LEVER: Leveraging Routing Infrastructure for Routing Scalability, Mobility and Content Networking...
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Transcript of LEVER: Leveraging Routing Infrastructure for Routing Scalability, Mobility and Content Networking...
LEVER: Leveraging Routing Infrastruc-ture for Routing Scalability, Mobility
and Content Networking
IEEE CCW, Oct. 2011Ted “Taekyoung” Kwon
Seoul National University
Joint work with Ray at Rutgers, ES Cho at SNU, SC Kim at SNU
Routing scalability
• Multi-homing, TE, non-aggregatable prefix assignment
• Endpoint identifiers (EIDs) may have to be separated from routing locators (RLOCs)
• Locator Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP) and so on
• Q1: How to find RLOCs from EIDs?
Mobility
• IP mobility–Many unsuccessful proposals
• Different contexts– Identifier and locator– Home address (HoA) and care-of-ad-
dress (CoA)– Initial address and new address(es)
• Q2: how to find CoA for HoA?
Content networking• Two contrasting approaches– Route-by-name
• DONA, CCN,…• Scalability problem
– Lookup-by-name• P2P, CDN,…• Application-specific, cost
• The latter could be almost as efficient as the former
• Assume content ID is standardized, like URL• Q3: how to find the location for content ID?
A common mapping infra
• FQDN IP : DNS• EID RLOC : routing scalability• HoA CoA : mobility• Content ID IP : content network-
ing
FQDN IP
• FQDN: www.cs.bu.edu Root
edu. com.
bu. mit.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Name
IP
Client
LocalMappingServer
cs.
EID RLOC
• 58.10.46.147.in-addr.arpa(EID: 147.46.10.58)
Root
arpa. com.
in-addr.
ip6.
147.
46.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)(5)
EIDClient
LocalMappingServer
RLOC
* Assume the ISP has class B address block: 147.46.0.0/16
HoA CoA
• 58.10.46.147.in-addr.arpa(HoA: 147.46.10.58)
Root
arpa. com.
in-addr.
ip6.
147.
46.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)(5)
HoAClient
LocalMappingServer
CoA
* Assume the ISP has class B address block: 147.46.0.0/16
Content ID (CID) IP• CID: www.cs.bu.edu/a.mpg Root
edu. com.
bu. mit.
cs.
www.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)(5)
CID
IP
Client
LocalMappingServer
* Assume, for each FQDN, a single server maintains mapping for all the URLs starting with the FQDN
Mobility in-depth
att.com
bu.edu
(1) HoA?
(2) HoA?
(5) CoA(4) HoA?
MobileNode
verizon.com(3) HMS
(6) CoA
Home Mapping Server (HMS)
Cor-res.Node
Correspon-dent/mobile NodeLocal/home Mapping Server
* Mobile node is a Verizon user, moves to BU* the HMS is the leaf in the DNS hierarchy
DNS
Mobility w/ caching
att.com
bu.edu
(1) HoA?
(2) To find cache
(6) CoA
(5) HoA?
(3) If cache miss
MobileNode
verizon.com
(4) HMS
(7) CoA
(8) CoA
HMS
Corres.Node
Hashed ID
Prefix
Local Mapping Server
00 A
01 B
10 C
11 D
A B
C
D
DNS
* CN is a user of AT&T, which caches map-ping* Hashed value of MN’s HoA starts with 0b01
1. So far, we talked about an evolu-tionary approach
2. There will be other mapping schemes, which should be supported in the Future Internet, e.g. RFID
3. DNS may be outdatedVerisign undertakes Project Apollo, which will grow capacity 1,000 times today’s level of 4 tril-lion queries to manage 4 quadrillion queries per day by 2020.
Building a mapping infra: a clean-slate approach
• Hierarchical vs. flat• Centralized vs. distributed
• Can we leverage the routing struc-ture to realize the mapping infra?
LEVER: Realizing mapping by leveraging routing
• Mapping server co-locates with router– E.g. local mapping server = router
• For a given ID, how can we find a mapping server who is in charge?
LEVER: how to advertise IDs?
• the ID space is divided among ASs– Each AS is in charge of mapping for the IDs in its par-
tition, which is advertised by BGP– BGP router knows which ASs are in charge of which
ID partition: AS mapping table– We can extend/leverage BGP
• A partition of an AS is divided among its routers– Each router is in charge of mapping for the IDs in its
sub-partition, which is advertized– A router knows the IDs maintained by other routers
in the same AS: router mapping table– We can leverage intra-domain routing
AS 20: FP 001
AS 30: FP 010
(1)
(2)
(4)
(5)
Solicitor
Router
BGP Speaker
FP ASN Locator
0b000 8 10.10.10.1
0b001 20 100.100.20.1
0b010 30100.200.30.
1
… … …
SP Locator
0b00 100.200.10.1
0b01 100.200.15.1
0b10100.200.20.
1
0b11 100.200.25.1
(3)
AccessRouter
AS Mapping Table
Router Mapping Ta-ble
100.200.20.1
100.200.30.1
* ID is 0b01010…
First prefix (FP)
second prefix (SP)
LEVER: how to find mapping of an ID
LEVER
• Relies on IP routing• Overlay• Incentives– ICANN may enforce the mapping service• E.g. ID partition assigned address block
– ISP can offer registry operator biz