrelr .ksuQ -¡ ch merÿu Ndr.uq

.=re is;a ieu fkdßojuQ -¡ .=Kj;a fyd| <uhska fjuq

iñ÷ iúh ,nd .ksuq ¡- foú÷ka yg ;=;s mqouQ

16

mejreu

l%shdldrlu

1' ;u mka;s ldurh msßisÿjg ;nd .ekSu i|yd l< hq;=

foa ms<sn| fmdaiagrhla ks¾udKh lr mka;s ldurfha

m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

2' lú mka;sfha is;a .;a wjia:djla Ñ;%hg kÕkak'

3' lú mka;sfhka .; yels fyd| .=Kdx. myla ldâm;l

,shd mka;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

mdvï lrkak' Èkm;d lshjkak'

wdor foú mshdfKks" ksjfia §;a mdif,a §;a ieu ;ekl

§;a j.lSï fyd¢ka bgq lrk hym;a <uhl= ùug wjYH

jrï wmg ,nd fokak'

1 ¸ m<uq iy fojk lúj,ska fmkajd fok mßÈ foú

mshdKka jykafia wmg ,nd ÿka foaj,a kï lrkak'

¸¸ WoEik wjÈ jQ úg ufyda;a;u foú mshdKka jykafiag

;=;s §fï l=vd hdÉ[djla ,shkak'

2 ksjfia § Tnf.a mjqf,a wh fjkqfjka l< yels hym;a

foaj,a ;=kla ,shd olajkak'

17

foú iñ÷ka wmyg ÿka

;s<sKhls fï Ôúf;a

wm yelslï ¡- wm iqrelï

ms‚i fhdojuq ck fiafõ

wfma wdor foú mshdKka jykafia wm ish¨ fokd

ujd ;sfnkafka úúO yelshd" olaI;d fndfyduhla iu.hs' tA

woyi ;uhs by; .S;sldfõ ;sfnkafka' wms n,uq fudkjd o

fï wfma yelshd yd olaI;d lsh,d' tA jf.a u fldfydu o wms

tA olaI;d wka whf.a m%fhdackh i|yd fhdod .kafka lsh,d'

iquqÿ ( f,dalh uejQ foú mshdf.a ¡- wdorfha l;kaof¾

yefuda u bÈßfha lshkak -¡ udj f;areKd

iqúks ( ,iaik w;a wl=rej,ska -¡ foú mshdf.a uysuh .ek

;j ;j úia;r ,shkak -¡ ug;a yels jqKd

iqu,a ( .ehq .S;h uú; l<d ¡- /ia ù isá uq¿ iNdj

jh,Skh" ngk<dj -¡ /õms<s/õ ÿka fj,dj

iqrks ( Wi" ÿr mksñka oialï ujñka

wm ieu bkafka ieu od i;=áka

iq.;a ( fld< lm,d u,a yo,d ¡ yev flrejd .=re fïfia

j;=r oud ueá wk,d ¡ ksu flrejd fi,a,ï f.a

oialï úialï iu.ska foúmshdg ;=;s fouq5

18

iqÈks ( idlal=jg u,la ueiqjd ¡ mqxÑ uf.a tAm%fka

ish¨ fokd i;=gq jqKd ¡ wfm yelshd ÿgqj iefKa

iqñ;a ( hk hk ieu ;ek ch f.di kÕñka

fmkajuq ls;=.=K oyfï n,fhka

ish¨ wUkak" fk<kak" leghï lmkak

fokd ( ÿjkak" mkskak" kgkak" .hkak

ÿka fï yelshd fndfyduh iu.ska

;=;s § miiuq wfma msh foú÷ka

5'1 rEmh ¡ úúO yelshd olajk <uqka msßila

19

hdÉ[dj

wdor foú mshdfKks" Tn jykafia ug ÿka yelshd"

olaI;dj,g ia;=;shs' tA yeu yelshdjla u y÷kd f.k wka

whf.a hym; i|yd fhdod .kak ug msysg jqj uekj'

wdfuka'

mejreu

1' mdvfï i|yka fonia ;d,hg .dhkd lrkak'

.e<fmk wx. p,k fhdod .kak'

l%shdldrlu

bj; ouk foaj,a ^ysia ma,diaála fnda;,a" fmd,a l=vq" Ækq

fmd;= jeks& Wmfhda.S lrf.k ì;a;s ieris,a,la ks¾udKh

lr mka;sh w,xldr lrkak'

2' mdvfï i|yka jk mßÈ orejka ;=< ;snQ yelshd" olaI;d

,ehsia;=jla ,shkak'

3' fm;s myl f,dl= u,la w¢kak' uf,a ueo Tfí ku ,shkak'

fm;sj, Tn ,o yelshd fjka fjkaj ,shkak' <d j¾Khlska

u, mdg lrkak'

4' foú mshdKka jykafiaf.ka Tn ,o yelshd yd olaI;d

fjkqfjka ia;+;s lr mqxÑ hdÉ[djla ,shkak'

20

idfljqiaf.a is;a yeÍu6fÊiqia jykafia fcßfldaj n,d msg;a fjhs'

idfljqia fÊiqia jykafia ne,Sug

w;a;slald .ig k.shs

idfljqia .fyka ìug nishs'idfljqia m%S;sfhka fÊiqia jykafia

;u f.org ms<s.kshs'

idfljqia jyd u ìug nyskak' ug wo Tfí

f.or kjd;eka .kakg

´kE'

fudkjdæ uf.a

f.org tkjdæ

21

.e<ùu wo fï

f.org meñK ;sfí'

fudyq wdn%yïf.a mq;%fhls'

ukqIH mq;%hdfKda ke;s jQ

foa fidhkakg o .<jkakg

o jeäh fial'

Wkajykafia mõldr

ñksil= iu. kjd;eka

.kakg .sh fial'

hym;a .=K O¾u b.ekajQ fÊiqia jykafia tAjd l%shdjg kexjQ

nj by; isoaêh u.ska fmkS hhs' iudcfhka fldka l<

idfljqiag fÊiq iñ÷ka ±lajQ wdorh ksid Tyq iïmQ¾Kfhka

u fjkia ñksfila úh'

mßisjre fld÷rñka

fÊiqia jykafia l;d lrñka

iajdóks" ud ika;l

fohska foflka fldgila

È<s÷kag foñ' hula whq;=

f,i f.k ;sfí kï

Tyqg i;r .=Khla foñ'

22

hdÉ[dj

wdor foú mshdfKks" uf.a u mx;sfha uf.a u mjqf,a úúO

fya;+ka u; fldka ù isák wh fidhd Tjqkg wdorh

lsÍug ug Yla;sh ÿk uekj'

wdfuka'

ÿfõ" mqf;a" wms;a lsis flfkla fldka fkdl< hq;= fjuq'

fÊiq iñ÷ka fldka fj,d isá wh wdorfhka ms<s.;a;d jf.a

wms;a ish¨ fokd u wdorfhka ms<s.ksuq'

1 my; jels yß kï r;=mdg u,la o jerÈ kï l¿mdg u,la

o fldgqj ;=< w¢kak' mdg lrkak'

2 ifljqiaf.a is;a yeÍfuka wmf.a Ôú;hg .; yels wdo¾Y

folla ,shkak'

mejreu

fuh wNHdi fmdf;a msgm;a lr .kak'

¸' fÊiqia jykafia mõldrhkag wdorh l< fial'

¸¸' idfljqia fÊiqia jykafia ±l n,d .ekSug wdYd úh'

¸¸¸' wms yeu úg u olaI fmdfydi;a wh muKla weiqre

l< hq;= fjuq'

¸¹' mka;sfha isák yeu fokd u uf.a hy¿jka lr

.; hq;= h'

¹' fÊiqia jykafia idfljqiaf.a Ôú;h fjkia l< fial'

23

my; i|yka jkafka lreKdjka; mshdf.a Wmud l;djhs'

^Y=' Æla 15(11-¡ -32&

1

2

3

tla ñksil=g mq;=ka

fofofkla isáfhda h' nd,

mq;d" —mshdfKks" Tnf.a

foam<j,ska ug whs;s

fldgi ÿk uekj"˜hs mshdg

lSh' mshd ;u foam<j,ska

fldgila Tyqg ÿkafka h'

nd, mq;d ÿr rglg f.dia

ñ;=rka iu. tla ù ;u

foam< kdia;s lf<a h'

;ud i;= uqo, ke;s jQ úg

ñ;=frda Tyq w;yer oud

hkakg jQy' Tyq ;ks úh'

uyd ldre‚l foú mshdfKda7

24

4

5

6

7

wdydr iy we֕

fkdue;sj b;d wirK

jQ Tyqg isÿjQfha W!rka

n,d .ksñka W!rkag fok

lEuj,ska nv.skak ksjd

.ekSug h'

;udf.a jerÈ f;areï .;a

Tyq ÿla ù kej; ;u mshd

fj; yeÍ .sfha h' Tyq

mshd fj; f.dia iudj

b,a,Sug fmr mshd Tyq

wdorfhka ism je,|f.k

Ndr .;af;a h'

nd, mq;d meñ‚ i;=gg

;u mshd idohla iQÞkï

lr we;s nj ±k.;a

jeäu,a mq;d fldam úh'

f,dl= mq;d le|jQ mshd"

—ud i;= ish,a, Tn i;=

h' tfy;a wo wm m%S;s

jkafka Tfí u,a,S ueÍ

isg kej; Ôj;a jk

ksid h˜ hehs mjiñka

Tyq iekiqfõ h'

25

hdÉ[dj

wínd mshdfKks" mõldr jQ ug iudj ÿk uekj' udf.a jerÈ

ms<s.ksñka wdorfhka Tn fj; kej; yeÍ tAug wjYH ksjerÈ

u. fmkaùu ug odkh l< uekj'

wdfuka'

mejreu

1 my; jpk ksjerÈj .<md jdlH ;kkak'

fuu Wmud l;dfjka foú mshdf.a wdorh wmg meyeÈ,s fjkjd'

wm mõ lr wE;a fjk ieu úg u foúmshd ÿla fjkjd' wm

jerÈ ms<sf.k yeÍ tk ;=re foúmshd n,d isákjd' tA ksid

wms blaukska wfma jerÈ y÷kd f.k foúmshd i;=gq lruq'

¸' úg u $ wms $ fouq $ wka $ whg $ iudj $ ieu

¸¸' lf<a h $ nd, mq;d $ kdia;s $ ish¨ $ ;d;a;df.a $

foam<

¸¸¸' mq;d $ ;d;a;d $ ke;s jQ $ isáfha h$ h<s;a $ uÕ n,d $

tk;=re

2 lreKdjka; mshdf.a Wmud l;dj rÕ olajkak'

26

ufyda;a;u foú mshdKka jykafiag l;d lruq

fm!oa.,sl

hdÉ[dj

iduQysl

hdÉ[dj

hdÉ[dj

8

8'1 rEmh ¡ hdÉ[d lsÍfï wjia:d lsysmhla

hdÉ[dj hdÉ[dj

ksjfia §

mdif,a §

foõ

ue÷f¾ §

27

Wfoa wjÈ jQ úg § - ¡ lEu .ekSug fmr §

mdi, fj; hk úg § - ¡ bf.kqï lghq;=j, §

l%Svd lrkd úg § - ¡ f,v ÿla lrorj, §

foõ úukg .sh úg § - ¡ ud lrkd heÿuka ieu

fm!oa.,sl hdÉ[dj -¡ f,i kï lrñ $$

mjq,la f,i tluq;= ù -¡ cmud,h lshuq wms

ÿfla È fuka i;=fÜ È;a ¡ - Y=oaO jQ meh lruq wms

mdif,a È ieu tla ù -¡ miiuq foú iñ÷ka wms

breÈk foõ fufyfha § -¡ lrkd heÿuka ieu wms

iduQysl hdÉ[dj - ¡ f,i kï lruq $$

hdÉ[dj

wdor foú mshdfKks" fm!oa.,slj muKla fkdj iduQyslj o

;ud fuka u wka wh fjkqfjka o hdÉ[d lrkakg wm fhduq

l< uekj' wdfuka'

¸' mjqf,a wh tluq;= ù cmud,h lshuq' ^ &

¸¸' ;ksj u hdÉ[d lsÍu iduQysl hdÉ[djhs' ^ &

¸¸¸' wfma W;=ï u hdÉ[dj ÈjH mQcdjhs' ^ &

2 mdvfï i|yka lúj, lshefjk wdldrhg Tng fm!oa.,slj

yd iduQyslj hdÉ[d l< yels wjia:d fol ne.ska ,shkak'

3 mdif,a Wfoa /iaùu wdrïN lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq flá hdÉ[djla

,shkak'

my; lú ;d,hg .dhkd lrkak'

l%shdldrlu

mn¿" îu ng yd mS;a; má jeks foa Wojq lrf.k cmud,hla

ks¾udKh lrkak'

mejreu

1 my; i|yka woyia yß kï ,l=K o jerÈ kï ½

,l=K o fhdokak'

28

lkHd fidfydhqßh (

foú mshdKka jykafia yd wm w;r we;s in|;dj jeä

j¾Okh lr.; yels heÿï lsysmhla ;sfnk nj mq;d,d

ÿj,d wid ;sfnkjd o@ tu heÿï .eUqre hdÉ[d Èúhlg

wm f.khkjd' tAjdg wm fmdÿ heÿï lshd lshkjd'

Y=oaO jQ iNdj úiska ilia lr § we;s fuu fmdÿ heÿï

wmg fnfyúka u jeo.;a fjkjd'

tfyu kï tu fmdÿ heÿï fudkjd o lshd wms n,uq'

² wfmdaia;=¨jrekaf.a

úYajdi ,laIKh

wm úYajdi lrk m%Odk lreKq

fuu heÿfï wvx.= fjkjd'

wms th cmud,h iu. Èkm;d

WÉpdrKh lruq'

foú mshdKka jykafia iu. fm%aufhka nef|uq

² ohdêl ukia;dmh

fuh iu.s ikaOdkh keue;s

m%ido ksOdkh ,nk úg

lshk heÿuls' foú mshdKka

jykafiaf.a wdorhg úreoaOj

lrk jerÈj,g iudj whÈñka

WÉpdrKh lrk hdÉ[dj

ohdêl ukia;dm hdÉ[dj

fõ'

9

29

² Woh wdrdOkdj ² rd;%s wdrdOkdj

² ;=ka ld, wdrdOkdj ² mdial= ld,fha ;=ka ld,

wdrdOkdj

fuh WoEik wjÈ jQ úg foúmshdg

;=;s ms§ug yd wdrlaIdj me;Sug

lshk hdÉ[djls'

fuh rd;%sfha kskaog hdug fmr

foaj wdrlaIdjg ndr fjñka

lshk heÿuls'

Èklg ;=kajrla Woh" oj,a" rd;%s

fuh lshkq ,efí'

fuh mdial= ld,fha muKla

lshk hdÉ[djls'

30

³ Èkm;d heÿï wjia:djkays fhdod .kakd fuu fmdÿ hdÉ[d

Ndú; lrñka foú mshdKka jykafiag hdÉ[d lsÍug bf.k

.kakd f,i ÿj,d mq;d,f.ka wdorfhka b,a,d isákjd'

mejreu

1' úYajdi ,laIKfha i|yka m%Odk pß; wkqj

m%fya<sldj mqrjkak'

Ôú;hg ì|la

fmdÿ heÿï ;=<ska foú mshdKka jykafia yd wm

w;r we;s in|;dj jeä j¾Okh lr .ksuq'

l%shdldrlu

fuu mdvfuys wvx.= ish¨ hdÉ[d lg mdvï lrkak'

u h hñ

m%S

ia

id

;=

;a

msfo K

Wmfoia (¡ 9 jk mdvug wod< fmdÿ hdÉ[d msgq wxl 82" 83ys weuqKqï wxl 1 hgf;a olajd we;'

31

ueÈy;a ùuhs ¡- újdy ux., W;aijhhs

orejfka" uu Thd,g lshd fokak hkafk Y=oaO jQ nhsn,fha

i|yka ußh ;=ñhf.a ueÈy;a ùula .ekhs'

.,S,fha ldkd kï kqjr tla f.orl újdy ux.,Hhla

meje;ajQjd' fÊiqia jykafiaf.a uE‚hka jk ußh ;=ñh;a

tu W;aijhg meñK isáhd' ußh ;=ñh tu ux., W;aijfha

lghq;=j,g f.dvla Wojq l<d' fÊiqia jykafiag iy

t;=udf.a f.da,hkag;a ux., W;aijhg wdrdOkd lr ;snqKd'

W;aijhg iyNd.s jQ ieu fokdg u îug ñÈhqi uÈ jqKd' tys

isá fufylrejka fyd|g u l,n, jqKd' tk whg fnokak

ñÈhqi ke;s ksid Tjqka wmyiq;djg m;afj,hs isáfha' tA nj

ußh ;=ñh ±k .;a;d'

10'1 rEmh ¡ ñÈhqi bjr ù we;s nj ußh ;=ñh fÊiq

;=udg mejiSu

10

32

fÊiqia jykafiag fï isoaêh lSfjd;a thg úi÷ula ,nd .; yels fj;shs wehg is;=Kd'

ußh ;=ñh ú.iska fÊiqia jykafia fj; f.dia ñÈhqi bjr

ù we;s nj mejiqjd' isÿùug hk ,eÊcdfjka fudjqka fírd

.kak lshd lsjqjd' Wkajykafia ußh ;=ñh foig yeÍ —Tn;a

ud;a fï .ek lror fjkafk ukao@ uf.a fudfyd; ;j u

meñK keyefka"˜ lshd mejiqjd' ußh ;=ñh fufylrejka

wi,g f.dia Tjqka wu;d —fÊiqia jykafia Tng lshk ´kE

u fohla jqj o lrkake˜hs lsjqjd' Tjqka i;=áka th ms<s.;a;d'

t;ekg meñ‚ fÊiqia jykafia tys ;snQ .,a Ndck yh

j;=frka mqrjk f,i fiajlhkag mejiqjd' fiajlhka .,a

Ndck ish,a, u j;=frka msfrõjd' miqj fÊiqia jykafia"

tu .,a Ndck wdYS¾jdo lr —±ka fuhska álla ixúOdhl

;ek fj; f.k hkak"˜ lshd mejiqjd' ixúOdhl ;ek tys

ri ne¨jd' Tyq mqÿu jqKd' tu ñÈhqi ,enqK úÈh thd ±k

isáfha keye' kuq;a fiajlhska tA .ek ±kf.k isáhd'

10'2 rEmh ¡ fÊiq iñ÷ka j;=r msrjQ .,a Ndckj,g wdYS¾jdo lsÍu

33

ixúOdhl ;ek ukd, uy;d fj; meñK" fyd| ñÈhqi

<Õ ;ndf.k nd, ñÈhqij,ska ix.%y lf<a uka±hs Tyqf.ka

weiqjd' lsis u fohla .ek fkdokak ukd, uy;d mqÿu jqKd'

Tyq fï .ek fidhd ne¨jd' isÿ ù we;s ish,a, u Tyqg ±k

.kak ,enqKd' j;=r ñÈhqi njg yrjd ;sfhkafka kdir;fhka

meñ‚ fÊiqia jykafia nj wdrxÑ jqKd' tA fudfydf;a ußh

;=ñh ueÈy;a fkdjkak f,dl= ,eÊcdjla fjkak bv ;snqKd'

t;ek isá ish¨ fokd u fÊiqia jykafiaf.a n,jka;lu

.ek l;dny l<d' mq;d,d okakjd o fÊiqia jykafia l<

ydialïj,ska m<uq jekak ;uhs fï c,h ñÈhqi njg

m;alsÍfï isoaêh'

fï isÿùu u.ska ußh ;=ñhg wm fjkqfjka ueÈy;a úh yels

nj fyd¢ka fmkS hkjd'

l%shdldrlu

1' ldkd kqjr uÕ=,a f.or c,h ñÈhqi njg yerùfï m%d;syd¾hh

rÕ olajkak'

mejreu

1' fÊiq iñ|dKka ;u uE‚hkaf.a b,a,Su bgq lsÍug fmr

mejiQ Y%S jpk ,shd olajkak'

2' wka whf.a ÿla" lrorj, § ußh ;=ñh fuka Tn Tjqkg

msysg jQ wjia:djla fláfhka ,shd olajkak'

hdÉ[dj

wdor foú mshdfKks" mqxÑ wfma Ôú;j, fkdfhl=;a

jqjukdjkaj, § wmg Tn jykafia fj; yeÍ tkakg jrï

ÿk uekj' foaj wïfï" tfia lrkakg wmg lshd ÿk uekj'

wdfuka'

34

fuys we;s Ñ;% foi fyd¢ka n,kak' tu Ñ;% bÈßfhka we;s

jdlH lshjd l;dj f.dvkÕkak'

1' fÊiqia jykafia miq mi

uy fikÕla meñ‚hy'

fÊiqia jykafia Tjqkag

foaj rdcHh ms<sn|

b.ekajQ fial' iqjh

wjYH whg iqjh ÿka

fial'

2' ? fnda jQ ksid fï uy

fikÕg lEug hula Èh

hq;= úh' kuq;a f.da,hskag

th wmyiq ld¾hhla úh'

3' fÊiqia jykafia f.da,hskag

l;d fldg fï fikÕg §u

i|yd Tn <Õ lEu ;sfí

±hs úuiQ fial' frdá myla

iy uiqka fofokl= we;s

<ufhl= fuys isák nj

f.da,hkaf.ka flfkla

mejiS h'

fÊiqia jykafiaf.a wiSñ; lreKdj11

35

4' túg fÊiqia jykafia fï

uy fikÕ mkia fokd

ne.ska lKavdhï lrk f,i

±kajQ fial' fÊiqia jykafia

l=vd orejd ÿka frdá iy

uiqka f.k iaj¾.h foi

n,d" wdYS¾jdoh mjid

fikÕg lEug fok f,i

f.da,hkag mejiQ fial'

ÿj,d" mq;d,d okakj o fÊiqia jykafia l< fï mqÿu l%shdj

.ek' tA ;uhs mkaoyilg lEu §fï m%d;syd¾hh fyj;a mQm

jeä lsÍfï m%d;syd¾h h' tod jf.a u wo;a fÊiqia jykafia

ÈjH i;am%idoh kï wdorfha fNdackh u.ska wmf.a wd;añl

l=i.skak ksjk fial'

5' fï fikÕ w;r msßñ

muKla mkaoyila jQy'

ish¨ fokd wdydr .ekSfuka

miq i;=gg meñ‚hy' b;sß

wdydr len,sj,ska l+v

fodf<dila mqrjd .kakd

,È'

36

wdor fÊiq iñ÷ks"

ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia ;=<ska ieu Èkl Tn

jykafia yuqùug;a ud i;= foa wka wh iu. fnod

.ekSug;a ud fufyhjqj uekj'

wdfuka'

l%shdldrlu

mkaoyilg lEu §fï m%d;syd¾hh r`. olajkak'

mejreu

ms<s;=re ,shkak'

1' mdvfï i|yka wdldrhg fÊiqia jykafia l< mqÿu l%shdj

l=ula o@

2' ysia;ekg wÞ< rEm fldgqj ;=< we| ysia;eka mqrjkak'

<uhl= <Õ ;nqfKa myla iy fofofkls'

meñK isá ish¨ fokd lEfuka miq b;sß jQ len,sj,ska

fodf<dila mqrjd .; yels úh'

3' Tn ijka ÿka l;dfõ isá <uhd ;ud <Õ ;snQ frdá my iy

uiqka fofokd wka wh fjkqfjka mß;Hd. l<d fuka Tng;a

wka wh fjkqfjka Wojq l< yels wdldr ;=kla ,shkak'

37

jy,a núka ksoyi lrd

ieu breÈk u iji .fï fj,a hdfha fl<jr msysá l÷ mduq,

/ia ù i;sh ;=< ,enQ w;a±lSï úia;r lsÍu .fï <uhskaf.a

isß;la úh' fï wjia:djg .fï iSfudka wd;d o tlafjhs'

iSfudka wd;d mer‚ l;kaor lSug .c ymfkls'

iisre ( wd''' wkak iSfudka wd;d tkjd'

wd;d ( fÊiq msysghsæ orejfka" wo Thd,d oyï mdi,a .shd

o@ mq;d,d ÈjH mQcdjg;a .shd o@

Wodr ( Tõ wdf;a" ÈjH mQcdfõ § msh;=ud p;dßl ld,h yd

cqod mdial=j .ek lsjqjd' wdf;a" wmsg cqod mdial=j

.ek ;j álla úia;r lsh,d fokakfld'

wd;d ( orejfka" lf;da,sl wfma W;=ï u ux.,Hh ;uhs

mdial= ux.,Hh'

<uhs ( Tõ wdf;a" wms wy,d ;sfhkjd'

wd;d ( orejfka ld,hla wfma uq;=ka ñ;a;ka jk

BY%dfh,ajrekag ñirh keue;s rgl jy¨ka f,i

mdrdfjda lshd rc flfkla hgf;a ÿla ú¢kak

isÿjqKd' tA rc;=ud wfma uq;=ka ñ;a;kag fndfydu

jo ÿkakd¦ lEula îula fkd§ nr jev .;a;d¦ li

myr ÿkakd'

iisre ( wfkaæ wehs wdf;a" rc;=ud tfyu lf<a@

12

38

wd;d ( mdrdfjda rcq nh jqKd ljod yß BY%dfh,a ck;dj"

ñir ck;djg jvd jeä ÈhqKq ù ;u ck;dj md,kh

lrhs lsh,d' fï ksid BY%dfh,a ck;djf.ka fndfyda

jev lrjd .;a;d' fï wdldrhg BY%dfh,a ck;dj

jy¨ka njg m;ajqKd'

wð;d ( wfka mõæ wfma uq;=ka ñ;af;d fndfyda u ÿla ú|,d

;sfhkjdfka'

wd;d ( Tõ ÿj" tA;a rc;=ud t;=udf.a mSvk k;r lf<a kE'

fï mSvd ueo BY%dfh,a ck;dj foúhka jykafiag

hdÉ[d l<d' foúhka jykafia Tjqkag ijka ÿkakd'

Tjqka jykafia BY%dfh,a ck;dj fírd .ekSfï

ld¾hh fudafiia ;=udg Ndr l<d'

Tõ orejfka" Tkak tA rd;%sh Wod jqKd' fudafiia

;=udf.a wK mßÈ BY%dfh,a ck;dj ;u ksjfiys

12'1 rEmh ¡ mdrdfjda rcq BY%dfh,a ck;djf.ka nr jev .ekSu

39

W¿jiafia neg¿ f,h i,l=Kq l<d' mdrdfjda rcqf.a

uqrKavqlu ksid foúhka jykafia ñir jdiSkaf.a

l=¿÷,a msßñ orejka urd ±ïud' BY%dfh,a ck;djg

lsis u ydkshla tod isÿ jQfha keye' wjidkfha

mdrdfjda rcq ìh ù fudafiia ;=udg ck;dj /f.k

hEug wjir ÿkakd'

<uhs ( tod BY%dfh,a ck;dj fudkjd o lf<a wdf;a@

wd;d ( fudafiia ;=ud neg¿ megjdf.a uia ;s;a; m,d yd

kquqyqka frdá iuÕ blaukska wkqNj lr tA ráka

msgù hk f,i wK l<d' tA wkqj Tjqka ñirfhka

msg j f.dia r;= uqyqÈka tf;r jqKd'

BY%dfh,a ck;dj wjqreÿ m;d fï ch.%yKh

ieurejd' Tjqka fï isoaêhg cqod mdial=j hhs kï

lr mrïmrdfjka mrïmrdjg th ieurejd'

<uhs ( wdf;a" fÊiqia jykafia;a fï cqod mdial=j ieurejd

o@

12'2 rEmh ¡ BY%dfh,ajre mdial= fNdackh

wkqNj lsÍu

12'3 rEmh ¡ BY%dfh,a ck;dj r;= uqyqÈka

tf;r ùu

40

wd;d ( Tõ orejfka" cqfia;=ud iy ußh;=ñh fÊiq iñ÷j;a

fcreif,ï foaj ud<s.hg /f.k f.dia fï mdial=j

ieurejd'

<uhs ( yß wmQre isoaêhlafka' fï cqod mdial=j .ek lsh,d

ÿkakq wd;dg ia;=;shs'

hdÉ[dj

wdor foú mshdfKks" Tn jykafia tod BY%dfh,a

ck;dj jy,alñka .,jd .;a;dla fuka mqxÑ wm o ish¨

Wjÿrej,ska uqod ±yeñ uÕ wm /f.k .sh uekj'

wdfuka'

mejreu

1 jryka ;=< § we;s jpkj,ska iqÿiq jpkh fhdod

ysia;eka mqrjkak'

2 cqod mdial= W;aijh ;=< meje;s úfYaI isÿùula Ñ;%hg

kÕkak'

3 cqod mdial=j ieuÍu i|yd BY%dfh,a ck;dj Ndú; l< oE

mdvñka fidhd ,shkak'

^mdial=j" fudafiia" ñirfha" mdrdfjda&

¸' BY%dfh,a ck;dj uqod .ekSfï § kdhl;ajh .;af;a

'''''''''''''''''''''' ;=ud h'

¸¸' BY%dfh,a ck;dj '''''''''''''''''''''' jy,alug m;ajQy'

¸¸¸' BY%dfh,a ck;djg ysßyer lf<a '''''''''''''''''''''' rc;=ud h'

¸¹' lf;da,sl wfma W;=ï u ux.,Hh '''''''''''''''''''''' h'

41

ÿfõ" mqf;a Thd,d wy, ;sfnkj o fï mska;+rfha ;sfnk

úfYaI isÿùu .ek@

fï lú lshjk úg Thd,g u;la fjhs tA úfYaI oji' ±ka wms

yefuda u fï lú ;d,hg .dhkd lruq'

uy n%yiam;skaod

1' fÊiq iñ÷ weßhqï lr ¡ tla Èkhl rd;%sfha

f.da,fhd fod<i u iu.ska ¡ tl fïfil /iajQfha

wka;su ? fndcqkg nj ¡ lsisfjla fkdu ±k isáfha

uy n%yiam;skaod f,i ¡ tod ;uhs kï flrefõ

13'1 rEmh ¡ fÊiq iñ÷ka f.da,hskaf.a mdo fia§u

13

42

2' kdhlhd" fiajlhl= ¡ úh hq;= nj fmkajd foñka

f.da,hkaf.a md fidaod ¡ isU .;af;a ls;= iñ÷ka

uy n%yiam;skaod Èk ¡ t;=udKka l< lS foa

wo olajd iqÿ infha ¡ mj;S fkdfjkiaj fufia

3' fÊiq iñ÷ frdáhla f.k ¡;=;s mqoñka lE,s lvd

f.da, msßfi ieug foñka ¡ mejiq W;=ï jok iod

—udf.a fï YÍrhhs ¡ Tn Wfoid fokq ,nkd

ud isys lrkd ms‚i u ¡ fuh ieu od isÿ fõjdæ˜

4' tf,i u fNdackfhka miq ¡ l=i,dkh /f.k tod

kej;;a ;=;s mqoñka ;u ¡ f.da, msßi foiu n,d

—fï udf.a reêrh fõ ¡ Tn Wfoid ud fy<kd

ud isys lrkd ms‚i u ¡ fuh ieu od isÿ fõjdæ˜

5' ÈjH i;am%idoh kï ¡ W;=ï ksOdkhla fjñka

mQcljrhhs kï ,;a ¡ ;j;a ksOdkhla f,iska

uy n%yiam;skaod Èk ¡ wka;su ? fndcqk ;=<ska

ia:dms; jQ m%idofha ¡ ksOdkhka ;E.s f,iska

6' YdÍßl iqjh i|yd ¡ l=ig wyr wejeis f,fia

wd;añl iqjh m;d ¡ yog wyr wejeis fjf;a

fm%aufha ksOdkh jk ¡ isß mQmh ,nk f,fia

Èkm;d u fjfyfiuq wms ¡ r;a;rka mqxÑ ÿfõ mqf;a

43

hdÉ[dj

wdor fÊiq iñ÷ks" ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia ;=<ska Tn

jykafia yuqùug uu wdihs' tA i|yd yels ieu úg u ÈjH

mQcdjg iyNd.s ùug;a Tn jykafia neye±lSug;a hym;a

ls;=kq orejl= ùug;a ug msysg jqj uekj'

wdfuka'

l%shdldrlu

³ ì%iaÜ,afndaâ ;Srejla lmd .kak'

³ tys wka;su rd;%s fNdackfha § fÊiq iñ÷ka mejiQ W;=ï

joka ,shkak'

³ th mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

mejreu

1 flá ms<s;=re ,shkak'

¸' fÊiqia jykafia f.da,hkaf.a mdo fiaÿfõ ljod o@

¸¸' uy n%yiam;skaod Èk ia:dms; l< m%ido ksOdk fol

kï lrkak'

¸¸¸' mdo fia§fï § fÊiqia jykafia fmkajd ÿka W;=ï

.=Kdx.hla ,shkak'

1 flá ms<s;=re ,shkak'

44

tod bßod ojila' wfma óiï mjqf,a —iqyo yuqj˜ meje;ajqfKa

óifï ish¨ fokdf.a u tluq;=lñka yd iyfhda.fhka'

tÈk ish¨ jev lghq;= wdrïN jQfha W;=ï jQ ÈjH mQcd hd.h

isÿ lsÍfuka' ÈjH mQcdj wdrïN ùug m%:u wm ish¨ fokd

foajia:dkhg we;=¿ jqfKa fmryeßka' uq,ska u we;=¿ jQfha

O¾u¥; <ud iudcfha <uhskqhs' bka miqj ms<sfj<ska ußh

yuqodj" ;reK iñ;sh" Y%S yDoh iñ;sh" foajud;d ks¾u,

yDoh iñ;sh" oyï .=rejr .=rejßhka" mQcd Wojq iñ;sfha

fidhqrka iu. msh;=ud foajia:dkhg we;=¿ úh'

ÈjH mQcdj wdrïN lrñka msh;=ud lshd isáfha óiu fm%aufha

iudchla njhs' óiï mjq,la f,i" wm ish¨ fokd u tluq;=

lrk fm%aufha fNdackh ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia nj;a msh;=ud

meyeÈ,s lr ÿkakd' tA jf.a u óiï mjq,la f,i ieu od u

úfYaI f.!rjhlska" Nla;shlska iurk W;=ï fNdackh;a

fm%aufha iudchla f.dvkÕuq

14'1 rEmh ¡ iñ;s iud.ï fmryßka foajia:dkhg we;=¿ ùu

14

45

ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia nj lshd ÿkakd' tÈk ÈjH mQcdfõ §

fjkodg jvd wdorhlska uu;a fÊiq iñ÷ ,nd .;a;d'

ÈjH mQcd hd.h wjika jQ miq wm ish¨ fokd foajia:dk

N+ñfha iQodkï lr ;snQ ix.%yh i|yd wiqka .;a;d' ieu

mjq,lska u /f.kú;a ;snQ wdydr tl;-= lr ieu fokd w;r

fnod .;a;d' fï ix.%yh N=la;s ú¢k w;f¾ wfma óifï

msh;=ud úúO iñ;sj,ska iQodkï lr ;snQ ;E.s È<s÷ mjq,a

lsysmhla w;r fnod ÿkakd' wfma mjqf,a ieu fokd;a tu ;E.s

§u i|yd iyNd.s jqKd'

hdÉ[dj

wdor fÊiq iñ÷ks" ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia ;=< Tn

jykafia Ôjudk nj w;aolskakg wo isg u uÕ fmkakqj

uekj'

wdfuka'

1' Tfí óifï ku ,shkak'

2' Tfí óifï Tng iyNd.s úh yels iñ;s fudkjd o@

3' <ud O¾u¥; iudchg iyNd.s ù Tng l< yels hym;a

l%shd foll a kï lrkak'

mejreu

46

wïud ( mq;d''' ÿj''' f;a fndkak tkak'

mq;d ( wïfï" fï n,kak wfma àp¾f.a ku —<ud m%§mh˜

m;a;f¾ ;sfhkjd'

ÿj ( wïfï" wmg wd.u W.kajkafk;a tA àp¾ u ;uhs'

wïud ( flda''' n,kak' wd''' àp¾ m;a;f¾g ,smshla ,sh,d'

jákd ,smshla jf.a' mq;d lshjkakfld tAl wmg;a

wefykak'

mq;d ( —Y=oaOjka; Ôú;hla .; lruq'˜

ÿfõ" mqf;a" ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia lshkafka

W;=ï u m%ido ksOdkhhs' fm%aufha m%ido ksOdkh

lshkafka;a ÈjH i;am%ido ksOdkhg uhs' b;sx fÊiq

iñ÷ yeu od u wmg yuqjkak mq¿jka fyd| u

úÈy ;uhs ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia' ÈjH i;am%ido

jykafia ,nd .kak wm fyd| iQodkulska hkak

´kE' úfYaIfhka ksjerÈ mdfmdaÉpdrKhla lsÍu

b;d u jeo.;a' fya;=j wm w;ska ±kqj;aj fyda

fkd±kqj;aj ks;r u jerÈ isÿ fjkjd' tA jf.a u

fÊiq iñ÷ ,nd .kak hk úg b;d u f.!rjfhka

yd Nla;sfhka oE;a tl;= lr je|f.k hkak ´kE'

ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia ;=<ska fÊiq iñ÷ wm iu.

Ôjudkj jev isák nj ms<s.kak ´kE'

ÈjH mQmh ;=< fÊiq iñ÷ Ôjudkj jev isák nj

iuyre úYajdi lrkafka keye'

Y=oaOjka; Ôú;hla .; lruq15

47

uu ÿj,d" mq;d,g lshkak hkafka wúYajdih ksid isÿ jQ

m%d;syd¾hhla ms<sn|jhs' fuu m%d;syd¾hh isÿ jQfha 1374

j¾Ifha ksß;È. fko¾,ka;fha ñâ,an¾.a m%foaYfha h'

ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia .ek lsis úYajdihla ke;s" fcdaka

lsh,d ovínr ;reKfhla isáhd' fudyq mdfmdaÉpdrKh

lf<;a keye' tA;a p;dßl ld,fha tla bre Èkl fudyq ÈjH

i;am%ido jykafia ,nd .kakg ÈjH mQcdjg .shd'

yß u mqÿuhla" fcdaka fÊiq ,nd .;a úg thdg oekqKd thdf.a

lfÜ uia lE,a,la jeks fohla ;sfnk nj' fcdaka ldg;a

fydfrka ÈjH mQmh yemqjd' fcdakaf.a lg mqrd u f,a' fï

isÿùu;a iu. fcdakaf.a Ôú;h fjkia jqKd' Tyq fyd|g u

we~qjd' miqj foõ ue÷f¾ isá yefudag u wefykak lE.y,d

mdfmdaÉpdrKh l<d' tod isg Tyq hym;a Ôú;hla .; l<d'

b;ska ÿfõ" mqf;a" hym;a Ôú; .; lrkakg wmg yels

jkafk;a jerÈ foaj,ska iy kmqre foaj,ska wE;a ùug yels

jkafk;a" we;a; l;d lrkak mq¿jka jkafk;a ÈjH i;am%ido

jykafia ,nd .ekSfuka nj Tng jegfykjd fkao@ tA ksid

ÈjH i;am%ido jykafiag ieu fudfyd;l u f.!rj lrkak"

Tn ieug fÊiq msysghs'

15'1 rEmh ¡ ÈjH mQmh iy l-=i,dkh

48

hdÉ[dj

ÈjH i;am%ido fÊiqks" yels ieu úg u úYajdifhka Tn

jykafia ,nd .ekSug wmg msysg jqj uekj' tu.ska wfma

Ôú;h ,iaik l< uekj' kmqre n,fõ.j,ska wm wdrlaId

l< uekj'

wdfuka'

l%shdldrlu

Tng yels ieu úg u ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia neye±lSug yd

,nd .ekSug Wkkaÿ jkak'

mejreu

1' mdvfï i|yka <ud lf;da,sl mqj;am; l=ula o@

2' ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia wúYajdi l< ;reKhd ljqo@

3' ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia ,nd .ekSu i|yd iQodkï úh hq;=

wdldr folla ,shkak'

4' kmqfrka je<lS hym;a Ôú;hla .; lsÍug wjYH Yla;sh

b,a,d l=vd hdÉ[djla ,shkak'

wïud ( yß u jákd ,smshla' mqxÑ Thd,g ú;rla fkfõ

jeäysá wmg;a jeo.;a lreKq fï ,smsfha ;sfnkjd'

49

foú mshdKkaf.a wdorhg wdorh olajuq

foú mshdKka jykafia wmg buy;a f,i wdorh olajkjd' foú

mshdKka jykafiag wm wdorh l< hq;af;a fldfydu o lsh,d

Tjqka jykafia wmg lsh,d ÿkakd' foú mshdKka jykafia

f;dard .;a ck;dj BY%dfh,a ck;djhs' Tjqka ñirfha jy,a

nfjka uqojd f.k lsßfhka yd me‚fhka msreKq foaYhla

lrd f.k hk njg foú mshdKka jykafia fmdfrdkaÿ jqKd'

tA i|yd f;dard .;af;a fudafiia ;=udjhs'

th t;rï f,fyis myiq .ukla fkdfõ' fï .ufka §

fï uyd fikÕ foú mshdKka jykafia wleue;s foaj,a

16'1 rEmh ¡ iSkhs l÷ uqÿfka § fudafiia ;=udg oi

mk; odkh lsÍu

16

50

lrkakg fm<UqKd' fï ish¨ foa ÿgq foú mshdKka

jykafia fudafiia ;=udg l;d l<d' tA jk úg Tjqka isáfha

iSkhs lkao mduq,' fudafiia ;=ud l÷ uqÿkg kex.d' ish¨

ckhd hym;a f,i Ôj;a úh hq;= wdldrh ,shd we;s oi mk;

wvx.= .,a mqjre fol foúhka jykafia Tyqg ÿkakd' ish¨

ck;djg fï mk;a lshd fok f,i foú mshdKka jykafia

fudafiia ;=udg lsjqjd' fï ;sfnkafka tA .,a mqjre folhs¦

4' ujqmshkag ix.%y lrkak

5' Ôú; úkdY fkdlrkak

6' lduñ:Hdpdrh

fkdlrkak

7' fidrlï fkdlrkak

8' fndre idlaIs fkdlshkak

9' mrodr wd,h fkdlrkak

10' wkajia;= wdid fkdlrkak

1' ienE jQ tl u foúhkag

muKla jkaokd lrkak

2' foúhka jykafiaf.a Y%S

kduh .ek fndrejgj;a

ksr¾:hgj;a fkdÈjqrkak

3' breÈk;a Kh ux., Èk;a

ksjdvq j,x.= lrkak

.=re;=ñh( Thd,d okakjd o wehs .,a mqjre foll oi mk;

,sh,d ÿkafka lsh,d@

<uhs ( àp¾" wms yß wdihs tA .ek ±k .kak'

51

hdÉ[dj

wdor foú mshdfKks" foaj mk;a wkq.ukh lrñka wfma

Ôú; ksjerÈ lr .kakg;a" tA u.ska wm Ôj;a jk iudch

hym; lrd f.k hkakg;a wmg wjYH Y=oaOd;au uÕ

fmkaùu ,nd ÿk uekj'

wdfuka'

.=re;=ñh( m<uq .,a mqjrefõ we;s 1" 2" 3 hk foaj mk;a

uÕska wmg lshd fokafka ish¨ u foag jvd uq¿ukska

u foú mshdKka jykafiag muKla fm%au l< hq;=

njhs'

wfkla .,a mqjrefõ we;s 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 9 yd 10 hk

foaj mk;aj,ska wmg W.kajkafka" ;udg fuka

u wi,a jeishkag;a fm%au l< hq;= njhs' fÊiqia

jykafia Ôj;a jQ ld,fha mgka fï foaj mk;a

fm%aufha mk;a f,i kï flreKd'

<uhs ( ia;+;shs àp¾" wmg foaj mk;a .ek lshd ÿkakdg'

.=re;=ñh( fï mk;aj,g wkqj Ôj;a ùu foú mshdKka

jykafiaf.a leue;a;hs' tA jf.a u foú mshdKka

jykafia wmg olajk wdorhg wms;a wdorh lrkak

´kE' tA ;uhs m%;sfm%auh' b;sx wm m%;sfm%auh olajkak

kï fï oi mk; wkqj Ôj;a úh hq;=uhs'

52

w ms fyd | < u hs ka fj uq

ie nE jQ t l u fo ú h ka

j y ka fia g m u K la j

ka o kd l r ka k w ka

w h g W o jq l r uq

fnd re id la Is fkd ls h ka k

i u .s fh ka Ô j ;a fj uq

u jq ms h ka g i x .% y

l r ka k ie u g u

wd o r fh ka l ;d l r uq

2' by; fldgq cd,h ;=< u hym;a Ôú;hla i|yd wdo¾Y o

imhd we;' tAjd fidhd wNHdi fmdf;a ,shkak' tA wkqj Ôj;a

ùug W;aidy lrkak' WÞ (¡ iu.sfhka Ôj;a fjuq'

3' ;=kajk mk; ms<sme§ug Tng l< yels foa fudkjd ±hs

.=re;-=ñhf.ka wid ±k .kak'

mejreu

1' my; fldgq cd,fha ieÕù we;s foaj mk;a fidhd

fjka lrkak' tAjd wNHdi fmdf;a ,shkak'

l%shdldrlu

oi mk; lg mdvï lrkak' tA wkqj Ôj;a jkak'

53

fiajhg

lem jQ

wdo¾Yj;a

pß;

úúOdldrfhka idlaIs orhs17

54

Y=oafOda;a;u msh;=ud we;=¿ wfkl=;a mQcl meúÈ ish¨ fokd

u l%sia;=ka jykafia b.ekajQ O¾uh yd Ôú;do¾Yh bÈßhg

f.k h;s¦ wm o foaj wdorh ,nd .ekSu i|yd Y=oaO jQ iNd

kdhlhkag .re lrñka wdorfhka lghq;= l< hq;= h'

wm rg md,kh lrk md,lhska" ffjoHjreka" .=rejreka"

f.dúuy;=ka" lïlrejka wdÈ ieuf.ka jk fiajh o ñ, l<

fkdyels h' Tjqkaf.a hq;=lï iy j.lSï yßhdldrj bgqlr

.ekSug wm ieu Wojq úh hq;= h'

fÊiqia jykafiaf.a wdorh ,nd .ekSug" wka whg ,nd §ug

fjfyi ù lghq;= lrk fjk;a wh o isá;s' ls;=kq tAll

kdhl kdhsldfjda ls;=kq ck;dj fjkqfjka ueÈy;aj lghq;=

lr;s' ta i`oyd foaj jpkh fnod .ksñka tlaj hÈñka fmdÿ

lghq;=j, § msh;=ukag Wojq ùu isÿ lr;s' fï wdldrhg wm-

fjkqfjka úúOdldrfhka fjfyi jk ish,a,ka Wfoid wm

hdÉ[d l< hq;= h'

l=vd wms;a wmf.a yelshd jeä ÈhqKq lr.ksñka wka whg

fiajh lsÍug lem fjuq' l%sia;=ka jykafia wkqj Èú f.jk

ienE kdhlhka ùug wms;a mqreÿ fjuq'

hdÉ[dj

wdor foú mshdfKks" ug;a ienE kdhlfhl= f,i Tn

jykafiaf.a wdorhg idlaIs orkakg jrï ÿk uekj'

wdfuka'

55

1' Tnf.a óiu Ndr msh;=ud fjkqfjka Tng l< yels hq;=lï

folla ,shkak'

2' my; ±lafjk f;dr;=re wNHdi fmdf;a msgm;a lrf.k

úúO kdhlhkag wod< fiajdj fidhd hd lrkak'

kdhlhka

² mQcl ;=uka,d

² rfÜ md,lhska

² ls;=kq tAll kdhlhska

² mka;s kdhlhska

fiajd

² ck;dj fjkqfjka hq;=lï

bgq lsÍu

² .=re;-=ñhg iydh ±laùu

² ÈjH mQcdj meje;aùu

² heÿï fufyhka ixúOdk

lsÍu

mejreu

l%shdldrlu

j;auka iqo;=ï msh;=ud l=vd orejka flfrys olajk ohd

lreKdj úoyd ±lafjk mska;+r tl;= lr fmd;a msxpla

idokak'

56

³ uf.a ku udß *%ekaiqjd f;fria

udáka'

³ uu bmÿfKa 1873 ckjdß 02 jk Èk

m%xYfha we,kafidka k.rfha'

³ uf.a mshd ¨úia udáka' uj fi,ska

f./ka' ug ifydaor ifydaoßhka wg-

fofkls' uu mjqf,a nd,hd'

³ ud l=vd ld,fha § uf.a uj ñh .shd'

jeäuy,a fidhqßh ld¾fï,a ksldhg

we;=<;aj meúÈ Ôú;h f;dard .;a;d'

³ uu;a wjqreÿ myf<dfõ § ld¾fï,a ksldhg we;=<;aj meúÈ Ôú;h

f;dard .;a;d'

³ uu iaj¾.hg we;=¿ jqfKa 1897 iema;eïn¾ 30 jk Èkhs'

fÊiqf.a l=vd u, ùug ud W;aidy lf<a fuf,ihs'

² ud b;d l=vd ls%hd mjd b;d i;=áka yd wdorfhka bgq l<d'

² u¾ok l%shd uÕska mõldr jQ wh .<jd .ekSug ud hdÉ[d l<d'

² O¾u¥; lghq;=j, fhfok msh;=uka,d fjkqfjka hdÉ[d l<d'

² ug jerÈ l< whg ud hym; l<d'

² ud ;o n, f,i frda.S jQ úg is;g .;g ±kqK fõokd i;=áka

ord .;a;d'

fÊiq iñ÷f.a l=vd f;f¾id uqks;=ñh

uf.a ku udß *%ekaiqjd f;fria

uu bmÿfKa 1873 ckjdß 02 jk Èk

uf.a mshd ¨úia udáka' uj fi,ska

jeäuy,a fidhqßh ld¾fï,a ksldhg

18'1 rEmh ¡ l=vd f;f¾id uqks;=ñh

18

57

² ug laIh frda.h je,÷Kd' tys § ug fndfyda fõokd ±kqKd'

tA;a uu i;=áka Ôj;a jqfKa fÊiqia jykafiaf.a uy;a jQ wdorh

ksihs'

² udf.a fuf,dj wjidk jpk jQfha- ¡ —udf.a foúhks uu Tng

fndfyda fia wdorh lrñ˜ hkakhs'

hdÉ[dj

wdor foú mshdfKks" fÊiq iñ÷f.a l=vd u,la jkakg

wmg;a Wojq jqj uekj' wm lrkd mqxÑ l%shdjl § mjd Tn

jykafiag úYajdijka;j" i;=áka tA foa lrkakg wmg msysg

jqj uekj' l=vd f;f¾id uqksjßhks" wm ksid hdÉ[d l<

uekj'

wdfuka

mejreu

1 jryka ;=<ska f;dard ysia;eka mqrjkak'

^myf<dfõ §" we,kafidka" ld¾fï,a" ¨úia&

1' l-=vd f;f¾id uqks;=ñh bmÿfKa '''''''''''''''''''''''''' k.rfha

h'

2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''' udáka" l=vd f;f¾id uqks;=ñhf.a mshd fõ'

3' t;=ñh jhi wjqreÿ '''''''''''''''''''''''''' meúÈ Ôú;h f;dard

.;a;d h'

4' t;=ñh '''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;dmi ksldhg we;¿ jQjd h'

³ Tlaf;dan¾ ui 01 jk Èk l=vd f;f¾id uqks;=ñhf.a

ux.,Hh iurkq ,nhs'

³ O¾u¥; fiajh i|yd lemjQjkaf.a iy l=vd <uqkaf.a

kdu idka;=jßh wehhs'

58

l%shdldrlu

l=vd f;f¾id uqks;=ñhf.a <ud ld,h yd meúÈ Ôú;h ms<sn|

mska;+r tl ne.ska tl;= lr wNHdi fmdf;a w,jkak'

2 ^w& fldgig .e<fmk ms<s;=r ^wd& fldgiska f;dard hd

lrkak'

² f;f¾id uqksjßhf.a Wmka Èkh

² t;=ñhf.a uj

² mjqf,a ifydaor ifydaoßhka

² f;f¾id ;=ñhg je,÷fKa

² fu;=ñhf.a ux.,Hh

² wg fofkls

² laIh frda.h

² Tlaf;dan¾ 01

² fi,ska f./ka

² ckjdß 02

^w& ^wd&

59

t;=udf.a ux.,Hh ud¾;= 10

jk Èk iurkq ,efí'

bmÿfKa 1842 wfm%a,a 02 jk Èk

rg ( b;d,sh

k.rh ( uQ¾;dk

.u ( uqßwe,afvda

mshd ( pd,aia idúfhda

uj ( ì%cÜ

mjqf,a mej;s w.ysÕlï ksid

mdi,a hdug fkdyels úh'

mdi,;a" .=rejrhd;a jQfha ish

uE‚hka h'

miq ld,Skj fcdaka fndiafld

msh;=-udf.a uÕ fmkaùu hgf;a

ye§ jevqfKa h'

iaj¾.ia: jQfha 1857 ud¾;= 09

jk Èkhs'

mqxÑ fodñksla idúfhda wmg wdo¾Yhla jQ whqre

³ wêl YS;," fjfyi uykaish fkd;ld Èkm;d ÈjH mQcdjg

iyNd.s ùu

³ ÈjH i;am%ido jykafiag yd hdÉ[djg úfYaI <eÈhdjla ±laùu

³ ußh ;=ñh ;udf.a uj fuka ie,lSu yd wdorh lsÍu

³ ÿla fõokd" lror" w.ysÕlï ord .ekSu

³ ,o fohska i;=gq ùu

³ ks¾u," wjxl" neyem;a" wysxil" orefjla ùu

mqxÑ fodñksla idúfhda uqks;=ud

19'1 rEmh ¡ fodñksla idúfhda uqks;=ud

19

60

³ mQcd Wojq orejkaf.a kdu idka;=jrhd

fõ'

hdÉ[dj

wdor foú mshdfKks" Y=oaO jQ fodñksla idúfhda uqks;=ud

fuka neyem;a orejl= ùug ug jrï ÿk uekj'

wdfuka'

mqxÑ

fodñksla idúfhda

uqks;=ud

³ m%:u jrg ÈjH i;am%ido jykafia

,nk orejkaf.a idka;=jrhd fõ'

l%shdldrlu

<ud Y=oaOjka; Ôú; l;d fidhd lshjkak'

mejreu

1' ysia;ekg .e<fmk ms<s;=r jryka ;=<ska f;dard wNHdi

fmdf;a ,shkak'

^pd,aia idúfhda" ud¾;= 10" uqßwe,afvda" ì%cÜ" b;d,sh"

uE‚hka&

mqxÑ fodñksla idúfhda bmÿfKa '''''''''''''''''''''' kï rfÜ

uQ¾;dkd k.rfha ''''''''''''''''''''''' kï .%dufha h' fu;=udf.a

mshd ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' jQ w;r uj '''''''''''''''''''''''''' jQjd

h' fodñksla idúfhdaf.a mdi,;a" .=re;=ñh;a jQfha ;u

''''''''''''''''''''''''' h' Y=oaO jQ fodñksla idúfhda uqks;=udf.a

ux.,Hh fh§ we;af;a ''''''''''''''''''''''''' jk Èkhs'

2' Y=oaO jQ fodñksla idúfhda uqks;=udf.a Ôú; .=Kdx.j,ska

Tfí Ôú;hg tl;= lr.; yels .=Kdx. y;rla ,shkak'

^1&

^2&

^3& ^4&

^5&

^6&

61

Y%S ,xldfõ m%:u ldÈk,a ysñmdKka jQfjda w;s W;=ï f;dauia

ldÈk,a l=f¾ ysñmdfKda h' isß,lg uy;a fiajhla l<

fu;=ud flfrys foú÷kaf.a le|ùfï úúO wjia:d ms<sfj<ska

y÷kd .ksuq'

1988---¡-- -10-¡29

iaj¾.ia: ùu

w.ro.=re;=ul= ùu

ldÈk,a ;k;=rg

m;a ùu

ro.=re;=ul= ùu

mQcljrh ,eîu ^ks'u'ks&

iydh ro.=re;=ul=

ó.uqfõ Wm; ,eîu

1901-¡12-¡28

^1&

^2&

^3&

^4&

^5&

^6&

^7&

w;s W;=ï f;dauia ldÈk,a l=f¾ ysñmdfKda

w.ro.=re;=ul= ùu

iydh ro.=re;=ul=

20'1 rEmh ¡ w;s W;=ï f;dauia

ldÈk,a l=f¾ ysñmdfKda

20

62

.=rejreka mqyqKq lsÍu

i|yd O¾fudamfoaY

uOHia:dkh wdrïN

lsÍu

ÈjH mQcdj fy< nig

mßj¾;kh lsÍu

foõi;ay,aj, yd

mdi,aj, lf;da,sl

wOHdmkh ,nd §u

² <ud ksjdih wdrïN

lsÍu

² ld¾ñl úoHd,h

wdrïN lsÍu

² neis,sld foajia:dkh

f.dvkeÕSu

² mQcl {dkldka;s

ksjdih wdrïN lsÍu

u.af.dk

;ïñg

foaj jkaokd

i|yd

wOHdmkh

i|yd

f;aj;a;

t;=udf.a fiajfhka ì|la

63

w;s W;=ï f;dauia ldÈk,a ysñmdKkaf.a Ôú;fhka wmg .;

yels wdo¾Y

² ksy;udkslu

² foúhkag wjk; ùu

² foaj úYajdih ;=< hym;a tfårl= f,i fiajh lsÍu

² ohd lreKdfjka mõlrejka .,jd .ekSu

² È<s÷ka fj; lreKdj ±laùu

² ;u fiajh foaj uysuh Wfoid lem lsÍu

² hdÉ[dfõ Ôú;hla .; lsÍu

hdÉ[dj

wdor foú mshdfKks" wm fjkqfjka uyÕ= fiajhla l< w;s

W;=ï f;dauia ldÈk,a ysñmdKkaf.a Ôú;h fjkqfjka" Tn

jykafiag ;=;s mqouq' t;=udKkaf.a Ôú; wdo¾Yh wkqj Èú

f.jkakg wmg o jrï ÿk uekj'

wdfuka'

mejreu

1' ±yeñ Ôú;hla .; lsÍu i|yd Tng l< yels l%shd y;rla

,shd olajkak'

2' m%:u ldÈk,a ysñmdKka úiska lrk ,o tla fiajhla kï

lrkak'

64

tla;rd ld,hl ñir foaYhg w¨;a rfcla m;a úh' Tyqf.a

ku mdrdfjda h' tu ld,fha ñir foaYfha u BY%dfh,a ck;dj

o mÈxÑj isáfhda h' fuu BY%dfh,a ck;dj ñir jdiSkag jvd

jeäfhka isá nj ÿgq mdrdfjda rc;=ud ìh úh' tneúka Tyq

BY%dfh,a ck;djg WmÈk ish¨ msßñ orejka khs,a .Õg

úislr ouk f,ig wK lf<a h' ;j o BY%dfh,a ck;djg

nr jev lsÍug o t;=ud wK lf<a h'

fï w;r BY%dfh,a cd;sl mjq,l msßñ orefjla bmÿfKa h'

Tjqyq udi ;=kla muK ryiska orejd /l n,d .;af;da h' ;j

ÿrg;a tfia lsÍug wmyiq jQ neúka orejd wdrlaId iys; mka

fmÜáhl nyd khs,a .fÕa ng m÷re w;r iÕjd ;nk ,È' tA

wjia:dfõ khs,a .Õg Èh kEug meñ‚ rc;=udf.a ¥ l=ußh

fï mka fmÜáh ÿgqjd h' weh tA fmÜáh wer n,d ,iaik

msßñ orejl= nj ±l Tyq ;u orejl= fuka yod .ekSug /f.k

.shd h' orejd c,fhka f.dv .;a ksid Tyqg zfudafiiaZ hk

kduh ;nk ,È'

fudafiia ;=ud

21'1 rEmh ¡ fudafiia ;=ud

21

65

fufia rc jdi, ;=< ish¨ iem iïm;a iys;j rc l=url= ,nk

ieu Ys,amhla u bf.k .ksñka Ôj;a ùug foúhka jykafia

fudafiiag bv ie,iQ fial' Tyqg ÿla ú¢k ck;dj fjkqfjka

ueÈy;a ùug isÿùu ksid ráka m,d hdug isÿúh' tfia m,d

f.dia ñÈhka foaYfha mÈxÑ úh' tys § ;u uduKaähf.a

neg¿ mÜáh /l n,d .ksñka isáh § fkd±fjk .sks m÷rla

wdldrfhka foúhka jykafia fudafiiag o¾Ykh úh'

21'2 rEmh ¡ fudafiiag foúhka jykafia o¾Ykh ùu

BY%dfh,a ck;djg msgj hdug bv fkdÿkafka h' tu ksid

foúhka jykafia BY%dfh,a ck;dj uqod .ekSu i|yd ñir

jdiSka fj; jix.; tùug ie,eiajQy'

kej; ñirhg f.dia

mdrdfjda rcqf.a

jy,alñka BY%dfh,a

ck;dj fmdfrdkaÿ

foaYh lrd f.k

hk f,i foúhka

jykafia fudafiiag

wK l< fial'

tfy;a mdrdfjda rcq

;u ys; ±ä lr f.k

jix.; oyh

1' j;-=r f,a ùu 6' .vq Wjÿr

2' ueä Wjÿr 7' .,a j¾Id Wjÿr

3' lsks;=¨ Wjÿr 8' m<Õeá Wjÿr

4' ueis Wjÿr 9' .k÷re Wjÿr

5' .j iïm; jekiSu 10' l=¿÷,ka ueÍu

66

miqj fudafiia ;=ud wjxlj lemùfuka yd foaj lreKdfjka

BY%dfh,a ck;dj uqod f.k fmdfrdkaÿ foaYh lrd f.k

.sfha h' tA ksid fudafiia ;=ud BY%dfh,a ck;djf.a ùrhl=

f,i ie,fla'

hdÉ[dj

wdor foú mshdfKks" fudafiia ;=ud fuka wjxlj yd tä;rj

ug mejfrk j.lSï bgq lsÍug ud Wkkaÿ l< uekj'

wdfuka'

fudafiia ;=udf.a .=Kdx.

³ foúhka jykafia flfrys úYajdih

³ foúhka jykafiag ±lajQ lSlrelu

³ tä;rlu

³ ck;djg ±lajQ wkqlïmdj yd wdorh

³ bjiSu

mejreu

1 ^w& fldgig .e<fmk ms<s;=r ^wd& fldgiska f;dard hd lrkak'

² ueç Wjÿr

² c,fhka f.dv.;a

² mSvd lf<a h

² .sks m÷rla u.sks

² fudafiia hk kdufha w¾:h

² mdrdfjda rcq BY%dfh,a ck;djg

² foúhka jykafia fudafiiag l;d lf<a

² ñir jeishkag meñ‚ jix.;hls

^w& ^wd&

2 foúhka jykafia ñir jdiSka fj; tjQ jix.; myla ,shkak'

67

fmdf;a .=re ( ;j o tla ld,hl

rcjre ke;s hq.hl

tm%dhsï l÷ rfÜ

t,aldkd kï ñksfila úh'

ykakd kï jQ Tyqf.a ìßh

b;d ±yeñ ia;%shla jQjd h'

orejka fkdue;s ksid Tjqyq

foúhka bÈßfha ks;s m;d

hdÉ[d lf<da h'

fkdlvjd l< hdÉ[d M, .ekaù

wehg mqf;la bmÿfKa h'

wE ;u mq;=g

iduqfj,a Èjeiam%idÈ ;=ud

22'1 rEmh ¡ iduqfj,af.a le|ùu

22

68

—iñ|dKka jykafiaf.ka b,a,d

.;a neúka˜ hk f;areu we;sj

—iduqfj,a˜ hk ku ;enqjd h'

iduqfj,a ;u uj

foúhka bÈßfha jQ fmdfrdkaÿj u;

tA,S kï mQclhd <Õ

fufia ye§ jevqfKa h'

^iñ|dKka jykafiaf.a Y=oaOdikh bÈßfha iduqfj,a ks|d

isáhs' myk ±,afjhs&

foaj y~ ( iduqfj,a" iduqfj,a'

iduqfj,a( ^tA,S mQclhd <Õg f.dia& uu fuys h' Tn ug w~

.eiqfjys o@

tA,S

mQclhd ( uu y~ fkd.eiSñ' Tn f.dia ks|d .kak'

foaj y~ (^iduqfj,a h<s ks|d .kshs' iduqfj,ag h<s;a y~

wefihs& iduqfj,a" iduqfj,a'

iduqfj,a( ^tA,S mQclhd <Õg kej;;a f.dia& we;a;g u Tn

ug w~ .eiqfjys o@ fukak ud fuys h'

tA,S

mQclhd ( udf.a mq;%h" uu w~ fkd.eiSñ' kej; ks|d .kak'

^iduqfj,a h<s ks|hs' h<s;a iduqfj,a hk y~

wefia' iduqfj,a wjÈ ù tA,S mQclhd wi,g Èj hhs&

iduqfj,a ( Tn ug l;d lf<ys o@ fukak ud fuys h'

69

tA,S

mQclhd ( ̂we;a;g u foúhka jykafia <uhdg y~ .ikjd úh

yelshs'''''' ;udg u lshd .kshs& Tn f.dia ks|d .kak'

Tng kej; w~ .eiqfjd;a —iñ|dKka jykai" l;d

l< uekj' Tn jykafiaf.a fufylrejd ijka §

isákjd˜ hehs lshkak'

^kej;;a iduqfj,a" iduqfj,a hehs y~ wefia&

iduqfj,a( iñ|dKka jykai" l;d l< uekj' Tn jykafiaf.a

fufylrejd ijka § isákjd'

fuf,i foúhka jykafiaf.a fiajhg iduqfj,a le|jk ,È'

ks;r ks;r foúhka jykafia l;d lrñka ;u ck;dj hyu.

heùug Tyqg u. fmkajQ fial'

fufia iduqfj,a Èjeisjrhd fuka l=vd l, isg u wms;a foaj

y~g wjk; fjuq' hdÉ[d lr foúmshd iu. iïnkaO fjuq'

lror" ndOl ueo úYajdifhka Ôj;a fjuq'

hdÉ[dj

wdor foú iñ÷ks" iduqfj,a Èjeiam%idÈ ;=ud fuka foaj

y~ f;areï .ekSug;a wka wh foaj y~g ijka §ug fhduq

lsÍug;a ug Wojq jqj uekj'

wdfuka'

70

mejreu

1 ysia;ekg iqÿiq jpk mdvñka f;dard ,shkak'

iñ|dKka jykai" l;d l< uekj'

fufylrejd § ˜

2 my; m%fya<sldj mqrjkak'

1

2

3

id

y kd

yryg

1' l=vd ld,fha u foúhka jykafia úiska f;dard.kq ,enQ

Èjeisjrfhls'

3' iduqfj,af.a uj

my<g

2' iduqfj,af.a mshd

3 iduqfj,a Èjeisjrhd fuka Tng;a wka wh fjkqfjka

ueosy;a ùug jrï b,a,d heÿula ,shkak'

4 iduqfj,af.a le|ùu Ñ;%hg kÕkak'

71

uf.a ku t,shd

uu foúhka

jykafiag fm%au l<d'

uu foaj y~g

ijka ÿkakd'

tl u foú÷ka

fj; ck;dj

fhduq l<d'

tod BY%dfh,a ck;dj md,kh lf<a wdyí lsh,d rc

flfkla' Tyq yß u oreKq f,i ;uhs rg md,kh lf<a'

Tyq iñ|dKka jykafia bÈßfha kmqre foa l<d' ck;dj foú

iñ|dKkaf.ka wE;a lrùug l%shd l<d' fujeks ld,hl ;uhs

foúhka jykafiaf.a Èjeisjr fiajdjg ud f;dar.;af;a' wdyí

rcqf.a whym;a l%shd l,dmh ksid ud foúhka jykafiaf.a

wK mßÈ kshÕhla we;s ùug ie,eiajQjd'

foúhka jykafia jod< f,i uu tA ld,fha flß;a kï Th <Õ

ieÕj isáhd' uu j;=r îfõ tu Tfhka' ug wdydrj,ska lsis

wvqjla ;snqfK keye' foúhka jykafiaf.a wK mßÈ lmqgka

ug Woh iy ijia ld,fha lEug frdá iy uia ÿkakd'

Èjeisjr t,shd

23'1 rEmh ¡ t,shd Èjeisjrhd

23

72

tfy;a ál ojila hk úg jeiai ke;s ksid Th is£ .shd'

kej;;a iñ|dKka jykafia jod< mßÈ t;ekska msg;aj

Ydfrm;a k.rhg f.dia Ôj;a jqKd'

tys § o iñ|dKka jykafiaf.a wKg lSlre ù jekaoUq ia;%shla

wehg iy wef.a mq;%hdg lkakg ;snQ wka;su msá áflka iEÿ

frdá o îug j;=r o f.k;a ÿkakd' iñ|dKka jykafiaf.a

wKg lSlre jQ ksid tu ia;%shf.a msá n÷k kshÕh bjr jk

f;la wvq jQfha keye'

ál ojila hk úg tu jekaoUq ia;%shf.a mq;d fyd|g u

frda.d;=r ù yqiau .ekSu k;r jqKd' uu foúhka jykafiag

lkak,jq lrñka hdÉ[d l<d' uf.a y~g Wkajykafia ijka

ÿkakd' jekaoUq ia;%shf.a mq;dg kej; Ôú;h ,nd ÿkakd'

23'2 rEmh ¡ lmqgka u.ska t,shd Èjeisjrhdg wdydr ,nd §u

73

fï ld,h w;r ;=r wdyí rc

iy ck;dj foú÷ka fj;g

fhduq lsÍfï jqjukdj ug ;Èka

u ±kqKd' tA ksid uu wdyí rc

yuqùug .shd' Tyq úiska lrk ,o

whym;a foaj,a .ek lshd ÿkakd'

;j o BY%dfh,a fikÕg ienE

foúhka ljqreka ±hs Tmamq

lsÍug ld¾fu,a lkao u;

mQcdjla iQodkï l<d' tys § jQ isÿ

ùfuka miq wmf.a foú iñ|dKka

jykafia ienE jQ tl u foúhka

jykafia u nj ck;dj ms<s.;a;d'

Tjqka kej; is;a yrjd .;a;d'

kshÕh o fl<jr jqKd' foúhka

jykafia yd ck;dj w;r ÿria jQ

in|;dj kej; f.dvkeÕ=Kd'

mejreu

1 mdvfuka fidhd flá ms<s;=re imhkak'

¸' BY%dfh,a ck;dj md,kh l< rcq ljqo@

¸¸' t,shd ieÕj isáfha lskï Th <Õ o@

¸¸¸' t,shd foúhka jykafiag mQcdjla Tmamq lf<a l=uk

lkafoa § o@

¸¹' kshÕh mej;s ld,fha § t,shdg ,enqKq wdydr fudkjd

o@

¹' t,shd úiska kshÕhla we;s ùug ie,eiajQfha wehs@

2 t,shd Èjeisjrhd fuka foúhka jykafia woydf.k tA wkqj

lghq;= lsÍug wjYH jrï m;d l=vd hdÉ[djla ,shkak'

23'3 rEmh ¡ ld¾fï,a lkao u; mQcdjla Tmamq

lsÍu

74

by;ska ±lafjkafka odú;a rc;=ud foúhka jykafiaf.ka

w;aÿgq wdorh yd u`. fmkaùu ms<sn`o ,shejqKq .S;hls' tys§

foúhka jykafia ;u hym;a tf`ârdKka f,i úia;r lrhs'

ks,a ;K f.d,af,a ud i;mkafka

iñ`ÿ tfårdfKda

wdor uqúfka joka iuka u,a

ud yo mqnqÿ flf¾$$

oEi u fkdmshd fkdks|d iñ`od

md ,siaiSug fkdufohs lsisod$$

.,jhs kmqfrka hk tk u`. ud

me;=ï yeug u`. Tn bgq foú|d$$

rc jQ tf`âr <uhd

24'1 rEmh ¡ odú;a neg¿jka

n,d .ekSu

24'2 rEmh ¡ ùKd jdokh

lrk odú;a

odú;a rc;=udf.a

mshd fciafia úh'

odú;a" rc ùug

fmr neg¿jka

n,d .kakd

tf`âfrla úh' Tyq

;u neg¿jkag

lrorhla ùug bv

fkd§ wdrlaId lr

.;af;a h' tfuka

u Tyq olaI ùKd

jdolfhla o úh'

24

75

24'3 rEmh ¡ iduqfj,a úiska odú;a wNsfIal lrkq ,eîu

odú;a rc;=udf.a hym;a l%shd ³ ieu úg u foúhka jykafia flf¾ úYajdih ;eîu¦ foaj .re

ìh ±laùu

³ fjk;a foújrekag jkaokd fkdlsÍu

³ ;udg fmr isá idjq,a rcqg ;snQ wikSmh ñysß ùKd

jdokfhka iqj lsÍu

³ ;udg jerÈ l< whg iudj §u yd ;u jerÈ .ek wjxlj

ÿla ùu

tjlg rc l< idjq,a rcq foúhka jykafiaf.a wK mßÈ

Ôj;a fkdù h' tA ksid Èkla foúhka jykafia iduqfj,a kï

Èjeisjrhdg l;d fldg BY%dfh,a ck;dj md,kh lsÍug

w¨;a rfcl= m;a lrkakehs mejiQ fial' tA i|yd foúhka

jykafiaf.a ie,eiau wkqj iduqfj,a úiska fciafiaf.a

mq;%fhda le|jk ,oy' Tjqka w;ßka nd,hd jk odú;a foúhka

jykafiaf.a leue;a; mßÈ ifydaorhka ish¨ fokd bÈßfha

rcq f,i wNsfIal lrk ,È'

76

hdÉ[dj

foúhka jykafia flfrys úYajdih ;nd lghq;= lsÍug;a

wmf.a olaI;dj,ska wka whg fiajh lsÍug;a wmg wjYH

jrï odkh l< uekj'

wdfuka'

^ùKd" iduqfj,a" fciafia" tf`âfrla&

¸' rc ùug fmr odú;a '''''''''''''''''''''''''' úh'

¸¸' odú;a rfcl= f,i wNsfIal lrkq ,enqfõ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

úiska h'

¸¸¸' odú;a olaI ''''''''''''''''''''''''' jdolfhls'

¸¹' odú;af.a mshd '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' úh'

2 odú;a rc;=udf.a l;dfõ is;a.;a wjia:djla Ñ;%hg kÕkak'

mejreu

1 my; i|yka fþofha ysia;ekaj,g wod< jpk jryk

;=<ska f;dard ,shkak'

77

fÊiqia jykafia f.kfir;a ú, wi, isá fial' ú, whsfka Tre folla úh' ëjrfhda Tjqkaf.a ±,a fidaoñka isáhy'

fÊiqia jykafia iSfudka fmaÿref.a Trejg keÕ iuQyhdg foaYkd lr;s

iajdókS ud

fj;ska bj;ajkak'

uu mõldrfhlañ'

ìh fkdjkak"

fu;eka isg Tn

ñksiqka Èkkq we;'

iajdókS wms uq¿ ? u fjfyi jQ kuq;a

lsisjla fkd,Èuq' tfy;a Tn lshk fiala kï

±,a fy,uq'

fmaÿre ;=udf.a le|ùu

uiqka w,a,k ms‚i ÈhUg

f.dia ±,a fy,kak'

Y=oaO jQ fmaÿre ;=ud

foaYkh ksu jQ miq fÊiqia jykafia l;d fldg

úYd, uiqka ?kla ±,g yiqfj;s'

25

78

fcdykaf.a mq;% jQ iSfudka" fudjqkag jvd

Tn ug fm%au lrkafkys o@

fcdykaf.a mq;% jQ iSfudka" Tn ug fm%au

lrkafkys o@

tfia h" iajdókS" ud Tng fm%au lrk nj

Tn okakd fial'

tfia h" iajdókS" ud Tng fm%au lrk nj

Tn okakd fial'

fÊiq;=uka wkqj hñka fmaÿre ;=ud Wkajykafiag lSlre ù

Wkajykafia wkqj .sfha h' tA wkqj fÊiqia jykafiaf.a m<uq

wfmdaia;=¨jrhd ùfï Nd.Hh ,eì‚'

fmaÿre (

fmaÿre (

fÊiqia jykafia m<uq jr l;d lrñka

fÊiqia jykafia fojk jr l;d lrñka

fÊiqia jykafia (

fÊiqia jykafia (

fÊiqia jykafia (

fÊiqia jykafia (

udf.a neg¿ megjqka fmdaIKh lrkak'

udf.a neg¿jkaf.a tfård jkak'

;=ka m%ldr Ndrh

fÊiqia jykafia u<jqkaf.ka W;a:dk jQ miq Y%djlhkag

o¾Ykh jQ fial' tfia o¾Ykh jQ tla wjia:djl § fmaÿre

;=udf.ka tl u wdldrfha m%Yak ;=kla wikq ,eî h' thg

ÿka ms<s;=r wkqj fmaÿre ;=udg fÊiqia jykafia j.lSï ;=kla

mjrk ,È' th ;=ka m%ldr Ndrh f,i Y=oaO jQ nhsn,fha

±lafõ' ^cqjdï 21(15¡17&

79

wms;a wmf.a mjq, ;=< yd mdi, ;=< wmg mejÍ we;s j.lSï

wdYdfjka bgq lruq' tu j.lSï wjxlj u bgq lsÍug Yla;sh

,nd fok foú÷kag ia;+;s m%Yxid lruq'

.=rejrekag .re

lruq

foujqmshkag

lSlre fjuq

fyd| foaj

orefjda fjuq

mjqf,a ieug

Wojq lruq

ifydaor

ifydaoßhka

fyd¢ka n,d

.ksuq

fyd|g bf.k

.ksuq

mdif,a fyd|

kdhlfhda fjuq

wka whg

wdo¾Yhla fjuq

fmaÿre ;=ud fÊiq iñ÷kag wdorh l< ksid Y=oaO jQ iNdfõ

kdhlhd úh' wms o fÊiq iñ÷kaf.a ienE f.da,hka ùug kï

t;=ukag wfma uq¿ yoj;ska u wdorh lruq'

fcdykaf.a mq;% jQ iSfudka Tn ug fm%au

lrkafkys o@

iajdókS Tn ish,a, okakd fial' ud Tn

jykafiag fm%au lrk nj Tn jykafia

okakd fial'

fmaÿre (

fÊiqia jykafia ;=kajk jr l;d lrñka

fÊiqia jykafia (

fÊiqia jykafia ( udf.a neg¿jka fmdaIKh lrkak'

80

hdÉ[dj

wdor foú mshdfKks" fmaÿre ;=ud fuka ud yg;a ls;=kq

kdhlhl= ùug le|ùula ÿka ksid Tn jykafiag ia;=;shs'

fyd| kdhlhl= f,i wka ish¨ fokdg u wdorfhka

fiajh lsÍug mqxÑ ug;a Tn jykafiaf.a jrï ÿk uekj'

wdfuka'

l%shdldrlula

² fmaÿre ;=udf.a ;=ka m%ldr Ndrh wvx.= fmdaiagrhla

ks¾udKh lr m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

mejreu

1 my; jels ljqreka úiska ld yg lshk ,oafoa o@

¸' —uiqka w,a,k ms‚i .eUqrg f.dia ±,a fy,kak'˜

¸¸' —iajdókS" ud fj;ska bj;a jqj uekj' uu mõldrfhlañ'˜

¸¸¸' —iSfudka Tn ug fm%au lrkafkys o@˜

2 my; we;s j.=fjys wkjYH wl=re lmd ieÕù we;s jelsh

f;dard ,shkak'

ud w

w I w w w l ka

k

w w w

w

rhK

f.a

fmda

w ne w w w w ka wj¿g

3 mjq, yd mdi, ;=< Tn fyd| kdhlhl= f,i l%shd lrk

wdldrh j.= .; lrkak'

mjq, mdi,

1'

2'

3'

81

wfmdaia;=¨jrekaf.a úYajdi ,laIKh

wyi fmdf<dj uejq i¾j n,OdÍ jQ ms;djk foúhka flfrys o Tyqf.a

tAl mq;% jQ wmf.a iajdó jQ fÊiqia l%sia;=ka flfrys o úYajdi lrñ' Tjqka

jykafia iam%S;= idka;= úiska .en jei" lkH ußh;=ñhf.ka Wmkakdy'

fmdkaisfhda ms,d;a yg hgy;aj jo ú| l=reisfha weK .eiqïld Wl=;a ù

;ekam;a lrk ,oaody' md;d,hg nei ;=ka jeks od u<jqka flfrka W;a:dk

lr jodrd" mruKav,j,g ke.S ish¨ n,e;s jQ foú mshdKkaf.a ol=Kq

md¾Yajfhys jev isákakdy' tys isg Ôj;=kag;a u<jqkag;a kvq jodrkag

jä;au h' iam%S;= idka;= flfrys o idOdrK idka; iNdfõ o" idka;=jrekaf.a

ifudai O¾u,dNfhys o mdm laIudfjys o udxY W;a:dkfhys o wkka;

Ôú;fhys o úYajdi lrñ' wdfuka'

ohdêl ukia;dmh

udf.a foúhks" uu Tn jykafiag wkor l< ksid fndfyda- fia úlafIdam

fjñ' udf.a mdmj,ska ud iodld, ksrd.skakg ysñ jQ fyhska o udf.a

ohdnr fÊiqia l%sia;=ia iajdñ orejka l=reifha weK .eiQ fyhska o úfYaI

fldg i¾j ohd hym;alï we;a;d jQ Tng wkor l< fyhska o ish¨ foag

jvd tAjdg ffjr lrñ' ud l< ish¨ mdmj,g udf.a uq¿ yDofhka laIudj

b,a,ñ' Tn jykafiaf.a msysfgka ñka u;= mõ fkdlr isákakg;a mdm

m%ia;dj,ska je<lS isákakg;a tAldka;fhka u fmdfrdkaÿ fjñ' wdfuka'

Woh wdrdOkdj

ish¨ foa ujd md,kh lrk foúhks" Tnf.a lreKd woyiska ud ,enQ Wmldr

rdYsh Wfoid o úfYaIfhka miq.sh rd;%sfha ud kiskakg bv fkd§ wdrlaId

l< ksid o wfkal jrla Tng ia;+;s lrñ' Tnf.a wK mk;a fYaIhlaj;a

fkdjrojd fï oji .; lrk f,i fmdfrdkaÿ ù udf.a l,amkd jpk

yd l%shd ish,a, u Tng iaf;da;% fldg mqoñ' tfia fyhska udf.a .;g yd

m%dKhg hï úm;la fkdfh§ Tnf.a leue;a; mßÈ O¾ufhka mej; ud

fudalaI iq.;shg iqÿiafil= jk ms‚i lreKdlr jod< uekj' wdfuka'

rd;%s wdrdOkdj

ukqIHhka ksoyia fldg .ef,õjdjQ fÊiqia iajdñorefjks" wo ojfia

ud úiska l< ish¨ jerÈ laIud lrjd" fï rd;%sfha iÈ urKfhka ud

fkdkeis" kmqre iajmak wdÈ jQ hlaI mÍlaIdj,g ud wiq fkdù udf.a .;g

yd m%dKhg;a lsis wmyiqjla ke;=j ke.S isg" Tng iaf;da;% lshk ieáhg

lreKdlr jod< uekj' wdfuka'

9 mdvu

fmdÿ hdÉ[d

weuqKqï wxl 1

82

;=ka ld,fha wdrdOkdj

fufyhjkakd(

iajdókaf.a ¥;hd ußh;=ñhg ie<lf<a h'

ms<s;=r' túg iam%S;= idka;= úiska .¾NŒ jQjd h' ^kfuda ußh& ''''

fu'j' fï uu iajdóka jykafiaf.a odiSñ'

ms<s' Tn lS jpkh f,i ug isÿfõjd' ^kfuda ußh& '''''''

fu'j' jpkh f;u o udxY jqfKa h'

ms<s' wm iu. o jdih lf<a h' ^kfuda ußh& '''''''

fu'j' l%sia;= ;=ukaf.a jdlaod;j,g wm fya;=jka; jk f,i"

ms<s' lkHd Y=oaO jQ foaj ud;dfjks" wm ksid hdÉ[d l< uekj'

hdÉ[d lrïy

iajdókS" iqr¥;hd ie,l< jpkfhka Tnf.a mq;% jQ l%sia;= ;=ukaf.a ukqIHhd ùu

±k.;a;d jQ fï wms" t;=ukaf.a ÿla m%dma;sh yd l=reish Wfoid fudalaI m%;dm

uysu;dfjka udxfYda;a:dkh ,nk f,i" wmf.a wd;au Tnf.a lreKd m%idohg

fya;= hqla; fldg jod< uekj'

fï lS foa wfma iajdó jQ fÊiqia l%sia;=ka Wfoid u ,efíjdæ wdfuka' ^;%s;aj

iaf;da;%h ;=ka jrla WÉpdrKh lrkak'&

mdial= ld,fha ;=ka ld, wdrdOkdj ^wdf,a¨hshd fikiqrdod isg

Y=oaOd;au ux.,H Èk olajd&

³ mrf,dl rdfÊYajßks' wdkkao ikaf;daI fõjd

wdf,a¨hshd'

² tA lsïoh;a Tnf.a Y%S l=ifhys jdih lrkakg wNsm%dh l< f;u' wdf,a¨hshd'

³ ;uka jykafia fmr jÞ< m%ldrfhka keÕS jÞ< fial'

wdf,a¨hshd'

³ lkHd ußh ;=ñhks wdkkao ikaf;daI fõjd'

wdf,a¨hshd'

³ tA lsïoh;a iajdñ orefjda ieneúka u ke.S jod< fial'

wdf,a¨hshd'

hdÉ[d lrïy

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83

3'1" 10'1" 10'2" 12'1" 12'2" 12'3" 13'1" 15'1" 16'1" 18'1" 19'1" 20'1" 21'1" 21'2" 22'1" 23'1" 23'2" 23'3 hk

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84

85

86