Leveraging Reuse-related Maturity Issues for Achieving Higher Maturity & Capability Levels

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Knowledge Leveraging Reuse-related Maturity Issues for Achieving Higher Maturity & Capability Levels

ICSR 2013 - 13° Int. Conference on Software Reuse

Pisa (Italy), 18-20 June 2013

Luigi BuglioneBuglione

Giuseppe LamiLami

Christiane Gresse von WangenheimGresse von Wangenheim

Fergal McCafferyMcCaffery

Jean C.R. HauckHauck

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Engineering At a glance

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ISTI-CNR At a glance

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DKIT At a glance

Dundalk Institute of Technology is a 90 acre campus situated between Dublin and Belfast (each approximately 50 miles away).

The Institute consists of 4 Schools:

1. Business & Humanities2. Informatics & Creative Arts3. Engineering4. Health & ScienceThe Regulated Software Research Group which is

part of LERO (the Irish Software Engineering Research Centre) is part of the School of Informatics & Creative Media

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UFSC At a glance

Federal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolis/Brazil [http://www.ufsc.br]

• 48 Master courses• 38 PhD courses• 62 Undergraduate courses• EUR 268 million annual budget • 25,737 Undergraduate students• 8,543 Graduate students• 34,280 Students

INCoD is to be a reference institute for excellence in research, validation and dissemination to support digital convergence. [http://www.incod.ufsc.br]

The Software Quality Group focuses on scientific research, development and transfer of SE models, methods and tools. [http://www.gqs.ufsc.br]

[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6E1Z5DEuvk]

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www.eng.it6 ICSR 2013 - Pisa, June 19, 2013

© 2013 Buglione, Lami, Gresse, McCaffery, Hauck Rossa

Reuse Maturity Goals of the presentation

G1. Present some info about Reuse best practices and models G2. Using the LEGO approach to the Reuse domain G3. Show a practical LEGO usage about Reuse for leveraging an organizational Business Process Model (BPM)



Agenda

• Introduction– Some common forms of reuse…

• MCMs (Maturity & Capability Models) – Representations & Dimensions– Why do we need choosing a MCM?– Coverage and classification of MCMs

• MCMs & Reuse in Horizontal MCMs (H-MCMs)– CMMI-DEV and ISO/IEC 15504– Other Sources

• LEGO and Reuse– The LEGO approach– Applying LEGO to Reuse - Elements of Interest (EoI)– Suggested Improvements

• Conclusions & Prospects• Q & A

Reuse Maturity



Some common forms for Reuse...Introduction



...also in Estimation...Introduction

• Source: PMI’s PMBOK 4, Chapter 6.3 • Source: www.dilbert.com

http://www.dilbert.com/



Some (important) questions... MCMs

Which definition of reuse do you appy?

Is it yours a functional or technical reuse?

Have you a Reuse repository? Are you planning to have a QIP-like experience?

How much are you mature about Reuse practices?



Agenda






Reuse Maturity



Why do we need choosing a MCMs?MCMs



Representations - StagedMCMs

• ML: 5• PA: 24• N.min PA : ML1 (0)• N.max PA : ML3 (13)

ML Focus Id. PA Title

5 Optimizing OPM Organizational Performance Management

CAR Causal Analysis & Resolution

4 Predictable OPP Organizational Process Performance

QPM Quantitative Project Management

3 Defined RD Requirement Development

TS Technical Solution

PI Product Integration

VAL Validation

VER Verification

OPD Organizational Process Definition

OPF Organizational Process Focus

OT Organizational Training

IPM Integrated Project Management

RSKM Risk Management

DAR Decision Analysis & Resolution

2 Managed REQM Requirement Management

PP Project Planning

PMC Project Monitoring & Control

SAM Supplier Agreement Management

MA Measurement & Analysis

PPQA Process & Product Quality Assurance



Representations - ContinuousMCMs

• PA categories: 4• PA: 24 22• N.min PA per Category : Process Management (5)• N.max PA per Category: Project Management (7)

Process Categories

Maturity LevelsProcess

ManagementProject

ManagementEngineering Support

Optimizing OPM CAR

Predictable OPP QPM

Defined OPF

OPD

OT

IPM

RKSM

RD

TS

PI

VER

VAL

DAR

Managed PP

PMC

SAM

REQM CM

MA

PPQA

Initial Ad-hoc processes



Representations – Continuous (example)MCMs

Special cause (GP.2.2 @ OT)

Common cause (GP.2.9 @ +PA)

• SourceSource: http://goo.gl/i6IvI

http://goo.gl/i6IvI



MCMs Classifying MCMs by Dimension

• HorizontalHorizontal: MMs going through the whole supply chain SwEng: ISO/IEC 15504 (SPICE), CMMI, FAA i-CMM, …

• VerticalVertical: MMs focusing on a single perspective/group of processes Test Mgmt: TMM, TPI, … Project Mgmt: PM-MM, OPM3, … Requirement Mgmt: ....

• DiagonalDiagonal: MMs focused on Organizational/Support processes People CMM, TSP, PSP, … S

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Agenda






Reuse Maturity



CMMI-DEV and ISO 15504 - Reuse ref’sMCMs and Reuse

Model CMMI-DEV ISO/IEC 15504-12207Domain Sw-SE Sw-SE

PRM (source) CMMI-DEV v1.3 ISO/IEC 12207

PRM (# Processes) 22 47

Process Categories 4 (Engineering, Process, Project, Support)

9 (Primary: Acquisition, Supply, Operation, Engineering; Organizational: Management, Reuse, Resource & Infrastructure, Process

Improvement Management; Support: Supporting)

Reuse-related process(es)

None (reuse practices are partly dealt with)

3 (REU.1 – Domain Engineering; REU.2 – Reuse Asset Management; REU.3 – Reuse Program

Management)

PAM ext. Appraisals SCAMPI v1.3 ISO/IEC 15504-2

ISO/IEC 15504-5

PAM reuse-related issues

TS-SP.2.1 (Develop Alternative Solutons and Selection Criteria)

TS-SP2.4 (Perform Make, Buy or Reuse Analysis)

26 REU.1, REU.2, REU.3 related BPs



MCMs and Reuse

Model/ Framework Repr. Type ML (#) Architect-Type Comments/Notes

RCMM (Reuse CMM) Staged 5 [1-5] Level-based ---

Management tool Staged 6 [0-5] Level-based Series of typical agile reqs verified + 14 BTOPP elements for reusing factors

REBOOT approach (and Reuse Maturity Model)

Continuous --- --- 23 Key process areas in 5 process categories

RMM (Reuse Maturity Model)

Staged 5 [1-5] Matrix-based 5 MLs, 10 key reuse drivers

3RMM Staged 5 [1-5] Level-based Several scalability factors and reuse variables

RCM (Reuse Capability Model)

Staged 4 [1-4] Level-based 4 Critical Success Factor Classes for reuse capability improvement provided

RMM (Reuse Maturity Model)

Staged 6 [1-6] Level-based Suggestions for integrating reuse practices within the (old) Sw-CMM

Lim’s model Staged 5 [1-5] Matrix -based 10 factors of influence (drivers)

RiSE Maturity Model Staged 5 [1-5] Matrix-based Macro-goals for each level; 10 Factors of influence (organizational; business, technological; process)

Choosing Reuse MCMs - Results



Agenda






Reuse Maturity



LEGO and Reuse The LEGO Approach

1. MCM Repository 2. Process Architecture

4. Appraisal Method3. Mappings & Comparisons

1. Identify goals

2. Query the

MCM repository

3. Include new elements

4. Adapt & Adopt

Source: Buglione L., Gresse von Wangenheim C., Hauck J.C.R., Mc Caffery F., The LEGO Maturity & Capability Model Approach, Proceedings of 5WCSQ, 5th World Congress on Software Quality, Shanghai (China), Oct 31- Nov 4 2011



Applying LEGO to ReuseExperiencing LEGO...

Here the four LEGO steps and related activities and outcomes: 1.1. Identify Goals Identify Goals

Improve the estimation capability and results by a refinement in the overall management of requirements (business, technical)

Assumed the target BPM (Business Process Model) to improve is generically the ISO/IEC 15504 REU.x process group

1.1. Query the MCM repository Query the MCM repository Considered REU.x as the summation of all REU processes Filtered the list of available Reuse-based MCMs from the MCM repository Next table (EoI – Element of Interest) is a filter of the elements by each of the Reuse MCMs

considered

1.1. Include new elements into the target BPMInclude new elements into the target BPM Next table (Suggested Improvements) lists the possible EoI matched with the requested MCMs

(both SPs and GPs)

1.1. Adapt & AdoptAdapt & Adopt Map each practice of the improved process to the related internal QMS process(es) Validate the mapping results before using it in the daily activities



Step 2 - EoI: Elements of Interest (11/2)

Model/ Framework Elements of Interest (EoI)Management Tool • The study considers a series of characteristics typical to the Agile

Development/Management domain• It considers also from a continuous perspective a Level 0 for ‘no reuse’• It considers 15 reuse factors linked to the maturity levels by categories (business; domain; organizational; process; people; technology)• Appendix G presents a mapping between the 15 factors and CMMI-DEV process areas (w/strength)• Appendix H presents a summary of the 15 factors scaled by maturity level (suggestion)

REBOOT Reuse Maturity Model

• Deal with organizational and technical aspects of reuse• 23 Key process areas in 5 categories (organization; Project Management; Dev. Process; Library; Metrics)

RMM •10 key drivers considered, using a matrix-based representation/approach• Particularly stressed the people/organization drivers, as well as the legal/contractual issues• To be inserted into a level-based structure

LEGO and Reuse



Step 2 - EoI: Elements of Interest (22/2)

Model/ Framework Elements of Interest (EoI) 3RMM • Information on Environments (Repository, Software, Information) +

Administrative Management

RCM • 21 Critical Success Factors corresponding to issues most critical to improving reuse capability• Intended for self-assessment and planning purposes

Lim’s model • Particular attention to the following factorsMotivation/culture; planning for reuse; metrics; legal issues; reuse inventory (assets)

RiSE Maturity Model • Representation of the influence factors using a matrix-based view, retrieving also from past experiences and models• Particular interest for the following factors:

Organization (Software reuse education, Rewards and Incentives; Independent team)Business (Product family approach)Technology (Repository system usage)Processes (Quality Models, Measurement, Origin of the reused asset)

LEGO and Reuse



Step 3 - Suggestions for Improvement (11/2)

ISO/IEC 15504 REU.2REU.2 process Suggested Improvements

BP 01 - Define and document an asset management strategy

• People-related aspects, as necessary skills and experience, are to be addressed in the asset management strategy [Management Tool – Factor 2]

• The asset management strategy should consider and differentiate the aspects related to the asset development for reuse respect to those related to asset development with reuse [REBOOT]

BP02 - Establish a classification scheme for assets

• The integration between the asset classification scheme and the Configuration Management rules is to be addressed [Management Tool – Factor 10]

BP 03 - Define criteria for assets • Possible measurements, to be used as a basis for the definition of criteria for assessment, are to be identified and documented [RiSE MM – Process Factors; RCM]

• The determination of asset value should be the basis for the criteria definition [RCM]

BP04 - Establish the asset storage and retrieval mechanisms

• The technology support for storage and retrieval is to be defined [RiSE MM - Technological Factors]

BP 05 - Identify reusable assets. • The integration between the asset identification and the Configuration Management rules is to be defined [Management Tool – Factor 10]

BP06 - Accept reusable assets • The technological support for classification and record of assets as well as for their provision to the intended users is to be addressed [Management Tool – Factor 13; RiSE MM -Technological Factors]

• Assets integrability is an issues to be addressed [RCM]

BP 07 - Operate asset storage • The technological support for storage of assets is to be addressed [Management Tool – Factor 13; RiSE MM -Technological Factors]

BP08 - Record use of assets • -

BP 09 - Notify re-users of asset status • The notification should rely on established communication channels and an adequate organizational support [Management Tool – Factor 4 and 15]

BP10 - Retire assets • The technical aspects of the withdrawal from the repository are to be addressed [Management Tool – Factor 13]

LEGO and Reuse



Step 3 - Suggestions for Improvement (22/2)

ISO/IEC 15504 REU.3REU.3 process Suggested Improvements

BP 01 - Define organizational reuse strategy

• The top management support is to be explicitly given at organizational reuse strategy definition time [Management Tool – Factor 2]

• People-related aspects, as necessary skills and experience, are to be addressed in the reuse strategy [Management Tool – Factor 2]

• The organizational reuse strategy should consider and differentiate the aspects related to the asset development for reuse as respect to those related to asset development with reuse [REBOOT]

• The reuse organizational reuse strategy should indicate whether and at what extent the product Families approach is adopted [RiSE MM – Business Factors]

• The training and education initiatives and activities should be included within the reuse program items [RiSE MM – Business Factors]

BP 02 - Identify domains for potential reuse

• -

BP 03 - Assess reuse capability • The assessment of the reuse capability of the organization should include cost benefits analysis [Management Tool – Factor 6]

BP 04 - Assess domains for potential reuse

• A measurement scheme should be provided to support of the evaluation of the level of similarities among products in a certain domain [Management Tool MM – Factor 1]

BP 05 - Evaluate reuse proposals • A measurement scheme should be provided to support of the evaluation of suitability of reusable items [RiSE MM – Process Factors; RCM]

BP 06 - Implement the reuse program • ---

BP 07 - Collect and manage learning • Details on the way learning is stored in the repository are to be provided [Management Tool – Factor 13]

• The integration between the learning storage and the communication channels for spreading such a knowledge is to be addressed [Management Tool – Factor 4]

BP 08 - Get feedback from reuse • Communication tool support is to be addressed [Management Tool – Factor 15]

BP 09 - Monitor reuse • Monitoring is to be included in the reuse planning [Management Tool – Factor 5; RiSE MM – Organizational Factors]

LEGO and Reuse



Agenda






Reuse Maturity



• Software Reuse “Adopt and adapt” artifacts Art or science? Functional vs Technical Reuse

• Reuse as a process and not an activity Models and techniques assuming it’s a structured and planned process It’s a process to be properly organized across/within the whole SLC ...while often seen as a ‘technical’ activity not estimated in a clear way

• Starting models for observing best reuse practices MCMs = Maturity & Capability Models MCMs help an organization to progress slightly towards higher capability

levels ‘One size (model) doesn’t fits all’ study how to merge more models,

‘stealing’ the best practices for adapting them (reusing!) into our own BPM CMMI-DEV and ISO/IEC 15504 (aka SPICE) vs other Reuse models

Conclusions & ProspectsReuse Maturity



• ‘LEGO’ (Living EnGineering prOcess) approach http://slideshare.re/nssLR8 [5WCSQ, Shangai, Nov 2011] Choose and integrate the ‘pieces of the puzzle’ you need for your goals

the target is your QMS, not the model(s) you’re using• Applying LEGO to Reuse

CMMI-DEV doesn’t have specific reuse-PAs, while SPICE yes (REU.x) Particular attention could be devoted to REU.2 and REU.3, to be hybridized

with several Reuse-like MCMs, adding ‘bricks’ for reinforcing the initial process(es)

Several refinements about reuse scope and type, helping in reducing estimation errors from the initial identification of the amount of activities to work on and improving the communication among stakeholders towards a SCRUM-like partnership between client and provider

• Next Steps Apply the hybrid REU processes to real case studies as the initial meta-

model Still search other reuse-based MCMc for furtherly reinforce REU.x processes Look also to PAs (process attributes) and not only to BPs (Base Practices) ...why do not try?

Conclusions & ProspectsReuse Maturity

““Creativity is allowing yourself to make mistakes.Creativity is allowing yourself to make mistakes.Art is knowing which ones to keep.” Art is knowing which ones to keep.” (Scott Adams)

http://slideshare.re/nssLR8



Lessons learned...

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Reuse Maturity

http://www.dilbert.com/



Q && A

Grazie per la vostra attenzioneGrazie per la vostra attenzione!!

Reuse Maturity

Thanks for your attentionThanks for your attention!!



Our Contact DataReuse Maturity

Luigi Buglione

Engineering.IT/[email protected]

FergalMcCaffery

[email protected]

C. Gresse von Wangenheim

[email protected]

GiuseppeLami

ISTI/[email protected]

Jean Carlo R. HauckUFSC

[email protected]

http://www.eng.it/

Leveraging Reuse-related Maturity Issues for Achieving Higher Maturity & Capability Levels

Technology

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