LEY DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS Y SU IMPACTO SOCIOECONÓMICO EN EL DISTRITO DE SAN JERÓNIMO

7/21/2019 LEY DE RECURSOS HDRICOS Y SU IMPACTO SOCIOECONMICO EN EL DISTRITO DE SAN JERNIMO

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HKM\B^KN NL NL_LMAJ Y MILFMIK UJB^IMK

MK__L_K U_JHL]IJFKB NL NL_LMAJ

^L]I] U_L]LF^KNK UJ_ LB

OKMAIBBL_3

@K_MJ KF^JFIJ KOK_MK KBHK_J

Ukrk jptkr kb ^tubj Urjhlsijfkb nl

Kojdknj.

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Nr. Hlrfkfnj _ivlrj Yfhkftks

M\]MJ, ?8 NL ]L^IL@O_L-?5;;.

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MKUI^\BJ II @K_MJ _LHL_LFMIKB Y NIKDFJ]ÎMJ ]I^\KMIJFKB ................................88?.;. XL_ÎLF^L] AIN_JD_HIMK] LF LB UL_. ........................................................88?.;.;. \FINKNL] NL M\LFMK LF LB UL_......................................................................88?.;.?. \FINKNL] AIN_JD_HIMK] NL BK _LDIF M\]MJ...........................................84?.;.=. UJ^LFMIKB AN_IMJ LF BK _LDIF M\]MJ........................................................84?.;.>. \]J] NLB KD\K LF BK _LDIF M\]MJ. ..............................................................81?.;.>.;. \]J UJOBKMIJFKB...................................................................................................81?.;.>.?. \]J KD_MJBK..........................................................................................................89?.;.>.=. \]J ULM\K_IJ. ........................................................................................................45?.;.>.>. \]J IFN\]^_IKB.......................................................................................................45


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=.?.>. LF^_LXI]^K _LKBISKNK KB IFD. TIBH_LNJ MAXLS A\K@F,_L]UJF]KOBL NL BK \FINKN NL L]^\NIJ] I@K-M\]MJ. ..............................;;8

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>.=. @JNIHIMKMIJFL] LF BK BLY NL _LM\_]J] AN_IMJ] F?9==1. ..................;=1>.=.;. @JNIHIMKMIF KB U_IFMIUIJ .=.?. @JNIHIMKMIF KB K_^. ; NL BK BLY NL _LM\_]J] AN_IMJ]......................;=9>.=.=. @JNIHIMKMIF KB K_^. ? NL BK BLY NL _LM\_]J] AN_IMJ]......................;>5>.=.>. @JNIHIMKMIF KB K_^. ;= NL BK BLY NL _LM\_]J] AN_IMJ]....................;>;>.=.=>.=.8. @JNIHIMKMIF KB K_^. >= NL BK BLY NL _LM\_]J] AN_IMJ]....................;>>>.=.4. @JNIHIMKMIF KB K_^. 4? NL BK BLY NL _LM\_]J] AN_IMJ]....................;>.=.1. @JNIHIMKMIF KB K_^. 4< NL BK BLY NL _LM\_]J] AN_IMJ]....................;>4>.=.9. @JNIHIMKMIF KB K_^. 1? NL BK BLY NL _LM\_]J] AN_IMJ]....................;>1>.=.;5. @JNIHIMKMIF KB K_^. 9; NL BK BLY NL _LM\_]J] AN_IMJ]....................;.=.;;. @JNIHIMKMIF KB K_^. ;5> NL BK BLY NL _LM\_]J] AN_IMJ]..................;.=.;?. @JNIHIMKMIF KB K_^. ;5< NL BK BLY NL _LM\_]J] AN_IMJ]..................;


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;

NLNIMK^J_IK.

K ìs pknrls Cubij y _ifk, pjr akolr`l nknj bk vink, pjr kpjykr`l

ltlrfk`lftl, mj`prlfnlr`l pjr bjs `j`lftjs irrkmijfkbls y pjr slr lb `jtjr

qul i`pubsk kb bjdrj nl ìs jocltivjs.

K ì alr`kfk Alblf Fifjsgk pjr slr bk plrsjfk mjf quilf mj`pkrtj

lxplrilfmiks, kìstkn, kbldrk, nikbjdj, bbkftj y mjfvlrskmijfls bitlrkrij-

hibjshimks7 lstkfnj prlslftl mjf su tkblftj pkrk lb krtl y bk rlnkmmif.

K mknk ìlòrj nl bk hkìbik qul ls k`pbik, mjf quilfls mj`pkrt

`j`lftjs nl tjnk fkturkblzk7 ìs tjs _uta, Xkblftf, Cubiltk, Cjs, @krikfk,

Lbi, Kbolrtj, Ximlftl7 k ìs pri`js _jnjbhj, Kfitk, Cjslbitj, Oritfly, Gjny, J`kr,

Knlb`k, ]uskf, Tibhrlnj7 kb koulbj _jolrtj lb pktrikrmk, k ì oiskoulbk Kfk7 k

Blfinks y gristlbitk, muyj rlmulrnj lstk prlslftl lf ì `lftl y lf lsplmikb k

Tkbnir quilf mjf su tlfkminkn ainkbdk khrjftk bks ifmbl`lfmiks nl bk vink

ifdrktk.

Ujr bti`j nlnimj lstl trkokcj7 k bjs drkfnls ajòrls nl bk aistjrik muyj

bldknj y jork sirvlf mj`j `jnlbj k slduir pkrk bks fulvks dlflrkmijfls y k bk

au`kfinkn lftlrk pjr bk mjfstrummif nl ufk fulvk sjmilnkn sif

nlsidukbnknknls y lf kr`jfk mjf lb `lnij kòilftl.

@K_MJ KF^JFIJ KOK_MK KBHK_J.

Mjrrlj lblmtrfimj3 `krmjskykyifEajt`kib.mj`?44>18/94>;511>8


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KD_KNLMI@ILF^J.

K bjs `klstrjs nl bk Hkmubtkn nl Nlrlmaj nl bk \fivlrsinkn Kfnifk nlb Musmj,

pjr akolr`l lfslknj fj sjbk`lftl lb ksplmtj kmknìmj, sifj tkòif pjrifmubmkr`l y rlhjrzkr bjs vkbjrls qul tjnj prjhlsijfkb nlol mubtivkr.

Kdrknlzmj ifhifitk`lftl k mknk ufk nl bks plrsjfks qul mjbkojrkrjf lf bk

rlkbizkmif nl lstl trkokcj, lftrlvistknjs, lfmulstknjs7 lsplmikb`lftl k bk

[ui`. Cunita Diokck Krkdf, mjf quilf mubtivl ufk ojfitk kìstkn.

Kdrknlzmj k ì kslsjr lb Nr. Hlrfkfnj _ivlrj Ifhkftks, pjr mj`prlfnlr`l,

kyunkr`l k mjrrldir bjs lrrjrls nlb trkokcj y pjr orifnkr`l bk jpjrtufinkn nl

kprlalfnlr nk k nk.

Kdrknlmiìlftjs lsplmikbls pkrk lb @dt. Cubij Kokrmk Nurkf ì pknrl pjr su

kpjyj mjfstkftl mjf sus mjfslcjs y lxplrilfmik lf bk rlkbizkmif nl lstl

trkokcj.


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=

U_L]LF^KMIF.

Lf ìs `j`lftjs nl rlhblxif iftlfsk y kfsijsj pjr lfmjftrkr ufk inlk qul

sirvk, mj`j prjobl`k lf ì prjpsitj nl drknukr`l vk ^lsis, lf uf prifmipij

`l akbbkok lf uf ojsqul lf`krkknj nl inlks, ufks nlsmkolbbknks, jtrks

ùy kclfks kb prjobl`k jocltj nl ifvlstidkmif7 pjr lftjfmls lrk lvinlftl bjs

mjfhbimtjs sjmikbls, bks prjtlstks, pkrjs y aulbdks, y rlmjrn ufk `xi`k nlb

L`piris`j Hibjshimj, bllr lb biorj nl bk fkturkblzk, ls ks qul joslrvkfnj bk

rlkbinkn mirmufnkftl, lb lftjrfj qul fjs rjnlk, punl joslrvkr ìbls nl

prjobl`ks, `s kuf lf fulstrk sjmilnkn tkf rimk lf mjftrknimmijfls, mj`j bk

qul lxistl lftrl fjr`k curnimk y rlkbinkn, lftrl bk Bly nl _lmursjs Anrimjs

F?9==1 y bks mjfstkftls prjtlstks sjmikbls lf su mjftrk7 nl lstk `kflrk sl

mjfmioi lstl prjobl`k qul pri`lrk`lftl bj prlslftl lf prjylmtj nlifvlstidkmif y qul hul kprjoknj `lnikftl rlsjbumif F?5;=-?5;5-NN-\KM.7

Urjnumtj nlb trkokcj y bk hkbtk nl til`pj tuvl qul kpbkzkr bk lclmumif nlb

prjylmtj akstk `krzj nl lstl kj, nl lsk hlmak lf knlbkftl lb prjylmtj

l`plz k jotlflr pksj k pksj, lb mulrpj nl ufk ^lsis mj`pbltk, lf lb mkìfj

auoj ùmaks nihimubtknls, lftrl lbbks bk lsmkzk mjbkojrkmif mjf bk

ifvlstidkmif pjr pkrtl nl kbdufjs hufmijfkrijs nl bk knìfistrkmif pobimk k

mj`pkrtir ifhjr`kmif plsl k qul bj sjbimit pjr lsmritj y k bk vidlfmik nl bk Bly

F?4158 nl ^rkfspkrlfmik y Kmmlsj k bk Ifhjr`kmif Uobimk7 jtrk nl bksnihimubtknls hul bk lsmkzk prlslfmik nl lstunijs sjorl rlmursjs anrimjs lf lb

nistritj nl ]kf Clrfi`j7 sif lòkrdj plsl k lstjs jostmubjs lb prjylmtj

sidui knlbkftl mjf plrslvlrkfmik, vjbuftkn nl qulrlr drknukr`l `lnikftl

lstk `jnkbinkn y sjorl tjnj mjf bk iftlfmif nl mjftriouir k bk ifvlstidkmif

milfthimk, bk osqulnk nlb mjfjmiìlftj y bk vlrnkn, tkf kclfk ajy k bk rlkbinkn

ufivlrsitkrik fkmijfkb.

]ilfnj lstj ks, ]ljr Nlmkfj nl bk Hkmubtkn nl Nlrlmaj y Milfmik Ujbtimk nlbk \fivlrsinkn Kfnifk nlb Musmj y lf mu`pbiìlftj kb _ldbk`lftj pkrk jptkr kb

^tubj Urjhlsijfkb nl Kojdknj, prlslftj lstl trkokcj nl ifvlstidkmif titubknj

Bly nl _lmursjs Anrimjs y su i`pkmtj sjmijlmjfìmj lf lb Nistritj nl

]kf Clrfi`j - ?5;5.


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IF^_JN\MMIF.

Bk prlslftl ifvlstidkmif titubknk Bly nl _lmursjs Anrimjs y su i`pkmtj

sjmijlmjfìmj lf lb Nistritj nl ]kf Clrfi`j - ?5;5, mjftilfl lb

prjylmtj nl ifvlstidkmif sldf lb _ldbk`lftj pkrk jptkr kb ^tubj Urjhlsijfkbnl Kojdknj.

Uri`lrk`lftl sl ifslrtk bk pkrtl prlbiìfkr qul mj`prlfnl lb prjylmtj nl

ifvlstidkmif kprjoknj, lf njfnl sl pbkftlkf bjs lbl`lftjs prifmipkbls nl

tjnk ifvlstidkmif mj`j lb prjobl`k, bjs jocltivjs, bks oksls tlrimks,

aiptlsis, vkrikobls, bk `ltjnjbjdk, bk knìfistrkmif nl bk ifvlstidkmif, y bk

lstrumturk mkpitubkr. Ujstlrijr`lftl sl nlskrrjbbk bk tlsis prlslftknk lf muktrj

mkptubjs.

Lb mkptubj I mjftilfl lb `krmj tlrimj, njfnl sl nlskrrjbbk tl`ks ifalrlftls k

bjs rlmursjs anrimjs, mj`j mjfmlptukbizkmijfls, bk mrisis ùfnikb nlb kduk, bjs

usjs qul sl bl nk, lb `krmj bldkb sjorl bjs rlmursjs anrimjs, bk privktizkmif

nlb kduk y sus lhlmtjs lf bk sjmilnkn au`kfk, lftrl jtrjs.

Lf lb mkptubj II, sl nlskrrjbbk lb `krmj dlflrkb nl bjs rlmursjs anrimjs, bks

vlrtilftls ainrjdrhimks nlb Ulr, ks ìs`j sl nlskrrjbbk uf nikdfjstimj

rldijfkb y nlb nistritj nl ]kf Clrfi`j lf mukftj k bjs rlmursjs anrimjs.

Lb mkptubj III, nlskrrjbbk lb trkokcj nl mk`pj, utibizkfnj njs ifstru`lftjs nl

rlmjblmmif nl nktjs, bk lftrlvistk qul hul kpbimknk k plrsjfkbinknls

ifvjbumrknks lf bk dlstif nl bjs rlmursjs anrimjs nl bk prjvifmik7 y bk

lfmulstk, qul hul kpbimknk k bk ùlstrk mjfhjr`knk pjr bjs usukrijs `kyjrls

nl lnkn nlb nistritj nl ]kf Clrfi`j, nktjs qul sjf kfkbizknjs

lstknstimk`lftl y rlprlslftknjs lf bjs rlsplmtivjs drhimjs nl okrrks.

Lb mkptubj IX, pbkftlk bks prjpulstks kbtlrfktivks qul nkf sjbumif kbprjobl`k, osimk`lftl mjfsistl lf kbmkfzkr `jnihimktjriks nl bjs krtmubjs nl

bk Mjfstitumif Ujbtimk nlb Ulr, nlb Mnidj Urjmlskb Mjfstitumijfkb y nl bk Bly

nl _lmursjs Anrimjs, mjftrkpjfilfnj lb krtimubj jridifkb mjf bk prjpulstk

`jnihimktjrik k hif nl hkmibitkr bk mj`pkrkmif, y lb kfbisis mjrrlspjfnilftl.


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. JOCLÎXJ] NL BK IFXL] IDKMIF.

;.>.;. JOCLÎXJ DLFL_KB.

Lvkbukr lb i`pkmtj sjmijlmjfìmj nl bk Bly nl _lmursjs Anrimjs lf lb

nistritj nl ]kf Clrfi`j.

;.>.?. JOCL IXJ] L]ULMHIMJ]3

Nlsmrioir bk `jvibizkmif sjmikb dlflrknk pjr bk Bly nl _lmursjs

Anrimjs.

Inlftihimkr bks mkusks qul akf `jtivknj bk nkmif nl Bly nl _lmursjs

Anrimjs.

Lbkojrkr uf prjylmtj nl bly, qul `jnihimk bks iftlfmijfls privktistks nl

bk Bly nl _lmursjs Anrimjs.

Lxpbimkr bjs lhlmtjs sjmijlmjfìmjs y su ifminlfmik lf bjs usukrijs nlb

nistritj nl ]kf Clrfi`j.

Kfkbizkr bk vubflrkmif nlb nlrlmaj au`kfj nl kmmlsj kb kduk, pjr Bly

nl _lmursjs Anrimjs.

;.


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4

pjmks puobimkmijfls plrijnstimks, krtmubjs nl kfbisis, `s sl pulnl joslrvkr

prjfufmikìlftjs drlìkbls nl jrdkfizkmijfls pjbtimks y sifnimkbls, hrlftl k

lstks mkrlfmiks sl rlmurrir k hulftls nirlmtks j pri`kriks mj`j lxplrtjs lf

kduks, jrdkfis`js pobimjs y privknjs y bjs kmtjrls sjmikbls nlb prjobl`k.

?. OK]L] L_IMK] (`krmj tlrimj).?.;. KF^LMLNLF^L] NLB U_JOBL@K.

K prifmipijs nl bjs kjs 95, bks mjrrilftls fljbiolrkbls mj`lfzkrjf k prjylmtkr

bk privktizkmif nlb kduk pjtkobl. Lb Okfmj @ufnikb (O@), bk Jrdkfizkmif

@ufnikb nl Mj`lrmij (J@M), y lb Hjfnj @jfltkrij Iftlrfkmijfkb (H@I), hulrjf

bjs kmtjrls qul ksuìlrjf bks tkrlks nl prlsijfkr k bjs lstknjs pkrk qul sl

biolrlf nl tkf plsknk mkrdk k hkvjr nlb slmtjr privknj.

Lb 4


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1

nlrlmajs rlkbls, mjfmlsijfls nlb kduk y hifkb`lftl lf lb kj ?551 mjf `jtivj

nl i`pbl`lftkmif nlb ^BM mjf Lstknjs \finjs7 sl nimtkrjf bjs hk`jsjs

nlmrltjs bldisbktivjs ;51; y ;51=7 qul prjpjfkf lb prjmlsj nl privktizkmif nl

kduks k trkvs nl mlrtihimknjs nl lhimilfmik, fj rlmjfjmkf k bks jrdkfizkmijfls

nl usukrijs, fi bjs nlrlmajs nl usj nl kduks nl bks mjùfinknls mk`plsifks

y mjùfinknls fktivks.

?.?.;. M_I]I] @\FNIKB NLB KD\K.

Mubls sjf bks tlfnlfmiks dbjokbls:, mkblftkìlftj dbjokb, lsmkslz nl

bbuviks, nisìfumif nl mkunkbls y nlrrltiìlftj nl dbkmikrls. Bjs dbkmikrls

kfnifjs akf lftrknj lf ufk hksl kmlblrknk nl rltrjmlsj nloinj kb

mkblftkìlftj dbjokb y kb hlf`lfj `ltljrjbdimj mjfjminj mj`j Lb Fij,

lsti`fnjsl qul nlskpkrlmlrf mj`pbltk`lftl lf ?5 j =5 kjs. @ibbf y`lnij nl fijs ùlrlf nl sln7 lsl ls lb mjstj qul lb ùfnj tilfl qul pkdkr

pjr bk lxpbjtkmif ifnismriìfknk nl bjs rlmursjs fkturkbls, bk ifnustrikbizkmif

kmlblrknk y bk vjrkminkn nl bks dkfkfmiks nl bks l`prlsks trkfsfkmijfkbls

qul mjftkìfkf bjs `krls, rjs y bkdjs nlb ùfnj.

?.?.?. LB NL_LMAJ A\@KFJ NL KMML]J KB KD\K.

Lb nlrlmaj au`kfj nl kmmlsj kb kduk lst rlmjfjminj mj`j nlrlmaj fj

lfu`lrknj pjr lb ^rioufkb Mjfstitumijfkb plrukfj lf bks slftlfmiks

prjfufmiknks lf lb lxplnilftl Frj. 88-?558-UKb^M, y lxplnilftl Frj. 8-

?558-UKb^M, puobimknjs lb ?= nl lflrj nl ?554, y ?= nl `kyj nl ?551, lf lb

nikrij jhimikb Lb Ulrukfj7 ksiìs`j bk joslrvkmif dlflrkb ;< (fjvilòrl nl

?55?), nlb Mjìt nl Nlrlmajs Lmjfìmjs, ]jmikbls y Mubturkbls nlb Mjfslcj

Lmjfìmj ]jmikb nl bk JF\, rlmjfjml lb nlrlmaj au`kfj kb kduk y pjr bti`j

bks Fkmijfls \finks k trkvs nl bk Kskòblk Dlflrkb lf uf almaj aistrimj

kprjo lb nlrlmaj au`kfj kb kduk y lb skflkìlftj, lb ?1 nl cubij nl ?5;5, lfsu slxkdsi`j mukrtj plrjnj nl slsijfls, ufk rlsjbumif qul rlmjfjml kb

kduk pjtkobl y kb skflkìlftj osimj mj`j nlrlmaj au`kfj lslfmikb pkrk lb

pblfj nishrutl nl bk vink y nl tjnjs bjs nlrlmajs au`kfjs.


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9

?.?.=. BLY NL _LM\_]J] AN_IMJ].

Lftrj lf vidlfmik lb =; nl `krzj nlb kj ?559 y tilfl bjs siduilftls ksplmtjs

pkrk bk dlstif nl kduks3

Hifkbinkn7nl kmulrnj kb krt. II nlb ^tubj Urlbiìfkr, bk hifkbinkn nl bk bly

ls prj`jvlr bk dlstif iftldrknk nl bjs rlmursjs anrimjs.

Urifmipijs7 lb krt. III, lstkoblml prifmipijs fjr`ktivjs vitkbls pkrk

i`pubskr bk dlstif iftldrknk nlb kduk, nloilfnj nlstkmkr lftrl lbbjs, bjs

prifmipijs nl vkbjrkmif y dlstif iftldrknk nlb kduk, prijrinkn lf lb

kmmlsj kb kduk, pkrtimipkmif nl bk pjobkmif y mubturk nlb kduk,

sldurinkn curnimk, rlspltj nl bjs usjs nlb kduk pjr bks mjùfinknls

mk`plsifks y fktivks y lb nl sjstlfioibinkn.

_lmursj vubflrkobl7 lb krt. ; nl bk Bly rlmjfjml qul lb kduk ls ufrlmursj fkturkb rlfjvkobl, ifnisplfskobl pkrk bk vink, vubflrkobl y

lstrktdimj pkrk lb nlskrrjbbj sjstlfiobl, lb `kftlfiìlftj nl bjs

sistl`ks y mimbjs fkturkbls qul bk sustlftkf, y bk sldurinkn nl bk fkmif.

Njìfij nlb kduk7lb krt. ? nltlrìfk qul lb kduk mjfstituyl pktri`jfij

nl bk fkmif, lb njìfij sjorl lbbk ls ifkbilfkobl l i`prlsmriptiobl, ls uf

oilf nl usj pobimj y su knìfistrkmif sbj pulnl slr jtjrdknk y

lclrmink lf kr`jfk mjf lb oilf mj`f, bk prjtlmmif kòilftkb y lb

iftlrs nl bk fkmif. Fj aky prjpilnkn privknk sjorl lb kduk.

Mbksihimkmif nl bks kduks7 lb krt. < lstkoblml uf k`pbij bistknj nl bks

kduks, ifmbuylfnj bk nl bjs rjs, sus khbulftls, bks qul nismurrlf pjr

mkumls krtihimikbls, bks kmuùbknks, bk nl au`lnkbls, flvknjs,

dbkmikrls, suotlrrflks, dljtrìmks, kt`jshrimks y bk qul rlsubtlf nl

bk nlskbkmif.

Oilfls ksjmiknjs7lb krt. 8 sl jmupk nl bjs oilfls ksjmiknjs kb kduk,

qul pulnlf slr fkturkbls y krtihimikbls.

\sjs nl bks kduks7 bjs usjs nl bks kduks pulnlf slr pri`krijs,

pjobkmijfkbls y prjnumtivjs. Lb lclrmimij nl bjs usjs `lfmijfknjs sidul

lb jrnlf lf qul sjf `lfmijfknjs, lstipubk lb krt. =


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;5

Hkck `krdifkb7 bk lxtlfsif nl hkcks `krdifkbls nl mkumls nl rjs slr

hicknk pjr lb rldbk`lftj nl bk Bly nl kmulrnj k bj prlmisknj pjr lb krt.

4>.

Nlrlmajs nl usj7sldf bj nltlr`ifknj pjr lb krtmubj >


16/187

;;

rlmakzj duiknj pjr lb `kblstkr sjmikb.

Ifvlrsif Lxtrkfclrk3ls bk mjbjmkmif nl mkpitkbls k bkrdj pbkzj lf kbdf pks

lxtrkfclrj, pkrk bk mrlkmif nl l`prlsks kdrmjbks, ifnustrikbls y nl slrvimijs,

mjf lb prjpsitj nl iftlrfkmijfkbizkrsl y jotlflr dkfkfmiks lxjroitkftls.

Bly kftipjpubkr3 Fjr`k curnimk mkrlftl nl oksl sjmikb mubturkb y pjr

mjfsiduilftl jocltj nl rlmakzj pjpubkr.

I`pkmtj sjmikb3]l rlhilrl k bjs lhlmtjs sjmikbls qul sl nkf lf ufk mjùfinkn

nltlrìfknk, pjr bk iftlrvlfmif nl uf hlf`lfj mjfmrltj.

I`pkmtj lmjfìmj3 ]l rlhilrl k bjs mkòijs nl fkturkblzk lmjfìmk qul

lxplri`lftk ufk mjùfinkn k mkusk nl bk iftlrvlfmif nl uf hlf`lfj.

I`pkmtj sjmijlmjfìmj3 mjfcuftj nl lhlmtjs y mjfslmulfmiks nlskrrjbbknks

lf lb òitj sjmikb y lmjfìmj nl ufk pjobkmif.

?.>. ]\U\L]^J] NL BK IFXL] IDKMIF.

Bk kpbimkmif nl bk Bly nl _lmursjs Anrimjs F ?9==1, dlflrk rlmakzj

y nlsmjftlftj lf bk pjobkmif usukrik nlb nistritj nl ]kf Clrfi`j.

Lb kduk mj`j rlmursj vitkb pkrk lb nlskrrjbbj au`kfj, ls ufk fulvk

plrsplmtivk lmjfìmk pkrk bjs drupjs nl pjnlr, `lnikftl bk ifvlrsif

privknk.

?.


17/187

;?

?.8.=. JUL_KMIJFKBISKMIF NL BK XK_IKOBL IFNLULFNILF^L.

XK_IKOBL IFNLULFNILF^L IFNIMKNJ_L]

^lfnlfmik k bk privktizkmif

Urjtlstks y nlsmjftlftj pjpubkr

Bly _lmursjs Anrimjs Ifmrl`lftj tkrihkrij y lsmkslz nlb kduk

?.8.>. JUL_KMIJFKBISKMIF NL BK XK_IKOBL NLULFNILF^L.

XK_IKOBL NLULFNILF^L IFNIMKNJ_L]

Urjtlstks sjmikbls

Ukrjs

Ifmrl`lftj lf bk tkrihk nlb usj nlb kduk.I`pkmtj sjmijlmjfìmj

Lsmksls nlb rlmursj anrimj

=. @L^JNJBJDK.

=.;. \FIXL_]J - UJOBKMIF.

\sukrijs nl kduk nlb nistritj nl ]kf Clrfi`j (`kyjrls nl lnkn).

=.?. @\L]^_K.

Ukrk jotlflr bk ùlstrk rlsplmtivk utibizk`js mj`j rlhlrlfmik bk pjobkmif

lblmtjrkb nlb nistritj (lblmmijfls dlflrkbls ?5;; lbkojrknj pjr bk _LFILM7

lflrj-?5;;)7 Bk pjobkmif lblmtjrkb lf lb nistritj nl ]kf Clrfi`j ls nl ;9

45>(nilz y fulvl ìb sltlmilftjs muktrj) lblmtjrls7 kpbimkfnj bk hjrùbk

sjmij`trimk sl jotilfl ufk ùlstrk nl ;;= lblmtjrls, qul rlprlslftkf kb

5.


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;=

_lmjblmmif

njmu`lftkb

Biorjs, tlxtjs,

mj`lftkrijs,

lfskyjs, ltm.

^lfnlfmik k bk

privktizkmif

Lftrlvistk

(k lxplrtjs)

Hjr`ktj nl

lftrlvistk

lstrumturknj,

m`krk

hjtjdrhimk.

_lmjblmmif

njmu`lftkb

Biorjs, tlxtjs,

mj`lftkrijs,

lfskyjs, ltm.Urjtlstks y

nlsmjftlftj

pjpubkr

Lftrlvistk

(k lxplrtjs)

Hjr`ktj nl

lftrlvistklstrumturknj,

m`krk

hjtjdrhimk.

Lfmulstk Mulstijfkrij

Bly nl _lmursjs

Anrimjs

Ifmrl`lftj

tkrihkrij y lsmksls

nlb kduk

Lftrlvistk

(k lxplrtjs)

Hjr`ktj nl

lftrlvistk

lstrumturknj,

m`krk

hjtjdrhimk.

=.=.?. XK_IKOBL NLULFNILF^L.

XK_IKOBL

NLULFNILF^L

IFNIMKNJ_L] ^MFIMK] IF]^_\@LF^J]

_lmjblmmif

njmu`lftkb

Biorjs, tlxtjs,

mj`lftkrijs,

lfskyjs, ltm.

Nlsmjftlftj y

prjtlstks

Hjr`ktj nl

lftrlvistk


19/187

;>

Lftrlvistk lstrumturknj,

m`krk

hjtjdrhimk.

sjmikbls



_lmjblmmif

Njmu`lftkb

Biorjs, tlxtjs, ltm.

Ukrjs, aulbdks

Lftrlvistk

Hjr`ktj nl

lftrlvistk

lstrumturknj,

m`krk

hjtjdrhimk.

_lmjblmmifNjmu`lftkb



Mjfmlsijfls

Lftrlvistk

Hjr`ktj nl

lftrlvistk

lstrumturknj,

m`krk

hjtjdrhimk.

_lmjblmmif

Njmu`lftkb


Lftrlvistk

Hjr`ktj nl

lftrlvistk

lstrumturknj,

m`krk

hjtjdrhimk.

I`pkmtj

sjmijlmjf`imj

Ifmrl`lftj lf bk

tkrihk nlb usj nlb

kduk


=.>. ^_K^K@ILF^J NL BJ] NK^J].

Bks tmfimks nl rlmjblmmif nl nktjs, qul slrf utibizknjs pkrk bk

ifvlstidkmif, mj`j7 bks lftrlvistks, bks lfmulstks, Bk rlmjpibkmif


20/187

;.;. M_JFJD_K@K NL LCLM\MIF NLB U_JYLM^J NL

IFXL]ÎDKMIF.

UBKFIHIMKMIF NLB U_JML]J NL BK IFXL]ÎDKMIF ?5;;.

@L]L] @K_SJ KO_IB @KYJ C\FIJ

]L@KFK] ; ? = > ; ? = > ; ? = > ; ? = >

Ifimij nl bk

ifvlstidkmif

Q

Lbkojrkmif nl bks

oksls tlrimks

Q Q Q

hjrùbkmif nl bks

aiptlsis

Q Q

]lblmmif nlb nislj

kprjpiknj pkrk bk

ifvlstidkmif

Q Q

]lblmmif nl

ùlstrk

Q Q

_lmjblmmif nl

nktjs

Q Q Q

Kfbisis nl bjs nktjs Q Q Q QLbkojrkmif nlb

ifhjr`l nl

ifvlstidkmif

Q Q Q Q


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;8

]ustlftkmif nl bk

ifvlstidkmif

Q Q Q

>.?. _L]UJF]KOBL.

Lbkojrknj pjr lb Okma. @krmj Kftjfij Kokrmk Kbhkrj pkrk jptkr kb ttubj

prjhlsijfkb nl Kojdknj.

>.=. U_L]\U\L]^J3

U_L]\U\L]^J UK_K BK

IFXL]^IDKMIF

Oiobijdrkhk ]/. ;555

Kslsjrk`ilftj ]/. ;555

I`prlsif ]/. ?55

Ukskcls ]/. ;55

Oiobijtlmk ]/. ;55

tibls nl lsmritjrij ]/. ;55

Kbquiblr nl mj`putknjrk ]/. ?55

I`prlvistjs ]/. =55^jtkb ]/. =555


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;4

MKUI^\BJ I.

@K_MJ ^L_IMJ.

;.;. _LM\_]J] AN_IMJ].

;.;.;. DLFL_KBINKNL].

Bjs rlmursjs anrimjs sl mjfstituylf lf ufj nl bjs rlmursjs fkturkbls

rlfjvkobls `s i`pjrtkftls pkrk bk vink lf dlflrkb nlb pbkfltk îlrrk;, tkftj

ks, qul lf bk kmtukbinkn kftl lb ifmlskftl mkòij mbi`timj, k fivlb ùfnikb sl

vilfl nlskrrjbbkfnj ufk jbk nl prlslrvkmif, mjfslrvkmif, oulf usj y `kflcj.

Lb prifmipkb mj`pjflftl nl bjs rlmursjs anrimjs ls lb kduk7 lf sus nivlrsjs

lstknjs y `kfihlstkmijfls ls hkmtiobl nl usj pkrk lb mjfsu`j au`kfj,

kdrmjbk, prjnumtivj.

Fu`lrjsjs lstunijs milfthimjs, akf mjfmbuinj qul lb mkòij mbi`timj j

mkblftkìlftj dbjokb iftlfsihimkr bk lsmkslz nl kduk y k mkusk nl lbbj bks

huturks dulrrks lftrl bks fkmijfls slrf pjr lstl lbl`lftj.

;.;.?. MJFMLU^J.

Bk Bly nl _lmursjs Anrimjs F?9==1, fj orifnk ufk trktktivk milfthimk lf

mukftj k su sidfihimknj7 si quisirk`js lfmjftrkr kbdufk inlk nl bj qul sidfihimk

rlmursjs anrimjs, tlfnrk`js qul akmlr uf lshulrzj lf lstunikr tjnk bk bly j

ifhlrir nl su krtmubj I nlb ttubj prlbiìfkr qul, biìtknk`lftl sjbj ifnimk bk

mj`prlsif nl bjs rlmursjs anrimjs, slkbkfnj qul lstjs mj`prlfnlf7 lb

kduk suplrhimikb, suotlrrflk, mjftiflftkb y bjs oilfls ksjmiknjs k lstk,

; Bks rlmilftls ifvlstidkmijfls nlb sistl`k sjbkr sl niridlf k ousmkr vlstidijs nl Kduk lf jtrjs pbkfltksy bufks, mj`j ifnimknjr nl bk pjsiobl lxistlfmik nl vink lf lbbjs7 lfattp3//ls.wigiplnik.jrd/wigi/_lmursjsZa%M=%KNnrimjs


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;1

knl`s sl lxtilfnl k bks kduks kt`jshrimks y `krti`ks lf bj qul rlsubtl

kpbimkobl?.

Bk mkrlfmik nl nlhifimif milfthimk lf bk bly, ls uf nlskmilrtj nlb bldisbknjr, lf

uf njmu`lftj qul tilfl mj`j fjòrl Bly nl _lmursjs Anrimjs7 knl`s lbbj

jmksijfk mjfhusijfls mjf lb sidfihimknj kduk7 sif lòkrdj pkrk lhlmtjs nl bkifvlstidkmif ls i`pjrtkftsi`j qul mjfmlptukbiml`js bjs rlmursjs anrimjs, tkb

ls ks qul sjf3

_lmursjs fkturkbls rlfjvkobls muyj lbl`lftj mj`f ls lb kduk, ls nlmir

mukbquilr hjr`k nl `kfihlstkmif lf qul lstk sl akml prlslftl lf bk

fkturkblzk7 mj`j bks kduks suotlrrflks, bkdjs, rjs, jmkfjs, `kfkftikbls,

bkdufks, rikmaulbjs ks mj`j bk qul sl lfmulftrk lf lstlrjs, au`lnkbls,

`kfdbkrls, flvknjs, dbkmikrls, nl jridlf ìflrj `lnimifkb, dljtlr`kb,kt`jshrimj, prjvlfilftl nl bk nlskbkmif, qul lxistl nl `jnj fkturkb7 bjs

rlmursjs anrimjs sjf nl su`k i`pjrtkfmik pkrk bk vink au`kfk lf lb pbkfltk,

puls su kprjvlmakìlftj plrìtl sktishkmlr flmlsinknls osimks nl mjfsu`j

au`kfj, ifnustrikb, kdrmjbk, ltm.

;.?. LB KD\K.

;.?.;. DLFL_KBINKNL].

Lb trìfj kduk prjvilfl nlb bktf kquk7 ls ufk sustkfmik muyk `jbmubk lst

mj`pulstk pjr njs tj`js nl ainrdlfj y ufj nl jxdlfj y su hrùbk

quìmk sl lxprlsk lf A?J.

Lb kduk pulnl akbbkrsl lf sus trls lstknjs, sjbinj, bquinj y dksljsj7 rlvistl lb

4;% nl bk suplrhimil nl bk mjrtlzk tlrrlstrl, ls lf bjs jmkfjs njfnl sl

mjfmlftrk lb 98,%, bjs nlpsitjs suotlrrfljs, y bjs dbkmikrls mjftiflftkbls supjflf lb

;,4?% y lb rlstkftl 5,5>% sl lfmulftrk lf bkdjs, au`lnkn nlb sulbj,kt`shlrk, lòkbsls, rjs y slrls vivjs.

?Î^\BJ U_LBI@IFK_K_ÎM\BJ I.- MJF^LFINJBk prlslftl Bly rldubk lb usj y dlstif nl bjs _lmursjs Anrimjs. Mj`prlfnl lb Kduk suplrhimikb,suotlrrflk mjftiflftkb, y bjs oilfls ksjmiknjs k lstk. ]l lxtilfnl kb Kduk `krti`k y kt`jshrimk lf bjqul rlsubtl kpbimkobl.UL_, MJFD_L]J NL BK _LU\OBIMK, BLY NL _LM\_]J] AN_IMJ] F?9==1, =; nl `krzj nlb ?559.


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;9

Lb kduk ls lslfmikb pkrk bk `kyjrk nl hjr`ks nl vink mjfjminks pjr lb

aj`orl, ifmbuink bk au`kfk7 ls lb mj`pjflftl prifmipkb nl bk `ktlrik vivk,

mjfstituyl nlb


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?5

88-?558-UK/^M, Bkòkylqul, Mskr Kudustj - Suidk Bplz)7 sl lxpjflf

bjs hufnk`lftjs qul nkf tkb mktldjrk kb kduk7 sl sjstilfl qul lb nlrlmaj

lsplmihimj kb kduk fj sl lfmulftrk mjfsinlrknj k fivlb pjsitivj, plrj nloinj k

bk lxistlfmik nl rkzjfls suhimilftls mj`j lb nl lbl`lftj osimj pkrk bk vink,

pkrk lb nlskrrjbbj ifnivinukb y mjblmtivj, ks mj`j bk oksl pkrk bk mjfslmumif

nl jtrjs nlrlmajs, custihimkf su rlmjfjmiìlftj mj`j nlrlmaj hufnk`lftkb fj

lfu`lrknj nirlmtk`lftl bidknj k vkbjrls tkf i`pjrtkftls mj`j bk nidfinkn nlb

slr au`kfj y lb lstknj sjmikb y nl`jmrtimj nl nlrlmaj.

Ukrk bk Bly nl _lmursjs Anrimjs F?9==17 lf su krtmubj pri`lrj slkbk

qul lb kduk ls uf rlmursj fkturkb rlfjvkobl ifnisplfskobl pkrk bk vink,

vubflrkobl y lstrktdimj pkrk lb nlskrrjbbj sjstlfiobl, lb `kftlfiìlftj nl bjs

mimbjs fkturkbls qul bk sustlftkf, y bk sldurinkn nl bk fkmif.7 bj qul lvinlfmik

bk drkf i`pjrtkfmik qul bk Bly jtjrdk kb kduk, k su usj sjstlfiobl, k su

`kftlfiìlftj y prjtlmmif.

;.?.=. LHLM^J] ]JO_L BK MIXIBISKMIF A\@KFK.

Lb kduk kb slr uf lbl`lftj tkf i`pjrtkftl pkrk bk vink lf dlflrkb y sjorl tjnj

pkrk bk vink au`kfk, ak nlsl`plknj uf pkplb trksmlfnlftl lf tjnk bk

aistjrik, akstk lb puftj nl mjfstituirsl lf fmblj nl nlskrrjbbj nl tjnks y mknk

ufk nl bks sjmilnknls au`kfks.

K bj bkrdj nl bk aistjrik, bks nistiftks mivibizkmijfls sl akf kmlftuknj lf

if`lnikmijfls nl hulftls nl kduk7 pjr lcl`pbj bk mubturk Ldipmik, sl nlskrrjbb

kbrlnlnjr nlb rij Fibj7 @lsjpjtkìk sl nlskrrjbb lftrl bjs rjs îdris y

uhrktls7 ifmbusivl lb kduk hul `jtivj pkrk qul mubturks mj`j bk _j`kfk=l

Ifmk>, nlskrrjbblf uf sistl`k nl kokstlmiìlftj nl kduk (kmulnumtjs, mkfkbls,

= Bk _j`k kftiduk mjfsu`k ufjs ;85 ìbbjfls nl bitrjs nl Kduk mknk nk, sjorl tjnj lf hulftls,lstkfquls, okjs y bltrifks pobimjs. \fk pkrtl nl lsl mkunkb iok nirlmtk`lftl k bks mksks nl bjs rimjs,qul vivkf lf vibbks j lf `kfzkfks nl mksjfks nl uf pisj. Ulrj bk dlftl qul akoitkok lf pisjs kbtjs tlfkqul rlmjdlr Kduk nl bks hulftls y nl bjs lstkfquls, j mjftrktkr bjs slrvimijs nl Kduknjrlsprjhlsijfkbls. Lf attp3//www.pjrtkbpbkfltkslnfk.mj`.kr/kmulnumtjs.at`

> Lf lb Musmj sl mkfkbizkrjf bjs njs rikmaulbjs qul ktrkvilskf bk miunkn, l`plnrkfnj sus mkumls ylstkoblmilfnj pulftls plktjfkbls.Lf attp3//ls.wigiplnik.jrd/wigi/KdrimubturkZifmkimk#]istl`ksZnlZrildj


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ltm.)7 nl idukb hjr`k bks mubturks prl-ifmks, tkòif sl kmlftukrjf kbrlnlnjr nl

hulftls nl kduk.

Lb kduk sl mjfvilrtl lf uf fmblj nl nlskrrjbbj lf tjnjs bjs lstknijs nl

lvjbumif au`kfk, nlsnl bk mjùfinkn priìtivk, pkskfnj pjr lb lsmbkvis`j, lb

hlunkbis`j y bk sjmilnkn mkpitkbistk7 lb kduk mj`j hulftl nl vink pjsioibitk lb

mjfsu`j au`kfj, lb nlskrrjbbj nl bk kdrimubturk, nl bk prjnummif nl mlrìmk,

nl bk ifnustrik, ltm., mu`pbilfnj uf pkplb ùy i`pjrtkftl, uf lhlmtj

trksmlfnlftl lf lb kslftkìlftj au`kfj y lb nlskrrjbbj nl bk mivibizkmif7 ls

nlmir lb kduk ls vink, tkftj ks qul ufj nl bjs prifmipijs nlb ttubj prlbiìfkr nl

bk Bly nl _lmursjs Anrimjs F?9==1 lf su krtmubj tlrmlrj fu`lrkb ufj

rlmjfjml lb prifmipij nl vkbjrkmif y nl dlstif iftldrknk nlb kduk, nfnjbl uf

vkbjr sjmijmubturkb, lmjfìmj y kòilftkb.

;.?.>. M_I]I] @\FNIKB NLB KD\K7 NIHIM\B^KNL] NL KMML]J.

Lb kduk pjtkobl, ls lb kduk kptk pkrk lb mjfsu`j au`kfj, kb prjmlsj nl

mjfvlrsif nlb kduk mj`f lf kduk pjtkobl sl bl bbk`k pjtkoibizkmif qul

pulnl nkrsl `lnikftl vkrijs prjmlniìlftjs, dlflrkb`lftl sl kknl mbjrj.

Bks trls mukrtks pkrtls nl bk tilrrk lstf muoilrtks pjr kduk, y nl tjnk lstk sjbj

lb =% ls nubml hkmtiobl nl slr pjtkoibizknk, ls nlmir pkrk lb mjfsu`j au`kfj7Lb ifmrl`lftj nl bk pjobkmif ùfnikb, ak almaj qul lb kmmlsj slk nihmib, `s

nl ; ;55 555 555 ìbbjfls nl plrsjfks mkrlmlf nl kduk pjtkobl y ? >55 555

555 plrsjfks mkrlmlf nl uf oulf skflkìlftj lf mukftj kb mjfsu`j.

Ujr nivlrsjs `jtivjs, bk nispjfioibinkn nl kduk rlsubtk prjobl`timk lf oulfk

pkrtl nlb ùfnj, y pjr lbbj sl ak mjfvlrtinj lf ufk nl bks prifmipkbls

prljmupkmijfls nl djoilrfjs lf tjnj lb ùfnj. Kmtukb`lftl, sl lsti`k qul

kbrlnlnjr nl ìb ìbbjfls nl plrsjfks tilflf uf nlhimilftl kmmlsj7 lstk

situkmif sl kdrkvk pjr lb mjfsu`j lf `kbks mjfnimijfls, qul hkvjrlml bk

prjbihlrkmif nl lfhlr`lnknls y orjtls lpinìmjs. @umajs nl bjs pksls

rlufinjs lf Lvikf lf bk QQIQ mjfhlrlfmik nlb D-1 sl `krmkrjf lb ?5;< mj`j

hlmak bìtl pkrk mjfslduir lb kmmlsj ufivlrskb kb kduk lf `lcjrls mjfnimijfls

lf tjnj lb ùfnj.


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??

Bk `kbk mkbinkn nlb kduk y lb skflkìlftj irrldubkr khlmtkf drkvl`lftl lb

lstknj skfitkrij nl bk pjobkmif7 sbj lb mjfsu`j nl kduk mjftkìfknk mkusk

55.555 fijs kb kj, vmti`ks nl nikrrlk. Bk mjftkìfkmif, pjr jtrk pkrtl,

fj sbj mjftkìfk rjs y `krls, sifj bjs rlmursjs anrimjs suotlrrfljs qul

sirvlf nl kokstlmiìlftj pkrk lb mjfsu`j au`kfj. Bk prjvisif nl kduk nubml

lst nisìfuylfnj k lsmkbk ùfnikb. \fk plrsjfk nl mknk mifmj yk fj tilfl

kmmlsj kb kduk pjtkobl. Mksi ufk nl mknk trls fj nispjfl nl `lnijs nl

skflkìlftj knlmuknjs.

Mubls sjf bks tlfnlfmiks dbjokbls:, mkblftkìlftj dbjokb, lsmkslz nl

bbuviks, nisìfumif nl mkunkbls y nlrrltiìlftj nl dbkmikrls. Bjs dbkmikrls

kfnifjs akf lftrknj lf ufk hksl kmlblrknk nl rltrjmlsj nloinj kb

mkblftkìlftj dbjokb y kb hlf`lfj `ltljrjbdimj mjfjminj mj`j lb Fij,

lsti`fnjsl qul nlskpkrlmlrf mj`pbltk`lftl lf ?5 j =5 kjs. Milfthimjs

nl ;< pksls rlufinjs lf Aukrkz (Ulr) akf lxprlsknj su prljmupkmif pjr

lstjs prjmlsjs, qul ifminlf sjorl bjs kmuhlrjs y bjs fmbljs nl pjobkmif nl

muktrj pksls bktifjk`lrimkfjs. Lf K`rimk Bktifk, bjs dbkmikrls trjpimkbls

lstf uoimknjs `kyjritkrik`lftl lf bk mjrnibblrk nl bjs Kfnls7 4;% lf Ulr,

?5% lf Ojbivik, >% lf Lmuknjr y >% lf Mjbjòik7 lstjs dbkmikrls trjpimkblsprlslftkf uf rltrjmlsj kmlblrknj nlsnl `lniknjs nl bjs kjs 45. Lf lb Ulr

sl akf nl`krmknj ;58 mulfmks ainrjdrhimks, > k bk nlb Ktbftimj y 9 kb bkdj îtimkmk, qul prjnumlf ?5>


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?=

`ibbjfls lstkrf kslftknjs lf lb `oitj urokfj, bj qul dlflrkrk `kyjr

prlsif sjorl lb rlmursj anrimj.

;.?.


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?>

Lb usj kdrmjbk mjfsistl, lf lb kokstlmiìlftj nl kduk pkrk lb rildj nl mubtivjs

kdrmjbks, mj`j pkpk, krrjz, mlrlkbls, ltm.7 Lf bk kmtukbinkn nlb tjtkb nl kduk

ùfnikb mjfsuìobl, lb `kyjr pjrmlftkcl sl utibizk lf bk kmtivinkn kdrmjbk k

lxmlpmif nl Lurjpk y K`rimk nlb Fjrtl. Bk kdrimubturk ls jovik`lftl lb

slmtjr qul mjfsu`l `s, rlprlslftkfnj dbjokb`lftl kbrlnlnjr nlb 81 pjr

milftj nl tjnk bk lxtrkmmif, lb mjfsu`j nj`stimj kbmkfzk kprjxi`knk`lftl

lb ;5 pjr milftj y bk ifnustrik lb ?? pjr milftj,=

nl bk Bly F?9==1).

;.?.=

sjorl bjs usjs prjnumtivjs. Lb kduk mu`pbl uf pkplb i`pjrtkftsi`j mj`j`lnij nl prjnummif lf bk ifnustrik kmtukb, lf lb prjmlsj nl prjnummif y

hkorimkmif nl nihlrlftls krtmubjs mj`j mkbzknjs, tlxtibls, lf bk mjfslrvkmif y

prjmlskìlftj nl kbi`lftjs, lf bk ltkburdik, lf bk ifnustrik hkr`kmutimk7 ltm.7

K fivlb ùfnikb, nlb tjtkb nl kduk, lb ??% ls nlstifknk k bk ifnustrik y sl

lsti`k qul pkrk lb ?5?< lstl pjrmlftkcl sl ifmrl`lftkrk k uf ?>%.

Lb kduk tilfl uf vkbjr lmjfìmj pkrk bk ifnustrik, ls pjr lsj qul bjs

jrdkfis`js lstktkbls y fj lstktkbls, ifnustrikbls fkmijfkbls y trkfsfkmijfkbls,

bjs privknjs, ltm., tilflf bk prljmupkmif nl i`pbl`lftkr pjbtimks qul

ksldurlf lstl lbl`lftj pkrk lb kokstlmiìlftj nl bk ifnustrik lf trìfjs

lmjbdimjs y prj-kòilftkbls, puls bjs fnimls nl mjftkìfkmif sjf

rlvlbknjrls7 ufjs =55-


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?= lstknjs k hkvjr, > vjtjs lf mjftrk (Kustrkbik, Mkfkn, Fulvk

Slbkfnk y Lstknjs \finjs nl K`rimk) y ;; kostlfmijfls (Kzlrokicf,

Okfdbknlsa, Outf, Ourufni, Mjbjòik, Dljrdik, Glfik, Fidlrik, Bk Hlnlrkmif

_usk, ]k`jk y \mrkfik)

Lstk nlmbkrkmif lstkoblml uf `krmj ufivlrskb pkrk bk suplrvivlfmik, nidfinkn,

oilflstkr y nlrlmajs nl bjs pulobjs ifndlfks nlb ùfnj7 kojrnk, bjs

nlrlmajs ifnivinukbls y mjblmtivjs, bk inlftinkn mubturkb, bk lnumkmif, lb l`pblj

y lb inij`k7 mjfnlfk bk nismriìfkmif mjftrk bjs pulobjs ifndlfks y prjùlvl

su pkrtimipkmif lf tjnjs bjs ksuftjs qul bls ktklf7 dkrkftizk su nlrlmaj k bknihlrlfmik y kb bjdrj nl sus prjpiks prijrinknls lf mukftj kb nlskrrjbbj

lmjfìmj, sjmikb y mubturkb. Bk nlmbkrkmif lstiùbk bks rlbkmijfls nl

mjjplrkmif lftrl bjs lstknjs y bjs pulobjs ifndlfks.


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=5

]u krt. ?


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=;

Mjf bk hifkbinkn nl lfmjftrkr puftjs nl sl`lckfzk y nihlrlfmik, qul fjs

kyunlf k joslrvkr bk lvjbumif nl bks bldisbkmijfls lf `ktlrik nl Nlrlmaj nl

Kduks, lstunikrl`js bks bldisbkmijfls bktifjk`lrimkfks prifmipkb`lftl nl bjs

pksls kfnifjs nl Maibl, Ojbivik y Ulr. \tibizkfnj uf lfhjqul prmtimj,

kfkbizkrl`js lstks bldisbkmijfls k bk buz nl su i`pkmtj sjmijlmjfìmj lf bjs

pksls kfnifjs `lfmijfknjs.

;.=.;.;. BLDI]BKMIF NL KD\K] LF OJBIXIK.

K `kflrk nl iftrjnummif7 lf bjs bti`js kjs lf bk kdlfnk ùfnikb, bk

prjobl`timk nlb kduk ak jotlfinj `kyjr i`pjrtkfmik, ufj nl bjs pksls qul

ak mjftriouinj kmtivk`lftl pkrk tkb hif ak sinj Ojbivik, mj`j i`pubsjr nl ufk

fulvk visif lf mukftj kb `kflcj nlb kduk, mjfstruylfnj ufk dlstif sjmikb

qul ifvjbumrl k tjnjs bjs khlmtknjs y olflhimikrijs, pulobjs ifndlfks,

mjùfinknls, ltm.7 drkmiks k bk ifimiktivk ojbivikfk, bk JF\ rlmjfjmi lb

nlrlmaj au`kfj kb kduk y lb skflkìlftj osimj lb ?1 nl Cubij nlb ?5;5.

Lf mukftj k bk bldisbkmif nl kduks lf Ojbivik, mkol nlstkmkr qul k bj bkrdj nl

su aistjrik, sl ak tlfinj nihlrlftls blyls7 kbdufks lsplmikbls, ufks nlstifknks

k rldubkr milrtks kmtivinknls, jtrks jrilftknks k hkvjrlmlr iftlrlsls pjbtimjs y

lmjfìmjs, ltm., lìtifnjsl, ufk mjfsinlrkobl mkftinkn nl blyls7 lf ;958 sl

lìtl bk Bly nl Kduks nl Ojbivik nlb ?8 nl jmtuorl, bk mukb lf uf ifimij tlfk uftrkshjfnj privktistk, ls nlmir qul lb kduk hjr`kok pkrtl nlb pktri`jfij privknj

tkb mukb bks bldisbkmijfls nl bk pjmk lf bjs pksls vlmifjs, mj`j su krtmubj I

ibustrk3 Ulrtlflmlf kb nulj nl uf prlnij bks kduks pbuvikbls qul mklf j

sl rlmjdlf lf lb ìs`j ìlftrks nismurrkf pjr b. Ujnr lf mjfslmulfmik

mjfstruir nlftrj nl su prjpilnkn mistlrfks, kbciols, ckdlbls j fjquls

njfnl mjfslrvkrbks, sil`prl qul mjf lbbj fj sl mkusl plrcuimij, kb

pobimj fi k tlrmlrjs.;;7 ks ìs`j, nimak Bly lstipubkok qul lb nlrlmaj nl

kprjvlmakìlftj nlb rlmursj anrimj pulnl nkrsl lf mkbinkn nl mjfmlsif j

kutjrizkmif. Lb lhlmtj nl lstk bly, ksldurkok lb kokstlmiìlftj nl kduk pkrk

lb rildj nl bjs drkfnls bktihufnijs ojbivikfjs, mjf lb trkfsmurrir nlb til`pj lb

kudl y l`pjfnlrkìlftj nlb lstknj, bjs krtmubjs nl lstk bly hulrjf

;;OJBIXIK, BLY NL KD\K], ?= NL JM^\O_L NL ;958.


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=?

`jnihimfnjsl pjr krtmubjs qul rlmjfjmkf kb lstknj mjf njìfij sjorl lb

rlmursj anrimj7 kmtukb`lftl lstk bly sidul lf vidlfmik lf lb lstknj

pburifkmijfkb nl Ojbivik, plrj pjr lb trkfsmursj nlb til`pj y lb nlsmjfjmiìlftj

ak qulnknj lf nlsusj.

Lf fjvilòrl nlb ;999 i`pubsknk pjr lb Okfmj @ufnikb, sl prjùbd bk Bly

F?5?9 nl Urlstkmif nl ]lrvimijs nl Kduk Ujtkobl y Kbmkftkribbknj ]kfitkrij,

muyjs kbmkfmls ousmkrjf bldkbizkr bk privktizkmif nl bjs rlmursjs anrimjs, okcj

bk `jnkbinkn nl mjfmlsijfls y kutjrizkmijfls akstk nl >5 kjs, nlspus nl bk

prjùbdkmif sl jtjrd lf mjfmlsif bks kduks nl Mjmakokòk k ufk

l`prlsk bbk`knk Kduks nl ûfkri, uf mjfsjrmij lf lb qul bk trkfsfkmijfkb

Oltmalb pkrtimipkok mjf uf ?4,


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==

`kyjr i`pjrtkfmik kb tl`k nl bjs rlmursjs anrimjs7 prj`jvilfnj i`pjrtkftls

rlhjr`ks ifstitumijfkbls, mj`j bk mrlkmif nlb @ifistlrij nlb Kòilftl y Kduk.

;.=.;.?. BLDI]BKMIF NL KD\K] LF MAIBL.

Lf lb pks surlj, lb `kflcj y dlstif nl bjs rlmursjs anrimjs ak sinj jocltjnl rldubkmif pjr nivlrsjs nispjsitivjs fjr`ktivjs7 sif lòkrdj, lf bk

kmtukbinkn lb mnidj nl kduks vidlftl, nktk nlb kj ;91; y hul prjùbdknj pjr

lb djoilrfj ìbitkr nl Kudustj Uifjmalt lb mukb knjpt `lninks lmjfìmks nl

mkrmtlr fljbiolrkb, i`pubsknks pjr lb Okfmj @ufnikb, nl `kflrk qul lb mnidj

nl kduks nl ;91; tkòif ls duiknj pjr bjs prifmipijs nlb biorl `lrmknj,

hj`lftkfnj lb `lrmknj nl kduks, y bk privktizkmif nl bk l`prlsks

prlstknjrks nl slrvimijs nl kduk.

Lb mnidj mivib maiblfj nlb kj ;1


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=>

nl biorl `lrmknj, lf lstl mjftlxtj ls qul sl nij buz kb Mnidj nl Kduks nl

Maibl nl ;91;.

Lb mnidj nl kduks nl Maibl, nlskrrjbbknj mjf lb kpjyj nl bjs lmjfjìstks nlb

Okfmj @ufnikb y nlb Okfmj Iftlrk`lrimkfj nl Nlskrrjbbj, y k`pkrknj pjr bk

mjfstitumif maiblfk nl ;915, ls bk fimk lf jtjrdkr lb `kflcj nlb kduk k bks

blyls nlb biorl `lrmknj, nlfjìfknk iftlrfkmijfkb`lftl mj`j lb `jnlbj

maiblfj7 Lstl mnidj, lfdrkfnlmi bk sldurinkn curnimk nl bjs nlrlmajs

privknjs sjorl lb kduk7 tkb ls ks qul su krt. < lstkoblml qul bks kduks sjf

oilfls fkmijfkbls y nl usj pobimj, lb lstknj pulnl jtjrdkr k

pkrtimubkrls nlrlmajs nl kprjvlmakìlftj nl kduks pjr til`pj

ifnlhifinj, lf mkbinkn nl nlrlmaj rlkb qul lb titubkr pjnr vlfnlr,

aipjtlmkr, krrlfnkr, ltm.7 lf sftlsis jtjrdk k bjs titubkrls ufk sldurinkn

curnimk ùmaj `s lxpbmitk y nlhifitivk qul lb mjfmlptj nl mjfmlsif qul

jorkok lf lb kftlrijr mnidj nlb kj ;989.;=

Lf lb mnidj bjs nlrlmajs nl kduk sjf slpkrknjs nl bjs nlrlmajs nl tilrrks y

trkfshjr`knjs lf uf oilf trkfskobl. Lf bk prmtimk bjs nlrlmajs nl kduks

knquirinjs tilflf lb stktus nl prjpilnkn privknk. Ukrk hkmibitkr `s lb trkspksj

nl uf tipj nl kprjvlmakìlftj k jtrj lmjfìmk`lftl `s rlftkobl, sl

lbiìfkrjf bks bistks nl prijrinknls bldkbls pkrk lb kmmlsj kb kduk, lxistlftls

lf bk bldisbkmif kftlrijr nl ;989. Lstj ifmbusivl akml hkmtiobl bk trkfshlrlfmik

nlb kduk nl rildj y lb kduk pjtkobl nl bks mjùfinknls mk`plsifks k

ifnustriks s bumrktivks;>.

Lb Mnidj nl Kduks nlb ;91;, kb lstkoblmlr sldurinkn curnimk, ousmk dkrkftizkr

uf lhimilftl `lrmknj nl kduks, y hj`lftkr bk ifvlrsif privknk, tkb ls ks qul

lf lb fjrtl nl Maibl, lxistl drkfnls l`prlsks ìflrks lxtrkmtjrks nl mjorl7

pjr lcl`pbj7 lf bk Ibbk bjs nihlrlftls mjfhbimtjs lf mukftj kb usj nlb kduk sjf

jridifknjs pjr bks mjfstkftls sjbimitunls nl prjylmtjs ìflrjs, ufj nl lbbjs ls

lb drkf prjylmtj ìflrj nlfjìfknj Kbnlokrf7 qul ousmk bk lxpbjtkmif k tkcj

;= \_^LKDK Uktrimik, OJLBLF] _utdlrn7 ?5587 Nlrlmajs Mjblmtivjs y Ujbtimks Anrimks lf bk _ldifKfnifk7 Bi`k7 ILU7 pd. OJLBLF] _utdlrn, DL^MAL] Nkvin, D\LXK_K DIB Kr`kfnj7 ?5587 Kduk y Nlrlmaj Ujbtimks Anrimks,Nlrlmajs Mjfsultunifkrijs l Inlftinknls Bjmkbls7 Bi`k7 ILU,7 pd. ;


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=5

Lb mjftlxtj lf lb mukb sl prjùbdj bk mjfstitumif pjbtimk nl ;99=, jolnlmk k

bk i`pbkftkmif nl pjbtimks lmjfìmks fljbiolrkbls, qul hkmibitlf bk rlifslrmif

nlb Ulr lf lb `lrmknj iftlrfkmijfkb, lf tkb slftinj, sl prj`jvi y sl ousm

mrlkr uf kòilftl nl sldurinkn curnimk pkrk bk prj`jmif nl bk ifvlrsif

lxtrkfclrk, sl l`plz k i`pbkftkr ufk pjbtimk nl privktizkmif nl bks

l`prlsks nl prjpilnkn nlb lstknj7 y suoslmulftl`lftl bk nl bjs rlmursjs

fkturkbls7 tkb ks qul lstk mjfstitumif lf su krt. 88 lstkoblml qul7 Bjs

rlmursjs fkturkbls, rlfjvkobls y fj rlfjvkobls, sjf pktri`jfij nl bk

Fkmif. Lb Lstknj ls sjolrkfj lf su kprjvlmakìlftj. Ujr bly jrdfimk

sl hickf bks mjfnimijfls nl su utibizkmif y nl su jtjrdkìlftj k

pkrtimubkrls. Bk mjfmlsif jtjrdk k su titubkr uf nlrlmaj rlkb, sucltj k

nimak fjr`k bldkb.7 nl lbbj pjnl`js ifhlrir qul bk prjpilnkn nl bjs rlmursjs

fkturkbls kb `lfjs lf bk tljrk, sjf nlb lstknj, plrj mj`j sjstilfl Makfk`lJrol ;9, bjs rlmursjs fkturkbls, fj nlolf lstkr iflrtls, sifj qul nlolf slr

utibizknjs, lf tkb rkzf lb sldufnj prrkhj pjsioibitk bk utibizkmif nl tkbls

rlmursjs pjr bjs pkrtimubkrls j privknjs7 `lnikftl bk hidurk curnimk nl bk

mjfmlsif, bk ifvlrsif privknk jotilfl sldurinkn curnimk k fivlb mjfstitumijfkb

mj`j uf nlrlmaj rlkb.

Mj`j vlrl`js `s knlbkftl, lstl nispjsitivj bldkb mjbisijfkok mjf bk fjr`k

lsplmikb qul lrk bk Bly Dlflrkb nl kduks Nlmrltj Bly F;44


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>;

biolrkbis`j l`lrdlftl nl Lstknjs \finjs y Lurjpk, k trkvs nlb

rlmjfjmiìlftj nl nlrlmajs k hkvjr nl bjs privknjs.

Fkturkblzk Curnimk7 lf lb mnidj nl kduks nl ;95?, lb kduk tlfk ufk

fkturkblzk curnimk kòiduk pkrkblbk`lftl pjnk slr mjfsinlrknj mj`j

oilf pobimj j mj`j oilf privknj7 lf uf ifimij mjfsinlrkok kb kduk mj`j

uf oilf pobimj, plrj pjstlrijr`lftl pjnk mjfstituirsl lf prjpilnkn

privknk nl kqulbbks plrsjfks pkrtimubkrls qul ifvilrtkf lf tkb lbl`lftj,

jtjrdfnjbls nlrlmajs rlkbls7 ls i`pjrtkftl nlstkmkr qul lstl mnidj

tkòif pjsioibitkok bk kprjpikmif nl bjs rlmursjs anrimjs, nl bjs

mkumls, rivlrks, jribbks, hkcks `krdifkbls, ltm. pjr kmmlsif k hkvjr nlb

titubkr nlb prlnij.

;.=.?.=.?. BLY DLFL_KB NL KD\K] NL ;989.

Bk Bly Dlflrkb nl Kduks hul prjùbdknk lf lb Djoilrfj _lvjbumijfkrij nlb

Dlflrkb Xlbksmj Kbvkrknj `lnikftl Nlmrltj Bly F;44 nl cubij nl

;989, prlvik`lftl k su lftrknk lf vidlfmik sl prjùbdj bk Bly nl _lhjr`k

Kdrkrik lb ?9 nl cufij nl ;989, lstkoblmifnjsl ufk rlbkmif lstrlmak lftrl bjs

kbmlfsls nl kòks blyls, mjf lb jocltj nl mjfsjbinkr l i`pbl`lftkr bk rlhjr`k

kdrkrik. Bk Bly Dlflrkb nl Kduks, sl uoimk nlftrj nlb sistl`k qul sl

mkrkmtlrizk pjr mjfsinlrkr kb kduk mj`j oilf pobimj, k nihlrlfmik nl jtrjssistl`ks mj`j lb privktistk y lb ìxtj.

Fkturkblzk Curnimk7 Lf mukftj k bk fkturkblzk curnimk nlb kduk

jtjrdknk pjr bk Bly Dlflrkb nl kduks nl ;989, pjnl`js nlmir qul lb

kduk tlfk ufk fkturkblzk curnimk nl oilf pobimj, ls nlmir qul lb kduk

(k nihlrlfmik nl bk Bly prlnlmlsjrk) lf tjnks sus hjr`ks lrk sjbj

prjpilnkn nlb Lstknj mjf njìfij, ifkbilfkoibinkn l i`prlsmriptioibinkn7

sl lvinlfmik qul lstk Bly sl lfmulftrk nlftrj nl bjs sistl`ks sjmikbls,nkfnj uf mkrmtlr rkmijfkb y sjmikb kb usj.

@lnikftl lb prlslftl kfbisis qulrl`js, slkbkr bjs puftjs `s sidfihimktivjs

nl bk Bly Dlflrkb nl Kduks, lf tkb rkzf mj`lfzkrl`js slkbkfnj qul lstk

bly, jtjrdkok bk prjpilnkn nlb kduk kb lstknj y su njìfij lrk ifkbilfkobl l


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>?

i`prlsmriptiobl, silfnj uf nlrlmaj qul fj sl pjnk trkfshlrir fi kdjtkrsl pjr lb

til`pj7 lxistk bk pjsioibinkn nl jtjrdkr lb usj nlb kduk sil`prl y mukfnj sl

lstkok lf kr`jfk mjf lb iftlrs sjmikb y lb nlskrrjbbj nlb pks, lstkoblminj lf

lb krt. I nl bk bly7 k s ìs`j sl lxtlfnk k tjnks bks kduks, silfnj `krti`ks,

kt`jshrimks, suotlrrflks y lf tjnjs sus lstknjs hsimjs.

Bk Bly Dlflrkb nl Kduks, jtjrdkok uf rjb nltlrìfkftl, kb lstknj lf mukftj kb

mjftrjb nlb kduk, nl su mkbinkn, knìfistrkmif, dlstif, y skfmif, k si pjr

lcl`pbj lb pjnlr lclmutivj, pjnk rlslrvkrsl kduks pkrk nlstifkrbks k mukbquilr

hifkbinkn nl iftlrs pobimj7 rljrdkfizkr bks mulfmks ainrjdrhimks pkrk ufk

utibizkmif `s rkmijfkb y mjalrlftl nlb kduk7 nlmbkrkok zjfks nl prjtlmmif

lf bk qul mukbquilr kmtivinkn qul ktlftl j khlmtl bjs rlmursjs anrimjs, pjnk

slr biìtknk, mjfnimijfknk y prjaioink7 tkòif bk Bly Dlflrkb nl Kduks, nl`kflrk lfhtimk lstkoblmk qul tjnk plrsjfk pkrk utibizkr lb kduk rlquilrl nl

plrìsj j kutjrizkmif, k lxmlpmif nlb usj nlb kduk pkrk sktishkmlr

flmlsinknls pri`kriks, k trkvs nl bk kutjrinkn nl kduks, bk lxpbjtkmif ìflrk

lrk mjftrjbknk y suplrvidibknk, jtjrdkfnj plrìsjs nl usj pkrk bk lxtrkmmif,

pkdkfnj bjs mjrrlspjfnilftls nlrlmajs lf hkvjr nlb lstknj7 bj qul sidfihimkok

uf hulrtl mjftrjb pjr pkrtl nlb lstknj.

Bk Bly Dlflrkb nl Kduks, mjf rlsplmtj k bk mjfslrvkmif y prlslrvkmif nl bjsrlmursjs anrimjs, lstkoblmk qul bk kutjrinkn nl kduks, tlfk bk hufmif nl

knjptkr bks `lninks plrtiflftls pkrk lvitkr bk prnink nl kduks pjr mukbquilr

`jtivj, mjf lb hif nl bjdrkr uf usj lhlmtivj y sjstlfiobl nlb rlmursj, k su vlz

lxidk k tjnjs bjs usukrijs k l`pblkr lb kduk mjf lhimilfmik y lmjfj`k7 y

prjaiok lb vlrtiìlftj nl rlsinujs sbinjs j bquinjs qul punilrkf mjftkìfkr,

pjfilfnj lf plbidrj bk skbun au`kfk, skfmijfknj mjf bk susplfsif nlb

suìfistrj.

Lf mukftj k bjs usjs, bk Bly Dlflrkb nl Kduks, lstkoblmk tipjs nl usj y su

prijrinkn lf hufmif nlb iftlrs sjmikb7 lb krtmubj ?4 slkbkok lb jrnlf nl

prijrinkn, silfnj lb siduilftl3

k. Ukrk bks flmlsinknls pri`kriks y kokstlmiìlftj nl pjobkmijfls7

o. Ukrk mrk y lxpbjtkmif nl kfi`kbls7


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m. Ukrk kdrimubturk7

n. Ukrk usjs lflrdtimjs, ifnustrikbls, iflrjs7 y

l. Ukrk jtrjs usjs.

Lb jtjrdkìlftj nl usjs nl kduk lrk jtjrdknj pjr lb lstknj, k trkvs nl bk

kutjrinkn nl kduks y prlhlrlftl`lftl pkrk hifls nj`stimjs y pjobkmijfkbls,`lnikftl plrìsjs, kutjrizkmijfls y bimlfmiks7 sil`prl y mukfnj sl ksldurl bk

fj mjftkìfkmif j prnink nlb kduk, qul fj i`pink lb rlqulriìlftj nl jtrjs

usjs nl kduk, y qul lxistk suhimilftl kduk lf mkbinkn y mkftinkn pkrk jtjrdkrsl

sif nls`lnrj nl bjs usjs pobimjs.

Ukrk bk kmtivinkn kdrmjbk, bk bly jtjrdkok bk knìfistrkmif nl bjs rlmursjs

anrimjs k bk kutjrinkn nl kduks, tj`kfnj lf mulftk bk rlkbinkn y lb mjftlxtj

nl mknk nistritj nl rildj7 nl kmulrnj k pbkfls nl mubtivj y rildj sl`lstrkbls jkfukbls ks mj`j pkrk lb kokstlmiìlftj nl mknk prlnij.

Lf mukftj k bk kmtivinkn lflrdtimk, ifnustrikb y ìflrk, bjs usjs nlb kduk

pjnkf lftrldkrsl nkfnj prijrinkn k bjs pbkfls lstktkbls nl prj`jmif y

nlskrrjbbj7 bk bly pjnk jtjrdkr usjs pkrk hifls nl lftrltlfiìlftj y turis`j,

sil`prl qul fj sl plrturol bjs usjs pobimjs y pri`krijs7 ls ùy i`pjrtkftl

slkbkr qul bk Bly Dlflrkb nl Kduks jtjrdkok bk hkmubtkn kb lstknj pkrk qul

lstl pulnk hickr bjs `jftjs qul mjrrlspjfnkf pkdkr pjr mjfmlptj nl usj nl

kduk y mjfsinlrkok uf pkdj `fi`j pkrk kqulbbjs usjs qul fj tlfkf uf hif

bumrktivj.

Lf mukftj k bk curisnimmif knìfistrktivk, bk Bly Dlflrkb nl Kduks, jtjrdkok

hkmubtknls kb @ifistlrij nl Kdrimubturk y Ulsqulrk nl lftjfmls7 lb

knìfistrknjr tmfimj nl rildj lrk lb hufmijfkrij mj`pltlftl pkrk rlsjbvlr bks

mulstijfls y rlmbk`js lf pri`lrk ifstkfmik y lb nirlmtjr dlflrkb nl kduks

sulbjs l Irridkmif rlsjbvk lf sldufnk ifstkfmik, mjf lb mukb sl kdjtkok bk vk

knìfistrktivk.

Bk Bly Dlflrkb nl Kduks, sidfihimkok uf ifstru`lftj curnimj pjnlrjsj pkrk

i`pbl`lftkr, y bblvkr k mkoj lb prjdrk`k nlb djoilrfj nl lftjfmls (;981), qul

sl mkrkmtlrizkok pjr ousmkr mjfsinlrkr y ktlfnlr k bks drkfnls `kyjrks,

lxmbuinks y l`pjorlminks, lstktizkfnj lb mjftrjb y prjpilnkn nlb kduk y


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ousmkfnj mjfsjbinkr bk rlhjr`k kdrkrik, bj qul nihimubtkrk lb kmmlsj nl bk

ifvlrsif privknk.

]if lòkrdj plsl k bjs kvkfmls nl Bk Bly Dlflrkb nl Kduks, tlrìfknj lb

djoilrfj ìbitkr, sl l`plz k nls`kftlbkr bjs mkòijs k hkvjr nl bjs slmtjrls

pjpubkrls, sl pkrkbizj bk rlhjr`k kdrkrik, plrj bk Bly Dlflrkb nl Kduks, hulrlsistink k nlrjdkrsl pjr qul mjftkok mjf lb kpjyj nl bjs kdrimubtjrls y

mk`plsifjs, bjdrkfnj plrnurkr akstk lb ?559 nlrjdknk pjr bk kmtukb Bly nl

_lmursjs Anrimjs F?9==1.

Nurkftl su vidlfmik Bk Bly Dlflrkb nl Kduks, lxplri`lft `jnihimkmijfls, k

trkvs nlb Nlmrltj Bldisbktivj ;58 nl cubij nl ;91;, sl `jnihimkrjf 8 krtmubjs7

lf ;99; Lb Nlmrltj Bldisbktivj 8


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prlmkutjrij lf bk knjpmif nl `lninks qul i`pinkf bk nldrknkmif j lxtifmif

nl bks hulftls nl kduk7 lb prifmipij nl sjstlfioibinkn qul prjùlvl y mjftrjbk

lb kprjvlmakìlftj y mjfslrvkmif7 lb mukrtj prifmipij jtjrdkok sldurinkn

curnimk k bk ifvlrsif privknk, (tpimj nlb sistl`k ufivlrskbistk y `jnlrfj nl

Dlstif Iftldrkb nl _lmursjs Anrimjs), ks mj`j k bk pobimk y ìxtk7 lb

nlmrltj tkòif rlmjfjml kb `lfjs lf lb pkplb, lb rlspltj k bjs usjs y

mjstuòrls nl bk mjùfinknls mk`plsifks y fktivks7 lb prifmipij nl vkbjrkmif

nlb kduk nfnjbl uf vkbjr, lmjfìmj, sjmikb, kòilftkb y mubturkb7 lb prifmipij

nl lhimilfmik7 lb prifmipij lmj sistìmj y lb qul prjùlvl bk trkfspkrlfmik lf

lb kmmlsj k bk ifhjr`kmif sjorl rlmursjs anrimjs.

]l mrlk lb sistl`k fkmijfkb nl rlmursjs anrimjs mjf lb jocltivj nl mjjrnifkr y

ksldurkr bk dlstif iftldrknk y ùbtislmtjrikb, lb kprjvlmakìlftj sjstlfiobl, bk

mjfslrvkmif y lb ifmrl`lftj nl bjs rlmursjs anrimjs, prj`jvlr bk

prjnumtivinkn, y prj`jvlr lstunijs l ifvlstidkmijfls kb rlsplmtj7 mjfhjr`knj

pjr7 Bk Kutjrinkn Fkmijfkb nlb Kduk, lb @ifistlrij nlb Kòilftl, lb @ifistlrij nl

Kdrimubturk, lb @ifistlrij nl Xivilfnk Mjfstrummif y ]kflkìlftj, lb @ifistlrij

nl ]kbun, lb @ifistlrij nl bk Urjnummif, lb @ifistlrij nl Lflrdk y @ifks, bks

lftinknls pobimks vifmubknks mjf bk dlstif nl bjs rlmursjs anrimjs tkftj nlb

djoilrfj fkmijfkb, rldijfkb y bjmkb, bjs mjfslcjs nl mulfmk, bjs jplrknjrls nl

bjs sistl`ks ainrubimjs pobimjs y privknjs nl mkrmtlr slmtjrikb y

ùbtislmtjrikb, bjs usukrijs nl kduks (krt. 8)7 nlskrrjbbkfnj sus pjbtimks lf

mjjrnifkmif mjf lb @ifistlrij nlb Kòilftl, lb @ifistlrij nl Kdrimubturk, lb

@ifistlrij nl Lflrdk y @ifks, lb @ifistlrij nl bk Urjnummif y lb @ifistlrij nl

Xivilfnk, Mjfstrummif y ]kflkìlftj, ks mj`j mjf bjs djoilrfjs rldijfkbls

y djoilrfjs bjmkbls, nlftrj nlb `krmj nl bk pjbtimk y lstrktldik fkmijfkb nl

rlmursjs anrimjs.

]l mrlk Bk Kutjrinkn Fkmijfkb nlb Kduk mj`j lb lftl rlmtjr nlb sistl`k

fkmijfkb nl rlmursjs anrimjs, mjf bks ktrioumijfls nl hjrùbkr bk pjbtimk

fkmijfkb nl rlmursjs anrimjs7 lìtir jpifif rlsplmtj k bk nispjfioibinkn nlb

rlmursj pkrk bk vikoibinkn nl prjylmtjs nl ifhrklstrumturk ainrubimk7 jtjrdkr

nlrlmajs nl usj nl kduk, ltm.


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]l mrlk tkòif bjs mjfslcjs nl mulfmk, nlplfnilftls nl bk Kutjrinkn

Fkmijfkb nl Kduk, mjf lb jocltj nl pkrtimipkr lf bk lbkojrkmif nl bjs pbkfls nl

dlstif nl rlmursjs anrimjs nl mulfmk.

;.=.?.=.>. NLM_L^J BLDI]BK IXJ F;51= [\L U_J@\LXL LB

KU_JXLMAK@ILF^J LHIMILF^L Y BK MJF]L_XKMIF NLBJ] _LM\_]J] AN_IMJ], KF^LMLNLF^L NI_LM^J NL BK

BLY NL _LM\_]J] AN_IMJ].

Lb ?4 nl cufij nlb ?551, sl puobim lb nlmrltj bldisbktivj F;51=, mjf bk hifkbinkn

nl i`pbl`lftkr lb ^BM mjf bjs Lstknjs \finjs.

Fkturkblzk Curnimk7 nlb ìs`j `jnj qul lb N.B. F;51;, lstl nlmrltj

tkòif sidul bjs prifmipijs nlb sistl`k `jnlrfj ufivlrskbistk nl

Dlstif Iftldrkb nl bjs _lmursjs Anrimjs, silfnj jocltj nl

`jvibizkmijfls sjmikbls y `kfihlstkmijfls lf mjftrk, pjr sus kbmkfmls

privktistks7 mj`j bk ìs`k fjr`k ifnimk lf su pkrtl mjfsinlrktivk, kftl

lb ifmrl`lftj nl bk nl`kfnk nl kduk, sl ousmk dkrkftizkr lb kduk pkrk

kqulbbks kmtivinknls nlstifknks k bk lxpjrtkmif plr`kflftl pkrk bjs

Lstknjs \finjs, lstj plrìtirk nlckr nl bknj jtrjs usjs nl kduk

i`pjrtkftsi`js nlstifknjs kb kokstlmiìlftj fkmijfkb.

Lstl nlmrltj bldisbktivj F;51= sl mkrkmtlrizk pjr lstkoblmlr bk mjfslrvkmifnl bjs rlmursjs anrimjs y su kprjvlmakìlftj lhimilftl, ktriouylfnj k bk

Kutjrinkn Fkmijfkb nlb Kduk bk hufmif nl lstkoblmlr bjs pkr`ltrjs nl

lhimilfmik, jtjrdkfnj lb mlrtihimknj k kqulbbjs usukrijs y jplrknjrls nl bjs

rlmursjs anrimjs pobimjs j privknjs, qul mu`pbkf mjf bjs pkr`ltrjs nl

lhimilfmik, ks mj`j ifmlftivkfnj lb kprjvlmakìlftj lhimilftl nlb kduk.

Lb lstknj, hifkfmikrk bjs lstunijs, bk lclmumif, rlakoibitkmif, nl jorks nl

ifhrklstrumturk ainrubimk qul bjdrlf bk rlnummif nl prninks nl kduk.

;.=.?.=.


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qul vikoibimlf lb ^BM Ulr-Lstknjs \finjs7 jridifj uf f`lrj mjfsinlrkobl nl

`kfihlstkmijfls sjmikbls y/j mjfhbimtjs lf nivlrsks pkrtls nlb Ulr, puls lstks

fjr`ks iftlftkokf nlspjckr bjs usjs, mjstuòrls mjùfkbls y sjmikbls lf

mukftj kb usj nlb kduk, pjsioibitkfnj su kprjpikmif privknk7 kqu kbdufks

`kfihlstkmijfls y mjfhbimtjs sjmikbls jridifknjs pjr lstks fjr`ks3

=5 nl slptilòrl nlb ?551, Bk Cuftk Fkmijfkb nl \sukrijs nl bjs Nistritjs nl

_ildj nlb Ulr (CF\NU), bk Mjfhlnlrkmif Fkmijfkb Kdrkrik (MFK), MMU,

MJFKMK@I, bks rjfnks mk`plsifks, bks jrdkfizkmijfls ifndlfks y jtrjs

drlìjs kdrkrijs nlb Ulr7 mjfvjmkrjf k uf pkrj fkmijfkb pkrk prjtlstkr

mjftrk bk kmtukb pjbtimk kdrkrik y prjtlmmif nlb kdrj kftl lb ^BM y lxidir bk

vidlfmik nl bk kmtukb Bly nl Kduks F ;44


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Ksldurkf Cuftks nl \sukrijs nlb Mairk y ]kf Bjrlfzj7 mj`j sl skol, ufj nl

bks lxidlfmiks nurkftl lb bti`j pkrj fkmijfkb nl bjs kdrimubtjrls ak sinj bk

nlrjdktjrik if`lniktk nl bjs N.B.;51; y N.B.;51=. ]ldf bjs ìs`js

kdrimubtjrls y tkòif sus rlprlslftkftls lstks fjr`ks sjf blsivks pkrk sus

iftlrlsls pjrqul slrk lb `lmkfis`j pkrk "privktizkr" lb kduk nl rildj lf lb

pks. (Lflrj, soknj ;4, ?559 UiurkTlo Fjtimiks)?;.

;.=.?.=.8. BLY NL _LM\_]J] AN_IMJ] F ?9==1.

Bk Bly nl _lmursjs Anrimjs, lftrj lf vidlfmik lb =5 nl `krzj nlb ?5597

nlrjdkfnj bjs nlmrltjs bldisbktivjs ;51;, ;51= y Bk Bly Dlflrkb nl Kduks7

lstk fulvk bly, tkòif ls jocltj nl `kfihlstkmijfls sjmikbls, puls lf sus

nispjsitivjs bitlrkb`lftl sl knjptk bjs prifmipijs privktistks nl bjs nlmrltjs

rlhlrinjs (NBs.;51; y ;51=).

Fkturkblzk Curnimk7 Bk Bly nl _lmursjs Anrimjs, ls ufk fjr`k qul

sl ifslrtk nlftrj nlb sistl`k privktistk nl Dlstif Iftldrkb nl _lmursjs

Anrimjs7 lstk fjr`k sl mkrkmtlrizk pjr mjftlflr uf ttubj prlbiìfkr,

mj`pulstk pjr trls krtmubjs njfnl sl lstkoblml mj`j hifkbinkn lb usj y

dlstif iftldrknk nlb kduk7 ks ìs`j mjftilfl ufk rlbkmif nl jfml

prifmipijs, njfnl nlstkmk bk prlslfmik7 nlb prifmipij nl vkbjrkmif nlb

kduk mj`j lbl`lftj sjmijmubturkb, lmjfìmj y kòilftkb7 lb prifmipij

nl prijrinkn nl kmmlsj kb kduk qul sl jtjrdk pkrk bk sktishkmmif nl bks

flmlsinknls pri`kriks, lb prifmipij nl sldurinkn curnimk qul sl jtjrdk k

bk ifvlrsif privknk, pobimk j ìxtk qul lf bk prmtimk sl mjfvilrtl lf lb

prifmipij qul prlvkblml hrlftl k bjs nl`s7 lb prifmipij nl rlspltj nl bjs

usjs nlb kduk nl bks mjùfinknls mk`plsifks y fktivks7 lf bk

kmtukbinkn lstk rlbkmif nl prifmipijs, sl lfmulftrkf suosuìnjs pjr lb

pjnlr lmjfìmj lcl`pbjs mj`j lb prjylmtj @kcls ]iduks, lvinlfmikffj mu`pbir mjf lstjs prifmipijs sjorl tjnj lb rlspltj k bks mjùfinknls

mk`plsifks nl Lspifkr. Bk bly tkòif lstkoblml mj`j prifmipij bk

sjstlfioibinkn lf lb kprjvlmakìlftj y mjfslrvkmif nlb kduk7 lb

prifmipij nl kutjrinkn fimk y nlsmjfmlftrknk nlb kduk7 lb prifmipij

?; attp3//www.piurkwlo.mj`/ifnlx.pap:jptijf0mj`Zmjftlft&tksg0vilw&in0=?9;


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nl prifmipijs curnimjs mjftlfinjs lf su ttubj prlbiìfkr, qul sl rlmjdlf

bitlrkb`lftl nlb N.B. ;51; nlrjdknj pjr su rjb i`pbl`lftknjr nlb ^BM y

privktistk7 prifmipijs mj`j lb nl bk sldurinkn curnimk k hkvjr nl bk ifvlrsif

privknk, j lb fhksis qul sl bl jtjrdk k bk prjtlmmif nl nlrlmajs nl kduk k

hkvjr nlb jtjrdkìlftj nl bimlfmiks, kutjrizkmijfls, plrìsjs j bk prj`jmif nl

bk ifvlrsif privknk lf bk ifhrklstrumturk ainrubimk mj`j lf bk knìfistrkmif

nl slrvimijs nl kduk, ousmkrkf mjfsjbinkr bks fulvjs jocltivjs nl bk Dlstif

Iftldrkb nl _lmursjs Anrimjs.

;.=.?.=.4. MJFHBIM^J] ]JMIKBL] Y @KFIHL]^KMIJFL] LF MJF^_K NL

BK BLY NL _LM\_]J] AN_IMJ] F?9==1.

Nlsnl su lftrknk lf vidlfmik, bk Bly nl _lmursjs Anrimjs, lxplri`lftj

fu`lrjsks `kfihlstkmijfls sjmikbls lf mjftrk, nl bks qul k `kflrk nllcl`pbj `lfmijfkrl`js kbdufks3

Bks kmmijfls hulrjf ifimiknks pjr ifndlfks gimauks qul nlsnl lb ìrmjbls 1

nl korib mlrrkrjf lb pksj pjr lb rj Fkpj-Murkrky, lf bk rldif Iquitjs, bj qul

rlstrifdi lb nlspbkzkìlftj nl bks lòkrmkmijfls, lf su `kyjrk

plrtlflmilftls k bk l`prlsk Ubuspltrjb, qul mulftk mjf ufk pbktkhjr`k lf lb

budkr ()Bks kmmijfls nl prjtlstk sl rlkbizkf lf rlspkbnj nl bk nlfjìfknk

Ubktkhjr`k nl Bumak nl bjs Uulobjs Ifndlfks K`kzfimjs, qul mjfstk nlfulvl puftjs y muyk pri`lrk lxidlfmik ls bk nlrjdktjrik nl bks blyls y

nlmrltjs bldisbktivjs qul ktlftkf mjftrk bjs nlrlmajs nl bjs pulobjs ifndlfks,

Lftrl lbbjs sl `lfmijfk bk fulvk Bly Hjrlstkb y nl Hkufk ]ibvlstrl, F ?9=;4,

bk Bly nl _lmursjs Anrimjs F ?9==1 y bjs nlmrltjs bldisbktivjs ;519, ;58> y

;5?5??.

Bk Ksjmikmif Iftlrtfimk nl Nlskrrjbbj nl bk ]lbvk Ulrukfk (KINL]LU), bk

Mjfhlnlrkmif nl Fkmijfkbinknls K`kzfimks nlb Ulr (MJFKU) y

Jrdkfizkmijfls ifndlfks nl bk K`kzjfik nl`kfnkf bk nlrjdktjrik nl bjs

Nlmrltjs Bldisbktivjs F 99>, 99


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.;. DLFL_KBINKNL].

Lb kbtsi`j fivlb qul kmtukb`lftl ak kbmkfzknj bk prjnummif dbjokb, rlquilrl

nl drkfnls mkftinknls nl `ktlrik pri`k, rlmursjs fkturkbls, sjorl tjnj

rlmursjs anrimjs. Urifmipkb`lftl bjs pksls ifnustrikbizknjs y bk prlslfmik nl

bks drkfnls l`prlsks trkfsfkmijfkbls mjf ufk prjnummif mkpitkbistk

suplrbktivk, niridlf su prljmupkmif k ksldurkrsl nl `ktlriks pri`ks y

rlmursjs7 lstl fivlb nl prjnummif kbmkfzknj fj pulnl pkrkr, lbbj jobidk k bk

knjpmif nl pjbtimks qul ousqulf ksldurkr su rlprjnummif k fivlb ùfnikb.

Bjs jrdkfis`js iftlrfkmijfkbls prifmipkb`lftl lb OIN, H@I, O@, sjf

hifkfmiknjs pjr niflrjs prjvlfilftls nl bk prjnummif mkpitkbistk, lbbj kmtk

mj`j hkmtjr lmjfìmj nltlrìfkftl pkrk qul lstjs jrdkfis`js

iftlrfkmijfkbls, nlskrrjbblf y prjùlvkf `jnlbjs lmjfìmjs fljbiolrkbls,

(privktizkmijfls, lrmkftibizkmif, mjfmlsijfls, trktknjs nl biorl mj`lrmij, ltm.)

i`pbkftknks lf bjs pksls nlplfnilftls nl hifkfmikmif y mrnitj qul kbivil su

kajdknk lmjfj`k.

Lf bks bti`ks nmknks, bk privktizkmif sl ak inj nlskrrjbbkfnj mj`j pjbtimk

dbjokb7 ùmajs pksls mjf lb khf nl ifslrtkrsl mj`j pks kbiflknj, y pkrk

rlmioir mrnitjs iftlrfkmijfkbls qul kpkmidl sus dkstjs, akf rlhjr`knj su

lstrumturk lmjfìmk7 lf vkrijs pksls nl Bktifjk`rimk, sl sumlnilrjf jbks

privktizknjrks, njfnl lb lstknj nlckok su pkrtimipkmif lf bk lmjfj`k, lf`kfjs nl l`prlsks privknks7 sl knjptkrjf sistl`ks curnimjs tlfnilftls k

i`pbl`lftkr bk ifvlrsif privknk, sl rl`kt bks l`prlsks fkmijfkbls, sl

privktizkrjf bjs slrvimijs pobimjs qul orifnkok lb lstknj mj`j bk lnumkmif, lb

slmtjr mjùfimkmijfls, trkfspjrtls, buz, kduk, ltm.

Lf lb Ulr bk jbk privktizknjrk, sl i`pbl`lft prifmipkb`lftl lf bk nmknk nl

;995 nurkftl lb djoilrfj nlb lx prlsinlftl Kbolrtj Huci`jri7 bks privktizkmijfls,

sl mjfstituylrjf lf uf lbl`lftj mlftrkb pkrk bk lstkoibizkmif y mrlmiìlftjsjstlfinj nl bk lmjfj`k sjorl bk oksl nl bk ifvlrsif privknk7 lf lb `krmj nlb

mjfslfsj nl Tksaifdtjf, qul pjsioibitkrk kmmlnlr fulvk`lftl k bjs

`lrmknjs iftlrfkmijfkbls nl mrnitj, mlrrknjs k bk `kyjrk nl bjs pksls nl bk

rldif nlsnl bjs 15?=7 sl ifimikrjf bjs prjmlsjs nl privktizkmif nl bks

?=_\IS MK_J Krilbk7 ?5547 Bks privktizkmijfls lf Ulr3 uf prjmlsj mjf bumls y sjòrks7 Bi`k7 rlvistk


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Lstk jbk privktizknjrk tkòif kbmkfzj k bjs rlmursjs fkturkbls, lf bk

mjfstitumif nl ;99= qulnk koilrtk bk pjsioibinkn nl jtjrdkr bjs rlmursjs

fkturkbls k bjs privknjs okcj bk `jnkbinkn nl mjfmlsif, lbbj sl lxtilfnl k bjsrlmursjs anrimjs7 lb djoilrfj nl Huci`jri, prjùbdj vkriks blyls mjf lb

prjpsitj nl prj`jvlr bk ifvlrsif privknk lf kduk pjtkobl y kbmkftkribbknj, ks

pjr lcl`pbj sl prjùbdj lb nlmrltj bldisbktivj F894 Bly nl Urj`jmif nl bk

Ifvlrsif Urivknk, qul blvkftkok bjs jostmubjs pkrk bk pkrtimipkmif nlb slmtjr

privknj lf lb kduk, sjbj sl rlqulrk bk kutjrizkmif nlb djoilrfj ùfimipkb?.?. MJFMLU^\KBISKMIF.

Bk privktizkmif ls uf hlf`lfj nl `btipbls ni`lfsijfls, sl pbks`kprifmipkb`lftl lf lb pbkfj lmjfìmj, pjbtimj y curnimj7 sl mkrkmtlrizk pjr

prjplfnlr k lrrknimkr bk prlslfmik nlb lstknj lf bk kmtivinkn lmjfìmk7 bks

kmtivinknls l`prlskrikbls sjf trkfshlrinks nlb slmtjr pobimj kb slmtjr privknj,

nlckfnj qul slk lb `lrmknj lb lftl qul rldubl, prjnuzmk, nistriouyk bk riqulzk,

y ksidfl vkbjr k bks mjsks y kb kduk7 bks privktizkmijfls sjf ksldurknks pjr

nlrlmajs rlkbls k hkvjr nlb titubkr, k trkvs nl nistiftks hidurks curnimks mj`j bk

prjpilnkn, njìfij, pjslsif, mjfmlsif, knìfistrkmif, bimlfmiks,

kutjrizkmijfls, plrìsjs, ltm., pkrk lbbj bk bldisbkmif culdk uf pkplbi`pjrtkftsi`j. Bks privktizkmijfls kb jtjrdkr nlrlmajs rlkbls sjorl kbdf

oilf, pktri`jfikbizkf bks mjsks, ls nlmir bls jtjrdk uf vkbjr niflrkrij, y mjf lbbj

bks mjsks nlckf nl slrbj pkrk mjfvlrtirsl lf `lrmkfmks, hkmtiobls nl

iftlrmkòij, trhimj, lsplmubkmif, kmkpkrkìlftj, ltm. sl silòrk lb dlr`lf

`lrmkftib, lb `lrmknj nl mjsks, lb `lrmknj nl kduks. ]jorl bk oksl nl lstl

rdi`lf lmjfìmj privktizknjr, sl mjfstruyl uf sistl`k curnimj privktizknjr

mjf fjr`ks, prifmipijs curnimjs, njmtrifks, kmjrnls k bk fulvk oksl

lmjfìmk, dlflrkb`lftl sif mjrrlspjfnlfmik mjf bk rlkbinkn bjmkb.

F\LXK ]JMILNKN7 Fj ?547 pd. ?.

?>^J_L_J @xi`j, UK]MJ-HJF^ Kbolrtj7 ?5557 I`pkmtj sjmikb nl bk privktizkmif lf lb Ulr y nl bk

_ldubkmif nl bjs slrvimijs Uobimjs lf lb Ulr7 ; lnim7 Bi`k7 D_KNL7 Ud. 4.

?


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.=. LB HLF@LFJ NL BK U_IXK ISKMIF ]L HJ_^KBLML

@\FNIKB@LF^L.

Bk jbk privktizknjrk ifimiknk lf bks nmknks nlb 85 kb 15, ak kbmkfzknj uf fivlb

suplrbktivj tkftj ls ks qul lf lb kj nl ;99> bks vlftks nl bjs kmtivjs

pobimjs lstktkbls kbmkfzkrjf kprjxi`knk`lftl k ufjs 85 ìb ìbbjfls nl

nbkrls7 lf Lurjpk pksls mj`j Hrkfmik, akf privktizknj mlrmk nl ?;

l`prlsks, lf Ifdbktlrrk bk ifnustrik nlb mkrof ak sinj trkspksknk k kdlftls

lmjfìmjs privknjs7 lf Kbl`kfik sl prlpkrk bk vlftk nl bk l`prlsk lstktkb

nl tlbhjfjs Nlutsmal ^lblgj`, lf Lspkk sl mjftifuk mjf bk vlftk lxitjsk nl

bk l`prlsks lstktkbls Lfnlsk nlb ruorj lblmtriminkn7 lf lb mjftiflftl ksitimj,

lb pkfjrk`k ls siìbkr, Ukgistf lst privktizkfnj sus l`prlsks lbmtrimks, bk

Ifnik lst pkskfnj pjr ufk rllstrumturkmif lmjfìmk lf bk qul sl nlstkmk bkprivktizkmif nl bk l`prlsks pobimks mj`j bk tlblhfimk, lf hrimk pksls mj`j

@krrulmjs, Mk`lrf, Ldiptj, ^flz y Dakfk sl lfmulftrkf nlskrrjbbkfnj

prjdrk`ks nl privktizkmif qul ifmbuylf bflks krlks, ìfks,

tlblmjùfimkmijfls, turis`j y jtrjs slrvimijs7 lf bjs Lstknjs \finjs bk

privktizkmif sl vilfl iftlfsihimkfnj lf mknk ufj nl sus lstknjs7 kajrk bks

l`prlsks privknks mjftrjbkf vkrijs slrvimijs akstk lb mjftrjb nlb trhimj,

dukrnlrks, prjdrk`ks pkrk bjs ìfusvbinjs, ltm.7 lf K`rimk Bktifk lb

pkfjrk`k fj ls kclfj.

Bks privktizkmijfls sidulf nlskrrjbbfnjsl y lxtlfnifnjsl k oilfls

trksmlfnlftkbls pkrk bk vink mj`j bjs rlmursjs anrimjs, bks pjbtimks

lmjfìmks ùfnikbls prjùlvlf koilrtk`lftl bk privktizkmif nl bjs

rlmursjs fkturkbls, bks bldisbkmijfls nl bjs pksls, lstf rllstrumturfnjsl k

ifstru`lftkbizkr bks privktizkmif nlb kduk, sif lòkrdj plsl k lstl dirj, lb

kduk sl rlsistl k su privktizkmif7 kmtukb`lftl sbj lb


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.>. U_IXKÎSKMIF NLB KD\K Y ]\ I@UKM^J ]JMIJLMJF@IMJ.

Ulsl k bk rlsistlfmik nl bjs usukrijs nl kduk hrlftl k bk privktizkmif nl bjs

rlmursjs anrimjs7 lf bk kmtukbinkn lxistlf fu`lrjsjs pksls njfnl sl ak

bjdrknj i`pbl`lftkr lstk pjbtimk nl Dlstif Iftldrkb nl _lmursjs Anrimjs, lf

lstjs pksls lstks pjbtimks privktizknjrks, akf i`pkmtknj prifmipkb`lftl lf bk

ni`lfsif lmjfìmk y sjmikb jridifkfnj mjfslmulfmiks qul fjs slrvirf pkrk

bk ifvlstidkmif.

Lf bjs Lstknjs \finjs pks okbukrtl lf mukftj k pjbtimks privktizknjrks, bk

privktizkmif nlb kduk, trkcj mjfsidj rpink`lftl lb ifmrl`lftj nl bk tkrihk pjr

mjfsu`j, y bk mknk nl bk skbuorinkn7 lf vkriks miunknls, lftrl bjs kjs nl

;99= y ;99>, ìbbjfls nl fjrtlk`lrimkfjs akf lstknj mjfsuìlfnj kduk

mjftkìfknk mjf plstiminks, pbj`j, prjnumtjs mbjrknjs, l ifmbusj mjf

prlslfmik nl mjbihjr`ls hlmkbls.

Lf Ifdbktlrrk7 bks pjbtimks privktizknjrks i`pbl`lftknks lftrl ;995 y ;99>,

pjsioibitkrjf lb ifmrl`lftj nl bk tkrihk nl kduk lf ufk


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rpink`lftl lb djoilrfj kmmijfj lb kpkrktj rlprlsjr jridiffnjsl

lfhrlftkìlftjs vijblftjs mjf lb lcrmitj?4.

Lf Maibl, lb i`pkmtj lmjfìmj nl bk privktizkmif nlb kduk, ak pjsioibitknj bk

kpkrimif nlb `jfjpjbij nlb kduk pjr l`prlsks ìflrks l ainrjlbmtrimks,

khlmtfnjsl bjs nlrlmajs ifndlfks7 lf ùmajs mksjs kslftkìlftjsmj`pbltjs, qul kftls tlfkf uf kmmlsj fkturkb y uf usj trknimijfkb nlb rlmursj,

nlolf lf bk kmtukbinkn mjfhjr`krsl mjf uf kmmlsj rlstrifdinj y turfjs

irrldubkrls. \fk nl bks mjfslmulfmiks nirlmtks ls bk rpink nlslrtihimkmif y

skbifizkmif nl bjs sulbjs7 ufk ifnirlmtk ls lb mjftifuj kokfnjfj nlb mubtivj y bk

lìdrkmif akmik bks zjfks ìflrks y miunknls mjstlks?17 hrlftl k lstl almaj

lb i`pkmtj sjmikb sl trknuml lf bk bumak qul biorkf bks mjùfinknls pjr

rlivifnimkr sus nlrlmajs kb kduk, k bk vink, k sus tlrritjrijs y trknimijfls, lf

bumaks qul sl pbks`kf lf ni`lfsijfls pjbtimks y bldkbls.?9

Lf ]unhrimk lb pkfjrk`k ls `s nlskblftknjr, bks l`prlsks privknks qul

prlstkf bjs slrvimijs nl kduk lblvkrjf bk tkrihk pjr su usj lf uf =55%, lb

ifmrl`lftj nlb mjstj nl kduk aizj qul lstl sl vulbvk ifkmmlsiobl pkrk bk

`kyjrk nl sunkhrimkfjs qul fj tilflf rlmursjs lmjfìmjs pkrk pkdkrbk, ks

qul tuvilrjf qul utibizkr lb kduk nl rikmaulbjs mjftkìfknjs, mkuskfnj

ifnirlmtk`lftl bk kpkrimif nl ufk lpinlìk nl mblrk, lf lflrj nlb ?55?, lstk

lpinlìk ifhlmtj ?%.

Bjs ksplmtjs `s dlflrkbls nl tjnjs lstjs pksls lf njfnl sl bblv k mkoj

prjmlsjs nl privktizkmif nlb kduk7 sl tilflf mj`j lbl`lftjs mjùfls bk

prlslfmik nl bjs jrdkfis`js iftlrfkmijfkbls mj`j i`pubsjrls nl lstks?4 \_^LKDK Uktrimik, OJLBLF] _utdlrn7 ?5587 Nlrlmajs Mjblmtivjs y Ujbtimks Anrimks lf bk _ldifKfnifk7 Bi`k7 ILU7 pd.;14.

?1OJLBLF] _utdlrn, DL^MAL] Nkvin, D\LXK_K DIB Kr`kfnj7 ?5587 Kduk y Nlrlmaj Ujbtimks Anrimks,Nlrlmajs Mjfsultunifkrijs l Inlftinknls Bjmkbls7 Bi`k7 ILU,7 pd. ;


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pjbtimks privktistks, lbbj kmj`pkknj mjf bk rllstrumturkmif k fivlb nl bk

bldisbkmif bjmkb, lf lb ksplmtj lmjf`imj lstjs pksls lxplri`lftkrjf lb

ifmrl`lftj nl bk tkrihk nlb kduk, bk kpkrimif nlb `lrmknj nl kduks, lb

`jfjpjbij nl kduks. Lf lb ksplmtj sjmikb bks pjbtimks privktistks nl rlmursjs

anrimjs prjnuclrjf lb rlmakzj, `kfihlstknj lf nivlrsks bumaks sjmikbls,

prjtlstks, ltm., lf mjftrk nl bk jbk privktizknjrk.

;.>.


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Bk privktizkmif mj`j uf hlf`lfj lmjfìmj sjmikb mj`pblcsi`j, sl

`kfihilstk nl nistiftks hjr`ks, hidurks l ifstitumijfls curnimks, lftrl lbbks.

;.>.8.;. U_IXK ISKMIF NL ^L__I^J_IJ] Y OIJ_LDIJFL].

Bks l`prlsks trkfsfkmijfkbls, pkrk ksldurkrsl lb usj `jfjpbimj nl drkfnls

mkftinknls nl kduk, knquilrlf bk prjpilnkn y nl`s nlrlmajs sjorl bjs

tlrritjrijs y oijrldijfls lftlrks, prjtldinks pjr mkòijs y rllstrumturkmijfls

lf bks bldisbkmijfls bjmkbls.

;.>.8.?. U_IXKÎSKMIF UJ_ NL]XIKMIF NL KD\K].

Mjfsistl lf trksbknkr bks kduks nl su mkuml fkturkb, `lnikftl bk mjfstrummif

nl prjylmtjs nl ifhrklstrumturk ainrubimk, pkrk lb mjfsu`j ifnustrikb,

kdrjifnustrikb, urokfj7 lf su lclmumif y hufmijfkìlftj privk nl rlmursjsanrimjs k ìbbjfls nl plrsjfks, mk`plsifjs y pulobjs ifndlfks, nlstruylfnj

sus hjr`ks nl vink, usjs y mjstuòrls prjpiks.

;.>.8.=. U_IXKÎSKMIF UJ_ MJF^K@IFKMIF.

Mjfsistl lf bk mjftkìfkmif jridifknk pjr bks ifnustriks ìflrks, pltrjblrks,

pkplblrks, lbmtrimks, kdrimubturk ifnustrikb, ltm., nl bks hulftls nl kduk7 kb lstkr

mjftkìfknks bks kduks, qulnkf i`pjsioibitknks pkrk qul jtrjs pulnkf uskrbk,

nl lstk `kflrk, vulbvlf akmlr lxpbjtknks pjr bk drkf ifnustrik.

;.>.8.>. U_IXK ISKMIF NL BJ] ]L_XIMIJ] @\FIMIUKBL] NL KD\K

LF SJFK] \_OKFK].

K trkvs nl mjfmlsijfls, kutjrizkmijfls, bimlfmiks nl usjs, plrìsjs, ltm., y

mjftrktjs nl slrvimijs `btipbls, prjtldinks pjr fulvks bldisbkmijfls fkmijfkbls

qul jtjrdkf sldurinkn curnimk, bks l`prlsks trkfsfkmijfkbls sl kprjpikf nl

bks rlnls nl nistrioumif y pbkftks purihimknjrks, hickfnj bks mjfnimijfls nl su

kmmlsj y tkrihks k bk pjobkmif. Bj qul kftls lrk uf rlmursj pobimj vitkb y nl

tjnjs, kajrk ls ufk `lrmkfmk k bk qul kmmlnlrf sjbj bjs qul pulnkf pkdkr

pjr lbbk. Bks trkfsfkmijfkbls nlb kduk sjf ]ulz y Xivlfni (kajrk Xljbik), qul

mjftrjbkf 45 pjr milftj nlb `lrmknj ùfnikb, slduinjs pjr _TL-âk`ls,

Oltmalb.


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;.>.8..8.8. @JFJUJBIJ NL BK] LMFJBJDK].

Kb ìs`j til`pj qul bks ifnustriks nlspibhkrrkf y mjftkìfkf lb kduk nubml nl

tjnjs, sl prlslftkf mj`j bks fimks mkpkmls nl lxtrklr lb kduk `s prjhufnk

(tlmfjbjdk qul yk uskf bks pltrjblrks), j nl purihimkrbk knlmuknk`lftl, yk qul

bk mj`pblcinkn nl hkmtjrls nl mjftkìfkmif ku`lftk pjr sus prjpiks

kmtivinknls (ifnustrikb, oijbdimk, skbifizkmif nl kmuhlrjs). K trkvs nl mjftrjb

`jfjpbimj nl `lrmknjs y pktlftls nl tlmfjbjdk, bjs nlstrumtjrls nlb rlmursj

sl prlslftkf mj`j bjs skbvknjrls, k bjs mukbls tjnjs tlfl`js qul pkdkr.

;.>.8.4. @KFIHL]^KMIJFL] NL BK U_IXK ISKMIF LF BK BLY NL

_LM\_]J] AN_IMJ] F?9==1.

Bk privktizkmif sl ak mjfvlrtinj lf uf hlf`lfj qul sl nlskrrjbbk k lsmkbk

ùfnikb, ajy lf nk ak kbmkfzknj k bjs rlmursjs fkturkbls ifmbusivl kb `s

i`pjrtkftl lb kduk.

Lf lb Ulr lb ifstru`lftj curnimj nl bk privktizkmif nlb kduk, ls bk Bly nl

_lmursjs Anrimjs vidlftl nlsnl lb =5 nl `krzj nlb ?559, lf tljrk lstk

fjr`k curnimk rlmjfjml k trkvs nl su krtmubj njs, qul lb kduk ls pktri`jfij

nl bk fkmif y qul lb njìfij sjorl lbbk ls ifkbilfkobl l i`prlsmriptiobl, nl

idukb `kflrk slkbk qul lb kduk ls uf oilf nl usj pobimj y su knìfistrkmif

sjbj pulnl slr jtjrdknk y lclrmink lf kr`jfk mjf lb oilf mj`f, bk prjtlmmif

kòilftkb y lb iftlrs nl bk fkmif, rlmjfjmilfnj qul fj aky prjpilnkn privknk

sjorl lb kduk.

Lb krtmubj kbuninj slkbk bk fj prjpilnkn privknk nlb kduk pjr bj tkftj, y sldf

ùmaks jpifijfls, fj lxistl tkb privktizkmif nlb kduk7 sif lòkrdj bjs

rlsubtknjs nl bk ifvlstidkmif nlùlstrkf qul bk bly, lf bk prmtimk ls uf


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ifstru`lftj kb slrvimij nlb hlf`lfj privktizknjr nlb kduk k trkvs nl bjs

siduilftls hufnk`lftjs3

Bk Bly nl _lmursjs Anrimjs hjr`k pkrtl nlb sistl`k iftlrfkmijfkb nl

Dlstif Iftldrkb nl _lmursjs Anrimjs (DI_A), pjbtimk iftlrfkmijfkb

prj`jvink pjr lb Okfmj @ufnikb.

Bk Bly nl _lmursjs Anrimjs, rlmjdl bjs biflkìlftjs hufnk`lftkbls nlb

sistl`k ufivlrskb nl Dlstif Iftldrkb nl _lmursjs Anrimjs7 mj`j bk

prlslfmik nl uf ttubj prlbiìfkr lf njfnl sl lblvk k mkbinkn nl

prifmipij, bk sldurinkn curnimk k hkvjr nl bk ifvlrsif privknk.

Bk Bly rlmjdl bitlrkb`lftl vkrijs krtmubjs nl bjs nlmrltjs bldisbktivjs

F;51; y F;51=7 fjr`ks qul hulrjf nlrjdknks pjr su mkrmtlr

privktizknjr nlb kduk.

Bk knìfistrkmif nlb kduk fj slr nl dlstif pobimk mjf

rlspjfskoibinkn sjmikb, ls nlmir, lb lstknj fj knìfistrkr lb usj nl bks

kduks7 pjr lb mjftrkrij, lb lstknj lftrldkrk bk knìfistrkmif nl kduks k

jplrknjrls privknjs qul ousmkf lb bumrj.

Bk ìs`k Bly k trkvs nl sus nispjsitivjs, pjsioibitk lb nlskrrjbbj nl bk

privktizkmif3

Lf lb ttubj prlbiìfkr, lb prifmipij mukrtj jtjrdk sldurinkn curnimk k bkifvlrsif privknk.

Lb krtimubj njs, rlmjfjml kb kduk mj`j pktri`jfij nl bk fkmif sif

lòkrdj njs bflks `s kokcj slkbk, qul su knìfistrkmif si pulnl

slr jtjrdknk (lf kr`jfk mjf lb lspritu nlb krtmubj 88 nl bk

Mjfstitumif Ujbtimk nl ;99= y bk Bly Jrdfimk pkrk lb Kprjvlmakìlftj

]jstlfiobl nl bjs _lmursjs Fkturkbls Bly ?81?;)7 ks ìs`j nlb krtmubj

lf `lfmif, sl ak quitknj uf mjftlfinj ùy i`pjrtkftl qul nlmk3 bk

knìfistrkmif nlb rlmursj anrimj slr sif hifls nl bumrj, pjsioibitkfnjbk kplrturk nl bk knìfistrkmif nlb kduk k mkpitkbls privknjs mjf hifls

nl bumrj.

Lb Krtmubj ;= nl bk Bly nl _lmursjs Anrimjs, rlmjfjml lb mu`pbiìlftj

nl bk lstrktldik fkmijfkb nl rlmursjs anrimjs, lstrktldik qul hul

hifkfmiknk mjf uf prstk`j nlb Okfmj @ufnikb, y qul khir`k qul bk


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89, jtjrdk prlhlrlfmik k bjs usukrijs nl

kduk qul dlflrlf lxmlnlftls pkrk qul pulnkf slduir jotlfilfnj

fulvjs nlrlmajs nl usj nl kduk7 lf tljrk bk fjr`k sulfk pjsitivk,

plrj lf bk prmtimk plr`itir lb kmkpkrk`ilftj nl nlrlmajs lf `kfjs nl

bjs qul tilflf pjsioibinkn, pkrk utibizkr bk tlmfjbjdk knlmuknk y dlflrkr

lxmlnlftls nl kduk, qul sldurk`lftl fj slrf bjs mk`plsifjs pjorls

sifj bjs mkpitkbls trkfsfkmijfkbls. Lb krt. ;5


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?.;. XL_ ILF^L] AIN_JD_HIMK] LF LB UL_.

Lb Ulr ls uf pks privibldiknj, ls sus ; ?1< ?;8 g`? kbolrdk ufk nivlrsinkn

nl zjfks nl vink, nl bk ;5= lxistlftls lf lb ùfnj 1> sl lfmulftrk lf lb

tlrritjrij plrukfj. Lb Ulr tilfl uf pjtlfmikb nl kduk nubml nl ? ìb oibbjfls nl

`= qul hbuylf pjr bjs ;554 rjs qul sl jridifkf lf bk mjrnibblrk nl bjs kfnls y

sl lfmulftrkf lf bks trls vlrtilftls ainrjdrhimks mj`j sjf3

Xlrtilftl _js _js prifmipkbls

Ukmihimj =1;

îtimkmk 8? ;?

^jtkb ;,554

Ujrtkb Kdrkrij @IFKD, ?55>. Ainrj`ltlrljbjdk, ainrjbjdk.M\KN_J F5;.

Hulftl3 Nikdfjstimj nl bjs _lmursjs Anrimjs nl bk _ldif Musmj ?5;;7

DJOIL_FJ _LDIJFKB NLB M\]MJ7 Ukd.;>.

?.;.;. \FINKNL] NL M\LFMK LF LB UL_.

Bk mulfmk ls uf lspkmij tlrritjrikb muyks kduks mjfhbuylf lf uf ìs`j rij pkrk

nlslòjmkr lf lb `kr, lf uf bkdj, j lf uf rij drkfnl7 nurkftl bk lxtlfsif nl

bks mulfmks iftlrkmtkf ksplmtjs hsimjs mjùfls mj`j lb kduk, sulbjs, kirl,mbi`k y ìflrkbls7 oijbdimjs mj`j bk hbjrk y hkufk7 kftrjpjbdimjs mj`j

`kfihlstkmijfls mubturkbls, sjmikbls, lmjfìmks, ifstitumijfkbls7 lf lstl

lftlfnlr lb Ulr tilfl ; kutjrinknls knìfistrktivks nlb kduk lf lb Ulr, mj`j

sl nltkbbk k mjftifukmif3

I. Bi`k Jmjk.

II. makpkrrk Maifmak.III. Mkltl Hjrtkblzk.

IX. Aukr`ly - Maimk`k.

X. Clqultlplqul Skruìbbk.

XI. Kbtj @krkf.

XII. K`kzjfks.


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84

XIII. Aukbbkdk.

IQ. \mkykbi.

Q. @kftkrj.

QI. Uk`pks Kpur`km.

QII. \ruokòk Xibmkfjtk

QIII. @knrl nl Nijs.

QIX. îtimkmk.

?.;.?. \FINKNL] AIN_JD_HIMK] NL BK _LDIF M\]MJ.

Lf bk _ldif Musmj lxistlf trls ufinknls ainrjdrhimks, su nlbiìtkmif jhimikb

nl kmulrnj k bk Bly nl _lmursjs Anrimjs, mj`prlfnl bks kdrupkmijfls

ainrjdrhimks QI Uk`pks Kpur`km, QII \ruokòk y QIII @knrl nl Nijs.

Bk kdrupkmif QI Uk`pks-Kpur`km, mj`prlfnl lb rj Kpur`km nlsnl

]uymutkòj (Lspifkr) akstk bk mjfhbulfmik mjf lb rj Uk`pks (Bk Mjfvlfmif)7

Bk kdrupkmif QII mj`prlfnl lb rj Xibmkfjtk-\ruokòk nlsnl bk _kyk

(Mkfmais) akstk ]lpkauk (Bk Mjfvlfmif)7 Bk kdrupkmif QIII mj`prlfnl bjs

rjs Krkzk y Uibbmjpktk trioutkrijs nlb rj @knrl nl Nijs.

F`lrj Kutjrinknls Knìfistrktivks nl Kduk,_ldif Musmj.

QI Uk`pks-Kpur`km

QII \ruokòk

QIII @knrl nl NijsM\KN_J F5?.

Hulftl3 Nikdfjstimj nl bjs _lmursjs Anrimjs nl bk _ldif Musmj ?5;;7 DJOIL_FJ

_LDIJFKB NLB M\]MJ7 Ukd.;4.

?.;.=. UJ^LFMIKB AN_IMJ LF BK _LDIF M\]MJ.

Bjs lstunij tmfimjs rlkbizknjs kb rlsplmtj, lvinlfmikf qul bjs mkunkbls

`lnijs kfukbls nl bks mulfmks \ruokòk y Kpur`km, sjf nl ?,;9; y ;;>4

`=/sld. rlsplmtivk`lftl7 ìlftrks qul bks mulfmks Uibbmjpktk y Krkz mulftkf

mjf uf mkunkb `lnij kfukb nl 84 y =5? `=/sld.7 lb siduilftl muknrj prlslftk

bk jhlrtk anrimk pjtlfmikb lf ìbbjfls nl `=, pjr mulfmks.

Mulfmks Mkunkb @lnij Kfukb (`=/])

Xjbu`lf jtkb Ujtlfmikb(``=)


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\_\OK@OK ?,;9; 89,59<

KU\_@KM ;,;>4 =8,;4?

UIBBMJUK^K 84 ?,;;=

K_KSK =5? 9,

^J^KB ;;8,95>

Ifvlftkrij nl rlmursjs Anrimjs. Urjylmmif kb ?559 lf oksl kb MlfsjUjobkmif ?5547 @IFKD.M\KN_J F5=.

Hulftl3 Nikdfjstimj nl bjs _lmursjs Anrimjs nl bk _ldif Musmj ?5;;7

DJOIL_FJ _LDIJFKB NLB M\]MJ7 Ud.;9.

?.;.>. \]J] NLB KD\K LF BK _LDIF M\]MJ.?.;.>.;. \]J UJOBKMIJFKB.

Lf bk rldif nlb Musmj, lb usj pjobkmijfkb nlb kduk pkrk bjs slmtjrls urokfjs

mj`j pkrk bjs rurkbls ls kokstlminj prifmipkb`lftl pjr kduks suplrhimikbls y

`kfkftikbls7 bk nl`kfnk nl kduk ls nltlr`ifknk pjr bk mkftinkn nl

akoitkftls, mj`j sl kprlmik lf lb muknrj3

NL@KFNK NL KD\K \_

LEY DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS Y SU IMPACTO SOCIOECONÓMICO EN EL DISTRITO DE SAN JERÓNIMO

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