Level3 B All

Chapter 06

Aim High Reading | Level 3-B

Passage 21_

Seeds of the Future

Passage 22_

Teen Years

Passage 23_

The Cosmos and Numbers

Passage 24_

The Cause of Acne

acne ··························································

adapt ························································

adolescence ············································

adulthood ···············································

animation ···············································

be saturated with ································

bluntly ······················································

break down ············································

bush ··························································

catalogue ················································

collapse ····················································

concerned ···············································

consequently ·········································

crop ···························································

dire ····························································

distinct ·····················································

ecological ················································

extinct ······················································

filter out ··················································

fundamental ··········································

geography ··············································

impart ······················································

indeterminate ·······································

interconnection ····································

longitudinal ···········································

manifestation ········································

matrix ·······················································

metabolize ·············································

myriad ······················································

neutralize ···············································

parkland ··················································

particular ················································

perceive ···················································

physical education ·······························

profitable ················································

puberty ····················································

rarely ························································

related ·····················································

remission ·················································

reservoir ··················································

restore ······················································

revived ·····················································

savior ························································

scar ····························································

species ······················································

statement ···············································

subject ······················································

suburban ·················································

suspend ····················································

topical ······················································

undergrowth ·········································

vine ···························································

모체, 기반

물질대사시키다

무수한

중화하다

초원, 공원지대

특정한

인식하다

체육

수익이있는, 유익한

사춘기

거의~않다

관계있는

완화, 진정

저수지

복구하다, 회복시키다

소생된

구원자

상처를남기다

종족

진술

과목, 실험 대상, 주제

도시주변의, 교외의

중지하다, 정지하다

국부적인, 국소의

덤불

덩굴

Vocabulary Pre-check 알고있는단어에체크하고단어들의뜻을쓰시오.

여드름

적합하다, 적응하다

사춘기, 청소년기

성인기

생기, 활기

~으로포화되어있다

퉁명스럽게, 무뚝뚝하게

분해하다

관목, 수풀

분류하다, 목록을만들다

무너지다, 붕괴하다

관심있는

따라서, 그 결과

농작물, 곡물

극단적인, 무서운

별개의, 독특한

생태학적인

멸종의

~을거르다

근본적인

지리(학)

전하다, 알리다

불확정한, 정해지지않은

상호관련

장기적인, 경도의

표시, 명시

v.

v.

18 Level 3-B

indeterminate [ìnditÁ;÷mÂnit] 정해지지 않은 suspend [s‰spènd] 중지하다, 정지하다 animation [©n‰mèi∫Ân] 생기, 활기

extinct [ikstí\t] 멸종의 ecological [ék‰l£d,ikÂl] 생태학적인 parkland [p£;÷kl©nd] 초원, 공원지대

revived [riváivd] 소생된 reservoir [rèz‰÷vw¢;÷] 저수지 filter out ~을 거르다 undergrowth [=nd‰÷gròu^] 덤불

bush [bu∫] 관목, 수풀 suburban [s‰bÁ;÷b‰n] 도시 주변의, 교외의 vine [vain] 덩굴 oriental [≥;rièntl] 동양의

Bittersweet [bít‰÷swì;t] 노박덩굴 extinction [ikstí\∫Ân] 멸종, 사멸 turn to ~에 의지하다

The purpose of a seed farm near New York City is not to

plant seeds so they will grow into profitable crops, but to

store the seeds so that they can be used sometime in the

distant future. In order to store these seeds for an

indeterminate time, the seeds must be put into suspended

animation, a sleeplike state in which the seeds do not age. These seeds are being

stored in the belief that they will be needed to bring back plant species to areas

in which they have become extinct. (A) The seeds are thus being stored so that

they can become ecological saviors. (B) When planted in the future, these seeds

could help restore damaged parklands and forests. Revived plants could also

protect reservoirs of drinking water by filtering out pollution.

(C) The sad fact is that many plant species are threatened by various human

activities. Forested areas with their undergrowth of bushes and wild flowers are

being cut down for suburban roads and houses. (D)

Furthermore, plant species native to one particular area in the world are being

threatened by non-native species, which have been introduced knowingly or

unknowingly by humans into a new place. (E) For example, a vine native to

Asia called Oriental Bittersweet was introduced into America knowingly by

people who admired the Oriental Bittersweet’s colorful leaves and berries. But

it is now threatening to destroy a similar but not as seemingly beautiful vine

called American Bittersweet. If any of these threats do result in the extinction of

any plant species, biologists will turn to the ‘Seed Farm’ for help in reintroducing

that species.

Social Culture BusinessPassage

Chapter 06 19

1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?

① Botanists are collecting all the seeds that are present in theworld.

② The seeds stored in the farm can bring a fortune in thefuture.

③ The saved seeds will be planted to fight against all foreignspecies.

④ The seeds are stored to replant where there are lesspollutants.

⑤ The stored seeds will be revived to help the damagedenvironment.

2. 밑줄 친 these threats가 가리키는 것 두 가지를 우리말로 쓰시오.

Info Scan

Analysis

3. 저장된 씨앗들이 미래의 생태계에 어떤 도움을 줄 수 있는지의 예로

언급된 것 두 가지를 쓰시오.

Detail

4. (A)~(E) 중, 의 흐름상 주어진 문장이 들어가기 적절한 곳은?Coherence

Aim High Reading

① (A) ② (B) ③ (C)

④ (D) ⑤ (E)

Pollution from cars, factories and cities is poisoningnumerous other plants.

다양한인간활동에의한위협

외국에서들어온종에의한위협

손상된초원이나산림을복구한다.

오염물을걸러식수를보호한다.

20 Level 3-B

1. 부디또와주세요. → , please.

2. 당신이더나아지기를정말로희망합니다. → I you will get better.

3. 그는자기가올것이라고말했고, 정말로왔다. → He said he would come and .

Quiz 다음을강조의조동사 do를 이용하여 작하시오.

If any of these threats do result in the extinction of any plant species, biologistswill turn to the ‘Seed Farm.’

I do like you.+

A vine native to Asia called Oriental Bittersweet was introduced into America

knowingly by people who admired the Oriental Bittersweet’s colorful leaves and

berries.

A vine(덩굴식물)을수식하는말을모두쓰시오.

Tips 강조의 do는 동사의 의미를 강조하는데 쓰인다. 문장의 특정어구를 강조하기 위해서는 강조구문O어구P을 사용하거나 어순

을도치하는방법이있으나, 강조의 do는강조어구를사용하는경우이다. 강조의조동사 do는‘정말, 사실’의뜻을가진다.

→

→

Grammar 강조의 do

Structure 분사구의명사수식

문장의 구조 주어 + 동사 + 보어 + (전치사구) + (부사) + (전치사구) + (관계사절)

주어 →

동사 →

보어 →

(전치사구) →

(부사) →

(전치사구) →

(관계사절) →

Do come again

do hope

he did come

native to Asia

A vine native to Asia calledOriental Bittersweet

was

introduced

knowingly

by people

who admired the Oriental Bittersweet’s

colorful leaves and berriesinto America

called Oriental Bittersweet

Chapter 06 21

P a s s a g e 2 1

다음밑줄친우리말을문맥에맞게 작하시오.

Writing 1. The seeds 정지된생명상태에놓여져야한다, a sleeplike state in which

the seeds do not age.

2. 미래에심어지면, these seeds could help restore damaged parklands

and forests.

3. Forested areas with their undergrowth of bushes and wild flowers

~으로인해제거되고있다 suburban roads and houses.

4. But it is now threatening to destroy a similar but 겉보기에는그만큼아름

답지않은 vine called American Bittersweet.

5. Biologists ~에의존하게될것이다 the ‘Seed Farm’ for help in

reintroducing that species.

must be put into suspended animation

When planted in the future

are being cut down for

not as seemingly beautiful

will turn to

22 Level 3-B

not ~ until ... ~까지 …않다, ~이 되어 비로소 …하다 identify [aidènt‰fài] 인지하다, 확인하다 adolescence [©dÂlèsÂns] 사춘기, 청소년기

scar [sk°;÷] 상처를 남기다 adulthood [‰d=lthúd] 성인기 catalogue [k®tÂl≥;g] 분류하다, 목록을 만들다 myriad [míri‰d] 무수한

go through ~을 겪다 subject [s=bd,ikt] 실험 대상

It wasn’t until the 1950s that people started identifying the teenage years as a

distinct stage in life. Before the 1950s, there were only kids and grownups and

no teenagers. People didn’t think a child turning fifteen was significantly

different than one turning ten. As you grew up you jumped from childhood into

adulthood; but not anymore. These days, the 20 percent of the world’s

population that is experiencing adolescence is going through something distinct

and separate from childhood, and something of great importance to adult life.

The theory is quite simple: if a person’s teens are scarred by family, health or

financial problems, that person will be handicapped by these problems in

adulthood. Likewise if a person is blessed with good health in his or her teens,

he or she will have a greater chance of having a healthy adulthood.

(A) Researchers are trying hard to catalogue the

myriad changes that young people are going

through at this time in their life by conducting

longitudinal studies that collect enormous amounts

of data. (B) One longitudinal study of 3,000

people, the Birth to Twenty Study, began in 1990

in South Africa. (C) The subjects in this study are

now in their late teens and the researchers believe

the data will show strong connections between

teenage years and adulthood. (D) These and other

points, however, cannot be proven until subjects in the study reach adulthood.

And that is still a long time off. (E)


Chapter 06 23

1. According to the passage which of the following is NOT true?

① The teenage years were not considered important before the 1950s.

② One fifth of the world population is people in their teenageyears.

③ There are studies on how teenage years affect their later life.

④ Many studies on teenagers tend to fail because they take a long time.

⑤ It is believed that teenagers experience many changes in their life.

2. Explain the purpose of the study mentioned in paragraph 2 in Korean.

Info Scan

Analysis

3. 밑줄 친 longitudinal의 의미와 가장 가까운 것은?

① broad

② serious

③ long-term

④ well planned

⑤ memorable

Vocabulary

4. (A)~(E) 중, 의 흐름상 주어진 문장이 들어가기 가장 적절한 곳은?Coherence

Aim High Reading

① (A) ② (B) ③ (C)

④ (D) ⑤ (E)

For example, healthy eating in teenage years is believedto set a person’s physical health in their adulthood.

청소년기와성인기간에 접한관련이있음을증명하기위해서

24 Level 3-B

1. 그는 30세가되어비로소그림을그리기시작하 다.

→ he was thirty that he started to paint.

2. 그교통법규는그해말이되어서야효력이발생되었다. (take effect)

→ the end of the year.

3. 비타민은 1911년이 되어서야비로소알려지게되었다.

→ that the first of the vitamins was identified.

Quiz 다음을 작하시오.

It wasn’t until the 1950s that people started identifying the teenage years.

These and other points cannot be proven until subjects in the study reachadulthood.

The 20 percent of the world’s population that is experiencing adolescence is going

through something distinct and separate from childhood, and something of great

importance to adult life.

세계인구의20%는어떤20%를말하는가?

Tips until은부정어를수반하여「~까지…않다, ~이 되어서야비로소 ...하다」라는의미로쓰인다.

→

Grammar not ~ until ...

Structure 형용사절의명사수식

문장의 구조 주어 + 동사 + 목적어1 + 목적어2

Rgo through를하나의구동사로처리하도록하며, is going의 going은분사로서가아닌동사의진행형으로처리한다.

주어 →

동사 →

목적어1 →

목적어2→

It was not until

The traffic laws didn’t take effect until

It was not until 1911

that is experiencing adolescence

The 20 percent of the world’s population that is experiencing adolescence

is going through

something distinct and separate from childhood

something of great importance to adult life

Chapter 06 25

P a s s a g e 2 2


Writing 1. They are going through 특별하고~와는다른무엇 childhood, and

something of great importance to adult life.

2. He or she ~할더많은가능성을갖게될것이다 having a healthy adulthood.

3. Researchers are trying hard to catalogue the myriad changes 젊은

사람들이겪고있는 at this time in their life.

4. The researchers believe the data will show ~사이의 접한관련성

teenage years and adulthood.

5. These and other points, however, cannot be proven 그연구의실험

대상들이성인기에도달할때까지는.

something distinct and separate from

will have a greater chance of

that young people are going through

strong connections between

until subjects in the study reach adulthood

26 Level 3-B

biology [bai£l‰d,i] 생물학 geography [d,i;£gr‰fi] 지리(학) physical education 체육

interconnection [ìnt‰÷k‰nèk∫Ân] 상호관련 term [t‰;÷m] 용어 manifestation [m©n‰festèi∫Ân] 표시, 명시

perceive [p‰÷sí;v] 인식하다 matrix [mèitriks] 모체, 기반 bluntly [bl=ntli] 퉁명스럽게, 무뚝뚝하게

statement [stèitm‰nt] 진술 dire [dai‰÷] 극단적인, 무서운 quality [kw£l‰ti] 질, 성질, 특질

quantity [kw£nt‰ti] 양, 많음 impart [imp£;÷t] 전하다, 알리다

Students study a lot of subjects at school, but rarely do teachers explain to their

students how the subjects are related to one another. The biology teacher

doesn’t explain clearly how his subject can be connected to geography; and

neither does the physical education teacher explain how his subject is related to

biology. In fact, there are huge interconnections among almost all subjects; we

just aren’t being taught what they are. In the last decades, however, this term

“connection” has become a big topic all over the world.

The facts that the different manifestations of our

reality are connected, and that everything we

perceive on earth is tied together in a secret

matrix, have always been part of basic knowledge

ever since old civilizations. The ancient scholars

discovered that there was one subject that connects to all the others: Math!

Ancient scholars saw numbers in everything. Pythagoras is famous for stating

bluntly that “Everything contains numbers.” Augustinus took Pythagoras’

statement a step further, uttering a dire warning about the necessity of using

numbers in daily life: “Without numbers everything would collapse.” And

Novalis believed so strongly in the importance of mathematics that he related it

to religion: “Life of Gods is mathematics. Pure mathematics is religion.”

These ancient scholars were concerned about the quality not the quantity of

numbers. They realized that numbers could tell us about creation, growth and

life itself. They tried to impart the knowledge that numbers are not simple facts

but the basis of all life.


Chapter 06 27

1. Which of the following is correct according to the passage?

(choose two)

① Teachers rarely teach their students how things areinterconnected.

② Students are learning mathematics as a subject that connectsall other subjects.

③ Every subject that is taught in most schools has a certainamount of math section.

④ The ancient scholars thought numbers could be theconnection of the all subjects.

⑤ Students can do further research on a topic outside ofschool as independent studies.

2. Why does the author mention the statements of ancient scholars?

① to insist that math is the most important subject of all

② to explain how important mathematics is in modern society

③ to prove that math was thought to be the key to everything

④ to illustrate how math is interconnected with other subjects

⑤ to show that math was developed by many ancient scholars

Info Scan

Inference

3. 밑줄 친 the knowledge가 의미하는 것을 우리말로 쓰시오.Reference

4. 내용의 흐름상 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 문장은?

① The secret of numbers should be revealed.

② There is no need to count numbers.

③ Without numbers, there would be no life.

④ We shouldn’t learn math for only practical uses.

⑤ No subject can be more important than math.

Coherence

Aim High Reading

숫자들은단순한사실이아닌모든생명의기본이라는것

28 Level 3-B

1. I know the very person that will do the job quickly. < >

2. There was no hope that she would recover her health. < >

3. Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe is getting bigger. < >

Quiz 다음문장의밑줄친 that의 용법을쓰시오.

The fact that the different manifestations of our reality are connected has beenpart of basic knowledge. 동격의 that

They tried to impart the knowledge that numbers are the basis of all life.동격의 that

The ancient scholars discovered that there was one subject that connects to all the others: Math! that 명사절 / 관계대명사 that

The facts that the different manifestations of our reality are connected, and that

everything we perceive on earth is tied together in a secret matrix, have always

been part of basic knowledge ever since old civilizations.

The fact란어떤사실인지두가지모두쓰시오.

Tips that에는 여러 가지 쓰임이 있다. 지시대명사·형용사·부사로서 지시사의 기능을, 접속사·관계대명사로서 연결사의 기능

을가진다. 그밖에동격절을이끌기도한다.

→

→

Grammar that의다양한쓰임

Structure 동격

문장의 구조 주어 + 동사 + 보어 + (전치사구)

주어 →

동사 →

보어 →

(전치사구) →

관계대명사 that

동격의 that

명사절을이끄는 that

the different manifestations of our reality are connected

everything we perceive on earth is tied together in a secret matrix

The facts that the different ~, andthat everything ~ in a secret matrix

have always been

part of basic knowledge

ever since old civilizations

Chapter 06 29

P a s s a g e 2 3


Writing 1. 교사들은거의설명하지않는다 to their students how the subjects are

related to one another.

2. Neither does the physical education teacher explain 그의과목이~과

어떻게관련되어있는지 biology.

3. Novalis ~을너무나강하게믿었다 the importance of mathematics that

he related it to religion.

5. Without numbers, 생명도없을것이다.

4. They tried to impart the knowledge that numbers 단순한사실이아니라

모든생명의기본이다.

Rarely do teachers explain

how his subject is related to

believed so strongly in

are not simple facts but the basis of all life

there would be no life

30 Level 3-B

acne [®kni] 여드름 break down 분해하다 neutralize [n∆ù;tr‰làiz] 중화하다

testosterone [test£st‰ròun] 테스토스테론(남성 호르몬의 일종) estrogen [èstr‰d,‰n] 에스트로겐(여성 호르몬의 일종)

species [spí;∫i(;)z] 종족 metabolize [m‰t®b‰làiz] 물질대사시키다 be saturated with ~으로 포화되어 있다

puberty [pjù;b‰÷ti] 사춘기 topical [t£pikÂl] 국부적인, 국소의 remission [rimí∫Ân] 완화, 진정

The main cause of acne is actually the failure of the body to

break down skin oil before it reaches the surface of the skin.

Why we get it, and consequently, how we can cure it are now

well-understood processes.

Our body makes a chemical called Coenzyme A, which is used

to neutralize skin oil below the surface of the skin. Two of the

three chemicals which make up Coenzyme A are produced by

the body on its own, but the third chemical which makes up Coenzyme A must

come from the food we eat. If we don’t eat food which supplies this chemical

then, our bodies will not be able to break down the skin oil that causes acne.

But the process of breaking down skin oil before turning into acne is further

complicated by the fact that Coenzyme A is needed to make testosterone and

estrogen, the sex hormones. When there is very little Coenzyme A in the body,

it has to choose what to use it for. And since sex hormones are far more

important for the survival of the species, the body reduces the amount of

Coenzyme A available for metabolizing skin oil, the skin becomes saturated

with oil, and you get acne.

This imbalance usually starts in puberty and can continue for decades. Most of

this occurs below the surface of the skin, so no topical system such as pads or

creams can address this fundamental problem. The key to fighting acne is to

supply our body with the right foods so that it has enough of the chemical

supplied through food which it uses to make Coenzyme A. Research has shown

that this diet related treatment is the only way to get 100% remission of one’s

acne.

Life Sport MusicPassage

Chapter 06 31

1. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

① The body produces enough Coenzyme A on its own.

② It is a certain food that causes acne-like skin problems.

③ Sex hormones prevent Coenzyme A from resolving skin oil.

④ Acne is mainly caused when the body lacks Coenzyme A.

⑤ Coenzyme A causes many spots on a person’s face and neck.

2. Coenzyme A가 하는 두 가지 역할을 우리말로 쓰시오.

Info Scan

Analysis

3. 이 에서 언급된 여드름을 완전히 제거하는 방법을 우리말로 설명하시오.Detail

4. 밑줄 친 topical system이 의미하는 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① a treatment of the most popped out pimples on the face

② a treatment of the most currently appeared spots

③ a medicine that you apply to a localized part

④ a treatment of the most chronic parts of acne

⑤ a medicine that you take to treat your acne

Reference

Aim High Reading

피부유지방을분해한다.

성 호르몬을만든다.

Coenzyme A를 만드는성분을포함하는음식을충분히섭취한다.

32 Level 3-B

1. 그들은 1920년에 지어진집에살고있다. → They live in a house in 1920.

2. 대학에가고싶은사람들은열심히공부해야한다. → Those go to college should study hard.


Two of the three chemicals which make up Coenzyme A are produced by thebody on its own, but the third chemical which makes up Coenzyme A mustcome from the food we eat.

The process of breaking down skin oil before turning into acne is further

complicated by the fact that Coenzyme A is needed to make testosterone and

estrogen, the sex hormones.

어떤process를말하는가?

Tips 관계대명사는 단수와 복수가 따로 없기 때문에 주격 관계대명사가 그 자체로 다음에 오는 동사의 형태를 결정할 수 없다.

관계대명사는선행사대신에쓰인것이기때문에주격관계대명사다음에오는동사는선행사에의해서결정된다.

→

Grammar 주격관계대명사절의수의일치

Structure 전치사구의수식을받는 (동)명사구

무엇때문에더복잡한것인가?

→

the fact와 that절은어떤관계인가?

→

문장의 구조 주어 + (전치사구) + 동사 + 보어 + (전치사구) + (동격 that절)

보어 →

(전치사구) →

(동격 that절) →

주어 →

(전치사구) →

동사 →

which was built

who want to

breaking down skin oil before turning into acne

by the fact that ~ hormones

동격관계

The process of breaking downskin oil

before turning into acne

is

further complicated

by the fact

that Coenzyme A is needed to make ~ hormones

Chapter 06 33

P a s s a g e 2 4


Writing 1. 왜우리가그것을얻는가, and consequently, how we can cure it are now

well-understood processes.

2. Our body makes a chemical called Coenzyme A, which ~을중화시키

는데사용된다 skin oil below the surface of the skin.

3. When there is very little Coenzyme A in the body, it has to choose

그것을무엇을위해사용할지.

4. The key to fighting acne 우리몸에~을제공하는것이다 the right foods

so that it has enough of the chemical.

5. Research has shown that this diet related treatment is ~하기위한유일

한방법 get 100% remission of one’s acne.

Why we get it

is used to neutralize

what to use it for

is to supply our body with

the only way to

Review

34 Level 3-B

A 다음 단어의 뜻을 쓰시오.

B A의 단어를 활용하여 다음 우리말에 맞게 작하시오.

01. 청소년기를겪다

02. 오염물질을거르다

03. 여드름의주요원인

04. 숫자의특성

05. 중화시키는데에사용되다

06. 도시주변의도로와주택들

C A의 단어를 활용하여 다음 문장의 빈칸에 문맥상 알맞은 말을 쓰시오.

01. Antacids relieve pain by gastric acid.

02. is the science of life in all its manifestations and is the key to all

our futures.

03. A species of animal or plant that is no longer has any living

members, either in the world or in a particular place.

04. If you something, you delay it or stop it from happening for a

while or until a decision is made about it.

05. If an unpleasant physical or emotional experience you, it has a

permanent effect on your mind.

06. Teaching is much more than the ability to knowledge or skill in

today’s world.

01. acne

02. adolescence

03. be used to

04. biology

05. extinct

06. filter out

07. impart

08. neutralize

09. quality

10. scar

11. suburban

12. suspend

v.

여드름

사춘기, 청소년기

~하는데에사용되다

생물학

멸종의

~을거르다

전하다, 알리다

중화하다

질, 성질, 특질 (cf. quantity 양, 많음)

상처를남기다

도시주변의, 교외의

중지하다, 정지하다

experience adolescence

filter out pollution

the main cause of acne

the quality of numbers

be used to neutralize

suburban roads and houses

neutralizing

Biology

extinct

suspend

scars

impart

Chapter 06 35

Passages 21-24

D 다음 문장의 빈칸에 어법상 알맞은 것을 고르시오.

01. Heaven helps those themselves.

① who help ② who helps ③ who are helped

02. I don’t know how it works, but it .

① work ② is work ③ does work

03. The pronunciation of Japanese is often compared Korean.

① with this of ② with that of ③ with which of

04. It I came to China that I learned calligraphy.

① was not ② was not until ③ was not without

05. Rowling’s books supernatural creatures.

① do contain ② are contain ③ contain doing

06. There was something in her eyes her meaning clear.

① that made ② where made ③ that was made

07. It 2010 that the new policy is fully implemented.

① will be until ② will not be after ③ will not be until

08. There is no possibility may have any truth in it.

① what does he say ② that what he says ③ which what he says

09. She works for the company vending machines.

① that make ② that makes ③ that is made

10. It has not been that we have begun serious inquiries into

our own nature.

① until quite recently ② quite until recently ③ quite recently until

Chapter 07


Passage 25_

Oldest Writing in the New World

Passage 26_

Mental Health ServicesReduce School Violence

Passage 27_

Cloud Formation

Passage 28_

Testing the Water

abstract ····················································adopt ························································algae-filled ·············································

artifact ·····················································

back up ····················································blob ···························································bulk ···························································carve ·························································

choke ························································civilization ··············································

climactic ···················································commitment ··········································

comprehensively ··································

concrete ···················································concur ······················································

condensation ·········································discipline ·················································

emit ···························································evaporate ···············································

eventually ···············································for instance ············································

formation ················································gravel ·······················································

halt ····························································incidence ·················································infest ·························································initial ························································

linguist ·····················································marked ·····················································measurement ········································

microscopic particles ···························mineral ·····················································

myriad ······················································no-go zone ·············································orbit ··························································overwhelm ·············································

participate in ·········································pit ······························································

pollutant ·················································

pristine ·····················································question ··················································

ravage ······················································

repel ··························································resemble ··················································reside ························································reveal ························································scholar ······················································self-esteem ·············································

smelly ·······················································

stable ························································statistics ···················································stench ·······················································sufficient ·················································

sulfur dioxide ········································

suspension ··············································tackle ························································take place ···············································

the Northern Hemisphere ················

the Southern Hemisphere ················

vapor ························································

variable ····················································weather-beaten ····································whopping ···············································

without a doubt ···································


추상적인

채택하다

녹조가잔뜩낀

인공물, 유물

후원하다, 지지하다

얼룩

많음, 대부분

새기다, 조각하다

질식시키다

문명

절정의

언질, 공약

포괄적으로

구체적인, 명확한, 실제의

진술이같다, 일치하다

응결, 응축

벌을주다, 징계하다

방출하다, 내뿜다

증발하다

결국

예를들면

형성

자갈, 조약돌

멈추게하다, 정지시키다

(사건) 발생률

떼지어몰려들다, 만연하다

처음의, 최초의

언어학자

두드러진, 현저한

측정(법)

극소 미립자

광물, 무기물

무수한, 많은

출입금지지역

궤도를그리며돌다

압도하다

~에참여하다

구멍

오염물질

원래의, 청결한

이의를제기하다

파괴, 황폐

불쾌감을주다, 쫓아버리다

닮다

거주하다, 살다

밝히다, 드러내다

학자

자부심

불쾌한냄새의

안정적인

통계(표)

악취

충분한

아황산가스

정학, 정지

(문제등을) 다루다

일어나다, 발생하다

북반구

남반구

수증기

변수

비바람에닳은

굉장한, 엄청난

의심할여지없이

v.

v.

n.

38 Level 3-B

carve [k°;÷v] 새기다, 조각하다 gravel [gr®vÂl] 자갈, 조약돌 weather-beaten [wè"‰÷bí;tn] 비바람에 닳은

ravage [r®vid,] 파괴, 황폐 pit [pit] 구멍 mineral [mínÂr‰l] 광물, 무기물 without a doubt 의심할 여지없이

blob [bl°b] 얼룩 artifact [£;÷t‰f©kt] 인공물, 유물 of note 유명한

A stone block, Cascajal block, with letters and symbols

carved into it, is believed to be the oldest known piece of

writing in the New World. The block was found in a

gravel mine in Mexico. It is believed to have been carved

by people living in Mexico and Central America before

Columbus discovered the New World. These people,

called the Olmecs, lived in the oldest known civilization

in that part of the world.

The block itself looks extremely weather-beaten as if it

had gone through the ravages of years and years of rain.

The rain has created pits in the blocks and minerals have

formed in some of the symbols and signs. But this piece of

evidence has been backed up with more concrete chemical

testings, which have proven without a doubt that the block

is about 3,000 years old.

Scholars are studying the block, but no one really knows what it says. Linguists

think the carvings on this block are part of a written language, even though very

different symbols are used. The block holds a total of 62 symbols, some of

which resemble plants such as corn, or animals such as insects and fish. Many

of the symbols are more abstract boxes or blobs. Scholars have also noted that

some of the symbols and signs seem like other images found on artifacts from

the Olmec civilization. Also of note is that the writing on the blocks seems to be

composed of several sentences. Essentially the discovery of the block means

that their society had progressed to the point whereby they were keeping

records.

Person HistoryPassage

Chapter 07 39

1. According to the passage which of the following is correct?

① The block is assumed to be the oldest piece of writing inthe world.

② The contents of the stone have been interpreted by somescholars.

③ None of the symbols on the block are similar to ones foundearlier.

④ The Cascajal block was seriously harmed and broken intopieces when found.

⑤ Scholars assume its age from signs of having been out inthe weather.

2. Cascajal block이 Olmec 문명의 것이라는 점을 입증하는 세 가지 단서를

쓰시오.

Info Scan

Analysis

3. Cascajal block의 발견이 Olmec 문명에 대해 말해 주는 것을 쓰시오.Analysis

4. 밑줄 친 concrete의 의미에 가장 가까운 단어는?

① thorough

② broad

③ definite

④ general

⑤ time consuming

Vocabulary

Aim High Reading

지역적:

연도적:

내용적:

발견된지역이이문명이있었던곳이라는점

바위의연도가이문명이있었던시기라는점

바위의몇몇 자들이이문명의것들과비슷하다는점

이사회가기록을남기는수준까지발전되었었다는것

40 Level 3-B

1. Will you join with me for a party? →

2. She wanted to marry with a rich man. →

3. She discussed about her plans with her mother. →

Quiz 다음문장을바르게고쳐다시쓰시오.

Some symbols resemble plants such as corn, or animals such as insects andfish.

I must apologize to her for his rudeness.+

This piece of evidence has been backed up with more concrete chemical testings,

which have proven without a doubt that the block is about 3,000 years old.

삽입된구를찾아쓰시오.

Tips 우선 타동사로 혼동하기 쉬운 자동사로는 account for, arrive inOatP, complain aboutOofP, consent to,

graduate from, interfere with, proceeded with, reply to, wait for 등이 있다. 반면 자동사로 혼동하기 쉬운 타

동사로는 answer, apologize, approach, attend, describe, discuss, enter, explain, mention, marry,

resemble 등이있다.

→

Grammar 혼동하기쉬운자동사와타동사

Structure 삽입

문장의 구조 주어 + 동사 + (전치사구) + (관계사절)

which를올바르게해석하고접속사와주어로바꾸어쓰시오.

→

(해석)→

주어 →

동사 →

(전치사구) →

(관계사절) →

Will you join me for a party?

She wanted to marry a rich man.

She discussed her plans with her mother.

without a doubt

and they(more concrete chemical testings)

This piece of evidence

has been backed up

with more concrete chemical testings

which have proven without a doubt

that the block is about 3,000 years old

그리고그것들이

Chapter 07 41

P a s s a g e 2 5


Writing 1. The Cascajal block ~라고믿어진다 the oldest known piece of writing

in the New World.

2. It is believed ~에의해조각되었을것이라고 people living in Mexico and

Central America.

3. The block itself looks extremely weather-beaten 마치~을견뎌온것처럼

the ravages of years and years of rain.

4. More concrete chemical testings have proven 의심할여지없이 that

the block is about 3,000 years old.

5. ~라는것도또한주목할만하다 the writing on the blocks seems to be

composed of several sentences.

is believed to be

to have been carved by

as if it had gone through

without a doubt

Also of note is that

42 Level 3-B

overwhelm [òuv‰÷¶wèlm] 압도하다 a myriad of 무수한 tackle [t®kÂl] (문제 등을) 다루다 adopt [‰d£pt] 채택하다

participate in ~에 참여하다 marked [m°;÷kt] 두드러진, 현저한 incidence [íns‰dÂns] (사건) 발생률

discipline [dís‰plin] 벌을 주다, 징계하다 suspension [s‰spèn∫Ân] 정학, 정지 whopping [¶w£pi\] 굉장한, 엄청난

statistics [stèitistiks] 통계(표) commitment [k‰mítm‰nt] 언질, 공약 concur [k‰nkÁ;÷] 진술이 같다, 일치하다

Overwhelmed by problems and lacking sufficient resources, evidence-based

practices have recently increased in popularity as a way to use available

resources as efficiently as possible. A school is one governmental institution

which has these characteristics. Schools have a myriad of problems and often

lack sufficient resources to tackle all of their problems. However, as evidence

shows that school-based mental health (SBMH) services are effective at helping

troubled teenagers feel better about themselves and do better at school, more

and more schools are adopting mental health programs.

There is strong evidence that SBMH services

work. After one year in an initial test program, the

troubled students who participated in it showed

marked improvements in their behavior at school

and in their school work. (a) , these

students improved school attendance records by 15%. Moreover, incidences in

which the schools had to discipline these kids decreased by 50% as did

incidences of these youths using violence at school. (b) ,

suspensions of these former troubled kids by the school decreased by a

whopping 54%. These statistics clearly showed that the students’ self-esteem as

well as their attitudes towards their teachers, their school and their school work

had significantly improved. Most youth self-reported significantly improved

commitment to school and the parents of these children concurred. Their

children’s mental health and school work were both much better.

With the reporting of the results of the initial study, more and more schools

have been adopting SBMH service programs. The evidence from these other

programs backs up the conclusions made from the initial study.


Chapter 07 43

1. 빈칸 (a)와 (b)에 적절한 연결사로 짝지어진 것은?

(a) (b)

① In short … As a result

② First of all … In other words

③ As a result … First of all

④ First of all … As a result

⑤ In short … In other words

2. SBMH 서비스에 참가한 학생들이 보인 통계 결과를 우리말로 정리하시오.

Coherence

Analysis

3. 문제 2의 통계치를 통해 내릴 수 있는 결론을 본문에서 찾아 우리말로 설명하시오. Summary

4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

① The first year of the SBMH test service had been a greatsuccess.

② Those who had troubles in school had participated in theprogram.

③ Most of the parents agreed that their children had muchimproved.

④ The effectiveness of the service was supported by otherschools.

⑤ The kids reported to school that the program shouldimprove more.

Info Scan

Aim High Reading

출석률이 15% 향상되었음

폭력사용으로인한벌을받는것이 50% 감소했음

기존의문제있는학생들의정학률이 54% 감소했음

학생들의자부심과선생님, 학교, 학업에대한태도가많이향상되었다.

44 Level 3-B

1. How long [ was you / have you been ] looking for a job?

2. He [ is / was ] tired because he had been working since dawn.

3. I recognized him at once since I [ have seen / had seen ] him before.

4. I [ have left / had left ] my purse on the train, so I had to walk home.

Quiz 다음괄호안에서어법상알맞을것을고르시오.

Evidence-based practices have recently increased in popularity.

More and more schools have been adopting SBMH service programs.

These statistics clearly showed that the students’ self-esteem had significantlyimproved.

The students’ self-esteem as well as their attitudes towards their teachers, their

school and their school work had significantly improved.

그들의어떤태도를말하는가?

Tips 완료시제에는 현재완료와 과거완료가 있다. 현재완료는 현재에 기반을 둔 시제인데, 현재까지의 동작의 완료나 결과, 과거

의 경험, 과거부터 현재까지의 상태의 계속 등을 표현한다. 따라서 과거를 표현하는 어구나 의문사 when과 함께 쓰이지

않는다. 과거완료는항상과거를기준으로하기때문에, 기준이되는과거시제의표현과주로함께사용된다.

→

주어 →

동사 →

Grammar 완료시제


문장의 구조 주어 + 동사

towards their teachers, their school and their school work

The students’ self-esteem as well as their attitudes ~ school work

had significantly improved

Chapter 07 45

P a s s a g e 2 6


Writing 1. Evidence-based practices have recently increased in popularity as a

way to use available resources 가능한한효율적으로.

2. Schools 수많은문제들을가지고있다 and often lack sufficient resources

to tackle all of their problems.

4. The troubled students 그것에참여했던 showed marked improvements

in their behavior at school and in their school work.

3. SBMH services are effective at 문제가있는십대들이~하게느끼도록돕는것

better about themselves and do better at school.

5. Moreover, incidences in which the schools had to discipline these

kids decreased by 50% ~의사건발생률이그랬듯이 these youths using

violence at school.

as efficiently as possible

have a myriad of problems

helping troubled teenagers feel

who participated in it

as did incidences of

46 Level 3-B

evaporate [iv®p‰réit] 증발하다 turn out 입증되다 aerosol [¬Âr‰s≥;l] 에어로졸, 연무질(煙霧質) microscopic particles 극소 미립자

condensation [k¢nd‰nsèi∫Ân] 응결, 응축 take place 일어나다, 발생하다 variable [v¬Âri‰bÂl] 변수

pollutant [p‰lù;tÂnt] 오염 물질 stable [stèibl] 안정적인 emit [imít] 방출하다, 내뿜다 reveal [riví;l] 밝히다, 드러내다

sulfur dioxide 아황산가스 smokestack [smóukst©k] 굴뚝 sulfate [s=lfeit] 황산(염) climactic [klaim®ktik] 절정의

the Southern Hemisphere 남반구 the Northern Hemisphere 북반구

Many of us have been taught that when water is heated, it evaporates into the

air, rising up into the sky and eventually forming clouds. It was a simple

concept involving just water, the Sun, and the sky. This idea was accepted as a

basic truth which we never questioned, as we never doubt whether the Earth

orbits around the Sun or not. But as it turns out, we’ve all been misled. The

whole process of cloud formation depends on the presence of aerosols,

microscopic particles, which are needed for the process of condensation to take

place in the atmosphere. In short, water vapor will not turn into clouds, mist or

fog without aerosols.

It is hard to test theories of cloud formation

since some variables cannot be evenly

controlled. (A) For instance, there are

different pollutants in the atmosphere above

different urban areas. (B) Since the

atmosphere above the world’s oceans is

more stable than that above most cities, scientists have been testing theories of

cloud formation by studying “ship tracks,” which are clouds created by the

aerosols emitted by tankers and other large ships. (C) Research has revealed that

the sulfur dioxide emitted from the smokestacks of these ships creates sulfate

aerosol particles in the atmosphere, which cause clouds to reflect more sunlight

and carry a greater amount of water. (D) The study will move on towards

explaining some of the climactic mysteries, such as why the Southern

Hemisphere is being affected by global warming much more quickly than the

Northern Hemisphere. (E)

Science Technology NaturePassage

Chapter 07 47

1. Which of the following is true about cloud formation? (choose two)

① It turned out that water evaporation is not needed in formingclouds.

② It was found that aerosols allow water vapor to condense intoclouds.

③ Many people thought it was a just simple process without anydoubts.

④ Scientists found that cloud formation is closely related to theEarth’s orbit.

⑤ Different particles in the atmosphere can lead to differentforms of clouds.

2. 구름 실험의 장소로 육지가 아닌 바다를 선택한 이유를 우리말로 설명하시오.

Info Scan

Analysis

3. 본문에 의하면 밑줄 친 ship tracks가 무엇인지 우리말로 설명하시오. Detail

4. (A)~(E) 중에서, 주어진 문장이 들어가기 가장 적절한 곳은?Coherence

Aim High Reading

① (A) ② (B) ③ (C)

④ (D) ⑤ (E)

This is proof that humans have been creating and modifyingclouds for generations through the burning of fossil fuels.

육지에는지역마다오염물질들이다르므로보다안정적인바다를선택했다.

유조선이나다른큰배들이내뿜은에어로졸에의해만들어진구름

48 Level 3-B

1. 그녀는아버지에게긴편지를썼는데, 그는 그것을뜯지도않고돌려보냈다.

→ She wrote her father a long letter, unopened.

2. 그선생님은그의옛제자를만났는데, 제자는처음에는그를알아보지못했다.

→ The teacher met his old student, at first.


The presence of aerosols, microscopic particles, which are needed for theprocess of condensation to take place in the atmosphere.

“Ship tracks,” which are clouds created by the aerosols emitted by tankers andother large ships.

The sulfur dioxide emitted from the smokestacks of these ships creates sulfate

aerosol particles in the atmosphere, which cause clouds to reflect more sunlight

and carry a greater amount of water.

which의선행사는?

Tips 관계대명사의 계속적 용법은 관계대명사 앞에 콤마( , )가 있을 때를 말하며, 이 경우에는 선행사를 수식하지 않고 선행사를

부가적으로설명해준다.

→

Grammar 계속적용법의관계대명사


문장의 구조 주어 + 동사 + 목적어 + (관계사절)

the sulfur dioxide는어떤아황산가스인가?

(해석)

→

→

주어 →

동사 →

목적어 →

(관계사절) →

which he sent back

who didn't recognize him

emitted from the smokestacks of these ships

이배들의굴뚝에서내뿜어진아황산가스

sulfate aerosol particles in the atmosphere

The sulfur dioxide emitted from thesmokestacks of these ships

creates

sulfate aerosol particles in the atmosphere

which cause clouds ~ of water

Chapter 07 49

P a s s a g e 2 7


Writing 1. This idea 기본적인사실로받아들여졌다 which we never questioned, as

we never doubt whether the Earth orbits around the Sun or not.

2. In short, water vapor ~으로변하지않을것이다 clouds, mist or fog

without aerosols.

3. ~을실험하기는어렵다 theories of cloud formation since some variables

cannot be evenly controlled.

4. The atmosphere above the world’s oceans is ~보다더안정적인 that

above most cities.

5. Sulfate aerosol particles in the atmosphere 구름으로하여금더많은태양

빛을반사하게한다 and carry a greater amount of water.

was accepted as a basic truth

will not turn into

It is hard to test

more stable than

cause clouds to reflect more sunlight

50 Level 3-B

smelly [smèli] 불쾌한 냄새의 algae-filled [®ld,ifíld] 녹조가 잔뜩 낀 choke [t∫ouk] 질식시키다 stench [stent∫] 악취

repel [ripèl] 불쾌감을 주다, 쫓아버리다 reside [ri;sáid] 거주하다, 살다 halt [h∞;lt] 멈추게 하다, 정지시키다

infest [infèst] 떼지어 몰려들다, 만연하다 no-go [nougou] 출입금지 draw in 끌어들이다 bulk [b<lk] 많음, 대부분

pristine [prísti;n] 원래의, 청결한 measurement [mè,‰÷m‰nt] 측정(법) comprehensively [k¢mprihènsivli] 포괄적으로

reveal [riví;l] 드러내다 pollutant [p‰lù;tÂnt] 오염 물질

The fish tank hasn’t been cleaned in months; it’s a

smelly, algae-filled tank that is choking the life out

of the few remaining fish. When you finally have

the time to clean it, you lift open the top and the

stench repels you. So you want to leave the job for

another time and go do something else. The stench

of a polluted, algae-filled lake is not different. No one wants to live or play near

one. Everyone wants a clean, crystal-clear lake to reside by or swim in.

In the Upper Midwest, lakes are so important to people’s livelihoods that they

want to halt the process of lakes becoming algae-infested no-go zones before

it’s too late. Not only do they provide an outlet for recreation and an ideal

setting to connect with nature, but they also draw in the bulk of the tourist trade.

No one wants to see the pristine lake they fish on or swim in become polluted.

But it’s not easy to monitor water quality, for example, in the Upper Great

Lakes region of Michigan State where there are over 30,000 lakes and, where,

until recently, all measurements were done by hand. Testing 30,000 lakes by

hand is quite simply an impossible job.

Scientists have started using satellite

imagery to solve the problem of being unable to visit every lake. They have

found that satellite imagery is a good tool to monitor certain types of pollution

and levels of algae in the water. While hand-testing might more

comprehensively reveal myriad types of pollutants, satellite imagery does have

the benefit of having every lake included in the pollution report.


Chapter 07 51

1. Which of the following is NOT true?

① Satellite images can help people evaluate the water clarity ofmany lakes.

② It is impossible to measure the water quality of all the lakes by hand.

③ Lakes are central to the lives of those who reside in the UpperMidwest.

④ Many of the lakes in the Upper Midwest have been badlycontaminated.

⑤ Tests done by hand can give more detailed information onwater pollution.

2. 의 흐름상 빈칸에 알맞은 문장은?

① But things are getting worse in the Upper Midwest.

② Moreover, people seem reluctant to solve this problem.

③ The situation, however, has recently improved a lot.

④ But environmentalists have been paying attention.

⑤ Even technology failed to improve the situation.

Info Scan

Coherence

3. 밑줄 친 myriad과 바꾸어 쓸 수 있는 말은?

① many ② minute

③ exact ④ essential

⑤ frequent

Vocabulary

4. 호수가 the Upper Midwest의 사람들에게 중요한 이유로 언급된 것을

우리말로 쓰시오.

Detail

Aim High Reading

자연에서휴양을즐길수있다.

많은관광객을유치할수있다.

52 Level 3-B

1. 그비행기가늦을가능성은거의없다. → There is little chance of .

2. 내상사는내가늦게출근하는것을개의치않는다. → My boss doesn’t mind for work.

3. 그는그의비서가개인적인통화를하는것을싫어한다. (make calls)

→ He dislikes private calls.

Quiz 다음을동명사를사용하여 작하시오.

They want to halt the process of lakes becoming algae-infested no-go zones.

Do you mind my closing the window?+

Scientists have started using satellite imagery to solve the problem of being unable

to visit every lake.

무엇을위해위성사진을사용하는가?

Tips 일반적으로동명사의의미상주어는소유격으로나타낸다. 하지만의미상주어로목적격이쓰이기도한다.

→

Grammar 동명사의의미상주어

Structure to부정사의다양한용법

문장의 구조 주어 + 동사 + 목적어 + (부사적 to부정사)

무엇이가능하지않다는(unable) 것인가?

주어 →

동사 →

(목적어) →

(부정사구) →

→

the plane being late

my being late

his secretary making

to solve the problem of ~ every lake

to visit every lake

Scientists

have started

using satellite imagery

to solve ~ every lake

Chapter 07 53

P a s s a g e 2 8


Writing

2. Lakes are 사람들의생활에너무중요해서 they want to halt the process of

lakes becoming algae-infested no-go zones.

1. Everyone wants a clean, crystal-clear lake 근처에살거나안에서수 하는.

4. Until recently, all measurements 손으로행해졌다.

5. Satellite imagery ~의장점을확실히가지고있다 having every lake

included in the pollution report.

3. 그것들은~을제공할뿐만아니라 an outlet for recreation and an ideal

setting to connect with nature, but they also draw in the bulk of the

tourist trade.

to reside by or swim in

so important to people’s livelihoods that

Not only do they provide

were done by hand

does have the benefit of

Review

54 Level 3-B



01. 구름형성의전체과정

02. 차에서뿜어져나오는오염물질

03. 몇몇변수를제어하다

04. 그시험에참여했던문제학생들

05. 근처에살수있는깨끗하고맑은강

06. 물이공중으로증발한다.


01. If someone is for something that he or she has done wrong, he or

she is punished for it.

02. are facts which are supported by numbers that show the percentage

of people affected by a certain fact.

03. If an object is , it is firmly fixed in position and is not likely to move

or fall.

04. A(n) idea or way of thinking is based on general ideas rather than

on real things and events.

05. When something you, you cannot breathe properly or get enough

air into your lungs.

06. When a vehicle , it stops moving in the direction it was going and

stands still.

01. abstract

02. choke

03. discipline

04. evaporate

05. formation

06. halt

07. participate in

08. pollutant

09. reside

10. stable

11. statistics

12. variable

추상적인

질식시키다

벌을주다, 징계하다

증발하다

형성

멈추게하다, 정지시키다

~에참여하다

오염물질

거주하다, 살다

안정적인

통계(표)

변수

the whole process of cloud formation

the pollutant emitted from cars

control some variables

the troubled students who participated in the test

a clean and clear lake to reside by

The water evaporates into the air.

disciplined

Statistics

stable

abstract

chokes

halts

n.

Chapter 07 55

Passages 25~28


01. Have you ever heard of like that?

① me speaking ② me to speak ③ for me to speak

02. He on the forehead.

① kissed his baby ② kissed in his baby ③ kissed to his baby

03. The child’s mother thanked me for for her son.

① what I will do ② what I have done ③ what I had done

04. The firefighers the tall building by the back door.

① entered ② entered to ③ entered into

05. I’m falling in love with myself, a wonderful feeling.

① who is ② that is ③ which is

06. We are looking forward to Rome.

① his returning ② to his returning ③ for him to return

07. Until now, planetary scientists for years over an apparent

contradiction on Mars.

① were puzzled ② have been puzzled ③ had puzzled

08. Many substantive ideas and proposals had been expressed,

he would follow up carefully.

① that ② what ③ which

09. “ ” is the past perfect form of “have” when it is used as a main

verb to describe our experiences and actions.

① Had ② Have had ③ Had had

10. He frees us from ill-will and fills us with kindness, every man

should follow with sweet hymns in his praise.

① whom ② what ③ that

Chapter 08


Passage 29_

Baby Signing

Passage 30_

The Remarkable Bee

Passage 31_

Scuba Diving in Boracay Islands

Passage 32_

Saturn

amino acid ··············································asteroid ····················································be composed of ····································be prone to -ing ···································bound ·······················································breath-taking ········································by instinct ···············································

cap off ······················································carbohydrate ·········································celestial ····················································challenging ············································

combine ···················································comet ·······················································

connection ··············································consistently ············································

deadly ······················································

defend ·····················································

distinguish A from B ···························drift ···························································drone ························································dwarf ························································enhance ···················································evaporate ···············································

experienced ···········································

expert ·······················································explore ·····················································exquisite ··················································eye-catching ··········································

frequency ················································grain ·························································

helium ······················································hemisphere ············································

hive ···························································

honeycomb ············································

immense ··················································in conjunction with ·····························

in particular ···········································

ingest ························································inquisitive ···············································

intriguing ················································invader ·····················································larva ··························································lay ······························································lifespan ····················································mimic ························································mimicry ····················································nectar ·······················································

Neptune ··················································

novice ·······················································order ·························································orientation ·············································

overall ······················································

participate ··············································pelagic ·····················································

pollen ·······················································

pouch ·······················································

protein ·····················································protrusion ···············································Saturn ·······················································saw ····························································

shark ·························································shattered ·················································speck ·························································sponge ·····················································

sterile ························································stimulus ···················································

stinger ······················································stunning ··················································

tempestuous ··········································terrestrial ················································

venom ······················································

vibration ··················································


아미노산

소행성

~으로구성되다

~하는경향이있다

반드시~하게되어있는

아슬아슬한

본능적으로

뚜껑을덮다

탄수화물

하늘의, 천체의

도전적인, 해볼 만한

결합시키다

혜성

연결, 관련성

시종일관, 모순 없이

독을품고있는, 치명적인

지키다, 보호하다

A와 B를구별하다

표류하다, 떠다니다

수벌

난쟁이

향상시키다, 고양하다

증발시키다

경험있는, 숙련된

전문가

탐험하다

절묘한, 훌륭한

눈길을끄는

횟수

알갱이

헬륨

(뇌의) 반구

꿀벌통

벌집

거대한

~와협력하여

특히

섭취하다

호기심많은

흥미를자아내는

침입자

애벌레 (pl. larvae)

(알을) 낳다, (~을) 놓다

수명

모방하다, 흉내내다

모방, 흉내

꽃꿀

해왕성

초심자, 신참자

순서, 명령, 주문, 정리

방향

종합적으로

참여하다

대양의, 원양에사는

꽃가루

주머니

단백질

돌출, 융기

토성

톱질하다, (침을) 쏘다

상어

부서진, 산산 조각난

작은조각, 입자

해면동물

자식을못낳는

자극 (pl. stimuli)

침, 가시

근사한, 멋진

소용돌이치는

흙의

독

진동

n.

58 Level 3-B

by instinct 본능적으로 mimic [mímik] 모방하다, 흉내내다 mimicry [mímikri] 모방, 흉내 expert [èksp‰;÷t] 전문가

oral [≤;rÂl] 구두의, 입의 overall [uv‰r≥;l] 종합적으로 enhance [inh®ns] 향상시키다, 고양하다

hemisphere [hèmisfì‰÷] (뇌의) 반구 stimuli [stímj‰lai] 자극 (stimulus의 복수형) in conjunction with ~와 협력하여

be prone to -ing ~하는 경향이 있다 connection [k‰nèk∫Ân] 연결, 관련성

By instinct babies try to mimic adults behaviors.

One form of mimicry that can be used as a

teaching and developmental tool by parents is

sign language. Child development experts are

recommending that parents teach their babies

how to sign so that they can communicate with

their babies even before those babies can speak.

Not only is signing thought to be a useful step in the direction toward full oral

communication, the process of signing itself can also help develop and improve

the overall capabilities of the brains of babies.

(A) The process of learning sign language enhances the development of the

baby’s brain. In the process of learning speech, information such as words is

stored in the brain’s left hemisphere. (B) In the process of learning sign

language, a baby must first recognize visual stimuli which are processed by the

right hemisphere, then transfer the knowledge or information about that sign to

the left hemisphere of the brain for storage and later reference. (C) Therefore,

the process of signing helps develop the capacity of a baby’s brain since the

connections between the left and right hemispheres of a baby’s brain are being

developed by this process.

(D) Recent studies have proven that babies who have learned sign language

have more well-developed language skills. The sign-trained children already

have the ability to remember words visually in conjunction with their real

meaning, so they are less prone to forgetting the meaning of words when they

start to learn to read. (E)


Chapter 08 59

1. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

① Most babies learn sign language before they learn how tospeak.

② Parents should learn sign language to communicate withthe babies.

③ Many adults with language skill problem didn’t learn signlanguage.

④ Sign language is usually not necessary when babies learn to speak.

⑤ Learning sign language helps babies’s brian development as they grow.

2. sign language에 대해 아이의 좌뇌와 우뇌가 하는 일들을 우리말로

설명하시오.

Info Scan

Analysis

3. (A)~(E) 중에서 다음 문장이 들어가기 적합한 곳은?Coherence

4. Explain why sign-trained children are less likely to forget the

meaning of words. (in Korean)

Detail

Aim High Reading

right hemisphere:

left hemisphere:

① (A) ② (B) ③ (C)

④ (D) ⑤ (E)

The stronger and larger these connections are made whenthey are little, the better they will be able to processinformation between the two hemispheres as they grow.

시각적인자극을인식하고그정보를좌뇌로보낸다.

받은 정보를저장하고이것을나중에사용한다.

단어들을시각적으로그의미와연결하여기억할수있는능력이있으므로

60 Level 3-B

1. 의사는내가다이어트를해야한다고제안했다. (go on a diet) → The doctor suggested that .

2. 그의말은그녀가지금떠나야한다고제안했다. → His words suggested that .


Child development experts are recommending that parents (should) teach theirbabies how to sign.

He insisted that she (should) pick him up at the airport.

He suggested that we (should) finish our report tomorrow. +

+

A baby must first recognize visual stimuli which are processed by the right

hemisphere, then transfer the knowledge or information about that sign to the left

hemisphere of the brain for storage and later reference.

어떤visual stimuli를말하는가?

Tips 제안, 요구, 명령, 주장 등의 동사(recommend, suggest, demand, insist, order, command 등) 다음에 that절이

오는 경우 <should＋원형동사>를 사용하는데 이 때의 should는 생략이 가능하다. 또는 should가 생략된 원형 상태의

동사를가정법동사라고도한다. 가정법현재동사는 3인칭단수의주어이더라도 s를붙이지않는다.

Grammar 조동사 should

Structure 형용사절의수식을받는 (동)명사

문장의 구조 주어 + 동사 + 목적어, then + 동사 + 목적어 + (전치사구) + (전치사구)

transfer는무엇을, 어디로이동을시키는것인가?

주어 →

동사 →

목적어 →

목적어 →

(전치사구) →

(전치사구) →

then + 동사 then→

→

어디로→

무엇을→

I (should) go on a diet

she leave now

which are processed by the right hemisphere

the knowledge or information about that sign

to the left hemisphere of the brain

A baby

must first recognizevisual stimuli which are processedby the right hemisphere

the knowledge or information aboutthat sign

to the left hemisphere of the brain

for storage and later reference

transfer

우뇌에서처리되는시각적인자극(해석)

Chapter 08 61

P a s s a g e 2 9


Writing 1. By instinct babies ~을흉내내려한다 adults behaviors.

5. They 잊어버리는경향이더적다 the meaning of words.

4. The sign-trained children already have the ability to remember words

visually 그진짜의미와연결하여.

3. The stronger and larger these connections are made, 그들은더욱잘

~하게될것이다 process information between the two hemispheres.

2. 몸짓은~라고생각될뿐아니라 to be a useful step, the process of signing

itself can also help develop and improve the capabilities of the

brains.

try to mimic

Not only is signing thought

the better they will be able to

in conjunction with their real meaning

are less prone to forgetting

62 Level 3-B

hive [haiv] 꿀벌통 lay [lei] (알을) 낳다 drone [droun] 수벌 stinger [stí\g‰÷] 침, 가시 sterile [stèril] 자식을 못 낳는

pollen [p£l‰n] 꽃가루 nectar [nèkt‰÷] 꽃꿀 protein [próuti;•n] 단백질 amino acid 아미노산

carbohydrate [k¢;÷bouháidreit] 탄수화물 honeycomb [h=nikòum] 벌집 cell [sel] (벌집의) 봉방

larva [l£;÷v‰] 애벌레 (pl. larvae) orientation [≥;rientèi∫Ân] 방향 frequency [frí;kw‰nsi] 횟수

defend [difènd] 지키다, 보호하다 saw [s∞;] 톱질하다, (침을) 쏘다 invader [invèid‰÷] 침입자 venom [vèn‰m] 독

pouch [paut∫] 주머니 contract [k‰ntr®kt] 수축하다

Between 20,000 and 60,000 bees live in a single hive. The queen bee’s main

activity is laying eggs, approximately 1,500 eggs a day and it lives for up to 2

years. The drone is the bee whose only job is to mate with her and has a lifespan

of around 24 days — they have no stinger. And the worker bees, all sterile

females, usually work to death, collecting pollen and nectar within 40 days in

summer. Worker bees fly up to 14 km (9 miles) to find pollen and nectar, flying

at 24 km/h (15 mph).

Pollen is the main source of protein and vitamins for bees, with the 10 amino

acids they require. Nectar is up to 80% sugar but less than 0.2% in protein, so

nectar is the carbohydrate supply for the hive. Bees place the nectar in

honeycomb cells and then evaporate the water from the nectar by rapid wing

movement. When the amount of water comes down to 20%, this is called honey

and the bees cap off the cells. A mixture of honey and pollen is called “bee

bread” and is the food for larvae and bees.

A worker bee communicates her floral findings by

performing a dance on the honeycomb. The

orientation of her wing movements and the frequency

of her vibrations indicate the direction and distance of

the flowers. The worker bees defend the hive. The

strong stinger quickly saws into the skin of the

invader and the venom pouch begins to contract

rhythmically to pump venom into the intruder.


Chapter 08 63

1. Which of the following is NOT true about honey bees?

① None of the bees can live longer than the queen bee.

② Worker bees are females and live longer than the drone.

③ The drone dies immediately after mating with the queen.

④ The majority of the bees are the drone and worker bees.

⑤ The drone does not have any venom to kill enemies.

2. 이 에 따라, 꿀을 구성하는 성분과 그 함량을 적절하게 쓰시오.

Info Scan

Analysis

3. 벌이 꽃의 위치를 알리기 위한 두 가지 신호를 우리말로 쓰시오. Analysis

4. 밑줄 친 contract와 바꾸어 쓸 수 있는 말은?

① pledge

② expand

③ inject

④ swallow

⑤ constrict

Vocabulary

Aim High Reading

: 약 %

:약 %

:약 %

80

0.2

20

날개의움직이는방향

날개를흔드는횟수

당

단백질

수분

64 Level 3-B

1. 그녀는인터넷을검색하는것을즐긴다. → She enjoys .

2. 나는이제부터열심히공부하기로결심했다. → I decided from now on.

3. 당신은라디오소리를줄이는것이꺼려지나요? → Would you ?


The venom pouch begins to contract rhythmically. (=begins contracting)

He is considering going abroad to study.

I decided to purchase the apartment.+

+

The worker bees, all sterile females, usually work to death, collecting pollen and

nectar within 40 days in summer.

The worker bees의동격구는?

Tips 목적어로 부정사만 취하는 동사는 agree, claim, decide, demand, expect, intend, pretend, promise, prove,

tend, want, wish, fail, proceed, manage, hesitate, afford, manage 등이고, 목적어로 동명사만 취하는 동사는

admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, finish, give up, mention, mind, miss,

postpone 등이다. 한편 목적어로 동명사와 부정사가 모두 올 수 있는 동사는 begin, continue, intend, like, love,

mean, plan, cease, endure, start 등이다.

→

Grammar 동사의목적어- to부정사와동명사

Structure 동격

문장의 구조 주어 + 동사 + (전치사구) + (분사구) + (전치사구)

일벌은무엇을하면서일을하는가?

→

주어 →

동사 →

(전치사구) →

(분사구) →

(전치사구) →

surfing the Internet

to study hard

mind turning the radio down

all sterile females

collecting pollen and nectar

The worker bees, all sterile females,

usually work

collecting pollen and nectar

within 40 days in summer

to death

Chapter 08 65

P a s s a g e 3 0


Writing 1. The queen bee’s main activity 알을낳는것이다, approximately 1,500

eggs a day.

2. The drone is the bee 그것의유일한일이짝짓기를하는것인 with her.

3. The worker bees, all sterile females, 일반적으로죽을때까지일한다,

collecting pollen and nectar.

4. When the amount of water ~까지로떨어지다 20%, this is called honey.

5. The strong stinger quickly saws into the skin of the invader and the

venom pouch begins to contract rhythmically 침입자에게독을주입하기

위해.

is laying eggs

whose only job is to mate

usually work to death

comes down to

to pump venom into the intruder

66 Level 3-B

breath-taking [bre^tèiki\] 아슬아슬한 snorkel [sn≤;÷kÂl] 스노클(잠수용 튜브)로 잠수하다 undercurrent [=nd‰÷kË;rÂnt] 해저류

drift [drift] 표류하다, 떠다니다 coral [k≤;r‰l] 산호 polyp [p£lip] 폴립; (군체를 이루는 산호 등의) 개체 ingest [ind,èst] 섭취하다

sponge [sp<nd,] 해면 동물 pelagic [pel®d,ik] 원양에 사는 barracuda [bær‰kù;dÂ] 창꼬치류(類)

protrusion [pro¨trù;,Ân] 돌출, 융기 bound [baund] 반드시 ~하게 되어 있는 butterfly fish 나비 물고기

inquisitive [inkwíz‰tiv] 호기심 많은 wrasse [ræs] 놀래기 damsel [d®mzÂl] 자리돔 tang [tæ\] 쥐돔

deadly [dèdli] 독을 품고 있는, 치명적인 stingray [stí\réi] 노랑가오리

Boracay, an island 315 km south of Manila, has consistently

been rated as having the best scuba diving sites in the world.

Not only can experienced divers find challenging and breath-

taking dive sites to test themselves, but there are also

numerous easier sites for those with no experience or for

those who wish to snorkel rather than scuba dive.

Experienced divers, who wish to explore top-rated dive sites, can visit such

areas as the Sibuyan Sea, Tablas, Romblon, Semirara and Laurel Island. In

particular Laurel Island has strong undercurrents surrounding it, making it

dangerous for novice divers but challenging for experienced divers. What

happens near Laurel Island is that the strong undercurrents allow skilled divers

to participate in what is known as drift diving, drifting along with the fast-

moving undercurrent. Also near Laurel Island, divers are likely to see brightly

colored yellow and orange coral polyps opening up fully so that they can ingest

plankton passing by in the fast moving water. In addition to coral, divers can see

huge sponges in many colors as well as numerous other pelagic fish such as

sharks and barracudas.

Boracay itself has excellent dive sites which offer challenges to divers with less

experience. One great site for divers to explore is Friday’s Rock, a great

protrusion of rocks from under the sea. It is home to brilliantly colored coral of

the hard and soft variety. Other fish you are bound to see are darting butterfly

fish, inquisitive wrasses, fast-moving damsels, playful blue tangs, and deadly

stingrays.


Chapter 08 67

1. Which is NOT mentioned as a reason for the popularity of

Boracay Islands?

① There are many scuba diving places for divers of varyingdiving skills.

② There are many islands where experts can enjoychallenging diving trips.

③ There are fascinating sea creatures to see under water nearthe islands.

④ People can have various choices among many islands forscuba diving.

⑤ There are various scuba diving lessons for less or nonexperienced people.

2. 밑줄 친 novice와 바꾸어 쓸 수 있는 표현을 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오.

Analysis

Vocabulary

3. What is Laurel Island NOT famous for among scuba divers?

① drift diving in fast undercurrents

② various types of coral with beautiful colors

③ big sponges with various colors

④ huge rocks that came from the deep sea

⑤ many different fish living deep in the sea

Analysis

4. Explain why coral polyps near Laurel Island are fully opened up?

(in Korean)

Detail

Aim High Reading

those with no experience

급류에떠내려가는플랑크톤을섭취하기위하여

68 Level 3-B

1. 우리는쓰레기를재활용할필요가있다. → It is necessary .

2. 휴대전화를또잃어버리다니너는참부주의했구나. → It was careless again.

3. 부자가천국에들어가는것은어렵다.

→ It is hard the kingdom of heaven.


One great site for divers to explore is Friday’s Rock.

It was rude of you to go away without a word.+

What happens near Laurel Island is that the strong undercurrents allow skilled

divers to participate in what is known as drift diving.

Tips to부정사가 의미상의 주어를 취할 경우가 있다. 부정사의 의미상의 주어로 <for＋목적격>을 쓰는 것이 원칙인데, 예외적으

로 <of＋목적격>을 쓰는 경우도 있다. 이 경우는 의미상의 주어 앞에 쓴 단어가‘kind, good, wise, foolish, nice’처

럼사람의성질(성품)을 나타내는형용사인경우이다.

주어 →

동사 →

보어절 →

Grammar to부정사의의미상주어

Structure what/if/whether가이끄는명사절

문장의 구조 주어 + 동사 + 보어절

강한해저류는 skilled divers가무엇에참여하도록해주는가?

(해석)

→

→

for us to recycle waste

of you to lose your cell phone

for a rich man to enter

what is known as drift diving

드리프트다이빙으로알려진것에참여하도록한다

What happens near Laurel Island

is

that the strong undercurrents ~ as drift diving

Chapter 08 69

P a s s a g e 3 1


Writing 1. There are also numerous easier sites 경험이없는사람들을위한 or for

those who wish to snorkel rather than scuba dive.

2. In particular Laurel Island has strong undercurrents surrounding it,

making it dangerous for novice divers but 숙련된다이버들에게는매력적이게.

3. What happens near Laurel Island is that the strong undercurrents

allow skilled divers to participate in 드리프트다이빙이라고알려진것.

4. Divers can see huge sponges in many colors ~뿐만아니라 numerous

other pelagic fish such as sharks and barracudas.

5. Other fish 여러분이꼭보게될 are darting butterfly fish, inquisitive

wrasses, and deadly stingrays.

for those with no experience

challenging for experienced divers

what is known as drift diving

as well as

you are bound to see

70 Level 3-B

celestial [silèst∫‰l] 하늘의, 천체의 moon [mu;n] (행성의) 위성 dwarf [dw∞;÷f] 난쟁이 terrestrial [t‰rèstri‰l] 흙의

stunning [st=ni\] 근사한, 멋진 intriguing [intrí;gi\] 흥미를 자아내는 be composed of ~으로 구성되다

helium [hí;li‰m] 헬륨 eye-catching [aik®t∫i\] 눈길을 끄는 exquisite [ikskwízit] 절묘한, 훌륭한

speck [spek] 작은 조각, 입자 comet [k£mit] 혜성 asteroid [®st‰r≥id] 소행성 tempestuous [tempèst∫u‰s] 소용돌이치는

The Solar System consists of the Sun and the other celestial objects: the eight

planets, the hundreds of moons, three dwarf planets including Pluto, and

millions of small bodies. In order of their distance from the Sun, the planets are

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

In broad terms, the planets can be divided into four

terrestrial or rocky inner planets including Earth and

four gas giant outer planets. And, with its stunning rings

and dozens of moons, Saturn is the most intriguing

among outer planets. Saturn is similar to Jupiter, Uranus

and Neptune since, like those outer planets, it is composed of two gases: helium

and hydrogen. On the other hand, it is unlike those planets because of its

fascinating and eye-catching rings. Saturn’s exquisite rings without a doubt are

what distinguish it from all the other planets in the Solar System.

Saturn has the most wide-ranging ring system in our Solar System, stretching

out hundreds of thousands of miles from the planet. The rings are composed of

billions of small specks, which are no bigger than a grain of salt, and billions of

huge pieces, which can be as big as a house, of ice and rock orbiting Saturn at

different speeds. The rocks come from shattered moons, comets and asteroids.

Each tiny or immense piece of ice or rock making up a ring, orbits the planet on

its own path.

The giant planet has a tempestuous atmosphere with winds which can reach

speeds of up to 1,800 km an hour. These hyper-speed winds, combined with

heat rising from within the planet’s interior, cause the yellow and gold bands

visible in its atmosphere.


Chapter 08 71

1. Which of the following is NOT true about Saturn?

① It is categorized into the outer planets of the Solar System.

② It is the biggest among the planets in the Solar System.

③ It is characterized by strong wind in a stormy atmosphere.

④ It is an outer planet that has wide rings and many moons.

⑤ It is mainly composed of the gases as outer planets.

2. inner planets와 outer planets의 차이점을 우리말로 쓰시오.

Info Scan

Analysis

3. Which of the following is NOT correct about Saturn’s rings?

① They extend hundreds of thousands of miles from theplanet.

② The components are in a variety of sizes.

③ The components are from broken bodies.

④ It is composed of grains of salt, ice and rock.

⑤ Each ring orbits the planet at varying speed.

Detail

4. Saturn의 노란색 또는 금색 띠의 원인으로 언급된 두 가지를 우리말로

쓰시오.

Analysis

Aim High Reading

inner planets:

outer planets:

토질이나암석으로구성

가스로구성

강한바람

내부열기

72 Level 3-B

1. All [ that / what ] I know is that I know nothing.

2. He always does [ that / what ] he believes is right.

3. [ That / What ] is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.

Quiz 다음괄호안에서알맞은것을고르시오.

Saturn’s exquisite rings are what distinguish it from all the other planets.

My best friend gave me what I wanted.

My best friend gave me the book that I wanted.+

+

The planets can be divided into four terrestrial or rocky inner planets including

Earth and four gas giant outer planets.

inner planets를수식하는말을모두쓰시오.

Tips 관계대명사 what은 who, which, that과는다른점이있는데, 그것은바로선행사를자체에포함하고있다는것이다.

→

Grammar 관계대명사 what

Structure 병렬


outer planets를수식하는말을모두쓰시오.

→

주어 →

동사 →

보어 →

(전치사구) →

four terrestrial or rocky / ( including Earth )

four gas giant

The planets

can be

divided

into ~ outer planets

/

/

Chapter 08 73

P a s s a g e 3 2


Writing 1. ~에서부터의거리순서로 the Sun, the planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth,

Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

2. Saturn’s exquisite rings 의심할여지없이 are what distinguish it from

all the other planets in the Solar System.

4. Each tiny or immense piece of ice or rock making up a ring, orbits

the planet 각자의궤도(길)로.

5. These hyper-speed winds, combined with heat rising from within

the planet’s interior, 노란금색의띠로보이게한다 in its atmosphere.

3. The rings are composed of billions of small specks, 그런데그것은

~보다더크지않다 a grain of salt, and billions of huge pieces, which

can be as big as a house.

In order of their distance from

without a doubt

which are no bigger than

on its own path

cause the yellow and gold bands visible

Review

74 Level 3-B



01. 초심자에게는위험하다 (dangerous)

02. 잊는경향이적다

03. ~의행동을흉내내다

04. 맥박의횟수 (pulse)

05. 남극대륙을탐험하다 (the Antarctic)

06. 토성을다른모든행성들과구별하다


01. A person or animal that is is unable to produce babies.

02. If you describe something as , you mean that it is extremely large

or great.

03. When animals or plants a substance, they take it into themselves,

for example by eating or absorbing it.

04. A(n) person likes finding out about things, especially secret things.

05. Something that is is extremely beautiful or pleasant, especially in a

delicate way.

06. My art style has been described as , eerie and, sometimes,

strangely attractive.

01. be prone to -ing

02. distinguish A from B

03. explore

04. exquisite

05. frequency

06. immense

07. ingest

08. inquisitive

09. intriguing

10. mimic

11. novice

12. sterile

~하는경향이있다

A와 B를구별하다

탐험하다

절묘한, 훌륭한

횟수, 빈도

거대한

섭취하다

호기심많은

흥미를자아내는

모방하다, 흉내내다

초심자, 신참자 (↔ expert 전문가)

자식을못낳는

be dangerous for a novice

be less prone to forgetting

mimic one’s behavior

the frequency of pulse

explore the Antarctic Continent

distinguish Saturn from all the other planets

sterile

immense

ingest

inquisitive

exquisite

intriguing

Chapter 08 75

Passages 29~32


01. It’s time like an intellectual.

① your acting ② of you to act ③ for you to act

02. I insisted that he as chairman. (사임해야한다고)

① had resigned ② should resign ③ would resign

03. It is often said that education makes us .

① that we are ② what we are ③ which we are

04. It will be helpful their happy life even a little.

① their to live ② of them to live ③ for them to live

05. Aesop’s fables teach humans their lives well.

① what to live ② how to live ③ how to living

06. She insisted that she me. (듣지 못했다고)

① should not hear ② has not heard ③ had not heard

07. You had better too much at night.

① avoid eating ② avoid to eat ③ to avoid eating

08. It was wise the company’s offer.

① your refusing ② of you to refuse ③ for you to refuse

09. This year they all the fantastic content.

① gave up creation ② gave up creating ③ gave up to create

10. When doing anything, just focus on you are doing.

① what ② that ③ which

Chapter 09


Passage 33_

Math Naturals

Passage 34_

Crystals

Passage 35_

The Language of Weight Control

Passage 36_

Christmas to Come Together

aid ······························································

appliance ················································

archeological ·········································

archeologist ···········································

around the corner ·······························

be supposed to ·····································

carve ·························································

complicate ··············································

confusion ················································

date back ················································

dedicated ················································

distraction ···············································

extensively ··············································

fallout ······················································

festering ··················································

gene ··························································

genius ·······················································

get rid of ·················································

hallway ····················································

heal ···························································

ill-will ························································

imply ·························································

inevitable ················································

instinct ·····················································

intensify ···················································

internal ····················································

meditation ··············································

orderly ·····················································

originate ·················································

potentially ··············································

prehistoric ···············································

property ··················································

psychologist ···········································

purpose ····················································

quartz ·······················································

resist ··························································

result in ····················································

ritual ·························································

scatter ······················································

smirk ·························································

split ···························································

squabble ··················································

subconscious ··········································

subtract ····················································

value ·························································

worn-out ·················································


도움(을 주다)

기구, 장치

고고학적인

고고학자

바로근처의

~하기로되어있다

조각하다, 새기다

복잡하게하다

혼란

거슬러올라가다

특정한목적을위한

주의산만

광범위하게

악 향, 부산물

염증을일으키는

유전자

천재

~을제거하다

복도

치유하다

악의

함축하다, 의미하다

피할수없는, 불가피한

직관, 본능

~의도를더하다

내부의, 내면적인

명상

순서있게, 정연하게

유래하다, 시작하다

혹시, 잠재적으로

선사시대의

특징, 특성

심리학자

목적, 용도

수정

저항하다, 향받지않다

~의결과를낳다

의식, 행사

흩어지다

능 맞게웃다

쪼개진, 분할된

사소한말다툼

잠재의식의

빼다, 감하다

가치, 값

닳아빠진, 낡은

v.

78 Level 3-B

too ~ to do 너무 ~하여 …할 수 없다 subtract [s‰btr®kt] 빼다, 감하다 instinct [ínsti\t] 직관, 본능

psychologist [saik£l‰d,ist] 심리학자 affect [‰fèkt] 향을 미치다 split [split] 쪼개진, 분할된

kindergartner [kínd‰÷g¢;÷tn‰÷] 유치원생, 원아 hallway [h≤;lwéi] 복도 distraction [distr®k∫Ân] 주의 산만

It’s probably too much to say that kids are

natural math geniuses. But researchers feel

that it is safe to say that kids can solve

some math problems even without

knowing how to add or subtract. By using

their instincts to estimate values, kids can

avoid the confusion of exact calculations.

Some psychologists recently tested kids from a variety of backgrounds to make

sure that wealth or level of education didn’t affect the results.

In the first study, 20 of 5 to 6-year-olds from wealthy, well-educated families sat

in front of computers that showed a split computer screen which displayed a

boy’s face on one side and a girl’s face on the other. Above the girl’s face was a

bag with the number 21 printed on it. The screen read, “She has 21 candies.”

Then the picture of the girl changed. Above her was a bag with the number 30

on it. The screen read, “She gets 30 more candies.” Above the picture of the boy

was a bag marked 34. The screen read, “He has 34 candies.” Now, kids were

asked “Who has more?” Nearly three-quarters of kindergartners got the answer

right. If the kids had just guessed who had more candies, only half of them

would have been correct.

For the second experiment, the scientists tested 37 kindergartners from poor and

middle-class families. The kids had to answer questions in a hallway outside

their school classroom, where it was very noisy, to see if more distractions than

in the first study could affect the result. Still, more than 75% of these kids got

the answers right.


Chapter 09 79

1. Which of the following is correct?

① The kids from well-educated families got a better result on the test.

② Kindergartners from poor families got the lowest scores in theexperiment.

③ Half of the kindergartners in both experiments got the correctanswer.

④ All the kindergartners have gotten the same math problems in the test.

⑤ It has turned out that many of the kindergartners just guessedthe answer.

2. Why does the author mention the possible result of mere guesses?

① to make sure that the kids weren’t cheating on each other on the test

② to point out that the result was higher than researchers hadthought

③ to emphasize that the kindergartners didn’t just guess the answer

④ to show how intelligent those kids from well-educated families are

⑤ to compare the result with the result from the regularkindergartners

Info Scan

Inference

3. 두 번째 실험의 환경이 첫 번째 실험의 다른 점과 그 이유를 우리말로 설명

하시오.

Analysis

4. 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 넣어 이 의 실험을 요약하시오.Summary

Aim High Reading

다른환경:

그이유:

Regardless of , kids can use

to estimate values without .

더시끄러운복도에서시험을치름

주의를산만하게하는요소들이결과에 향을미치는지를알아보기위해서

their backgrounds their instincts

knowing how to calculate

80 Level 3-B

1 . 우리가조금더일찍일어났더라면비행기를탈수있었을것이었다. (catch the plane)

→ If we had got up earlier, we .

2. 만약그가안전벨트를착용하지않고있었더라면그는심하게부상을입었을것이다. (wear a seat belt)

→ He would have been seriously injured a seat belt.

3. 만약클레오파트라의코가조금만더낮았더라면, 세계의역사는바뀌었을것이다. (Cleopatra, short)

→ , the whole face of the earth would have changed.


If the kids had just guessed who had more candies, only half of them wouldhave been correct.

If it had not snowed, we could have climbed the mountain. +

20 of 5 to 6-year-olds from wealthy, well-educated families sat in front of

computers that showed a split computer screen which displayed a boy’s face on

one side and a girl’s face on the other.

computers는어떤컴퓨터들인가?

Tips 가정법 과거완료는 과거 사실의 반대를 상상하는 표현이다. 가정법 과거완료의 조건절에는 <과거완료(had＋과거분사)>를

쓰고, 주절에는 <조동사의과거형＋have＋과거분사>를 쓴다.

→

Grammar 가정법과거완료


screen은어떤스크린인가?

→

문장의 구조 주어 + 동사 + (전치사구) + (관계사절) + (관계사절)

20란어떤아이들인가?

(해석)→

주어 →

동사 →

(전치사구) →

(관계사절) →

(관계사절) →

could have caught the plane

if he hadn’t been wearing

If Cleopatra’s nose had been shorter

5 to 6-year-olds from wealthy,well-educated families

showed a split computer screen

displayed a boy’s face on one side and a girl’s face on the other

20 of 5 to 6-year-olds fromwealthy, well-educated families

sat

that showed a split computer screen

which displayed a boy’s face on one

side and a girl’s face on the otherin front of computers

교육받은부유한가정의 5~6세 아이들 20명

Chapter 09 81

P a s s a g e 3 3


Writing

2. But researchers feel that it is safe to say that kids can solve some

math problems even 더하거나빼는방법을알지못하고서.

1. ~라고말하면너무지나칠것이다 that kids are natural math geniuses.

3. 소녀의얼굴위에는가방이있었다 with the number 21 printed on it.

4. 그스크린에는쓰여있었다, “She gets 30 more candies.”

5. The kids had to answer questions in a hallway ~인지아닌지알아보기위

해서 more distractions than in the first study could affect the result.

It’s probably too much to say

without knowing how to add or subtract

Above the girl’s face was a bag

The screen read

to see if

82 Level 3-B

date back 거슬러 올라가다 orderly [≤;÷d‰÷li] 순서 있게, 정연하게 internal [intÁ;÷nl] 내부의

prehistoric [prì;¶ist≤;rik] 선사시대의 quartz [kw∞;÷ts] 수정 Winter Solstice 동지(점)

archeological [£;÷ki£l‰d,ikÂl] 고고학적인 extensively [ikstènsivli] 광범위하게 carve [k°;÷v] 조각하다, 새기다

meditation [méd‰tèi∫Ân] 명상 originate [‰ríd,‰néit] 유래하다, 시작하다

The history of crystal dates back thousands of years to Mesopotamian times. As

we study history we find crystals were in use for other purposes than jewelry.

Crystals make beautiful jewelry because by definition they have an orderly

internal structure that is reflected by light. Furthermore, it is believed that

specific crystals can aid specific physical and mental health problems. All we

have to do is place them near us to get these health benefits. Lastly, there has

always been a strong spiritual connection with crystals which is partly related to

both their beauty and their mental health benefits.

In Boyne Valley in Ireland, there is an

ancient grave, which is older than the

pyramids, built by prehistoric people.

The grave is a kind of solar temple

which has a roof covered in white quartz,

representing the White Goddess. It was

built to allow the sun to shine through on

the Winter Solstice. There has also been archeological evidence that crystals

were used by the Egyptians. Archeologists have concluded that crystals were

extensively used for numerous purposes, including spiritual purposes in North,

Central, and South America. In Asia, quartz has a long tradition of being carved

and admired for its beauty. The heart of the dragon which in Asian tradition is

admired for its wisdom and intelligence is frequently represented by a crystal

ball. Lastly, ancient India also has a rich tradition of using crystals. Indians were

the first to place crystals on the body for healing and meditation purposes. This

is where the idea of using crystals for their energy giving properties originated.


Chapter 09 83

1. Which of the following can be the best topic of the passage?

① ancient evidence of using crystals in structures

② the origin of using crystals as meditation purpose

③ the spiritual power of crystals in prehistoric religions

④ ancient proofs of using crystals for various purposes

⑤ ancient nations where crystals were greatly respected

2. What are the three main purposes of crystals in ancient times?

(in Korean)

Info Scan

Analysis

3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

① There is a lack of proof for using crystals in ancient times.

② Crystals were not very popular in some ancient civilizations.

③ The use of crystals was not limited to particular cultures.

④ Only people in certain hierarchy benefited from crystals.

⑤ Most crystals were mined in countries in Europe andAmerica.

Inference

4. 밑줄 친 properties와 바꾸어 쓸 수 있는 말은?

① structures ② assets

③ qualities ④ substance

⑤ jewels

Vocabulary

Aim High Reading

보석, 장신구의목적

치료또는명상의목적

종교적인목적

84 Level 3-B

1. I decided to study hard from now on. < >

2. What I really wanted to do was to gain honor from other people. < >

3. The best we can do is to help them to get rid of the oil from the sea. < >

Quiz 다음문장의밑줄친 to의생략가능여부를쓰시오.

All we have to do is (to) place them near us to get these health benefits.

All we did was (to) say hello to them.+

The heart of the dragon which in Asian tradition is admired for its wisdom and

intelligence is frequently represented by a crystal ball.

Tips be동사다음에보어로 to부정사가오는경우 to를생략하기도한다. 주어 부분에 do동사가나오는경우에특히그렇다.

Grammar to부정사의 to 생략


문장의 구조 주어 + (관계사절) + 동사 + 보어 + (전치사구)

무엇이, 어디서, 무엇때문에동경의대상이되었나?

어디서→

무엇 때문에→

무엇이→

주어 →

(관계사절) →

동사 →

보어 →

(전치사구) →

생략불가

생략불가 / 생략가능

생략가능 / 생략가능

the dragon

in Asian tradition

for its wisdom and intelligence

The heart of the dragonwhich in Asian tradition is admiredfor its wisdom and intelligence

frequently represented

by a crystal ball

is

Chapter 09 85

P a s s a g e 3 4


Writing 1. The history of crystal 거슬러올라간다 thousands of years to

Mesopotamian times.

3. 우리가해야하는모든것은 is place them near us to get these health

benefits.

2. As we study history we find crystals were ~로사용되는 other

purposes than jewelry.

4. It was built 태양이비출수있도록 through on the Winter Solstice.

5. 여기가~한곳이다 the idea of using crystals for their energy giving

properties originated.

dates back

in use for

All we have to do

to allow the sun to shine

This is where

86 Level 3-B

internal [intÁ;÷nl] 내부의, 내면적인 sub-conscious [s<bk£n∫Âs] 잠재의식의 weight [weit] 체중

inevitable [inèvit‰bÂl] 피할 수 없는, 불가피한 bound [baund] ~하지 않을 수 없는, 꼭 ~하게 되어 있는

imply [implái] 함축하다, 의미하다 worn-out [w∞;÷naut] 닳아빠진, 낡은 get rid of ~을 제거하다

When we program a computer, we are telling it exactly what we want it to do.

And it will do exactly what we want it to do. It is exactly the same with humans

and every day you are programming yourself even if you don’t know it.

Whenever you tell yourself something about your expectations and goals, you

are programming your internal, sub-conscious computer. If you look at your

class schedule and say, “Math is hard. I hate it,”

sure enough you won’t do well in math. You’ve

programmed your brain to think that it’s too hard

for you, so you have almost no chance of ever

succeeding at math.

Do you often tell people that you are trying to lose

weight? When you say you are trying that means

that you aren’t actually doing it. It means that you

are only trying. When you say something like this,

it is inevitable that you will fail.

The word ‘lose’ is also bound to lead you to failure if you go around telling

others that “I am trying to lose weight.” The word ‘lose’ implies that you want

to find whatever has been lost. Do you want to find your lost weight? Not

really. But what is happening is that your subconscious is being programmed to

accept failure.

So what should you say when you have old, worn-out clothes that you no longer

wear? Or what do you do with them? You GET RID OF them. Why not try

doing the same thing with your weight? Say “ ”


Chapter 09 87

1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?

① Our mind is programmed to do what it desires to do.

② Our mind functions only when the command is precise.

③ Our mind avoids things that are beyond what it can do.

④ Our mind is designed to accept what is considered easy.

⑤ Our mind is directed exactly by what is said or thought.

2. try to lose weight에서 try와 lose라는 말의 문제점이 무엇인지

우리말로 쓰시오.

Info Scan

Analysis

3. 빈칸에 살을 빼고자 할 때 해야 할 말을 문으로 쓰시오. Detail

4. 밑줄 친 sub-conscious computer와 같은 뜻으로 본문에 사용된

단어들을 모두 쓰시오.

Vocabulary

Aim High Reading

try:

lose:

실제로하고있는것이아니라하려고한다는뜻이다.

다시찾겠다는뜻을내포하고있다.

I will get rid of my weight.

yourself

your brain

88 Level 3-B

1. 그는겨우 21살이지만그는이미세계적인명성을얻었다. (achieve)

→ He’s only 21, but he worldwide fame.

2. 그비행기는방금김포국제공항에서이륙했다. (take off)

→ The plane from Gimpo International Airport.

3. 과학자들은오존층이더엷어져가고있다는것을알아차렸다. (get thinner)

→ Scientist have noticed that the ozone layer .


Do you want to find whatever has been lost? 결과

I have just finished my work. 완료

I have lived here for ten years. 계속

Have you ever read this book? 경험+

+

+

When we program a computer, we are telling it exactly what we want it to do.

Tips 현재완료는 어의 12시제 중 하나로 <haveOhasP＋과거분사>로 나타낸다. 현재완료는 현재를 기준으로 해서 과거에 일

어난 일이 현재까지 향을 미칠 때 사용한다. 현재완료에는‘결과, 완료, 계속, 경험’의 4가지 의미가 있다. 현재완료는 과

거를표현하는어구나의문사 when과함께쓰일수없다.

Grammar 현재완료


문장의 구조 (부사절) + 주어 + 동사 + 간접목적어 + (부사) + 직접목적어

누구에게무엇을말하는가?

무엇을→

누구에게→

(부사절) →

주어 →

동사 →

간접목적어 →

(부사) →

직접목적어 →

has already achieved

has just taken off

has been getting thinner

it(a computer)

what we want it to do

밑줄친두개의 it이가리키는대상은?

→ a computer

When we program a computer

we

are telling

it

exactly


Chapter 09 89

P a s s a g e 3 5


Writing

2. You ~의기회를거의가질수없다 ever succeeding at math.

1. It will do exactly 우리가그것에게하기를원하는것.

4. The word ‘lose’ 또한어쩔수없이~를이끌게되어있다 you to failure.

3. When you 이런것을말하다, it is inevitable that you will fail.

5. But 일어나고있는일은 is that your subconscious is being

programmed to accept failure.


have almost no chance of

say something like this

is also bound to lead

what is happening

90 Level 3-B

as far as ~하는 한(에서는) dedicated [dèdikéitid] 특정한 목적을 위한 gene [d,i;n] 유전자 all of a sudden 갑자기

around the corner 바로 근처의 scatter [sk®t‰÷] 흩어지다 festering [fèst‰÷i\] 염증을 일으키는

be supposed to ~하기로 되어 있다 smirk [sm‰;÷k] 능 맞게 웃다 intensify [intèns‰fài] ~의 도를 더하다

fallout [f≤;làut] 악 향, 부산물 sore [s∞;÷] 아픈, 쓰라린 appliance [‰plái‰ns] 기구, 장치 resist [rizíst] 향받지 않다

Christmas comes once a year, but as far as commercial

interests and town centres are concerned, you can safely

say that about two months a year are dedicated to it. With

families chasing their careers all over the country, it’s often

difficult to get to know the people we share most of our

genes with. All of a sudden Christmas is around the corner.

It’s probably one of the few times of the year when people get to meet and catch

up — especially now families are scattered all over the country. And it is quite

common that festering ill-will for an aunt, an uncle or whomever

. How is Theresa supposed to react to a smirking

uncle who wonders why a 35-year-old woman isn’t married yet? Yes, Christmas

is a time for spread-out families to come together and meet, but it’s also a

potentially dangerous situation and family members often intensify their

fallouts with each other during this time of year.

And the Christmas gift giving ritual can further complicate existing squabbles.

We share our genes with these people, but still how are we to know what the

perfect gift is? Whatever you buy for your aunt, it can be a potentially sore

point for her. How can we possibly know what color she hates or what kitchen

appliances she uses? This whole process results in what might be considered a

type of ‘writer’s block.’ The writer cannot write out of fear that he has nothing

to say and the gift giver cannot buy out of fear that the gift will say “I know

nothing about you!” So we walk around the city, looking into windows and

resisting the calls of saleswomen. We are blocked up!


Rwriter’s block 작가의블록현상 ( 쓰는 사람들에게오는슬럼프)

Chapter 09 91

1. Which of the following is the main idea of the article?

① Family members should avoid any possible argument onChristmas.

② People need to be cautious when preparing gifts for familymembers.

③ Christmas can be a miserable time of the year for some people.

④ Christmas should be the most memorable family gathering ofyear.

⑤ The true meaning of Christmas has been distorted as timepasses.

2. 내용의 흐름상 빈칸에 알맞은 말은?

① can be eased to some degree

② can be discussed with family

③ is ignored during Christmas

④ can come to the surface

⑤ helps improve family relations

Info Scan

Coherence

3. 밑줄 친 We are blocked up!의 원인으로 언급된 것을 우리말로 설명하시오.Analysis

4. 밑줄 친 squabbles와 바꾸어 쓸 수 있는 말은?

① families ② quarrels

③ holidays ④ relationships

⑤ gifts

Vocabulary

Aim High Reading

선물을받을사람이어떤것을좋아하는지모르기때문에

This whole process results in what might be considered a type of ‘writer’s block.’

92 Level 3-B

1. 나는그들이오늘밤우리파티에올지궁금하다. → I wonder to our party tonight.

2. 그는그녀의아버지가어떻게생겼는지와그녀의어머니가돌아가신지얼마나되었는지알고싶어했다.

→ He wanted to know what her father was like and .


But still how are we to know what the perfect gift is?

How can we possibly know what color she hates or what kitchen appliancesshe uses?

I don’t know ifOwhetherPhe is a student.+

이모든과정이무엇으로끝날수있는가?

Tips 독립된 의문문(직접의문문)이 다른 문장의 일부가 되어 절을 이루어서 간접적인 의문형식이 되는 것을 간접의문문이라고 한

다. 간접의문문에는 의문사가 없는 경우와 의문사가 있는 경우가 있다. 의문사가 없을 경우에는 <ifOwhetherP+주어+동사

>, 의문사가있는경우에는 <의문사＋주어＋동사>의어순이된다.

→

주어 →

동사 →

목적어 →

Grammar 간접의문문


문장의 구조 주어 + 동사 + 목적어

Rresult in을구동사로간주하여 3형식의문장으로본다.

ifOwhetherPthey will come

how long her mother had been dead

what might be considered a type of ‘writer’s block’

This whole process

results in

what might be considered a type of ‘writer’s block’

Chapter 09 93

P a s s a g e 3 6


Writing 1. You ~라고안전하게O`틀림없이`P말할수있다 that about two months a year

are dedicated to it.

2. All of a sudden Christmas 모퉁이에와있다.

3. Christmas is a time 흩어져있던가족들이함께모여서 and meet.

4. 무엇을사든지간에 for your aunt, it can be a potentially sore point for her.

5. The gift giver ~라는두려움으로살수없다 that the gift will say “I know

nothing about you!”

can safely say

is around the corner

for spread-out families to come together

Whatever you buy

cannot buy out of fear

Review

94 Level 3-B



01. 가전제품

02. 10에서 7을빼다

03. 선사시대의사람들

04. ~의목적으로, ~을위해

05. 죽음은피할수없다.

06. 이상자는너무무거워서들어올릴수없다.


01. Total concentration is required with no .

02. is the inherent disposition of a living organism toward a particular

behavior.

03. study the remains left behind by people in the past.

04. When something or when someone it, it begins to

happen or exist.

05. If something to a particular time, it started or was made at that

time.

06. is a discipline in which the mind is focused on an object of

thought or awareness.

01. appliance

02. archeologist

03. date back

04. distraction

05. inevitable

06. instinct

07. meditation

08. originate

09. prehistoric

10. purpose

11. subtract

12. too ~ to do

기구, 장치

고고학자

(시간을) 거슬러올라가다

주의산만

피할수없는, 불가피한

직관, 본능

명상

유래하다, 시작하다

선사시대의

목적, 용도

빼다, 감하다

너무~하여…할수없다

home appliances

subtract 7 from 10

prehistoric people

forOwithPthe purpose of

Death is inevitable.

This stone is too heavy (for me) to lift.

distractions

Instinct

Archaeologists

originates

dates back

Meditation

originates

Chapter 09 95

Passages 32~36


01. If we by car, we would have saved time.

① went ② had gone ③ have gone

02. My best friend China. So, he isn’t here.

① has been to ② has gone to ③ had gone to

03. or not is up to you.

① If you will do it ② What you will do it ③ Whether you will do it

04. What he’s done the whole thing.

① spoil ② is to spoil ③ to spoil

05. If I longer legs, I’d be able to run faster at the race.

① had ② have ③ had had

06. My brother a car before.

① will never drive ② has never driven ③ was never driving

07. What you have to do for her to come to see you.

① is wait ② be waited ③ be waiting

08. the meaning of this word is?

① What you think ② Do you think what ③ What do you think

09. If he had helped us, we this project.

① would finish ② would be finished ③ would have finished

10. No one really knows the dinosaurs.

① that happened to ② what happened to ③ whether happened to

Chapter 10


Passage 37_

Anti-Social Behavior

Passage 38_

Emotions Controlling Inner Peace

Passage 39_

Furniture Designer on the Cutting Edge

Passage 40_

How to Make Your Own Weather Vane

acknowledge ·········································adjustment ·············································

alternatively ···········································approximately ·······································arrangement ··········································as a consequence of ····························aside from ···············································block out ·················································broom ······················································

burdensome ···········································carpentry ·················································controversial ··········································craftsman ················································creep ·························································decry ·························································fence ·························································flat ·····························································for generations ·····································functionalism ·········································glue ···························································harassment ·············································horizontal ···············································intense ·····················································

intrigue ····················································lozenge ····················································mechanics ···············································

mediate ···················································

minimize ·················································

nuisance ··················································

obligation ···············································observe ····················································

on edge ···················································

out-of-place ···········································

pervasive ·················································

post ···························································

precise ······················································put up with ············································

respectful ················································revolutionary ·········································routine ·····················································sanity ························································

slit ······························································spin ····························································subconscious ··········································take action ·············································

the former ··············································the latter ·················································tip ······························································

tremendous ············································triangular ················································unsympathetic ······································

upholstery ···············································uplifted ····················································victim ························································victimize ··················································

weather vane ········································

weigh ~ down ·······································width ························································

woe ···························································

wooden ···················································

woodworking ········································wreck ························································


인정하다

조정, 조절

대안으로

대략

배열

~의결과로

~은별도로하고

~을차단하다

빗자루

성가신, 부담이되는

목수일, 목수직

논쟁의대상인, 논쟁의

장인(匠人), 공예가

천천히다가오다

헐뜯다, 비방하다

울타리

평평한

여러세대동안

기능주의, 실용주의

붙이다, 접착시키다

괴로움, 골칫거리

수평의, 가로의

열정적인, 열심인

흥미를자아내다

마름모

역학

중재하다, 화해시키다

최소화하다

성가심, 귀찮음

의무

관찰하다

안절부절못하는

부적절한

퍼지는, 널리 미치는

말뚝, 기둥

정 한, 엄 한

~을참다

경의를표하는

혁명적인

일상적인, 판에 박힌

제정신

틈새, 흠

돌리다, 회전시키다

잠재의식적인

조치를취하다

전자

후자

조언

엄청난

삼각형의

매정한, 동정심이없는

(가구) 장식품

높아진, 향상된

희생자

희생시키다

풍향계

~를침울하게하다

두께

비애, 비통

나무로만든

목세공, 목공예

파멸, 파괴

98 Level 3-B

define [difáin] 정의하다 controversial [k¢ntr‰vÁ;÷∫Âl] 논쟁의 대상인, 논쟁의 on the one hand 한편

decry [decry] 헐뜯다, 비방하다 on the other hand 또 다른 한편 harassment [h®r‰sm‰nt] 괴로움, 골칫거리

for generations 여러 세대 동안 nuisance [n∆ù;sÂns] 성가심, 귀찮음 victimize [víktimàiz] 희생시키다

alternatively [∞;ltÁ;÷n‰tivli] 대안으로 make a difference 향을 미치다 tremendous [trimènd‰s] 엄청난

take action 조치를 취하다

Any given society by definition must have

rules of behavior which define what is

socially acceptable. While many people

today say that our society is becoming more

anti-social, the issue is still controversial.

On the one hand, when people decry anti-social behavior these days, they are

really saying that the rules of acceptable or ‘social’ behavior seem to be

changing and that they don’t like the new rules. This line of thinking may lead

us to say that young people are no longer as respectful of their elders and thus

they are being anti-social.

On the other hand, it can be argued that anti-social behavior is not increasing,

but it is merely being acknowledged more and more. This may be related to the

fact that people don’t put up with things that they used to think were normal.

For instance, in general women no longer stand for certain types of harassment

endured by them for generations.

Anti-social behavior by definition has a broad range. It can be anything from

serious harassment from a close one to nuisances brought on by anti-social

neighbours. When the anti-social behavior of others victimizes us, we must not

blame ourselves but get help. The worst thing any victim can do is to keep his

or her victimization to himself or herself. Alternatively, victims of anti-social

behavior can talk to others. A person from outside can look at the situation with

fresh eyes. Support, encouragement and tips from others can also make a

tremendous difference. And, they can also help you decide whether to take

action or not.


Chapter 10 99

1. Which of the following is NOT true about anti-social behavior?

① Every society has its own rules of being social and anti-social.

② Being social means the behaviors are accepted by society.

③ The range of social or anti-social behavior can be very broad.

④ It is important not to keep it to yourself when you are victimized.

⑤ The victim of every anti-social behavior should be compensated.

2. 사회적이지 않은 사람들이 늘어났다는 것에 대한 두 가지 다른 견해를

설명하시오.

Info Scan

Analysis

3. Why does the author recommend talking to others when you are

victimized? (in Korean)

Analysis

4. 밑줄 친 put up with와 같은 뜻으로 사용된 단어 두 개를 본문에서 찾아

쓰시오.

Vocabulary

Aim High Reading

사회적이라는관례나정의가바뀌었다.

비사회적인부분이더많이인정되고있다.

상황을신선한눈으로볼수있다.

지원, 격려, 조언들이효과를가져올수있다.

조치를취해야할지에대한결정을돕는다.

stand for

endure

100 Level 3-B

1. He has a lovely daughter who is called Pam. < >

2. This is the man about whom I was speaking. < >

3. The house which he lives in is very large. < >

4. Of those who were invited only a few came to the party. < >

Quiz 다음문장에서생략할수있는곳을찾아쓰시오.

Women no longer stand for certain types of harassment (which were) enduredby them for generations.

It can be anything from serious harassment from a close one to nuisances brought

on by anti-social neighbours.

Tips 주격관계대명사를단독으로생략할수는없지만, <주격 관계대명사＋be동사>는 한꺼번에생략할수있다. be동사다음에

-ible, -able로끝나는형용사가오거나, 형용사구또는분사(현재분사또는과거분사)가 온 경우에가능하다.

Grammar <주격관계대명사+ be동사>의생략


문장의 구조 주어 + 동사 + 보어 + (전치사구) + (전치사구)

anything은어떤것에서어떤것까지인가?

어떤 것까지→

어떤 것에서→

(전치사구) →

(전치사구) →

주어 →

동사 →

보어 →

who is

which

없음

who were

serious harassment from a close one

nuisances brought on by anti-social neighbours

It

can be

from serious harassment from a close one

to nuisances brought on by anti-

social neighboursanything

Chapter 10 101

P a s s a g e 3 7


Writing 1. Any given society by definition must have rules of behavior which

define 무엇이사회적으로받아들여질수있는지.

2. They are really saying that the rules of acceptable or ‘social’

behavior 바뀌고있는것같다.

3. Women no longer stand for certain types of harassment 그들에의해

여러세대동안견뎌져왔던.

5. They can also help you decide 조치를취할것인지아닌지.

4. 희생자가할수있는가장나쁜것은 is to keep his or her victimization to

himself or herself.

what is socially acceptable

seem to be changing

endured by them for generations

The worst thing any victim can do

whether to take action or not

102 Level 3-B

unsympathetic [>nsimp‰^ètik] 매정한, 동정심이 없는 routine [ru;tí;n] 일상적인, 판에 박힌

burdensome [bÁ;÷dns‰m] 성가신, 부담이 되는 obligation [¢bl‰gèi∫Ân] 의무 on edge 안절부절 못하는

woe [wou] 비애, 비통 financial ruin 재정적 파산 uplifted [<plíftid] 높아진, 향상된 weigh ~ down ~를 침울하게 하다

sanity [s®n‰ti] 제정신 pervasive [p‰÷vèisiv] 퍼지는, 널리 미치는 creep [kri;p] 천천히 다가오다

mediate [mí;diéit] 중재하다, 화해시키다 block out ~을 차단하다 wreck [rek] 파멸, 파괴

Stressed by unsympathetic bosses and routine but burdensome family

obligations we feel on edge. And then as we commute between our families and

our jobs, we listen to the news of the woes of environmental destruction,

financial ruin and murderous criminal activity. Just when we need to be

emotionally uplifted, we get weighted down with more worries.

You wouldn’t want these things to

weigh you down any longer. The

key to maintaining your sanity

throughout the day is to minimize

the news the media throws at you.

Yes, the media is all-pervasive,

creeping in wherever you are,

entering your space when you turn

on your computer, your TV, your radio, or when you open up the daily

newspaper. (A) Since there is no way you don’t turn these things on or open

them up forever, you have to take control of your mind. (B) You cannot afford

the emotional trouble of renting out space in your head to the mass media. (C)

What you truly need to do is to find some inner peace. You should sit back,

mediate and get rid of the emotions of jealousy, desire, anger and hate, which

are in your subconscious mind. (D) To do that you must realize that you are not

perfect and neither is anyone else. If you think your boss wants a perfect report

or your family wants a perfect holiday, you feel more stress and strain. And you

will never be able to find that inner peace you desire. (E)


Chapter 10 103

1. 의 흐름상 다음 주어진 문장이 들어가기 가장 적절한 곳은?

2. List the three main sources of stress mentioned in this passage.

(in Korean)

Coherence

Analysis

3. What is recommended to control subconscious emotions? (in Korea)Detail

4. According to the passage which of the following is NOT correct?

① Controlling the news from the media is one way to reducestress.

② Relaxation and meditation can help you relieve your stress.

③ It is impossible to get rid of the media completely in your daily life.

④ Complete inner peace can be obtained by blocking out thenews.

⑤ Jealousy, desire, anger and hate could be in yoursubconsciousness.

Info Scan

Aim High Reading

① (A) ② (B) ③ (C)

④ (D) ⑤ (E)

Even if you block out the emotions the media is throwing atyou, you might feel you are becoming an emotional wreck.

직장의매정한상사

가족에대한일상적이지만성가신의무

불행한뉴스들

자신을포함한모든사람들이완벽하지않다는것을인식하는것

104 Level 3-B

1. Put on your hat. →

2. He used to take off his socks when he came back home.

→

3. You should try to turn off the light whenever you go out.

→

Quiz 다음밑줄친부분을대명사로바꾸어다시쓰시오

You wouldn’t want these things to weigh you down no longer.

You turn on your computer, or your TV, or your radio.

Stressed by unsympathetic bosses and routine but burdensome family obligations

we feel on edge.

Stressed(분사구문) 앞에생략된말을쓰시오.

Tips <타동사＋부사>의 형태로 쓰이는 경우가 있다. 이 동사구는 두 개의 단어가 하나의 동사 역할을 하기 때문에 서로 떼어놓을

수 없는 표현이다. 목적어가 명사인 경우에는 목적어를 부사 앞이나 뒤 어디에 두어도 상관없지만, 목적어가 대명사인 경우

에는목적어를반드시동사와부사사이에두어야한다.

→

Grammar 타동사+부사

Structure 분사구문

문장의 구조 분사구 + 주어 + 동사 + (전치사구)

무엇에의해스트레스를받는가?

→

→

분사구 →

주어 →

동사 →

(전치사구) →

Put it on.

He used to take them off when he came back home.

You should try to turn it off whenever you go out.

SinceOWhenPwe are

unsympathetic bosses

routine but burdensome family obligations

Stressed by unsympathetic bossesand ~ obligations

we

feel

on edge

Chapter 10 105

P a s s a g e 3 8


Writing 1. Stressed by unsympathetic bosses and routine but burdensome

family obligations 우리는안절부절못하게된다.

2. The key to maintaining your sanity throughout the day 뉴스를최소화

하는것이다 the media throws at you.

3. You 감정적인문제를감당할수없다(여력이없다) of renting out space in

your head to the mass media.

4. 여러분이정말로해야하는것은 is to find some inner peace.

5. To do that you must realize that you are not perfect and 다른사람도

그렇지않다는것을.

we feel on edge

is to minimize the news

cannot afford the emotional trouble

What you truly need to do

neither is anyone else

106 Level 3-B

woodworking [wùdwË;÷ki\] 목세공, 목공예 carpentry [k£;÷p‰ntri] 목수일, 목수직 craftsman [kr®ftsm‰n] 장인(匠人), 공예가

aside from ~은 별도로 하고 intense [intèns] 열정적인, 열심인 functionalism [f=\∫‰nÂlìzÂm] 기능주의, 실용주의

spring [spri\] 용수철 upholstery [<phóulstÂri] (가구) 장식품 intrigue [intrí;g] 흥미를 자아내다

mechanics [m‰k®niks] 역학 classics [kl®sik] 최고의 것, 일류의 것 the latter 후자 (↔ the former)

Furniture designer Bruno Mathsson, who was born in Varnamo, Sweden in

1907, was greatly influenced by the woodworking traditions of his family.

Carpentry, especially cabinet making, was his father’s trade so Mathsson grew

up learning about wood from his father. By watching and helping his father, he

acquired all the precise skills of a master craftsman. Thus, having become

interested in furniture making techniques, he gathered as much information as

he could from all the additional sources, aside from his father, that he knew of.

He learned a lot by borrowing books from libraries, museums and friends who

shared his intense passion for designing.

Mathsson became fascinated by functionalism in furniture

design as a consequence of this self-education in designing. He

wanted to create more functional and modern furniture than the

flat board furniture his father and the rest of his woodworking

family members had been creating for centuries. His furniture

was designed with clean, elegant lines including some chairs

with positional adjustability. Some of the chairs he worked on didn’t have

springs or upholstery. His ideas were revolutionary for his time.

Mathsson was so intrigued by what he termed “the mechanics of sitting” that he

conducted experiments to learn what repeated patterns humans made when they

sat down. He even conducted some experiments in snow to observe the results.

Some of his designs have become classics such as the Bruno Mathsson Pernilla

chair and the Bruno Mathsson Follbord table. The latter is a table which can be

folded and made into several different arrangements. While it was designed in

1935, it would not be out-of-place in many homes today.


Chapter 10 107

1. Which of the following is true about Mathsson? (Choose two)

① He applied for patents for his artistic furniture designs.

② He was more interested in making functional furniture.

③ He studied furniture making techniques all by himself.

④ His revolutionary design ideas didn’t pay off at the time.

⑤ He grew up learning the technical skills to make furniture.

2. Mathsson이 개발한 다음 제품들의 특징을 우리말로 설명하시오.

Info Scan

Analysis

3. 세 번째 단락의 the mechanics of sitting의 의미를 우리말로 설명하시오.Detail

4. Which of the following can be inferred about Mathsson?

① The idea of functionalism in furniture was first created byhim.

② He took over his father’s business after he became skillfulenough.

③ Some of his designs are still popular among many people.

④ His furniture was more expensive than other furniture at thetime.

⑤ He didn’t really enjoy the furniture his father had beencreating.

Inference

Aim High Reading

chair:

table:

사람들이앉을때반복적으로하는패턴

위치조정이가능하고스프링이나장식물이없는의자

접거나다른모양으로만들수있는탁자

108 Level 3-B

1. When I woke up, the sun [ already rose / had already risen ].

2. I recognized the lady at once though we [ didn’t meet / hadn’t met ] for years.

3. It was difficult to determine exactly where the accident [ took / had taken ] place.

Quiz 다음괄호안에서알맞은것을고르시오.

He wanted to create more functional and modern furniture than the flat boardfurniture his father had been creating for centuries.

I had the book that he had given me.+

He wanted to create more functional and modern furniture than the flat board

furniture his father and the rest of his woodworking family members had been

creating for centuries.

Tips 대과거는과거이전의일을말하는데, 두 개의과거가있을경우에더오래된과거를의미한다. <had p.p.>로 표현한다.

Grammar 과거와대과거


문장의 구조 주어 + 동사 + 목적어 + (전치사구) + (형용사절)

the flat board furniture는어떤평평한나무판자가구를말하는가?

(해석)

→

→

주어 →

동사 →

목적어 →

(전치사구) →

(형용사절) →

R문장의 목적어인 to부정사는 동사의 성격을 가지므로 more functional and modern furniture를 to부정사의 목적어로취할수있다.

his father and the rest of ~ for centuries

He

wanted

than the flat board furniture

his father ~ for centuries

to create more functional and modern furniture

그의아버지와나머지목세공가족들이수세기동안만들어왔던

Chapter 10 109

P a s s a g e 3 9


Writing 1. He gathered 그가할수있는한많은정보 from all the additional sources,

aside from his father, that he knew of.

3. His ideas were 그의시대에는혁명적인.

2. Mathsson 실용주의에매료되었다 in furniture design as a consequence

of this self-education in designing.

5. The latter is a table 접을수있고~으로만들어질수있는 several different

arrangements.

4. He conducted experiments to learn 사람들이만들어내는어떤반복적인패턴

when they sat down.

as much information as he could

became fascinated by functionalism

revolutionary for his time

what repeated patterns humans made

which can be folded and made into

110 Level 3-B

weather vane 풍향계 approximately [‰pr£ks‰mitli] 대략 horizontal [h≥;r‰z£ntl] 수평의, 가로의 slit [slit] 틈새, 흠

hammer [h®m‰÷] 망치로 박다 spin [spin] 돌리다, 회전시키다 triangular [trai®\gj‰l‰÷] 삼각형의 lozenge [l£zind,] 마름모

glue [glu;] 붙이다, 접착시키다 wooden [wùdn] 나무로 만든 broom [bru(;)m] 빗자루 washer [w£∫‰÷] (볼트의) 와셔

Let’s make our own weather vane. Start with an

approximately 30 cm long piece of wood. This piece of

wood should be approximately 1 cm in width and 2 cm in

height. Cut a horizontal slit about 1 cm deep on each end

of the piece of wood. In the middle of the piece of wood,

hammer one nail all the way through it. Spin the piece of

wood around the nail until .

Cut a triangular head and a lozenge-shaped tail for the

weather vane from a piece of aluminum such as a pie

plate. Glue the head into one slit and the tail into the

other slit. Allow time for the glue to dry.

Get a long wooden dowel to put the weather vane onto. A dowel is a long,

round piece of wood like the one that is used for broom handles. Before

hammering the weather vane on top of the dowel, place a metal washer on the

end of the dowel which the weather vane is going to be attached to. Now

hammer the nail in the middle of the weather vane, into the end of the dowel.

Make sure that it moves freely and easily around the nail.

Now you can put your weather vane outside. A good place to put it is on a fence

post using nails. Try to get the vane as high above the fence as you can while

still keeping the dowel steady and secure. The triangular head will always point

in the direction the wind is blowing from. For example, if the head points to the

Southwest, then the wind is blowing from the Southwest. It’s as simple as that.

A common mistake is to think that the wind is blowing toward the Southwest.


Rlozenge: a shape with four corners: The two corners that point up and down are further away than the two pointing sideways.

Chapter 10 111

1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a material

you will need?

① glue and a wooden dowel

② a long piece of wood

③ aluminum plates

④ wire and scissors

⑤ nails and a hammer

2. 내용의 흐름상 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 말은?

① the stick doesn’t turn around the nail

② the stick breaks exactly in two pieces

③ the stick has a hole to put glue into

④ the stick turns easily around the nail

⑤ the stick can fit into a wooden dowel

Analysis

Coherence

3. 밑줄 친 it이 가리키는 말은?

① hammer ② dowel

③ vane ④ washer

⑤ nail

Reference

4. The head of the weather vane points to the Northwest.

Explain the direction of the wind in Korean.

Analysis

Aim High Reading

북서쪽에서남동쪽으로바람이불고있다.

112 Level 3-B

1. I decided to study hard from now on. < >

2. To cram for a test is a bad study strategy. < >

3. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one. < >

Quiz 다음문장에서쓰인 to부정사의문장성분을쓰시오.

A common mistake is to think that the wind is blowing toward the Southwest.보어

To read a lot of books broadens our mind. 주어

She promised to call me every month. 목적어+

+

A dowel is a long, round piece of wood like the one that is used for broom handles.

Tips to부정사는 문장에서 주어, 목적어, 보어의 역할을 하여, 명사처럼 사용될 수 있다. 이 때의 to부정사의 용법을 명사적 용법

이라고한다.

Grammar to부정사의명사적용법

Structure


like the one이란무엇과같은것을말하는가?

(해석)

→

→

주어 →

동사 →

보어 →

(전치사구) →

형용사절의명사수식

목적어

주어

보어

that is used for broom handles

빗자루봉으로사용되는것과같은것

A dowel

is

a long, round piece of wood

like the one that is used for broom handles

Chapter 10 113

P a s s a g e 4 0


Writing

2. This piece of wood should be approximately 1cm의 넓이에 2cm의높이.

3. Allow time 접착제가마를.

1. Start with 약 30cm 길이의 piece of wood.

5. 그것을설치하기(놓기, 붙이기) 좋은 장소는 is on a fence post using nails.

4. A dowel is a long, round piece of wood 빗자루손잡이에사용되는것과같이.

an approximately 30 cm long

1 cm in width and 2 cm in height

for the glue to dry

like the one that is used for broom handles

A good place to put it

Review

114 Level 3-B



01. 엄청난양의돈

02. 캠패인을비방했다

03. 그차를없애다

04. 성가시게해서죄송해요.

05. 그의무례함(무례한행동들)을참다

06. 조치를취합시다.


01. The word “ ” describes something that is very great in strength or

degree.

02. If something you, it interests you and you want to know more

about it.

03. If something , it affects you and helps you in what you are doing.

04. If someone an agreement between two groups of people, he or

she tries to settle an argument between them.

05. If you a person or thing, you watch it carefully, in order to learn

something about it.

06. If something is , it is present or felt throughout a place or thing.

01. intense

02. pervasive

03. make a difference

04. tremendous

05. put up with

06. nuisance

07. intrigue

08. mediate

09. observe

10. decry

11. get rid of

12. take action

열정적인, 열심인

퍼지는, 널리 미치는

향을미치다

엄청난

~을참다

성가심, 귀찮음

흥미를자아내다

중재하다

관찰하다

헐뜯다, 비방하다

~을제거하다

조치를취하다

tremendous amount of money

decried the campaign

get rid of the car

Sorry to be a nuisance.

put up with his insults

Let’s take action.

intense

intrigues

makes a difference

mediates

observe

pervasive

Chapter 10 115

Passages 36~40


01. I have been to the station .

① off to see him ② to see off him ③ to see him off

02. The photos you are looking were taken by my sister.

① which ② at which ③ at that

03. When I entered the classroom, the lesson .

① had already begun ② had begun already ③ have already begun

04. The friend I was traveling could speak French.

① whom ② with whom ③ whom with

05. He in the dictionary.

① looked it up ② up the word looked ③ looked up it

06. I lost the MP3 player that I last weekend.

① was bought ② had been bought ③ had bought

07. It is natural for a boy of his age girls.

① be interested in ② being interested in ③ to be interested in

08. The only way to find out the experiences of humanity was to read .

① how to write ② what had been written ③ that is written

09. He in the distance.

① who his brother looked at ② looked his brother at ③ looked at his brother

10. Few people experienced an earthquake or witnessed a volcanic

eruption doubt that our planet is alive.

① have ② who have ③ whose have

AIM HIGH에임하이

리딩READING

Level

3-B

Answer Keys

2 Aim High Reading | Level 3-B

Chapter 06

Vocabulary Pre-check

acne 여드름

adapt 적합하다, 적응하다

adolescence 사춘기, 청소년기

adulthood 성인기

animation 생기, 활기

be saturated with ~으로포화되어있다

bluntly 퉁명스럽게, 무뚝뚝하게

break down 분해하다

bush 관목, 수풀

catalogue 분류하다, 목록을만들다

collapse 무너지다, 붕괴하다

concerned 관심있는

consequently 따라서, 그 결과

crop 농작물, 곡물

dire 극단적인, 무서운

distinct 별개의, 독특한

ecological 생태학적인

extinct 멸종의

filter out ~을거르다

fundamental 근본적인

geography 지리(학)

impart 전하다, 알리다

indeterminate 불확정한, 정해지지않은

interconnection 상호관련

longitudinal 장기적인, 경도의

manifestation 표시, 명시

matrix 모체, 기반

metabolize 물질대사시키다

myriad 무수한

neutralize 중화하다

parklands 초원, 공원지대

particular 특정한

perceive 인식하다

physical education 체육

profitable 수익이있는, 유익한

puberty 사춘기

rarely 거의~않다

related 관계있는

remission 완화, 진정

reservoir 저수지

restore 복구하다, 회복시키다

revived 소생된

savior 구원자

scar 상처를남기다

species 종족

statement 진술

subject 과목, 실험 대상, 주제

suburban 도시주변의, 교외의

suspend 중지하다, 정지하다

topical 국부적인, 국소의

undergrowth 덤불

vine 덩굴

| 정답 |

1. ⑤

2. 다양한인간활동에의한위협 / 외국에서들어온종에

의한위협

3. 손상된초원이나산림을복구한다. / 오염물을걸러식

수를보호한다.

4. ④

| 해설 |

1. 전체 내용으로 보아, 특히 The seeds are thus

being stored so that they can become ecological

saviors.라는 문장으로 보아, ⑤ The stored seeds will

be revived to help the damaged environment.(저장

된 씨앗들은 손상된 환경을 돕기 위해 다시 살려질 것이

다.)가 사실임을 알 수 있다. 멸종 위기의 씨앗을 보존하는

것이므로①은사실이아니다.

이 에따르면, 다음 중사실인것은?

Passage21

① 식물학자들은 세상에 존재하는 모든 씨앗들을 수집하

고있다.

② 그 농장에 저장된 씨앗들은 미래에 큰 부를 가져올 수

있다.

③ 저장된 씨앗들은 모든 외국 종에 대항할 수 있도록 심

겨질것이다.

④ 씨앗들은 오염 물질이 더 적은 곳에 다시 심기 위해 저

장된다.

2. 밑줄 친 these threats는 식물들에게 위협을 가하는 것

들이다. 즉, 앞에서 언급된 다양한 인간 활동에 의한 위협

과외국에서들어온종에의한위협이라할수있다.

3. 저장된씨앗들은미래에손상된초원이나산림을복구하고,

오염물을걸러식수를보호하게될것이라고되어있다.

4. cars, factories and cities는 인간의 활동과 관련이 있

으므로, 다양한 인간활동에대한언급이있을후인 (D)가

가장적절하다.

| 본문 |

The purpose of a seed farm near New York Cityis not to plant seeds so they will grow intoprofitable crops, but to store the seeds so thatthey can be used sometime in the distant future.In order to store these seeds for anindeterminate time, the seeds must be put intosuspended animation, a sleeplike state in whichthe seeds do not age. These seeds are beingstored in the belief that they will be needed tobring back plant species to areas in which theyhave become extinct. The seeds are thus beingstored so that they can become ecologicalsaviors. When planted in the future, these seedscould help restore damaged parklands andforests. Revived plants could also protectreservoirs of drinking water by filtering outpollution.

The sad fact is that many plant species arethreatened by various human activities. Forestedareas with their undergrowth of bushes and wildflowers are being cut down for suburban roadsand houses. Pollution from cars, factories andcities is poisoning numerous other plants.

Furthermore, plant species native to one

particular area in the world are being threatenedby non-native species, which have beenintroduced knowingly or unknowingly byhumans into a new place. For example, a vinenative to Asia called Oriental Bittersweet wasintroduced into America knowingly by peoplewho admired the Oriental Bittersweet’s colorfulleaves and berries. But it is now threatening todestroy a similar but not as seemingly beautifulvine called American Bittersweet. If any of thesethreats do result in the extinction of any plantspecies, biologists will turn to the ‘Seed Farm’for help in reintroducing that species.

| 해석 |

뉴욕시 가까운 씨앗 농장의 목적은 수익이 남는 작물로 재배

하기 위해 씨앗을 심는 것이 아니라, 먼 미래의 언젠가 사용

될 수 있도록 씨앗을 저장하는 것이다. 정해지지 않은 때를

위한 이 씨앗들을 저장하기 위해, 씨앗들은 활동이 정지된

생명 상태, 즉 씨앗들이 노화되지 않는 수면 같은 상태에 놓

여져야 한다. 이러한 씨앗들은 식물의 종들이 멸종되어 가는

지역에 되살려질 필요가 있게 될 것이라는 믿음으로 저장되

고 있다. 그래서 씨앗들은 생태학적 구원자가 될 수 있도록

저장되고 있는 것이다. 미래에 심어지면, 이 씨앗들은 손상된

초원과 산림을 복구시키는 데에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

다시 살아난 식물들은 오염 물질을 걸러서 식수의 저수지 또

한보호할수있을것이다.

슬픈 사실은 많은 식물 종들이 다양한 인간의 활동으로 인해

위협받고 있다는 것이다. 관목들과 야생 꽃들의 덤불들로 산

림화되어 있는 지역들이 도시 주변의 도로와 주택 건설을 위

해 제거되고 있다. 차량, 공장과 도시들에서 온 오염은 수많

은다른식물들에폐해가되고있다.

게다가, 세계의 어떤 특정한 지역에서 토착적인 식물 종들이

비토착의 종들에 의해 위협받고 있는데, 비토착의 종들은 인

간에 의해 알게 모르게 새로운 장소로 들여와지는 것이다.

예를 들면, 동양의 노박덩굴이라 불리는 아시아 고유의 덩굴

나무는 동양의 노박덩굴의 다채로운 잎사귀와 열매에 감탄한

사람들에 의해 고의적으로 들여와졌다. 그러나 그것은 이제

비슷하기는 하지만 겉보기에는 그만큼 아름답지 않은 미국의

노박덩굴이라 불리는 덩굴나무를 파괴하려고 위협하고 있다.

이러한 위협들 중 그 어느 것이라도 어느 식물의 종을 멸종

시킨다면, 생물학자들은 그 종들을 다시 살려내기 위해‘씨

앗농장’에의존하게될것이다.

Answer Keys 3


| 구문 |

The purpose of a seed farm ~ is not to plant

seeds ~, but to store the seeds ~.

동사 is의 보어로 to부정사가온형태이다. 그 보어앞에

not ~ but ...이 와서‘~가아니라…이다’의의미를나

타낸다.

a sleeplike state in which the seeds do not age /

areas in which they have become extinct

in which는 <전치사+관계대명사>로 관계부사 where로

바꾸어쓸수있다.

The sad fact is that many plant species are

threatened by various human activities.

주어 The sad fact, 동사 is, 보어로 that절이온문장이다.

Quiz

1. 부디 또와주세요.

→ Do come again, please.

2. 당신이더나아지기를정말로희망합니다.

→ I do hope you will get better.

3. 그는 자기가올것이라고말했고, 정말로왔다.

→ He said he would come and he did come.

A vine native to Asia called Oriental Bittersweet

was introduced into America knowingly by

people who admired the Oriental Bittersweet’s

colorful leaves and berries.

A vine(덩굴 식물)을 수식하는말을모두쓰시오.

→ native to Asia

→ called Oriental Bittersweet

<문장의구조>

주어 → A vine native to Asia called Oriental

Bittersweet동사 → was 보어 → introduced (전치사구) → into America (부사) → knowingly (전치사구) → by people (관계사절) → who admired the Oriental

Bittersweet’s colorful leaves and

berries

STRUCTURE

GRAMMAR

1. The seeds must be put into suspended

animation, a sleeplike state in which the seeds

do not age. (정지된생명상태에놓여져야한다)

2. When planted in the future, these seeds could

help restore damaged parklands and forests. (미래에심어지면)

3. Forested areas with their undergrowth of

bushes and wild flowers are being cut down for

suburban roads and houses. (~으로인해제거되고있다)

4. But it is now threatening to destroy a similar but

not as seemingly beautiful vine called American

Bittersweet. (겉보기에는그만큼아름답지않은)

5. Biologists will turn to the ‘Seed Farm’ for help in

reintroducing that species. (~에 의존하게될것이다)

| 정답 |

1. ④

2. 청소년기와성인기간에 접한관련이있음을증명하

기위해서

3. ③4. ④

| 해설 |

1. 십대의 생활이 나중의 삶에 어떤 향을 미치는지에 대한

연구는 시간이 많이 걸린다는 언급은 있지만, 그래서 실

패하기쉽다는것은언급되지않았다. 그러므로 ④ Many

studies on teenagers tend to fail because they

take a long time.(십대에 대한 많은 연구들은 시간이 오

래걸리기때문에실패하는경향이있다.)이틀린내용이다.

이 에따르면, 다음중사실이아닌것은?

① 십대는 1950년대전에는중요하게고려되지않았다.

② 세계인구의 5분의 1이 십대의사람들이다.

③ 십대의 시기가 나중의 인생에 어떻게 향을 미치는지

에대한연구들이있다.

WRITING

Passage22

Answer Keys 5

⑤ 십대들은 그들의 인생에 있어 많은 변화를 경험한다고

믿어진다.

2. 1990년에 시작된 이 연구는 the researchers believe

the data will show strong connections between

the teenage years and adulthood라는 표현에서구체

적으로 보여지는 것처럼, 청소년기와 성인기 간에 접한

관련성이있음을증명하기위한것이다.

두 번째 단락에서 언급된 연구의 목적을 우리말로 설명하

시오.

3. longitudinal은「경도(經度)의, 세로의; (연구가) 장기적인」이라는 뜻으로, 여기서는「장기적인」의 의미로 쓰 다. 그

러므로③ long-term의 뜻과같다.

4. 주어진 문장은 십대 때의 건강한 식습관이 성인기의 건강

에 향을 미친다는 하나의 예이므로 십대와 성인기 사이

의 접한 관련성을 보여 주리라는 문장 뒤인 (D)에 들어

가야한다.

| 본문 |

It wasn’t until the 1950s that people startedidentifying the teenage years as a distinct stagein life. Before the 1950s, there were only kidsand grownups and no teenagers. People didn’tthink a child turning fifteen was significantlydifferent than one turning ten. As you grew upyou jumped from childhood into adulthood; butnot anymore. These days, the 20 percent of theworld’s population that is experiencingadolescence is going through something distinctand separate from childhood, and something ofgreat importance to adult life. The theory is quitesimple: if a person’s teens are scarred by family,health or financial problems, that person will behandicapped by these problems in adulthood.Likewise if a person is blessed with good healthin his or her teens, he or she will have a greaterchance of having a healthy adulthood.

Researchers are trying hard to catalogue themyriad changes that young people are goingthrough at this time in their life by conductinglongitudinal studies that collect enormousamounts of data. One longitudinal study of 3,000people, the Birth to Twenty Study, began in

1990 in South Africa. The subjects in this studyare now in their late teens and the researchersbelieve the data will show strong connectionsbetween teenage years and adulthood. Forexample, healthy eating in teenage years isbelieved to set a person’s physical health in theiradulthood. These and other points, however,cannot be proven until subjects in the studyreach adulthood. And that is still a long time off.

| 해석 |

1950년대가 되어서야 십대를 인생에 있어 특별한 단계라고

인지하기 시작했다. 1950년대 전에는, 아이와 어른만 있었고

십대는 없었다. 사람들은 15세가 되는 아이를 10세가 되는

아이와 크게 다르게 생각하지 않았다. 다 자라면 유년기에서

성인기로 훌쩍 뛰어넘는 것이었지만, 이제 더 이상은 그렇지

않다. 요즈음에는, 사춘기를 경험하고 있는 세계 인구의

20%가 특별하고 유년기와는 다른 무엇과 성인 생활에 아주

중요할 어떤 것을 겪고 있는 것이다. 그 이론은 아주 간단하

다. 어떤 사람의 십대가 가족, 건강이나 재정 문제로 상처를

입게 되면, 그 사람은 성인기에도 이러한 문제들로 어려움을

겪을 것이다. 마찬가지로 어떤 사람이 그의 십대에 건강의

축복을 받는다면, 그 사람은 건강한 성인기를 보낼 더 많은

가능성을갖게될것이다.

연구진들은 엄청난 양의 정보를 모으는 장기간의 연구를 수

행함으로써, 젊은 사람들이 인생에 있어 이 시기에 겪고 있

는 무수한 변화들을 분류하려고 노력하고 있다. 3,000명의

사람들에 대한 장기적인 연구인 the Birth to Twenty

Study는 남아프리카에서 1990년에 시작되었다. 이 연구의

실험 대상들은 이제 10대 후반이고, 연구진들은 그 자료가

십대와 성인기 사이의 접한 관련성을 보여 주리라고 믿는

다. 예를 들면, 10대 때 건강한 식습관은그사람의성인기에

신체적으로 건강하게 하리라고 믿어진다. 그러나 이런 것들

과 다른 점들은 그 연구의 실험 대상들이 성인기에 도달할

때까지는 증명될 수 없다. 그리고 그것은 아직 긴 시간인 것

이다.

| 구문 |

something distinct and separate from childhood,

and something of great importance to adult life

something을 꾸며주는형용사는 something 뒤에 온다

는데에유의한다.


the myriad changes that young people are going

through

that은 목적격관계대명사로서 are going through의 목

적어인 the myriad changes를 선행사로한다.

Quiz

1. 그는 30세가되어비로소그림을그리기시작하 다.

→ It was not until he was thirty that he started

to paint.

2. 그 교통법규는그해말이되어서야효력이발생되었다.

→ The traffic laws didn’t take effect until the

end of the year.

3. 비타민은 1911년이 되어서야비로소알려지게되었다.

→ It was not until 1911 that the first of the

vitamins was identified.

The 20 percent of the world’s population that is

experiencing adolescence is going through

something distinct and separate from childhood,

and something of great importance to adult life.

세계인구의 20%는어떤 20%를말하는가?

→ that is experiencing adolescence

<문장의구조>

주어 → The 20 percent of the world’s

population that is experiencing

adolescence동사 → is going through 목적어1 → something distinct and separate

from childhood목적어2 → something of great importance to

adult life

1. They are going through something distinct and

separate from childhood, and something of

great importance to adult life. (특별하고 ~와는다른무엇)

2. He or she will have a greater chance of having a

healthy adulthood. (~할 더많은가능성을갖게될것이다)

WRITING

STRUCTURE

GRAMMAR

3. Researchers are trying hard to catalogue the

myriad changes that young people are going

through at this time in their life. (젊은 사람들이겪고있는)

4. The researchers believe the data will show

strong connections between teenage years and

adulthood. (~사이의 접한관련성)

5. These and other points, however, cannot be

proven until subjects in the study reach

adulthood. (그 연구의실험대상들이성인기에도달할때까지는)

| 정답 |

1. ① / ④

2. ③

3. 숫자들은단순한사실이아닌모든생명의기본이라는

것

4. ③

| 해설 |

1. but rarely do teachers explain to their studentshow the subjects are related to one another라는

내용에서, ① Teachers rarely teach students how

things are interconnected.(사물들이 어떻게 상호관련

되어 있는지 학생들에게 가르쳐 주는 교사들이 거의 없

다.)를 알 수 있다. 또한 The ancient scholars

discovered that there was one subject that

connects to all the others: Math!라는 문장에서 ④

The ancient scholars thought numbers could be

the connection of the all subjects.(고대 학자들은 숫

자가다른과목들과관련성이있다고생각했다.)의 내용도

확인할수있다.

다음중이 의내용으로옳은것은? (2개)

② 학생들은 다른 모든 과목들과 연관된 과목으로 수학을

배우고있다.

③ 대부분의 학교에서 가르쳐지는 모든 과목은 수학 부문

을어느정도씩포함하고있다.

Passage23

Answer Keys 7

⑤ 학생들은 학교 밖에서 개별 학습으로 하나의 주제를

더많이연구할수있다.

2. 필자가 고대 학자들의 몇몇 진술들을 언급한 이유는 ③

to prove that Math was thought to be the key to

everything(수학이 모든 것의 열쇠라고 생각되었다는 것

을증명하기위해)이다.

필자가고대학자들의진술을언급한이유는무엇인가?

① 수학이 모든 것들 중 가장 중요한 과목이라고 주장하

기위해

②수학이현대사회에서얼마나중요한지설명하기위해

④ 수학이 다른 과목들과 어떻게 상호관련이 있는지를 예

증하기위해

⑤ 수학이 많은 고대 학자들에 의해 발전된 것을 보여 주

기위해

3. 밑줄 친 the knowledge와 그 뒤의 that절은 동격이다.

그러므로 the knowledge는 numbers are not simple

facts but the basis of all life라는 지식이다. 즉, 숫자들

이 단순한 사실이 아니라 모든 생명의 기본이라는 지식을

일컫는다.

4. 마지막 단락의 내용은 수학이 생명의 기본이라는 것이다.

빈칸 바로 앞의 문장에도 이러한 사항이 명백히 드러나

있다. 그러므로 빈칸에는 그런 내용을 담은 ③ Without

numbers, there would be no life.(숫자가 없으면, 생

명도없을것이다.)가 와야가장자연스럽다.

① 숫자의비 은밝혀져야한다.

② 숫자를셀필요는없다.

④ 우리는 수학을 실용적인 사용만을 위해서 배워서는 안

된다.

⑤ 어떤과목도수학보다더중요할수는없다.

| 본문 |

Students study a lot of subjects at school, butrarely do teachers explain to their students howthe subjects are related to one another. Thebiology teacher doesn’t explain clearly how hissubject can be connected to geography; andneither does the physical education teacherexplain how his subject is related to biology. Infact, there are huge interconnections amongalmost all subjects; we just aren’t being taughtwhat they are. In the last decades, however, thisterm “connection” has become a big topic allover the world.

The facts that the different manifestations of ourreality are connected, and that everything weperceive on earth is tied together in a secretmatrix, have always been part of basicknowledge ever since old civilizations. Theancient scholars discovered that there was onesubject that connects to all the others: Math!Ancient scholars saw numbers in everything.Pythagoras is famous for stating bluntly that“Everything contains numbers.” Augustinus tookPythagoras’ statement a step further, uttering adire warning about the necessity of usingnumbers in daily l i fe: “Without numberseverything would collapse.” And Novalisbelieved so strongly in the importance ofmathematics that he related it to religion: “Life ofGods is mathematics. Pure mathematics isreligion.”

These ancient scholars were concerned aboutthe quality not the quantity of numbers. Theyrealized that numbers could tell us aboutcreation, growth and life itself. They tried toimpart the knowledge that numbers are notsimple facts but the basis of all life. Withoutnumbers, there would be no life.

| 해석 |

학생들은 학교에서 많은 과목을 배우지만, 교사들은 그 과목

들이 서로 어떻게 관련이 있는지를 학생들에게 거의 설명하

지 않는다. 생물 선생님은 그 과목이 지리와 어떻게 연관되

는지를 명확하게 설명하지 않고, 체육 교사도 그 과목이 생

물과 어떻게 관련되어 있는지를 설명하지 않는다. 사실, 거의

모든 과목 사이에는 거대한 상호관련성이 있다. 다만 우리는

그것이 무엇인지 배우지 못했을 따름이다. 그러나 최근 몇 십

년 동안“관련성”이라는 이 용어는 전 세계적으로 커다란 토

픽이되어왔다.

우리 현실에 대한 서로 다른 표현들이 서로 관련이 있고 이

세상에서 우리가 인식하는 모든 것이 비 스러운 모체 안에

서 함께 묶여 있다는 사실은 오랜 문명 이후에 언제나 기본

지식의 일부분이었다. 고대 학자들은 다른 모든 것들과 연결

되어 있는 한 가지 과목이 있는데, 그것이 수학이라는 것을

알아냈다. 고대 학자들은 모든 것에서 숫자를 보았다. 피타고

라스는“모든것이숫자를담고있다.”라고 기탄없이말한것


으로 유명하다. 아우구스티누스는 피타고라스의 진술을 한

단계 나아가서 받아들여, 일상생활에서 숫자 사용의 필요성

에대한극단적인경고—“숫자가없으면, 모든 것이무너질

것이다.”— 를 언명했다. 그리고 노발리스는 수학의 중요성

을 너무나 강하게 믿어서 그것을 종교와 연관시켰다. “신의

삶은수학이다. 순수 수학은종교이다.”

이들 고대 학자들은 숫자의 양이 아니라 특성에 관심이 있었

다. 그들은 숫자가 우리에게 창조, 성장, 인생 자체에 대해

말해 줄 수 있다는 것을 깨달았다. 그들은 숫자가 단순한 사

실이 아니라 모든 생명의 기본이라는 지식을 전수하려고 했

다. 숫자가없으면, 생명도없을것이다.

| 구문 |

rarely do teachers explain to their students how

the subjects are related to one another / neither

does the physical education teacher explain how

his subject is related to biology

두문장모두부정어부사(rarely, neither)가 문장앞으로

와서주어(teachers, the physical education teacher)

와 동사(do, does)의 도치가이루어진구문이다.

Quiz

1. I know the very person that will do the job

quickly. → 관계대명사 that

2. There was no hope that she would recover her

health. → 동격의 that

3. Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe is

getting bigger.→ 명사절을이끄는 that

The facts that the different manifestations of our

reality are connected, and that everything we

perceive on earth is tied together in a secret

matrix, have always been part of basic

knowledge ever since old civilizations.

The fact란 어떤사실인지두가지모두쓰시오.

→ the different manifestations of our reality are

connected

→ everything we perceive on earth is tied

together in a secret matrix

STRUCTURE

GRAMMAR

<문장의구조>

주어 → The facts that the different ~, and

that everything ~ in a secret matrix 동사 → have always been 보어 → part of basic knowledge (전치사구)→ ever since old civilizations

1. Rarely do teachers explain to their students how

the subjects are related to one another. (교사들은거의설명하지않는다)

2. Neither does the physical education teacher

explain how his subject is related to biology. (그의 과목이~과어떻게관련되어있는지)

3. Novalis believed so strongly in the importance

of mathematics that he related it to religion. (~을 너무나강하게믿었다)

4. They tried to impart the knowledge that

numbers are not simple facts but the basis of all

life. (단순한사실이아니라모든생명의기본이다)

5. Without numbers, there would be no life. (생명도없을것이다)

| 정답 |

1. ④

2. 피부유지방을분해한다. / 성 호르몬을만든다.

3. Coenzyme A를 만드는성분을포함하는음식을충분

히섭취한다.

4. ③

| 해설 |

1. Coenzyme A가 피부 유지방을 중화시키는 데 사용되는

데, Coenzyme A가 부족하면, 여드름을 일으키는 피부

유지방을 없앨 수 없을지도 모른다는 내용이 있으므로,

④ Acne is mainly caused when the body lacks

Coenzyme A.(여드름은 몸에 Coenzyme A가 부족할

때주로생긴다.)가 의 내용상사실이다.

WRITING

Passage24

Answer Keys 9

다음중 의내용과일치하는것은?

①신체는자체적으로Coenzyme A를충분히만들어낸다.

② 여드름 같은 피부 문제를 일으키는 것은 특정한 음식

이다.

③ 성 호르몬은 Coenzyme A가 피부 유지방을 분해하

는것을막는다.

⑤ Coenzyme A는 사람의 얼굴과 목에 많은 여드름이

생기게한다.

2. Coenzyme A, which is used to neutralize skin oilbelow the surface of the skin과 Coenzyme A is

needed to make testosterone and estrogen, the

sex hormones를 통해 Coenzyme A의 기능을 알 수

있다. 즉, 그것의 기능은 피부 유지방을 분해하고, 성 호

르몬을만든다는것이다.

3. 마지막 문장 Research has shown that this diet

related treatment is the only way to get 100%

remission of one’s acne.에서 여드름을 완전히 제거하

는 방법은 Coenzyme A를 만드는 성분을 포함하는 음

식을충분히섭취하는것임을알수있다.

4. 여드름 문제의 대부분이 피부 표면 아래에서 일어나고,

그렇기 때문에 근본적인 문제를 직접 치료할 수 있는 붙

이거나 바르는 것 같은 topical system이 없다는 내용이

다. 그러므로 topical system이 의미하는 것으로는 ③ a

medicine that you apply to a localized part(그 부분

에만바를수있는치료약)가 가장적절하다.

① 얼굴에서가장많이푹올라온여드름치료

②현재가장잘보이는여드름치료

④여드름의가장만성적인부분치료

⑤여드름을치료하기위해먹는약

| 본문 |

The main cause of acne is actually the failure ofthe body to break down skin oil before itreaches the surface of the skin. Why we get it,and consequently, how we can cure it are nowwell-understood processes.

Our body makes a chemical called Coenzyme A,which is used to neutralize skin oil below thesurface of the skin. Two of the three chemicalswhich make up Coenzyme A are produced bythe body on its own, but the third chemicalwhich makes up Coenzyme A must come from

the food we eat. If we don’t eat food whichsupplies this chemical then, our bodies will notbe able to break down the skin oil that causesacne.

But the process of breaking down skin oil beforeturning into acne is further complicated by thefact that Coenzyme A is needed to maketestosterone and estrogen, the sex hormones.When there is very little Coenzyme A in the body,it has to choose what to use it for. And since sexhormones are far more important for the survivalof the species, the body reduces the amount ofCoenzyme A available for metabolizing skin oil,the skin becomes saturated with oil, and you getacne.

This imbalance usually starts in puberty and cancontinue for decades. Most of this occurs belowthe surface of the skin, so no topical systemsuch as pads or creams can address thisfundamental problem. The key to fighting acne isto supply our body with the right foods so that ithas enough of the chemical supplied throughfood which it uses to make Coenzyme A.Research has shown that this diet relatedtreatment is the only way to get 100% remissionof one’s acne.

| 해석 |

여드름의 주요 원인은 사실 피부의 유지방이 피부 표면에 닿

기 전에 신체가 피부 유지방을 분해하지 못해서 생기는 것이

다. 그것이 생기는 이유와 그래서 그것을 치료하는 방법은

현재잘알려져있는과정이다.

우리의 신체는 Coenzyme A라 불리는 화학물질을 만들어

내는데, 그것은 피부 표면 아래의 피부 유지방을 중화시키는

데 사용된다. Coenzyme A를 구성하는 세 가지 화학물질

중에 두 가지는 우리 몸 자체적으로 생성되지만, Coenzyme

A를 구성하는 세 번째 화학물질은 우리가 먹는 음식에서 섭

취해야 한다. 이 화학물질을 공급하는 음식을 먹지 않는다면,

우리 몸은 여드름을 일으키는 피부 유지방을 분해할 수 없을

것이다.

그러나 피부 유지방이 여드름으로 바뀌기 전에 없애는 과정

은 Coenzyme A가 테스토스테론(남성 호르몬의 일종)과 에


스트로겐(여성 호르몬의일종)인 성 호르몬을만드는데에필

요하다는 사실 때문에 더욱 복잡하다. Coenzyme A가 극히

적으면, 그것을 무엇을 위해 사용할지 선택해야 한다. 성 호

르몬은 종족 보존을 위해 훨씬 더 중요하기 때문에, 몸은 피

부유지방을물질대사시킬수있는 Coenzyme A의 양을감

소시키고, 피부에 기름기가 가득해지고, 그러면 여드름이 생

기는것이다.

일반적으로 이러한 불균형은 사춘기에 시작하고 몇 십 년간

지속될 수도 있다. 이것의 대부분은 피부 표면 아래에서 일

어나고, 그래서 이 근본적인 문제를 직접 치료할 수 있는 붙

이거나 바르는 것 같은 국소적인 방편은 없다. 여드름과 싸

우는 열쇠는 Coenzyme A를 만드는 데에 사용하는 음식을

통해 공급되는 화학물질이 충분하도록 우리 몸에 적절한 음

식을 제공하는 것이다. 연구 결과, 치료와 관련된 이런 식이

요법이여드름을 100% 진정시키는유일한방법이다.

| 구문 |

Why we get it, and consequently, how we can

cure it are now well-understood processes.

두개의의문사절(Why we get it, how we can cure it)

이 주어이다. 주어가복수이므로동사 are가 쓰 다.

Our body makes a chemical called Coenzyme A,

which is used to neutralize skin oil below the

surface of the skin

여기서콤마뒤의 which는 관계대명사의계속적용법으

로 a chemical called Coenzyme A를 선행사로하고

있으며, <be used+to부정사>는‘~하는데에사용되다’

라고해석한다.

Quiz

1. 그들은 1920년에지어진집에살고있다.

→ They live in a house which was built in 1920.

2. 대학에가고싶은사람들은열심히공부해야한다.

→ Those who want to go to college should

study hard.

The process of breaking down skin oil before

turning into acne is further complicated by the

fact that Coenzyme A is needed to make

testosterone and estrogen, the sex hormones.

STRUCTURE

GRAMMAR

어떤 process를 말하는가?

→ breaking down skin oil before turning into

acne

무엇때문에더복잡한것인가?

→ by the fact that ~ hormones

the fact와 that절은 어떤관계인가?

→ 동격관계

<문장의구조>

주어 → The process of breaking down

skin oil(전치사구) → before turning into acne 동사 → is보어 → further complicated (전치사구) → by the fact (동격 that절) → that Coenzyme A is needed to

make ~ hormones

1. Why we get it, and consequently, how we can

cure it are now well-understood processes. (왜 우리가그것을얻는가)

2. Our body makes a chemical called Coenzyme

A, which is used to neutralize skin oil below the

surface of the skin. (~을 중화시키는데사용된다)

3. When there is very little Coenzyme A in the

body, it has to choose what to use it for. (그것을무엇을위해사용할지)

4. The key to fighting acne is to supply our body

with the right foods so that it has enough of the

chemical. (우리 몸에 ~을제공하는것이다)

5. Research has shown that this diet related

treatment is the only way to get 100% remission

of one’s acne. (~하기위한유일한방법)

WRITING

Answer Keys 11

| A |01. 여드름

02. 사춘기, 청소년기

03. ~하는데에사용되다

04. 생물학

05. 멸종의

06. ~을거르다

07. 전하다, 알리다

08. 중화하다

09. 질, 성질, 특질 (cf. quantity 양, 많음)

10. 상처를남기다

11. 도시주변의, 교외의

12. 중지하다, 정지하다

| B |01. experience adolescence

02. filter out pollution

03. the main cause of acne

04. the quality of numbers

05. be used to neutralize

06. suburban roads and houses

| C |01. neutralizing

02. Biology

03. extinct

04. suspend

05. scars

06. impart

| D |01. ①

02. ③

03. ②

04. ②

05. ①

06. ①

07. ③

08. ②

09. ②

10. ①

Review


Chapter 07


abstract 추상적인

adopt 채택하다

algae-filled 녹조가잔뜩낀

artifact 인공물, 유물

back up 후원하다, 지지하다

blob 얼룩

bulk 많음, 대부분

carve 새기다, 조각하다

choke 질식시키다

civilization 문명

climactic 절정의

commitment 언질, 공약

comprehensively 포괄적으로

concrete 구체적인, 명확한, 실제의

concur 진술이같다, 일치하다

condensation 응결, 응축

discipline 벌을주다, 징계하다

emit 방출하다, 내뿜다

evaporate 증발하다

eventually 결국

for instance 예를들면

formation 형성

gravel 자갈, 조약돌

halt 멈추게하다, 정지시키다

incidence (사건) 발생률

infest 떼지어몰려들다, 만연하다

initial 처음의, 최초의

linguist 언어학자

marked 두드러진, 현저한

measurement 측정(법)

microscopic particles 극소미립자

mineral 광물, 무기물

myriad 무수한, 많은

no-go zone 출입금지지역

orbit 궤도를그리며돌다

overwhelm 압도하다

participate in ~에참여하다

pit 구멍

pollutant 오염물질

pristine 원래의, 청결한

question 이의를제기하다

ravage 파괴, 황폐

repel 불쾌감을주다, 쫓아버리다

resemble 닮다

reside 거주하다, 살다

reveal 밝히다, 드러내다

scholar 학자

self-esteem 자부심

smelly 불쾌한냄새의

stable 안정적인

statistics 통계(표)

stench 악취

sufficient 충분한

sulfur dioxide 아황산가스

suspension 정학, 정지

tackle (문제 등을) 다루다

take place 일어나다, 발생하다

the Northern Hemisphere 북반구

the Southern Hemisphere 남반구

vapor 수증기

variable 변수

weather-beaten 비바람에닳은

whopping 굉장한, 엄청난

without a doubt 의심할여지없이

Answer Keys 13

| 정답 |

1. ⑤

2. 지역적: 발견된 지역이 이 문명이 있었던 곳이라는 점

연도적: 바위의 연도가 이 문명이 있었던 시기라는 점

내용적: 바위의 몇몇 자들이이문명의 것들과비슷

하다는점

3. 이사회가기록을남기는수준까지발전되었었다는것

4. ③

| 해설 |

1. 두 번째 문단의 내용으로 보아 ⑤ Scholars assume its

age from signs of having been out in the

weather.(학자들은 비바람을 견디어온 흔적으로 그 나이

를추정했다.)가 옳다는것을알수있다.

① 세상이 아니라 신세셰에서 가장 오래된 것이다. ② 아

무도 무엇을 말하고 있는지 모른다. ③ olmec 문명의 다

른 유물들의 기호와 비슷하다고 했다. ④ 산산이 부셔져

있다는언급은없었다.

이 에 따르면, 다음 중옳은것은?

① 그 바위는 세상에서 가장 오래된 문자 조각이라고 추

정된다.

② 그돌의내용은몇몇학자들에의해해석되었다.

③ 그 바위에 있는 어떤 기호도 그 이전에 발견된 것과

비슷한것이없다.

④ Cascajal block은 발견되었을 때 심하게 손상되었고

산산이부서져있었다.

2. Cascajal block이 Olmec 문명의 것이라는 점은 지역적

으로는 발견된 지역이 이 문명이 있었던 곳이라는 점이고

연도적으로는 바위의 연도가 이 문명이 있었던 시기라는

점이며, 내용적으로는 바위의 몇몇 자들이 이 문명의

것들과비슷하다는점이다.

3. 마지막문장인 Essentially the discovery of the block

means that their society had progressed to the

point whereby they were keeping records.로 보아,

Cascajal block의 발견이 Olmec 문명에 대해 말해 주

는 것은 이 사회가 기록을 남기는 수준까지 발전되었었다

는것이다.

4. concrete는「구체적인, 명확한, 실제의」라는 뜻의 형용사

이다. 이와 같은의미의단어는③ definite이다.

| 본문 |

A stone block, Cascajal block, with letters andsymbols carved into it, is believed to be theoldest known piece of writing in the New World.The block was found in a gravel mine in Mexico.It is believed to have been carved by peopleliving in Mexico and Central America beforeColumbus discovered the New World. Thesepeople, called the Olmecs, lived in the oldestknown civilization in that part of the world.

The block itself looks extremely weather-beatenas if it had gone through the ravages of yearsand years of rain. The rain has created pits in theblocks and minerals have formed in some of thesymbols and signs. But this piece of evidencehas been backed up with more concretechemical testings, which have proven without adoubt that the block is about 3,000 years old.

Scholars are studying the block, but no onereally knows what it says. Linguists think thecarvings on this block are part of a writtenlanguage, even though very different symbolsare used. The block holds a total of 62 symbols,some of which resemble plants such as corn, oranimals such as insects and fish. Many of thesymbols are more abstract boxes or blobs.Scholars have also noted that some of thesymbols and signs seem like other images foundon artifacts from the Olmec civilization. Also ofnote is that the writing on the blocks seems tobe composed of several sentences. Essentiallythe discovery of the block means that theirsociety had progressed to the point wherebythey were keeping records.

| 해석 |

자와 상징이 새겨진 바위덩어리인 Cascajal block은 신

세계에서 알려져 있는 가장 오래된 문자 조각이라고 믿어진

다. 그 바위는 멕시코의 자갈이 많은 곳에서 발견되었다. 콜

럼버스가 신세계를 발견하기 전에 멕시코와 중미에서 살고

있던사람들에의해조각된것이라고믿어진다. Olmecs라고

불리는 이 사람들은 세상의 그 지역에서 알려져 있는 가장

오래된문명에서살았다.

Passage25


바위 자체는 오랜 침식과 오랜 비를 견디어온 듯이 심하게

비바람에 닳고 닳은 것처럼 보인다. 비는 그 바위들에 구멍

을 만들어냈고, 몇몇 상징들과 기호들 속에는 무기물이 형성

되었다. 그러나 이 증거는 더 명확한 화학 실험으로 지지되

어왔는데, 그 실험이 그 바위가 약 3,000년 이상 된다는 것

을의심할여지없이증명했다.

학자들은 그 바위를 연구하고 있지만, 아무도 그것이 무엇을

말하고 있는지 모른다. 너무나 다른 상징들이 사용되고 있을

지라도, 언어학자들은 이 바위에 새겨진 것들이 자 언어의

일부라고 생각한다. 그 바위는 총 62개의 상징을 가지고 있

는데, 그것들 중 어떤 것들은 옥수수 같은 식물들이나 곤충

과물고기같은동물들을닮아있다. 그 상징들중많은것들

은 더 추상적인 상자이거나 얼룩이다. 학자들은 또한 어떤

상징들과 기호들이 Olmec 문명의 유물들에서 발견된 다른

이미지들과 비슷하다는 것을 주목해왔다. 또한 그 바위에 쓰

여 있는 것이 몇몇 문장을 이루고 있는 것처럼 보인다는 것

도 또한 주목할 만하다. 본질적으로 그 바위의 발견은 그 사

회가 기록을 남길 만한 정도로 진보되어 있었다는 것을 의미

한다.

| 구문 |

It is believed to have been carved by people

living in Mexico and Central America

믿어지는것보다조각된것이시제가더앞서기때문에완

료부정사가왔다.

Also of note is that the writing on the blocks

seems to be composed of several sentences.

주어가너무길어져서 <보어(of note)+동사(is)+주어

that절>로 도치된문장이다.

Quiz

1. Will you join with me for a party?

→ Will you join me for a party?

2. She wanted to marry with a rich man.

→ She wanted to marry a rich man.

3. She discussed about her plans with her mother.

→ She discussed her plans with her mother.

GRAMMAR

This piece of evidence has been backed up with

more concrete chemical testings, which have

proven without a doubt that the block is about

3,000 years old.

삽입된구를찾아쓰시오.

→ without a doubt

which를 올바르게 해석하고 접속사와 주어로 바꾸어 쓰

시오.

→ 해석: 그리고그것들이

→ and they(more concrete chemical testings)

<문장의구조>

주어 → This piece of evidence 동사 → has been backed up (전치사구) → with more concrete chemical

testings(관계사절) → which have proven without a doubt

that the block is about 3,000 years

old

1. The Cascajal block is believed to be the oldest

known piece of writing in the New World. (~라고믿어진다)

2. It is believed to have been carved by people

living in Mexico and Central America. (~에 의해조각되었을것이라고)

3. The block itself looks extremely weather-beaten

as if it had gone through the ravages of years

and years of rain. (마치 ~을견뎌온것처럼)

4. More concrete chemical testings have proven

without a doubt that the block is about 3,000

years old. (의심할여지없이)

5. Also of note is that the writing on the blocks

seems to be composed of several sentences.(~라는것도또한주목할만하다)

WRITING

STRUCTURE

Answer Keys 15

| 정답 |

1. ④

2. 출석률이 15% 향상되었음 / 폭력사용으로인한벌을

받는것이 50% 감소했음 / 기존의문제있는학생들의

정학률이 54% 감소했음

3. 학생들의자부심과선생님, 학교, 학업에대한태도가

많이향상되었다.

4. ⑤

| 해설 |

1. 서비스에 참가했던 학생들이 확실한 향상을 보 다는 진

술 후에, 구체적인 내용인 세 가지 백분율이 나오고 있다.

(a)와 (b) 사이의 Moreover로 보아 빈칸 (a)에는 First of

all이, (b)에는 As a result가 적절하다.

2. SBMH 서비스에 참가한 학생들은 출석률이 15% 향상되

었고, 폭력 사용으로 인한 벌을 받는 것이 50% 감소했으

며, 기존의 문제 있는 학생들의 정학률이 54% 감소했다

는통계치가나와있다.

3. 통계치를 통해 내릴 수 있는 결론은 바로 뒤의 These

statistics clearly showed that the students’self-esteem as well as their attitudes towards their

teachers, their school and their school work had

significantly improved.에 나와 있다. 즉, 학생들의 자부

심과 선생님, 학교, 학업에 대한 태도가 많이 향상되었다

는것이다.

4. Most youth self-reported significantly improvedcommitment to school에서 보면, 아이들 스스로도 그

프로그램의 효과에 대해 긍정적임을 알 수 있다. 그러므

로, ⑤ The kids reported to school that the program

should improve more.(아이들은 프로그램이 더 향상되

어야한다고학교에보고했다.)의 내용은사실이아니다.

이 에따르면, 다음 중사실이아닌것은?

① SBMH 테스트 서비스의 첫 해는 대단히 성공적이었다.

② 학교에서 문제점을 지니고 있던 아이들이 그 프로그램

에참여했다.

③ 부모들 대부분이 자신들의 자녀가 많이 향상되었다고

동의했다.

④ 그서비스의효과는다른학교들에의해뒷받침되었다.

| 본문 |

Overwhelmed by problems and lacking sufficientresources, evidence-based practices haverecently increased in popularity as a way to useavailable resources as efficiently as possible. Aschool is one governmental institution which hasthese characteristics. Schools have a myriad ofproblems and often lack sufficient resources totackle all of their problems. However, asevidence shows that school-based mentalhealth (SBMH) services are effective at helpingtroubled teenagers feel better about themselvesand do better at school, more and more schoolsare adopting mental health programs.

There is strong evidence that SBMH serviceswork. After one year in an initial test program,the troubled students who participated in itshowed marked improvements in their behaviorat school and in their school work. First of all,these students improved school attendancerecords by 15%. Moreover, incidences in whichthe schools had to discipline these kidsdecreased by 50% as did incidences of theseyouths using violence at school. As a result,suspensions of these former troubled kids bythe school decreased by a whopping 54%.These statistics clearly showed that thestudents’ self-esteem as well as their attitudestowards their teachers, their school and theirschool work had significantly improved. Mostyouth self-reported significantly improvedcommitment to school and the parents of thesechildren concurred. Their children’s mentalhealth and school work were both much better.

With the reporting of the results of the initialstudy, more and more schools have beenadopting SBMH service programs. The evidencefrom these other programs backs up theconclusions made from the initial study.

Passage26


| 해석 |

문제들이 넘쳐나고 충분한 자료가 없을 때, 최근 들어 증거

에 기초한 관행들이 이용가능한 자료들을 가능한 한 효율적

으로 사용하기 위한 방법으로 인기를 더해 가고 있다. 학교

가 이러한 특성들을 가진 정부의 한 기관이다. 학교에는 수

많은 문제들이 있고 종종 모든 문제들을 다루기 위한 충분한

자료가 부족하다. 그러나 학교에 기초한 정신 건강(SBMH)

서비스가, 문제가 있는 10대들이 스스로에 대해 좀더 좋게

느끼게 해서 학교에서 더 잘하게 돕는 데에 있어서 효과적이

라는 증거들이 보여지면서, 점점 더 많은 학교들이 정신 건

강프로그램을채택하고있다.

SBMH 서비스가 효과가 있다는 확실한 증거가 있다. 초기

테스트 프로그램의 일년 후, 거기 참여했던 문제가 있던 학

생들이 학교에서의 행동과 학교 공부에 있어서 두드러진 향

상을 보여 주었다. 무엇보다도 이 학생들은 학교 출석률이

15% 증가되었다. 더욱이 학교에서 폭력을 사용한 청소년들

의 사건 발생률이 그랬듯이, 학교들이 이런 아이들에게 벌을

줘야 했던 사건 발생률이 50% 감소했다. 그 결과 학교에서

이런이전에문제있던아이들의정학률이엄청나게 54% 감

소했다. 이런 통계는 교사, 학교와 학업에 대한 태도뿐 아니

라 학생들의 자부심이 뚜렷하게 향상되었다는 것을 분명하게

보여 준다. 대부분의 청소년들이 확실하게 향상되었다고 학

교에 스스로 보고했고 이 아이들의 부모의 진술도 동일했다.

그들자녀들의정신건강과학업모두훨씬좋아졌다.

초기 연구의 그 결과 보고로, 점점 더 많은 학교들이 SBMH

서비스 프로그램을 채택해오고 있다. 다른 프로그램들로부터

의증거도초기연구에서얻어진결론을뒷받침해주고있다.

| 구문 |

A school is one governmental institution which

has these characteristics. / the troubled

students who participated in it showed marked

improvements

앞의 which와 뒤의 who는 주격관계대명사이다.

at helping troubled teenagers feel better about

themselves and do better at school

전치사 at의 목적어로 helping이 왔고, 이 helping의 목

적어로 troubled teenagers, 목적격보어로 feel과 do가

and로 연결된구조이다. help의 목적격보어로는 to부정사

도원형부정사도사용가능하다.

Quiz

1. How long have you been looking for a job?

2. He was tired because he had been working

since dawn.

3. I recognized him at once since I had seen him

before.

4. I had left my purse on the train, so I had to walk

home.

The students’ self-esteem as well as their

attitudes towards their teachers, their school and

their school work had significantly improved.

그들의어떤태도를말하는가?

→ towards their teachers, their school and their

school work

<문장의구조>

주어 → The students’ self-esteem as well as

their attitudes ~ school work동사 → had significantly improved

1. Evidence-based practices have recently

increased in popularity as a way to use available

resources as efficiently as possible. (가능한한효율적으로)

2. Schools have a myriad of problems and often

lack sufficient resources to tackle all of their

problems. (수많은문제들을가지고있다)

3. SBMH services are effective at helping troubled

teenagers feel better about themselves and do

better at school. (문제가있는십대들이~하게느끼도록돕는것)

4. The troubled students who participated in it

showed marked improvements in their behavior

at school and in their school work. (그것에참여했던)

5. Moreover, incidences in which the schools had

to discipline these kids decreased by 50% as

did incidences of these youths using violence

at school. (~의 사건발생률이그랬듯이)

WRITING

STRUCTURE

GRAMMAR

Answer Keys 17

| 정답 |

1. ② / ③

2. 육지에는지역마다오염물질들이다르므로보다안정

적인바다를선택했다.

3. 유조선이나다른큰배들이내뿜은에어로졸에의해만

들어진구름

4. ④

| 해설 |

1. In short, water vapor will not turn into clouds, mistor fog without aerosols.에서 ② It was found that

aerosols allow water vapor to condense into

clouds.(에어로졸이 수증기가 구름으로 응결되게 한다는

것이 밝혀졌다.)에 대한 사항을 확인할 수 있다. 또한 It

was a simple concept ~. This idea was accepted

as a basic truth which we never questioned ~.의

부분에서 ③ Many people thought it was a just

simple process without any doubts.(많은 사람들이

의심 없이 아주 단순한 과정이라고 생각했다.)의 내용도

알수있다.

다음 중구름형성에관해사실인것은? (2개)

① 수증기가구름형성에필요하지않다는것이입증되었다.

④ 과학자들은 구름 형성이 지구 궤도와 접한 관계가

있다는것을알아냈다.

⑤ 대기 중의 서로 다른 미립자들이 서로 다른 구름을 형

성하게 할 수 있다. → 대기 중의 서로 다른 미립자들이

구름 형성 이론을 실험하기 어렵게 한다는 언급만 되어

있으므로오답이라는데에유의한다.

2. Since the atmosphere above the world’s oceansis more stable than that above most cities에서 답을

알 수 있다. 즉, 육지에는 지역마다 오염 물질들이 다르기

때문에보다안정적인바다를선택한것이다.

3.“ship tracks”를 뒤에서설명해주고있는계속적용법의

관계대명사절 which are clouds created by the

aerosols emitted by tankers and other large ships

에서 그것이 무엇인지 알 수 있다. 즉, ship tracks란 유

조선이나 다른 큰 배들이 내뿜은 에어로졸에 의해 만들어

진구름이다.

4. 주어진문장의 This란 연구 결과밝혀진아황산가스가대

기 중에 황산 에어로졸을 만들어내고, 그것이 구름으로

하여금 태양빛을 반사하게 하고 더 많은 양의 수분을 지

니게 한다는 것이다. 바로 그것이 구름이 생성되는 과정

이므로, 주어진 문장은 (D)에 들어가야그흐름이가장자

연스럽다.

| 본문 |

Many of us have been taught that when water isheated, it evaporates into the air, rising up intothe sky and eventually forming clouds. It was asimple concept involving just water, the Sun,and the sky. This idea was accepted as a basictruth which we never questioned, as we neverdoubt whether the Earth orbits around the Sunor not. But as it turns out, we’ve all been misled.The whole process of cloud formation dependson the presence of aerosols, microscopicparticles, which are needed for the process ofcondensation to take place in the atmosphere.In short, water vapor will not turn into clouds,mist or fog without aerosols.

It is hard to test theories of cloud formationsince some variables cannot be evenlycontrolled. For instance, there are differentpollutants in the atmosphere above differenturban areas. Since the atmosphere above theworld’s oceans is more stable than that abovemost cities, scientists have been testing theoriesof cloud formation by studying “ship tracks,”which are clouds created by the aerosolsemitted by tankers and other large ships.Research has revealed that the sulfur dioxideemitted from the smokestacks of these shipscreates sulfate aerosol particles in theatmosphere, which cause clouds to reflect moresunlight and carry a greater amount of water.This is proof that humans have been creating andmodifying clouds for generations through theburning of fossil fuels. The study will move ontowards explaining some of the climacticmysteries, such as why the Southern Hemisphereis being affected by global warming much morequickly than the Northern Hemisphere.

Passage27


| 해석 |

우리들 대부분은 물이 끓으면 공기 중으로 증발해서 하늘로

올라가 결국 구름을 형성한다는 것을 배웠다. 그것은 단지

물, 태양, 하늘만을 포함한 단순한 개념이다. 이런 인식은 지

구가 태양 주위를 도는지 아닌지 결코 의심하지 않는 것처럼

결코 이의를 제기하지 않는 기본적인 사실로 받아들여졌다.

그러나 밝혀진 바에 의하면, 우리는 모두 잘못 알고 있었다.

구름 형성의 모든 과정은 에어로졸의 존재, 극소 미립자에

달려 있는데, 그것들은 대기 중에서 응결 과정이 일어나기

위해 필요한 것이다. 요약하면, 수증기는 에어로졸 없이는 구

름이나안개로변하지않을것이다.

몇몇 변수들이 고르게 통제될 수 없기 때문에, 구름 형성 이

론을 실험하기는 어렵다. 예를 들면, 서로 다른 도시 지역 상

공의 대기에는 서로 다른 오염 물질들이 있다. 바다 상공의

대기가 대부분의 도시 상공의 대기보다 더 안정적이기 때문

에, 과학자들은 구름 형성 이론을“ship tracks”를 연구하면

서 실험하고 있는데, 그것은 유조선이나 다른 큰 배들이 내

뿜은 에어로졸에 의해 만들어진 구름이다. 연구 결과, 이 배

들의 굴뚝에서 내뿜어진 아황산가스가 대기 중에 황산 에어

로졸 미립자를 만들어내는데, 그 미립자들이 구름으로 하여

금 더 많은 태양빛을 반사하게 하고 더 많은 양의 수분을 지

니게 한다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 이것은 인류가 여러 세대 동안

화석연료를 태우는 것을 통해 구름을 생성시키고 조절해오고

있다는 증거이다. 이제 연구는 남반구가 북반구보다 왜 훨씬

더 빠르게 지구온난화의 향을 받는지와 같은 가장 불가사

의한몇몇가지를설명하는것으로진행될것이다.

| 구문 |

the atmosphere above the world’s oceans is

more stable than that above most cities

비교의대상은동일한것이어야한다. 이문장은 the

atmosphere above the world’s oceans와 the

atmosphere above most cities가비교되고있는것인데,

반복되는어구 the atmosphere가 that으로대체되었다.

Quiz

1. 그녀는아버지에게긴편지를썼는데, 그는 그것을뜯지

도않고돌려보냈다.

→ She wrote her father a long letter, which he

sent back unopened.

GRAMMAR

2. 그 선생님은그의옛제자를만났는데, 제자는처음에는

그를알아보지못했다.

→ The teacher met his old student, who didn't

recognize him at first.

The sulfur dioxide emitted from the smokestacks

of these ships creates sulfate aerosol particles in

the atmosphere, which cause clouds to reflect

more sunlight and carry a greater amount of

water.

the sulfur dioxide는 어떤아황산가스인가?

→ emitted from the smokestacks of these ships

→ 해석: 이 배들의굴뚝에서내뿜어진아황산가스

which의 선행사는?

→ sulfate aerosol particles in the atmosphere

<문장의구조>

주어 → The sulfur dioxide emitted from the

smokestacks of these ships 동사 → creates목적어 → sulfate aerosol particles in the

atmosphere(관계사절) → which cause clouds ~ of water

1. This idea was accepted as a basic truth which

we never questioned, as we never doubt

whether the Earth orbits around the Sun or not.(기본적인사실로받아들여졌다)

2. In short, water vapor will not turn into clouds,

mist or fog without aerosols. (~으로변하지않을것이다)

3. It is hard to test theories of cloud formation

since some variables cannot be evenly

controlled. (~을 실험하기는어렵다)

4. The atmosphere above the world’s oceans is

more stable than that above most cities. (~보다더안정적인)

5. Sulfate aerosol particles in the atmosphere

cause clouds to reflect more sunlight and carry

a greater amount of water. (구름으로하여금더많은태양빛을반사하게한다)

WRITING

STRUCTURE

Answer Keys 19

| 정답 |

1. ④

2. ③

3. ①

4. 자연에서휴양을즐길수있다. / 많은 관광객을유치할

수있다.

| 해설 |

1. 호수가 심하게 오염되기 전에 호수를 지키고자 하는

Upper Midwest에 사는 사람들에관한이야기이다. 이미

오염되어 있다는 ④ Many of the lakes in the Upper

Midwest have been badly contaminated.(Upper

Midwest에 있는 많은 호수들은 심하게 오염되어 있다.)

는 사실이아니다.

다음중사실이아닌것은?

① 위성 사진은 사람들이 많은 호수의 물의 깨끗함을 평

가하는데도움이될수있다.

② 모든 호수의 수질을 수작업으로 측정하는 것은 불가능

하다.

③ 호수는 Upper Midwest에 사는 사람들의 생활 중심

에있다.

⑤ 수작업으로 이루어지는 테스트는 수질 오염에 관해 좀

더상세한정보를제공할수있다.

2. 수작업에서 위성 사진을 이용하게 되는 상황 가운데의 빈

칸이므로, ③ The situation, however, has recently

improved a lot.(그러나상황은최근들어상당히개선되

었다.)가 오는것이가장적절하다.

① 그러나 Upper Midwest의 상황은더나빠지고있다.

② 더욱이, 사람들은이문제를해결하기꺼리는것같다.

④ 그러나환경론자들은주의를기울여오고있다.

⑤ 기술조차도그상황을개선시키는데실패했다.

3. myriad는「무수한, 많은; 1만의; 가지각색의」라는 의미이

다. 그러므로① many와 같은뜻이다.

② 사소한 ③정확한

④필수적인 ⑤흔한

4. Not only do they provide an outlet for recreationand an ideal setting to connect with nature, but

they also draw in the bulk of the tourist trade.에서

정답을 찾을 수 있다. 즉, 호수가 the Upper Midwest의

사람들에게 중요한 이유는 자연에서 휴양을 즐길 수 있다

는것과관광객을유치할수있다는데있다.

| 본문 |

The fish tank hasn’t been cleaned in months; it’sa smelly, algae-filled tank that is choking the lifeout of the few remaining fish. When you finallyhave the time to clean it, you lift open the topand the stench repels you. So you want to leavethe job for another time and go do somethingelse. The stench of a polluted, algae-filled lake isnot different. No one wants to live or play nearone. Everyone wants a clean, crystal-clear laketo reside by or swim in.

In the Upper Midwest, lakes are so important topeople’s livelihoods that they want to halt theprocess of lakes becoming algae-infested no-gozones before it’s too late. Not only do theyprovide an outlet for recreation and an idealsetting to connect with nature, but they alsodraw in the bulk of the tourist trade. No onewants to see the pristine lake they fish on orswim in become polluted. But it’s not easy tomonitor water quality, for example, in the UpperGreat Lakes region of Michigan State wherethere are over 30,000 lakes and, where, untilrecently, all measurements were done by hand.Testing 30,000 lakes by hand is quite simply animpossible job.

The situation, however, has recently improved alot. Scientists have started using satell iteimagery to solve the problem of being unable tovisit every lake. They have found that satelliteimagery is a good tool to monitor certain typesof pollution and levels of algae in the water.While hand-testing might more comprehensivelyreveal myriad types of pollutants, satelliteimagery does have the benefit of having everylake included in the pollution report.

Passage28


| 해석 |

어항이 몇 달 동안 청소되지 않으면, 그것은 얼마 남지 않은

물고기들의 인생을 질식시키는 냄새나고 녹조가 가득한 어항

이 될 것이다. 마침내 그것을 청소할 시간을 가지게 되어, 뚜

껑을 들어올리면 악취가 덮칠 것이다. 그래서 그 일은 나중

에하고싶게되고다른일을한다. 오염되고녹조가잔뜩낀

호수의 악취도 다르지 않다. 아무도 그 근처에서 살거나 놀

고 싶어하지 않는다. 모든 사람이 깨끗하고 수정같이 맑은

호수옆에서살거나수 하고싶어한다.

Upper Midwest에서, 호수는 사람들의 생활에 너무 중요해

서 사람들은 너무 늦기 전에 호수가 녹조가 만연하여 출입금

지 지역이 되어가는 과정을 멈추게 하고 싶어한다. 호수는

휴양지와 자연과 접할 수 있는 이상적인 환경을 제공할 뿐만

아니라, 또한 많은 여행사를 끌어 모으기도 한다. 자신들이

낚시하고 수 하는 그 깨끗한 호수가 오염되는 것을 보고 싶

어하는 사람은 아무도 없다. 그러나 수질을 측정하는 것은

쉽지 않은데, 예를 들면, 미시간 주의 Upper Great Lakes

지역에는 3만개 이상의 호수가 있고, 거기서는 최근까지, 모

든 측정이 손으로 행해졌다. 3만의 호수를 손으로 시험하는

것은정말이지불가능한작업이다.

그러나 상황은 최근 들어 상당히 개선되었다. 과학자들은 모

든 호수를 방문하기 어렵다는 문제를 해결기 위해서 위성 사

진을 사용하기 시작했다. 그들은 위성 사진이 특정한 유형의

오염과 수질의 녹조 정도를 감시하는 데에 좋은 방편이라는

것을 알아냈다. 수작업으로 하는 테스트가 수많은 오염 물질

의 유형을 더 포괄적으로 밝혀내기는 하지만, 위성 사진은

모든 호수를 오염 보고서에 포함시킬 수 있게 하는 장점을

확실히가지고있다.

| 구문 |

Not only do they provide an outlet for recreation

and an ideal setting to connect with nature, but

they also draw in the bulk of the tourist trade.

<not only ~, but also ...> 구문으로 Not only라는 부정

어구가문두로나오면서주어(they)와 동사(do)가 도치된

형태이다.

No one wants to see the pristine lake (that) they

fish on or swim in become polluted.

lake와 they 사이에는 fish on or swim in의 목적어인

관계대명사 that이 생략되었다고볼수있다. 지각동사

see의 목적어가 the pristine lake [(that) they fish on

or swim in]이고, 목적격보어가원형부정사인 become이

온형태이다.

satellite imagery does have the benefit of having

every lake included in the pollution report

여기서 does have의 do는 강조의 do이다.

Quiz

1. 그 비행기가늦을가능성은거의없다.

→ There is little chance of the plane being late.

2. 내 상사는내가늦게출근하는것을개의치않는다.

→ My boss doesn’t mind my being late for

work.

3. 그는 그의비서가개인적인통화를하는것을싫어한다.

→ He dislikes his secretary making private

calls.

Scientists have started using satellite imagery to

solve the problem of being unable to visit every

lake.

무엇을위해위성사진을사용하는가?

→ to solve the problem of ~ every lake

무엇이가능하지않다는(unable) 것인가?

→ to visit every lake

<문장의구조>

주어 → Scientists동사 → have started목적어 → using satellite imagery (부정사구) → to solve ~ every lake

1. Everyone wants a clean, crystal-clear lake to

reside by or swim in. (근처에살거나안에서수 하는)

2. Lakes are so important to people’s livelihoods

that they want to halt the process of lakes

becoming algae-infested no-go zones. (사람들의생활에너무중요해서)

3. Not only do they provide an outlet for recreation

and an ideal setting to connect with nature, but

they also draw in the bulk of the tourist trade. (그것들은 ~을제공할뿐만아니라)

WRITING

STRUCTURE

GRAMMAR

Answer Keys 21

4. Until recently, all measurements were done by

hand. (손으로행해졌다)

5. Satellite imagery does have the benefit of

having every lake included in the pollution

report. (~의 장점을확실히가지고있다)

| A |01. 추상적인

02. 질식시키다

03. 벌을주다, 징계하다

04. 증발하다

05. 형성

06. 멈추게하다, 정지시키다

07. ~에참여하다

08. 오염물질

09. 거주하다, 살다

10. 안정적인

11. 통계(표)

12. 변수

| B |01. the whole process of cloud formation

02. the pollutant emitted from cars

03. control some variables

04. the troubled students who participated in the

test

05. a clean and clear lake to reside by

06. The water evaporates into the air.

| C |01. disciplined

02. Statistics

03. stable

04. abstract

05. chokes

06. halts

| D |01. ①

02. ①

03. ③

04. ①

05. ③

06. ②

07. ②

08. ③

09. ③

10. ①

Review


Chapter 08


amino acid 아미노산

asteroid 소행성

be composed of ~으로구성되다

be prone to -ing ~하는경향이있다

bound 반드시~하게되어있는

breath-taking 아슬아슬한

by instinct 본능적으로

cap off 뚜껑을덮다

carbohydrate 탄수화물

celestial 하늘의, 천체의

challenging 도전적인, 해볼 만한

combine 결합시키다

comet 혜성

connection 연결, 관련성

consistently 시종일관, 모순 없이

deadly 독을품고있는, 치명적인

defend 지키다, 보호하다

distinguish A from B A와 B를구별하다

drift 표류하다, 떠다니다

drone 수벌

dwarf 난쟁이

enhance 향상시키다, 고양하다

evaporate 증발시키다

experienced 경험있는, 숙련된

expert 전문가

explore 탐험하다

exquisite 절묘한, 훌륭한

eye-catching 눈길을끄는

frequency 횟수

grain 알갱이

helium 헬륨

hemisphere (뇌의) 반구

hive 꿀벌통

honeycomb 벌집

immense 거대한

in conjunction with ~와협력하여

in particular 특히

ingest 섭취하다

inquisitive 호기심많은

intriguing 흥미를자아내는

invader 침입자

larva 애벌레 (pl. larvae)

lay (알을) 낳다, (~을) 놓다

lifespan 수명

mimic 모방하다, 흉내내다

mimicry 모방, 흉내

nectar 꽃꿀

Neptune 해왕성

novice 초심자, 신참자

order 순서, 명령, 주문, 정리

orientation 방향

overall 종합적으로

participate 참여하다

pelagic 대양의, 원양에사는

pollen 꽃가루

pouch 주머니

protein 단백질

protrusion 돌출, 융기

Saturn 토성

saw 톱질하다, (침을) 쏘다

shark 상어

shattered 부서진, 산산 조각난

speck 작은조각, 입자

sponge 해면동물

sterile 자식을못낳는

stimulus 자극 (pl. stimuli)

stinger 침, 가시

stunning 근사한, 멋진

tempestuous 소용돌이치는

terrestrial 흙의

venom 독

vibration 진동

Answer Keys 23

| 정답 |

1. ⑤

2. right hemisphere: 시각적인자극을인식하고그정보를좌뇌로보낸다.

left hemisphere: 받은 정보를저장하고이것을나

중에사용한다.

3. ④

4. 단어들을시각적으로그의미와연결하여기억할수있

는능력이있으므로

| 해설 |

1. 전반에 걸쳐 ⑤ Learning sign language helps

babies’s brian development as they grow.(몸짓 언

어를 배우는 것은 아기들이 자랄 때 아기들의 두뇌 발달

에 도움이 된다.)이 잘 드러나 있다. 두 번째 단락의 첫

문장인 The process of learning sign language

enhances the development of the baby’s brain.에

그 내용이 직접적으로 나타나 있기도 하다. 아이들이 본

능적으로 모방하는 것을 이용하여 Sign language를 가

르치라고 한 것이 대부분의 아이들이 이것을 배운다는 뜻

은아니므로①은사실이아니다.

다음중 의내용으로보아사실인것은?

① 대부분의 아기들은 말하는 방법을 배우기 전에 몸짓

언어를배운다.

② 부모들은 아기들과 의사소통하기 위해 몸짓 언어를 배

워야한다.

③ 언어 능력 문제를 지닌 많은 어른들이 몸짓 언어를 배

우지않았다.

④ 아기들이 말하는 것을 배울 때, 일반적으로 몸짓 언어

가꼭필요한것은아니다.

2. 두 번째 단락에 의하면, 좌뇌는 시각적인 자극을 인식하

고그정보를좌뇌로보내는기능을하고, 우뇌는받은정

보를저장하고이것을나중에사용하게한다.

3. 주어진 문장은 몸짓 언어를 배우는 것이 나중에 아기로

하여금 정보를 더 잘 처리하도록 한다는 것이므로, 아이

가 자랄때의내용이시작되는 (D)가 가장 적절하다. 또한

these connections에 대한 내용 다음에 와야 한다는 것

도정답을찾는단서가된다.

4. 마지막 문장에서 답을 찾을 수 있다. 몸짓으로 표현하는

것을 훈련한 아이들은 단어를 시각적으로 그 의미와 연결

하여 기억할 수 있는 능력이 있기 때문에 단어의 의미를

더잘기억한다.

몸짓으로 표현하는 것을 훈련한 아이들이 단어의 의미를

덜잊어먹는이유를설명하시오. (우리말로)

| 본문 |

By instinct babies try to mimic adults behaviors.One form of mimicry that can be used as ateaching and developmental tool by parents issign language. Child development experts arerecommending that parents teach their babieshow to sign so that they can communicate withtheir babies even before those babies canspeak. Not only is signing thought to be a usefulstep in the direction toward full oralcommunication, the process of signing itself canalso help develop and improve the overallcapabilities of the brains of babies.

The process of learning sign language enhancesthe development of the baby’s brain. In theprocess of learning speech, information such aswords is stored in the brain’s left hemisphere. Inthe process of learning sign language, a babymust first recognize visual stimuli which areprocessed by the right hemisphere, then transferthe knowledge or information about that sign tothe left hemisphere of the brain for storage andlater reference. Therefore, the process of signinghelps develop the capacity of a baby’s brainsince the connections between the left and righthemispheres of a baby’s brain are beingdeveloped by this process.

The stronger and larger these connections aremade when they are little, the better they will beable to process information between the twohemispheres as they grow. Recent studies haveproven that babies who have learned signlanguage have more well-developed languageskills. The sign-trained children already have theability to remember words visually in conjunctionwith their real meaning, so they are less prone to

Passage29

forgetting the meaning of words when they startto learn to read.

| 해석 |

갓난아이들은 본능적으로 어른들의 행동을 흉내내려 한다.

교육과 발달의 도구로서 부모에 의해 사용될 수 있는 모방의

한 형태가 몸짓 언어이다. 아동 발달 전문가들은 갓난아기들

이 말할 수 있기 전이라도 아기들과 의사소통할 수 있도록

부모가 아이들에게 몸짓으로 표시하는 방법을 가르쳐야 한다

고 권고하고 있다. 몸짓은 완전한 구두 의사소통을 향한 방

향으로 가는 유용한 단계라고 생각될 뿐 아니라, 몸짓 과정

자체로도 아기들의 두뇌의 전체적인 능력을 발달시키고 향상

시키는데에도움이된다.

몸짓 언어를 배우는 과정은 갓난아이의 두뇌 발달을 향상시

킨다. 말하기 학습의 과정에서, 단어와 같은 정보는 갓난아이

의 좌뇌에 저장된다. 몸짓 언어 학습 과정에서, 아이는 처음

에 우뇌에 의해 진행되는 시각적 자극을 인식해야 하고, 그

런 다음 그 몸짓에 대한 지식이나 정보를 저장하고 나중에

사용하기 위해 뇌의 왼쪽 반구로 전송해야 한다. 그래서 몸

짓으로 표시하는 과정은 아기의 뇌의 능력을 발달시키는 데

에 도움이 되는데, 아기의 좌뇌와 우뇌의 연결이 이 과정에

의해발달되기때문이다.

어릴 때 이런 결합이 더 강하고 더 많이 만들어질수록, 아기

는 자라면서 좌뇌와 우뇌 사이의 정보를 더 잘 처리하게 될

것이다. 최근의 연구는 몸짓 언어를 배운 아기들이 잘 발달

된 언어 기술을 지닌다는 것을 증명해냈다. 몸짓으로 표현하

는 것을 훈련한 아이들은 이미 단어를 그 진짜 의미와 연결

하여 시각적으로 기억하는 능력을 지니고 있어서, 그들이 읽

는 것을 배우기 시작할 때 단어의 의미를 잊어버리는 경향이

더적다.

| 구문 |

Not only is signing thought to be a useful step

부정어구인부사 Not only가 문두로나오면서주어

(signing)와 동사(is)가 도치된문장이다.

The stronger and larger these connections are

made ~, the better they will be able to process

information ~.

<the+비교급 ..., the+비교급 ...> 구문으로‘~할수록더

욱…하다’의뜻이다.

Quiz

1. 의사는내가다이어트를해야한다고제안했다.

→ The doctor suggested that I (should) go on a

diet.

2. 그의 말은그녀가지금떠나야한다고제안했다.

→ His words suggested that she leave now.

A baby must first recognize visual stimuli which

are processed by the right hemisphere, then

transfer the knowledge or information about that

sign to the left hemisphere of the brain for

storage and later reference.

어떤 visual stimuli를 말하는가?

→ which are processed by the right hemisphere

→ 해석: 우뇌에서처리되는시각적인자극

transfer는 무엇을, 어디로이동을시키는것인가?

→ 무엇을: the knowledge or information about

that sign

→ 어디로: to the left hemisphere of the brain

<문장의구조>

주어 → A baby 동사 → must first recognize 목적어 → visual stimuli which are processed

by the right hemispherethen+동사 → then transfer목적어 → the knowledge or information

about that sign (전치사구) → to the left hemisphere of the brain (전치사구) → for storage and later reference

1. By instinct babies try to mimic adults behaviors.(~을 흉내내려한다)

2. Not only is signing thought to be a useful step,

the process of signing itself can also help

develop and improve the capabilities of the

brains. (몸짓은 ~라고생각될뿐아니라)

3. The stronger and larger these connections are

made, the better they will be able to process

information between the two hemispheres. (그들은더욱잘~하게될것이다)

WRITING

STRUCTURE

GRAMMAR


Answer Keys 25

4. The sign-trained children already have the

ability to remember words visually in

conjunction with their real meaning. (그 진짜의미와연결하여)

5. They are less prone to forgetting the meaning of

words. (잊어버리는경향이더적다)

| 정답 |

1. ③

2. 당: 약 80%

단백질: 약 0.2%

수분: 약 20%

3. 날개의움직이는방향 / 날개를흔드는횟수

4. ⑤

| 해설 |

1. The drone ~ has a lifespan of around 24 days에서 보면, ③ The drone dies immediately after

mating with the queen.(수벌은 여왕벌과 짝짓기를 한

후바로죽는다.)의 내용이틀리다는것을알수있다.

벌꿀에관해다음중사실이아닌것은?

①어떤벌도여왕벌보다오래살수없다.

② 일벌들은암컷이고수벌보다더오래산다.

④ 대다수의벌들은수벌과일벌들이다.

⑤ 수벌은적을죽이기위한독을가지고있지않다.

2. 꿀의 원료인 꽃꿀은 Nectar is up to 80% sugar but

less than 0.2% in protein인데, 여기에 수분이 20%가

되도록 만들면 꿀이 되는 것이므로, 꿀의 성분은 당이 약

80%, 단백질이약 0.2%, 수분이약 20%이다.

3. The orientation of her wing movements and thefrequency of her vibrations indicate the direction

and distance of the flowers.에서 보아, 벌은 날개의

움직이는 방향이 꽃의 방향을, 날개를 흔드는 횟수로 거

리를알려준다.

4. contract는「수축하다, 수축시키다」라는 의미이므로, 같

은 뜻의단어는⑤ constrict이다.

① 서약하다 ②넓히다 ③주사하다 ④삼키다

| 본문 |

Between 20,000 and 60,000 bees live in a singlehive. The queen bee’s main activity is layingeggs, approximately 1,500 eggs a day and itlives for up to 2 years. The drone is the beewhose only job is to mate with her and has alifespan of around 24 days — they have nostinger. And the worker bees, all sterile females,usually work to death, collecting pollen andnectar within 40 days in summer. Worker beesfly up to 14 km (9 miles) to find pollen andnectar, flying at 24 km/h (15 mph).

Pollen is the main source of protein and vitaminsfor bees, with the 10 amino acids they require.Nectar is up to 80% sugar but less than 0.2% inprotein, so nectar is the carbohydrate supply forthe hive. Bees place the nectar in honeycombcells and then evaporate the water from thenectar by rapid wing movement. When theamount of water comes down to 20%, this iscalled honey and the bees cap off the cells. Amixture of honey and pollen is called “beebread” and is the food for larvae and bees.

A worker bee communicates her floral findingsby performing a dance on the honeycomb. Theorientation of her wing movements and thefrequency of her vibrations indicate the directionand distance of the flowers. The worker beesdefend the hive. The strong stinger quickly sawsinto the skin of the invader and the venompouch begins to contract rhythmically to pumpvenom into the intruder.

| 해석 |

2만에서 6만 사이의 벌들이 하나의 꿀벌통에서 산다. 여왕벌

의 주요 활동은 알을 낳는 것인데, 하루에 약 1,500개의 알

을 낳고, 2년까지 산다. 수벌은 하는 일이 오직 여왕벌과 짝

짓기를 하는 것이고, 수명이 24일 정도인데 — 침을 가지고

있지 않다. 그리고 일벌은, 모두 알을 낳지 못하는 암컷으로,

여름의 40일 이내에 꽃가루와 넥타를 모으면서 일반적으로

죽을 때까지 일한다. 일벌들은 꽃가루와 넥타를 찾아서 시속

24km로 14km까지날아간다.

Passage30


꽃가루는 벌들에게 필요한 10가지 아미노산과 함께 단백질

과 비타민의 주요 공급원이다. 꽃꿀은 80%가 넘는 당과

0.2% 이하의 단백질이어서, 꽃꿀은 꿀벌들에게 탄수화물 공

급원이다. 벌들은 벌집의 봉방(蜂房)에 꽃꿀을 가져다놓고 빠

른 날개짓으로 꽃꿀에서 물을 증발시킨다. 물의 양이 20%까

지로 떨어지면, 이것이 꿀이라고 불리고, 벌들은 봉방을 마무

리한다. 꿀과 꽃가루의 혼합물은“bee bread”라고 불리고

애벌레와벌들의먹이이다.

일벌은 벌집 위에서 춤을 추는 것으로 꽃의 발견을 전달한

다. 날개 움직임의 방향과 진동의 횟수가 꽃이 있는 방향과

거리를 말해 주는 것이다. 일벌들은 벌집을 지킨다. 강한 침

이 침입자의 피부를 재빨리 쏘고 침입자에게 독을 주입하기

위해독주머니는리드미컬하게수축하기시작한다.

| 구문 |

The drone is the bee whose only job is to mate

with her

여기서 whose는 소유격관계대명사로사로서접속사와소

유격대명사의역할을동시에하고있다. ex. He has asister whose name is Mary.

with the 10 amino acids (that) they require

acids와 they 사이에는목적격관계대명사 that이 생략되

었다고볼수있다.

Quiz

1. 그녀는인터넷을검색하는것을즐긴다.

→ She enjoys surfing the Internet.

2. 나는 이제부터열심히공부하기로결심했다.

→ I decided to study hard from now on.

3. 당신은라디오소리를줄이는것이꺼려지나요?

→ Would you mind turning the radio down?

The worker bees, all sterile females, usually work

to death, collecting pollen and nectar within 40

days in summer.

The worker bees의 동격구는?

→ all sterile females

일벌은무엇을하면서일을하는가?

→ collecting pollen and nectar

STRUCTURE

GRAMMAR

<문장의구조>

주어 → The worker bees, all sterile females,동사 → usually work (전치사구) → to death(분사구) → collecting pollen and nectar (전치사구) → within 40 days in summer

1. The queen bee’s main activity is laying eggs,

approximately 1,500 eggs a day. (알을 낳는것이다)

2. The drone is the bee whose only job is to mate

with her. (그것의유일한일이짝짓기를하는것인)

3. The worker bees, all sterile females, usually

work to death, collecting pollen and nectar. (일반적으로죽을때까지일한다)

4. When the amount of water comes down to

20%, this is called honey. (~까지로떨어지다)

5. The strong stinger quickly saws into the skin of

the invader and the venom pouch begins to

contract rhythmically to pump venom into the

intruder. (침입자에게독을주입하기위해)

WRITING

Answer Keys 27

| 정답 |

1. ⑤

2. those with no experience

3. ④

4. 급류에떠내려가는플랑크톤을섭취하기위하여

| 해설 |

1. ⑤ There are various scuba diving lessons for less

or non experienced people.(경험이 없거나 적은 사람

들을 위한 다양한 스쿠버 다이빙 강습이 있다.)의 내용은

언급되지않았다.

보라카이섬이인기있는이유로언급되지않은것은?

① 가지각색의 다이버들을 위한 많은 스쿠버 다이빙 장소

들이있다.

② 전문가들이 다이빙 여행을 즐길 수 있는 많은 섬들이

있다.

③ 섬 근처 바다 아래에서 볼 수 있는 멋진 해양 생물들

이있다.

④ 사람들이 스쿠버 다이빙을 위해 많은 섬들 중에서 다

양한선택을할수있다.

2. novice는「초심자, 신참자」라는 뜻이다. 같은 뜻의 표현

은첫번째단락의 those with no experience이다.

3. 마지막단락에서보면, ④ huge rocks that came from

the deep sea(깊은 바다에서 올라온 거대한 암석)는 보

라카이안에있다고되어있다.

스쿠버 다이버들 사이에서 Laurel Island가 유명한 것이

아닌것은?

①빠른해저류에서의드리프트다이빙

②아름다운색깔의다양한산호

③다양한색의커다란해면동물

⑤깊은바다에사는많은다양한물고기들

4. brightly colored yellow and orange coral polypsopening up fully so that they can ingest planktons

passing by in the fast moving water에서 답을 찾을

수 있다. so that은 목적을 나타내는 표현임에 유의한다.

즉, Laurel Island 근처의산호폴립들이입을벌리고있는

것은급류에떠내려가는플랑크톤을섭취하기위함이다.

| 본문 |

Boracay, an island 315 km south of Manila, hasconsistently been rated as having the bestscuba diving sites in the world. Not only canexperienced divers find challenging and breath-taking dive sites to test themselves, but thereare also numerous easier sites for those with noexperience or for those who wish to snorkelrather than scuba dive.

Experienced divers, who wish to explore top-rated dive sites, can visit such areas as theSibuyan Sea, Tablas, Romblon, Semirara andLaurel Island. In particular Laurel Island hasstrong undercurrents surrounding it, making itdangerous for novice divers but challenging forexperienced divers. What happens near LaurelIsland is that the strong undercurrents allowskilled divers to participate in what is known asdrift diving, drifting along with the fast-movingundercurrent. Also near Laurel Island, divers arelikely to see brightly colored yellow and orangecoral polyps opening up fully so that they caningest plankton passing by in the fast movingwater. In addition to coral, divers can see hugesponges in many colors as well as numerousother pelagic f ish such as sharks andbarracudas.

Boracay itself has excellent dive sites whichoffer challenges to divers with less experience.One great site for divers to explore is Friday’sRock, a great protrusion of rocks from under thesea. It is home to brilliantly colored coral of thehard and soft variety. Other fish you are boundto see are darting butterfly fish, inquisitivewrasses, fast-moving damsels, playful bluetangs, and deadly stingrays.

| 해석 |

마닐라 남쪽 315km에 있는 섬, 보라카이는 시종일관 세상에

서 가장 좋은 스쿠버다이빙 장소로 간주되어 왔다. 숙련된

다이버들이 스스로를 테스트하기 위해 도전적이고 아슬아슬

한다이빙장소를찾을수있을뿐만아니라, 경험이 없는사

Passage31


람들이나 스쿠버다이빙보다는 스노클을 하기 바라는 사람들

을위한좀더쉬운수많은장소들또한있다.

일등급 다이빙 장소를 찾아내기 바라는 숙련된 다이버들은

Sibuyan Sea, Tablas, Romblon, Semirara와 Laurel

Island 같은 곳들을 방문할 수 있다. 특히 Laurel Island에

는 섬을 둘러싼 강한 해저류가 있어서, 초보 다이버들에게는

위험하지만, 숙련된 다이버들에게는 매력적이다. Laurel

Island 주변에서 생기는 일은 강한 해저류가 능숙한 다이버

들이 물살이 빠른 해저류를 따라 표류하는 드리프트 다이빙

이라고 알려진 것을 해 볼 수 있게 한다는 것이다. 또한

Laurel Island 근처에서, 다이버들은 급류에 떠내려가는 플

랑크톤을 섭취할 수 있도록 완전히 입을 벌린 화사한 빛깔의

노랗고 오렌지색의 산호 폴립을 보게 될 것이다. 산호 외에

도, 다이버들은 상어와 창꼬치 같은 수많은 멀리 사는 물고

기들뿐만 아니라 다양한 색깔의 거대한 해면 동물을 볼 수

있다.

보라카이 자체에 경험이 적은 다이버들에게 해보고 싶게끔

만드는 훌륭한 다이빙 장소들이 있다. 다이버들이 해 볼 만

한 좋은 장소는 바다 밑에서부터 암석이 거대하게 돌출되어

있는 Friday’s Rock이다. 그곳은 단단하고 부드러운 다양한

천연색의 산호 고향이다. 꼭 보게 될 다른 물고기들은 날쌘

나비 물고기, 호기심 많은 놀래기, 빠르게 움직이는 자리돔,

명랑하고파란쥐돔과독을품고있는노랑가오리들이다.

| 구문 |

Not only can experienced divers find challenging

and breath-taking dive sites to test themselves

Not only라는 부정어구가문두로도치되면서동사 can이

주어 experienced divers 앞으로도치된문장이다.

Quiz

1. 우리는쓰레기를재활용할필요가있다.

→ It is necessary for us to recycle waste.

2. 휴대전화를또잃어버리다니너는참부주의했구나.

→ It was careless of you to lose your cell phone

again.

3. 부자가천국에들어가는것은어렵다.

→ It is hard for a rich man to enter the kingdom

of heaven.

GRAMMAR

What happens near Laurel Island is that the

strong undercurrents allow skilled divers to

participate in what is known as drift diving.

강한해저류는 skilled divers가 무엇에참여하도록

해주는가?

→ what is known as drift diving

→ 해석: 드리프트다이빙으로알려진것에참여하도록

한다

<문장의구조>

주어 → What happens near Laurel Island 동사 → is 보어절→ that the strong undercurrents ~ as drift

diving

1. There are also numerous easier sites for those

with no experience or for those who wish to

snorkel rather than scuba dive. (경험이없는사람들을위한)

2. In particular Laurel Island has strong

undercurrents surrounding it, making it

dangerous for novice divers but challenging for

experienced divers. (숙련된다이버들에게는매력적이게)

3. What happens near Laurel Island is that the

strong undercurrents allow skilled divers to

participate in what is known as drift diving. (드리프트다이빙이라고알려진것)

4. Divers can see huge sponges in many colors as

well as numerous other pelagic fish such as

sharks and barracudas. (~뿐만아니라)

5. Other fish you are bound to see are darting

butterfly fish, inquisitive wrasses, and deadly

stingrays. (여러분이꼭보게될)

WRITING

STRUCTURE

Answer Keys 29

| 정답 |

1. ②

2. inner planets: 토질이나암석으로구성

outer planets: 가스로구성

3. ④

4. 강한바람 / 내부열기

| 해설 |

1. 태양계에 있는 행성들 중에 가장 큰 행성이라는 언급은

없다. 그러므로 ② It is the biggest among the

planets in the Solar System.이 사실이아니다.

토성에관한내용중사실이아닌것은?

①태양계의바깥쪽행성들로분류된다.

③ 격렬한대기중에강한바람이특징이다.

④ 넓은고리와많은위성을가지고있는바깥쪽행성이다.

⑤ 바깥쪽행성으로서주로가스로구성되어있다.

2. the planets can be divided into four terrestrial orrocky inner planets including Earth and four gas

giant outer planets라는 내용으로 보아 inner planets

는 토질이나암석으로구성되어있으며, outer planets는

가스로구성되어있음을알수있다.

3. 토성의 고리들은 소금 알갱이보다 크지 않은 작은 입자들

과 집채만큼 큰 얼음과 암석으로 구성되어 있다고 했다.

여기서 소금은 크기를 말하기 위한 것이므로, ④ It is

composed of grains of salt, ice and rock.(그것은 소

금, 얼음과암석으로구성되어있다.)의 내용이옳지않다.

토성고리에대한설명으로옳지않은것은?

①그것들은그행성에서수십만마일펼쳐져있다.

② 그것을구성하는성분의크기는다양하다.

③ 그것을구성하는성분은부서진천체에서왔다.

⑤ 각각의고리는다양한속도로그행성주위를돈다.

4. 마지막 문장 These hyper-speed winds, combinedwith heat rising from within the planet’s interior,

cause the yellow and gold bands visible in its

atmosphere.에서 강한 바람과 내부의 열로 인해 토성의

띠가노란색또는금색으로보인다는것을파악할수있다.

| 분문 |

The Solar System consists of the Sun and theother celestial objects: the eight planets, thehundreds of moons, three dwarf planetsincluding Pluto, and millions of small bodies. Inorder of their distance from the Sun, the planetsare Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,Uranus, and Neptune.

In broad terms, the planets can be divided intofour terrestrial or rocky inner planets includingEarth and four gas giant outer planets. And, withits stunning rings and dozens of moons, Saturnis the most intriguing among outer planets.Saturn is similar to Jupiter, Uranus and Neptunesince, like those outer planets, it is composed oftwo gases: helium and hydrogen. On the otherhand, it is unlike those planets because of itsfascinating and eye-catching rings. Saturn’sexquisite rings without a doubt are whatdistinguish it from all the other planets in theSolar System.

Saturn has the most wide-ranging ring system inour Solar System, stretching out hundreds ofthousands of miles from the planet. The ringsare composed of billions of small specks, whichare no bigger than a grain of salt, and billions ofhuge pieces, which can be as big as a house, ofice and rock orbiting Saturn at different speeds.The rocks come from shattered moons, cometsand asteroids. Each tiny or immense piece of iceor rock making up a ring, orbits the planet on itsown path.

The giant planet has a tempestuous atmospherewith winds which can reach speeds of up to1,800 km an hour. These hyper-speed winds,combined with heat rising from within theplanet’s interior, cause the yellow and goldbands visible in its atmosphere.

Passage32


| 해석 |

태양계는 태양과 다른 천체들로 구성되어 있다. 여덟 개의

행성, 수백 개의 위성, 명왕성을 포함하한 세 개의 꼬마 행성

들, 그리고 수만의 작은 물체들이 있다. 태양으로부터 떨어진

거리 순서로, 그 행성들은 수성, 금성, 지구, 화성, 목성, 토

성, 천왕성, 그리고해왕성이다.

넓게 말하면, 행성들은 지구를 포함하여 토질 또는 암석으로

된 네 개의 안쪽 행성과 가스로 된 거대한 4개의 바깥쪽 행

성으로 나누어질 수 있다. 그리고, 근사한 고리와 십여 개의

달을 가지고 있는 토성은 바깥쪽 행성들 중 가장 흥미롭다.

토성은 그 바깥쪽 행성들처럼 두 가지 가스 — 헬륨과 수소

— 로 구성되어 있기 때문에 목성, 천왕성, 그리고 해왕성과

비슷하다. 한편, 그 환상적이고 눈길을 사로잡는 고리들 때문

에 그 바깥쪽 행성들과 다르다. 토성의 멋진 고리들은 의심

할 여지 없이 토성을 태양계의 다른 행성들과 구별하게 하는

것이다.

토성은 우리 태양계에서 가장 넓은, 그 행성에서 수십만 마

일 밖으로 펼쳐진 고리 시스템을 가지고 있다. 그 고리들은

소금 알갱이보다 크지 않은 작은 입자들과 다른 속도로 토성

주위를 공전하는 집채만큼 큰 얼음과 암석인 수십억 개의 거

대한 조각들로 구성되어 있다. 그 암석들은 부서진 위성, 혜

성, 소행성들로부터 온 것이다. 하나의 고리를 이루는 얼음이

나 암석의 아주 작거나 거대한 각 조각들은 각자의 궤도를

가지고그행성을공전한다.

그 거대한 행성은 시간 당 1,800km의 속도에 이르는 바람

과 함께 소용돌이치는 대기를 갖고 있다. 이 과도한 속도의

바람은 그 행성의 내부에서 나오는 열과 결합하여 토성의 대

기에서노란금색의띠로보이게한다.

| 구문 |

Saturn has the most wide-ranging ring system in

our Solar System, stretching out hundreds of

thousands of miles from the planet.

stretching 이하는현재분사로시작하는분사구문이다.

These hyper-speed winds, combined with heat

rising from within the planet’s interior, cause the

yellow and gold bands visible in its atmosphere.

combined with ~ the planet’s interior는 과거분사로

시작하는분사구문으로, 문장 중간에삽입되어있다.

Quiz

1. All that I know is that I know nothing.

2. He always does what he believes is right.

3. What is learned in the cradle is carried to the

grave.

The planets can be divided into four terrestrial or

rocky inner planets and four gas giant outer

planets.

inner planets를 수식하는말을모두쓰시오.

→ four / terrestrial or rocky / (including Earth)

outer planets를 수식하는말을모두쓰시오.

→ four / gas giant

<문장의구조>

주어 → The planets 동사 → can be 보어 → divided(전치사구) → into ~ outer planets

1. In order of their distance from the Sun, the

planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars,

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. (~에서부터의거리순서로)

2. Saturn’s exquisite rings without a doubt are

what distinguish it from all the other planets in

the Solar System. (의심할여지없이)

3. The rings are composed of billions of small

specks, which are no bigger than a grain of salt,

and billions of huge pieces, which can be as big

as a house. (그런데그것은~보다더크지않다)

4. Each tiny or immense piece of ice or rock

making up a ring, orbits the planet on its own

path. (각자의궤도(길)로)

5. These hyper-speed winds, combined with heat

rising from within the planet’s interior, cause the

yellow and gold bands visible in its atmosphere.(노란 금색의띠로보이게한다)

WRITING

STRUCTURE

GRAMMAR

Answer Keys 31

| A |01. ~하는경향이있다

02. A와 B를구별하다

03. 탐험하다

04. 절묘한, 훌륭한

05. 횟수, 빈도

06. 거대한

07. 섭취하다

08. 호기심많은

09. 흥미를자아내는

10. 모방하다, 흉내내다

11. 초심자, 신참자 (↔ expert 전문가)

12. 자식을못낳는

| B |01. be dangerous for a novice

02. be less prone to forgetting

03. mimic one’s behavior

04. the frequency of pulse

05. explore the Antarctic Continent

06. distinguish Saturn from all the other planets

| C |01. sterile

02. immense

03. ingest

04. inquisitive

05. exquisite

06. intriguing

| D |01. ③

02. ②

03. ②

04. ③

05. ②

06. ③

07. ①

08. ②

09. ②

10. ①

Review


Chapter 09


aid 도움(을 주다)

appliance 기구, 장치

archeological 고고학적인

archeologist 고고학자

around the corner 바로근처의

be supposed to ~하기로되어있다

carve 조각하다, 새기다

complicate 복잡하게하다

confusion 혼란

date back 거슬러올라가다

dedicated 특정한목적을위한

distraction 주의산만

extensively 광범위하게

fallout 악 향, 부산물

festering 염증을일으키는

gene 유전자

genius 천재

get rid of ~을제거하다

hallway 복도

heal 치유하다

ill-will 악의

imply 함축하다, 의미하다

inevitable 피할수없는, 불가피한

instinct 직관, 본능

intensify ~의도를더하다

internal 내부의, 내면적인

meditation 명상

orderly 순서있게, 정연하게

originate 유래하다, 시작하다

potentially 혹시, 잠재적으로

prehistoric 선사시대의

property 특징, 특성

psychologist 심리학자

purpose 목적, 용도

quartz 수정

resist 저항하다, 향받지않다

result in ~의결과를낳다

ritual 의식, 행사

scatter 흩어지다

smirk 능 맞게웃다

split 쪼개진, 분할된

squabble 사소한말다툼

subconscious 잠재의식의

subtract 빼다, 감하다

value 가치, 값

worn-out 닳아빠진, 낡은

| 정답 |

1. ④

2. ③

3. 다른환경: 더 시끄러운복도에서시험을치름

그이유: 주의를산만하게하는요소들이결과에 향

을미치는지를알아보기위해서

4. their backgrounds / their instincts / knowing

how to calculate

| 해설 |

1. 세 번째 단락의 to see if more distractions than in

the first study could affect the result로 보아, 같은 문

제를 다른 계층의 아이들에게 다른 환경에서 실험했음을

알 수 있다. 그러므로 ④ All the kindergartners have

gotten the same math problems in the test.(모든유치

원아이들이실험에서같은수학문제를풀었다.)는옳다.

다음중옳은것은?

① 잘 교육받은 가정의 아이들이 실험에서 더 좋은 결과

를얻었다.

② 가난한 가정의 유치원생들이 그 실험에서 가장 낮은

점수를받았다.

③두실험모두에서유치원생들의절반이옳은답을했다.

⑤ 많은유치원아이들이답을추측했다는것이밝혀졌다.

Passage33

Answer Keys 33

2. 추측했다면 절반만이 답을 맞혔을 것이라고 언급한 이유

는 아이들이 추측이나 계산하지 않고 직관을 사용하여 옳

은 답을 얻는다는 것을 말하기 위한 것이다. 그러므로 ③

to emphasize that the kindergartners didn’t just

guess the answer(유치원 아이들이 답을 단순히 추측

하지않았다는점을강조하기위해)가 정답이다.

필자는왜단순한추측의가능한결과를언급하고있는가?

① 실험에서 아이들이 서로에게 부정행위를 하지 않았다

는것을확인하기위해

② 연구원들이 생각했던 것보다 결과가 더 높았다는 것을

지적하기위해

④ 잘 교육받은 가정의 아이들이 얼마나 똑똑한지 보여

주기위해

⑤그결과를보통유치원생들의결과와비교하기위해

3. 두 번째 실험의 대상은 가난한 중산층 가정의 아이들이

고, 환경은 좀더 더 시끄러운 복도에서 치러졌으며, 그 이

유는 주의를 산만하게 하는 요소들이 결과에 향을 미치

는지를알아보기위해서이다.

4. 계산을 하지 못하는 아이들도 직관을 사용하여 수학 문제

의 답을 알아낼 수 있고, 배경이나 환경에 향받지 않는

다는실험의내용이다. 그러므로요약하면, 다음과같다.

→ Regardless of their backgrounds, kids can use

their instincts to estimate values without knowing

how to calculate.

(배경과는상관없이, 아이들은계산하는방법을알지못해

도가치를측정하기위해직관을사용할수있다.)

| 본문 |

It’s probably too much to say that kids arenatural math geniuses. But researchers feel thatit is safe to say that kids can solve some mathproblems even without knowing how to add orsubtract. By using their instincts to estimatevalues, kids can avoid the confusion of exactcalculations. Some psychologists recentlytested kids from a variety of backgrounds tomake sure that wealth or level of educationdidn’t affect the results.

In the first study, 20 of 5 to 6-year-olds fromwealthy, well-educated families sat in front ofcomputers that showed a split computer screenwhich displayed a boy’s face on one side and agirl’s face on the other. Above the girl’s face was

a bag with the number 21 printed on it. Thescreen read, “She has 21 candies.” Then thepicture of the girl changed. Above her was a bagwith the number 30 on it. The screen read, “Shegets 30 more candies.” Above the picture of theboy was a bag marked 34. The screen read, “Hehas 34 candies.” Now, kids were asked “Whohas more?” Nearly three-quarters ofkindergartners got the answer right. If the kidshad just guessed who had more candies, onlyhalf of them would have been correct.

For the second experiment, the scientists tested37 kindergartners from poor and middle-classfamilies. The kids had to answer questions in ahallway outside their school classroom, where itwas very noisy, to see if more distractions thanin the first study could affect the result. Still,more than 75% of these kids got the answersright.

| 해석 |

아이들이 타고난 수학 천재라고 말하는 것은 너무 지나친 일

인지도 모른다. 그러나 연구가들은 아이들이 더하거나 빼는

방법을 알지 못하고서도 수학 문제를 풀 수 있다고 말해도

괜찮다고 느낀다. 가치를 측정하기 위해서 직관을 사용함으

로써, 아이들은 정확한 계산이라는 혼란을 피할 수 있다. 어

떤 심리학자들은 최근에 부나 교육의 수준이 그 결과에 향

을 미치지 않는다는 것을 확신하기 위해 다양한 배경의 아이

들을실험했다.

첫 번째 연구에서, 부유하고 잘 교육받은 가정의 5~6세 된

20명의 아이들이 한쪽에는 소년의 얼굴이 있고 다른 한쪽에

는 소녀의 얼굴이 있는 스크린이 분리되어 있는 컴퓨터 앞에

앉았다. 소녀의 얼굴 위에는 21이라는 숫자가 프린트 된 가

방이 있었다. 그 스크린에는“그녀는 21개의 사탕을 가지고

있다.”고 쓰여 있었다. 그리고 나면 소녀의 사진이 바뀌었다.

그녀 위에는 30이라는 숫자가 쓰여 있는 가방이 있게 되었

다. 그 스크린에는“그녀는 사탕을 30개 더 받는다.”라고 쓰

여 있었다. 소년의 사진 위에는 34가 새겨진 가방이 있었다.

그 스크린에는“소년은 34개의 사탕을 가지고 있다.”라고 쓰

여 있다. 이제, 아이들은“누가 더 많이 가지고 있는가?”라는

질문을 받았다. 유치원생들의 거의 4분의 3이 옳은 답을 했

다. 그 아이들이 누가 더 많은 사탕을 가지고 있는지 추측했

다면, 절반만이맞혔을것이었다.


두 번째 실험에서, 과학자들은 가난하고 중산층의 가정에서

37명의 유치원생들을 실험했다. 그 아이들은 교실 밖 복도에

서 답해야 했는데, 그곳은 매우 시끄러웠고, 첫 번째 연구에

서보다 주의를 산만하게 하는 요소들이 더 많으면 그 결과에

향을 미칠지 알아보기 위한 것이었다. 그럼에도 불구하고,

이 아이들의 75% 이상이답을맞혔다.

| 구문 |

But researchers feel that it is safe to say that

kids can solve some math problems

feel that의 that은 feel의 목적어로 that절이 온것이다.

그 that절의 주어 it은 가주어이며, to say 이하가진주어

이다. say의 목적어로또다른 that절이 오고있다.

Above her was a bag with the number 30 on it. /

Above the picture of the boy was a bag marked

34.

두문장모두 <부사구+동사+주어>의 도치구문이다.

The kids had to answer questions in a hallway to

~ see if more distractions than in the first study

could affect the result.

여기서 to see는 to부정사의부사적용법으로목적을나타

내고있다. 또한 see의목적어로의문사없는간접의문문

이온형태이다. 이때의 if는‘~인지 (아닌지)’로해석한다.

Quiz

1. 우리가조금더일찍일어났더라면비행기를탈수있었

을것이었다.

→ If we had got up earlier, we could have

caught the plane.

2. 만약 그가안전벨트를착용하지않고있었더라면그는

심하게부상을입었을것이다.

→ He would have been seriously injured if he

hadn’t been wearing a seat belt.

3. 만약 클레오파트라의코가조금만더낮았더라면, 세계의

역사는바뀌었을것이다.

→ If Cleopatra’s nose had been shorter, the

whole face of the earth would have changed.

GRAMMAR

20 of 5 to 6-year-olds from wealthy, well-educated

families sat in front of computers that showed a

split computer screen which displayed a boy’s

face on one side and a girl’s face on the other.

20란 어떤아이들인가?

→ 5 to 6-year-olds from wealthy, well-educated

families

→ 해석: 교육받은부유한가정의 5~6세 아이들 20명

computers는 어떤컴퓨터들인가?

→ showed a split computer screen

screen은 어떤스크린인가?

→ displayed a boy’s face on one side and a

girl’s face on the other

<문장의구조>

주어 → 20 of 5 to 6-year-olds from wealthy,

well-educated families 동사 → sat (전치사구) → in front of computers (관계사절) → that showed a split computer

screen(관계사절) → which displayed a boy’s face on

one side and a girl’s face on the

other

1. It’s probably too much to say that kids are

natural math geniuses. (~라고말하면너무지나칠것이다)

2. But researchers feel that it is safe to say that

kids can solve some math problems even

without knowing how to add or subtract. (더하거나빼는방법을알지못하고서)

3. Above the girl’s face was a bag with the number

21 printed on it. (소녀의얼굴위에는가방이있었다)

4. The screen read, “She gets 30 more candies.”(그 스크린에는쓰여있었다)

5. The kids had to answer questions in a hallway

to see if more distractions than in the first study

could affect the result. (~인지아닌지알아보기위해서)

WRITING

STRUCTURE

Answer Keys 35

| 정답 |

1. ④

2. 보석, 장신구의목적 / 치료또는명상의목적 / 종교적

인목적

3. ③

4. ③

| 해설 |

1. 이 은 크리스털이 고대로부터 다양한 목적으로 사용된

예들을 보여 주는 이므로, 의 화제는 ④ ancient

proofs of using crystals for various purposes(다양

한목적으로크리스털이사용된고대의증거들)이다.

다음중이 의화제로가장적절한것은?

①건축물에크리스털이사용된고대의증거

②명상의용도로크리스털을사용한기원

③선사시대의종교에있어크리스털의 적인힘

⑤크리스털이대단히숭배되었던고대의국가들

2. 첫번째단락에서쓰인단어들로답을알아볼수있다. 우

선 jewelry로 쓰인다고 되어 있으며, Furthermore 이후

에는 specific physical and mental health problems

의 내용이, Lastly 이후에는 a strong spiritual

connection에 관한 것을 이야기하고 있다. 즉, 세 가지

주된용도는보석및장신구류, 건강, 종교적인것이었다.

고대에 크리스털의 세 가지 주된 용도는 무엇인가? (우리

말로)

3. 크리스털은 아일랜드, 이집트, 아메리카, 아시아, 인도 등

에서 여러 가지 용도로 사용되었다는 이므로, ③ The

use of crystals was not limited to particular

cultures.(크리스털의 이용은 특별한 문화에 제한되어 있

지않았다.)가 유추할수있는내용이다.

다음중이 에서추론될수있는것은?

①고대에크리스털을이용했다는증거가부족하다.

② 크리스털은 몇몇 고대 문명에서는 그다지 인기 있지

않았다.

④ 특정 계급의 사람들만이 크리스털을 사용하는 특혜가

있었다.

⑤ 대부분의 크리스털은 유럽과 아메리카의 국가들에서

채굴되었다.

4. properties는「특성, 특질」이라는뜻이다. 그와 같은 의미

의어휘는③의 qualities이다.

① 구조물 ②자산 ④물질 ⑤보석

| 본문 |

The history of crystal dates back thousands ofyears to Mesopotamian times. As we studyhistory we find crystals were in use for otherpurposes than jewelry. Crystals make beautifuljewelry because by definition they have anorderly internal structure that is reflected bylight. Furthermore, it is believed that specificcrystals can aid specific physical and mentalhealth problems. All we have to do is place themnear us to get these health benefits. Lastly, therehas always been a strong spiritual connectionwith crystals which is partly related to both theirbeauty and their mental health benefits.

In Boyne Valley in Ireland, there is an ancientgrave, which is older than the pyramids, built byprehistoric people. The grave is a kind of solartemple which has a roof covered in white quartz,representing the White Goddess. It was built toallow the sun to shine through on the WinterSolstice. There has also been archeologicalevidence that crystals were used by theEgyptians. Archeologists have concluded thatcrystals were extensively used for numerouspurposes, including spiritual purposes in North,Central, and South America. In Asia, quartz hasa long tradition of being carved and admired forits beauty. The heart of the dragon which inAsian tradition is admired for its wisdom andintelligence is frequently represented by acrystal ball. Lastly, ancient India also has a richtradition of using crystals. Indians were the firstto place crystals on the body for healing andmeditation purposes. This is where the idea ofusing crystals for their energy giving propertiesoriginated.

Passage34


| 해석 |

크리스털의 역사는 메소포타미아 시대로 수천 년 거슬러 올

라간다. 그 역사를 연구하면, 우리는 크리스털이 보석류보다

는 다른 용도로 쓰 다는 것을 발견하게 된다. 크리스털은

확실히 빛에 의해 반사되는 질서정연한 내부 구조를 가지고

있기 때문에 아름다운 장신구류를 만든다. 게다가, 특별한 크

리스털은 특별한 신체 건강과 정신 건강 문제에 도움을 줄

수 있다고 믿어진다. 이런 건강상의 이익을 얻기 위해 우리

는 크리스털을 우리 가까이에 두기만 하면 된다. 마지막으로,

그 아름다움과 정신 건강의 이익 모두와 부분적으로 관련된

크리스털과의강한 적인결합이항상있어왔다.

아일랜드의 Boyne Valley에, 거대한 무덤이 있는데, 그것은

피라미드보다 더 오래된 것으로 선사시대의 사람들에 의해

지어졌다. 그 무덤은 투명한 수정으로 뒤덮인 지붕을 가진

일종의 태양의 사원으로, 투명한 여신을 상징한다. 그것은 동

지에 태양이 그것을 통과하여 안을 비출 수 있도록 건축되었

다. 또한 크리스털은 이집트 사람들에 의해 사용되었다는 고

고학적인 증거도 있었다. 고고학자들은 크리스털이 아메리카

의 북부, 중부, 남부에서 적인 목적을 포함하여, 수많은 용

도로 광범위하게 사용되었다고 결론 내렸다. 아시아에서, 수

정은 그 아름다움 때문에 조각되고 숭배된 오랜 전통을 가지

고 있다. 아시아의 전통상, 그 지혜와 지능으로 칭송되는 용

의 심장이 종종 크리스털 공으로 표현된다. 마지막으로, 고대

인도는 크리스털 이용에 있어 풍부한 전통을 가지고 있다.

인도 사람들이 치유와 명상을 목적으로 크리스털을 몸에 걸

친 첫 번째 사람들이었다. 여기가 크리스털의 에너지를 주는

특성을이용한다는생각이시작된곳이다.

| 구문 |

they have an orderly internal structure (that is)

reflected by light / with crystals (which is) partly

related to both their beauty and their mental

health benefits

<주격 관계대명사+be동사>는 생략가능하다.

The grave is a kind of solar temple which has a

roof covered in white quartz / The heart of the

dragon which in Asian tradition is admired for its

wisdom and intelligence

두문장모두에있는 which는 주격관계대명사로, <주격

관계대명사+be동사>는 생략가능한데반해, 주격 관계대

명사는생략불가능하다.

Quiz

1. I decided to study hard from now on.

→ 생략불가

2. What I really wanted to do was to gain honor

from other people.

→ 생략불가 / 생략 가능

3. The best we can do is to help them to get rid of

the oil from the sea.

→ 생략가능 / 생략 가능

The heart of the dragon which in Asian tradition

is admired for its wisdom and intelligence is

frequently represented by a crystal ball.

무엇이, 어디서, 무엇 때문에동경의대상이되었나?

→ 무엇이: the dragon

→ 어디서: in Asian tradition

→ 무엇때문에: for its wisdom and intelligence

<문장의구조>

주어 → The heart of the dragon(관계사절) → which in Asian tradition is admired

for its wisdom and intelligence동사 → is 보어 → frequently represented (전치사구) → by a crystal ball

1. The history of crystal dates back thousands of

years to Mesopotamian times. (거슬러올라간다)

2. As we study history we find crystals were in use

for other purposes than jewelry. (~로 사용되는)

3. All we have to do is place them near us to get

these health benefits. (우리가해야하는모든것은)

4. It was built to allow the sun to shine through on

the Winter Solstice. (태양이비출수있도록)

5. This is where the idea of using crystals for their

energy giving properties originated. (여기가 ~한곳이다)

WRITING

STRUCTURE

GRAMMAR

Answer Keys 37

| 정답 |

1. ⑤

2. try: 실제로하고있는것이아니라하려고한다는뜻

이다.

lose: 다시 찾겠다는뜻을내포하고있다.

3. I will get rid of my weight.

4. yourself / your brain

| 해설 |

1. 우리의 뇌는 우리가 하고 싶어하는 것과 말하는 것을 하

게끔 프로그램화된다는 내용이므로, ⑤ Our mind is

directed exactly by what is said or thought.(우리

마음은말하고생각하는것에의해정확하게규제된다.)가

정답이다.

이 에따르면, 다음 중사실인것은?

① 우리 마음은 마음이 하고자 하는 것을 하도록 프로그

램화되어있다.

② 우리마음은명령어가정확할때에만작동한다.

③ 우리마음은할수있는것이상인것은피한다.

④ 우리 마음은 쉽다고 여겨지는 것을 받아들이도록 설계

되어있다.

2. try라는 말은 실제로 하고 있는 것이 아니라 하려고 한다

는 뜻이어서 피하는 것이 좋고, lose라는 단어는 잃어버

렸으니까 다시 찾아야겠다는 뜻을 내포하고 있기 때문에

피하는것이좋다고언급되고있다.

3. try와 lose라는 단어를 사용하지 말라고 했으므로, 살을

빼고자 할 때 해야 할 말은 I will get rid of my weight.

이 될 것이다.

4. 필자는 처음에 컴퓨터에 관한 이야기를 하면서 사람의 머

리또는자신에비유하고있음을알수있다. 따라서여기

의 computer는 사람의 두뇌 또는 자신이라는 말과 동의

어가된다.

| 본문 |

When we program a computer, we are telling itexactly what we want it to do. And it will doexactly what we want it to do. It is exactly thesame with humans and every day you are

programming yourself even if you don’t know it.Whenever you tell yourself something aboutyour expectations and goals, you areprogramming your internal, sub-consciouscomputer. If you look at your class schedule andsay, “Math is hard. I hate it,” sure enough youwon’t do well in math. You’ve programmed yourbrain to think that it’s too hard for you, so youhave almost no chance of ever succeeding atmath.

Do you often tell people that you are trying tolose weight? When you say you are trying thatmeans that you aren’t actually doing it. It meansthat you are only trying. When you saysomething like this, it is inevitable that you willfail.

The word ‘lose’ is also bound to lead you tofailure if you go around telling others that “I amtrying to lose weight.” The word ‘lose’ impliesthat you want to find whatever has been lost. Doyou want to find your lost weight? Not really. Butwhat is happening is that your subconscious isbeing programmed to accept failure.

So what should you say when you have old,worn-out clothes that you no longer wear? Orwhat do you do with them? You GET RID OFthem. Why not try doing the same thing withyour weight? Say “I will get rid of my weight.”

| 해석 |

컴퓨터를 프로그램할 때, 우리는 컴퓨터가 무엇을 하기를 원

하는지 정확하게 말한다. 그러면 컴퓨터는 우리가 그것에게

하기를 원하는 것을 정확히 할 것이다. 그것은 사람에게도

정확하게 같아서 당신은 잘 모를지라도 매일 당신 자신을 프

로그램하고 있다. 자신의 기대와 목표에 대한 것들을 스스로

에게 말할 때마다, 당신은 내적이고 잠재의식적인 컴퓨터를

프로그램하는 것이다. 시간표를 보면서“수학은 어려워. 수학

이 싫어.”라고 말하면, 당신이 수학에서 잘 못할 것이라는 점

이 너무나 확실하다. 그것이 당신에게 너무 어렵다고 생각하

면서 당신의 뇌를 프로그램하면, 수학에서 성공할 수 있는

기회조차거의가질수없을것이다.

당신은 체중을 줄이려 하고 있다고 사람들에게 자주 말하는

Passage35


가? 그러려고 한다고 말하면, 그것은 당신이 실제로 하고 있

지 않다는 것을 의미한다. 그것은 당신이 단지 시도 중이라

는 것을 의미한다. 이런 식으로 말하면, 실패하는 것은 불가

피하다.

“나는 체중을 줄이려고 하고 있다.”고 다른 사람들에게 말하

면서 다니면, ‘lose’라는 단어 또한 어쩔 수 없이 당신을 실

패하게 한다. ‘lose’라는 단어는 무엇을 잃었든간에 찾기를

원한다는 것을 암시한다. 줄인 체중을 되찾기를 원하는가?

정말은 그렇지 않을 것이다. 그러나 (그렇게 함으로써) 일어

나는 일은 당신의 잠재의식이 실패를 받아들이도록 프로그램

되게한다는것이다.

그러니까더이상입지않는낡고해진옷이있을때, 무엇이

라고 말해야 하겠는가? 즉, 옷을 가지고 무엇을 하겠는가?

그것들을 버린다. 왜 체중에 대해서도 같은 말을 하려 하지

않는가? “나는체중을없앨것이다.”라고말하라.

| 구문 |

we are telling it exactly what we want it to do /

And it will do exactly what we want it to do. / But

what is happening is that your subconscious is

being programmed to accept failure.

세문장에쓰인 what은 모두선행사를포함한관계대명사

이다. 첫 문장의 what은 tell의 직접목적어이자 to do의

목적이다. 두 번째문장의 what은 앞의 do의 목적어이자

to do의 목적어이다. 세 번째문장의 what은 주어절 is

happening의 목적어이자주절 is의 목적인것이다. 세

번째문장에나오는세개의 is 중에 문장전체의주어는

중간의 is임에유의한다.

Quiz

1. 그는겨우 21살이지만그는이미세계적인명성을얻었다.

→ He’s only 21, but he has already achieved

worldwide fame.

2. 그 비행기는방금김포국제공항에서이륙했다.

→ The plane has just taken off from Gimpo

International Airport.

3. 과학자들은오존층이더엷어져가고있다는것을알아차

렸다.

→ Scientist have noticed that the ozone layer

has been getting thinner.

GRAMMAR

When we program a computer, we are telling it

exactly what we want it to do.

누구에게무엇을말하는가?

→ 누구에게: it(a computer)

→ 무엇을: what we want it to do

밑줄친두개의 it이 가리키는대상은?

→ a computer

<문장의구조>

(부사절) → When we program a computer주어 → we동사 → are telling간접목적어 → it(부사) → exactly직접목적어 → what we want it to do

1. It will do exactly what we want it to do. (우리가그것에게하기를원하는것)

2. You have almost no chance of ever succeeding

at math. (~의 기회를거의가질수없다)

3. When you say something like this, it is inevitable

that you will fail. (이런 것을말하다)

4. The word ‘lose’ is also bound to lead you to

failure. (또한 어쩔수없이~를이끌게되어있다)

5. But what is happening is that your

subconscious is being programmed to accept

failure. (일어나고있는일은)

WRITING

STRUCTURE

Answer Keys 39

| 정답 |

1. ③

2. ④

3. 선물을받을사람이어떤것을좋아하는지모르기때문

에

4. ②

| 해설 |

1. 이 은 흩어져 있던 가족들이 다 함께 모이는 크리스마

스가 서로에게 상처를 주는 시간이 될 수도 있다는 내용

이다. 즉, 이 의 주제로는 ③ Christmas can be a

miserable time of the year for some people.(크리스

마스는 어떤 사람들에게는 일년 중 슬픈 날이 될 수도 있

다.)이 가장적절하다.

다음중이 의주제로적절한것은?

①크리스마스에가족들은어떤논쟁도피해야한다.

② 가족들을 위한 선물을 준비할 때, 사람들은 조심해야

한다.

④ 크리스마스는 일년 중 가장 기억될 만한 가족들의 모

임이되어야한다.

⑤ 크리스마스의 진정한 의미는 시간이 지남에 따라 왜곡

되었다.

2. 빈칸의 앞뒤 모두 서로에게 상처를 줄 수 있다는 내용이

전개되고 있으므로, 빈칸에는 나쁜 마음이 드러날 수 있

다는④ can come to the surface가 들어가야한다.

① 어느정도완화될수있다

②가족들과논의될수있다

③크리스마스동안무시된다

⑤가족관계를향상시키는데도움이된다

3. 마지막 단락은 서로에 대해 잘 모르기 때문에, 크리스마

스 선물을 주고받는 것이 사소한 문제들을 더 건들일 수

있다는 내용이다. 즉, 우리가 꽉 막혀 있는 것은 선물을

받을사람이어떤것을좋아하는지모르기때문인것이다.

4. squabbles는「시시한 언쟁, 말다툼」이라는 뜻이므로, 이

와 바꾸어쓸수있는것은②의 quarrels이다.

| 본문 |

Christmas comes once a year, but as far ascommercial interests and town centres areconcerned, you can safely say that about twomonths a year are dedicated to it. With familieschasing their careers all over the country, it’soften difficult to get to know the people weshare most of our genes with. All of a suddenChristmas is around the corner.

It’s probably one of the few times of the yearwhen people get to meet and catch up —especially now families are scattered all over thecountry. And it is quite common that festering ill-will for an aunt, an uncle or whomever can cometo the surface. How is Theresa supposed toreact to a smirking uncle who wonders why a35-year-old woman isn’t married yet? Yes,Christmas is a time for spread-out families tocome together and meet, but it’s also apotentially dangerous situation and familymembers often intensify their fallouts with eachother during this time of year.

And the Christmas gift giving ritual can furthercomplicate existing squabbles. We share ourgenes with these people, but still how are we toknow what the perfect gift is? Whatever you buyfor your aunt, it can be a potentially sore pointfor her. How can we possibly know what colorshe hates or what kitchen appliances she uses?This whole process results in what might beconsidered a type of ‘writer’s block.’ The writercannot write out of fear that he has nothing tosay and the gift giver cannot buy out of fear thatthe gift will say “I know nothing about you!” Sowe walk around the city, looking into windowsand resisting the calls of saleswomen. We areblocked up!

Passage36


| 해석 |

크리스마스는 일년에 한 번 오지만, 상업적 이익과 시내 중

심가가 크리스마스 분위기로 들뜬 시기로 보면, 일년에 두

달 정도는 그것을 위한 것이라고 말해도 틀림 없다. 가족들

이 직업을 따라 전국 각지에 흩어져 있어서, 우리가 유전자

를 나눈 대부분의 사람들을 아는 것은 종종 어렵기도 하다.

크리스마스가성큼다가오고있다.

크리스마스는 사람들이 모이는, 특히 지금 전국 각지에 흩어

져 있는 기족들이 모이는 아마도 일년 중 얼마 안 되는 시간

들 중 하나일 것이다. 아주 흔하게 고모, 삼촌이나 누구에게

든지 상처를 주는 나쁜 마음이 표면에 드러날 수 있다. 35세

의 여자가 왜 아직 결혼하지 않았는지 의아해하며 능 맞게

웃는 삼촌에게 Theresa는 어떻게 반응하겠는가? 맞다, 크리

스마스는 흩어져 있던 가족들이 함께 모여서 만나는 시간이

지만, 또한 위험한상황이될수있는가능성이있고가족구

성원들은 종종 이 시간 동안 서로에게 안 좋은 마음이 더 크

게되기도한다.

그리고 크리스마스 선물을 주는 의식이 사소한 문제들을 더

욱 복잡하게 할 수 있다. 우리는 이 사람들과 유전자를 나누

었지만, 여전히 적합한 선물이 무언인지 우리가 어떻게 알

수 있겠는가? 숙모를 위해 무엇을 사든지간에, 그것은 그녀

의 아픈 곳을 건드릴 가능성이 있는 것이다. 그녀가 어떤 색

을 싫어하는지 또는 어떤 부엌 용품을 사용하는지 어떻게 알

수 있겠는가? 이런 전체 과정은 결과적으로‘작가의 블록 현

상’이라고 간주되는 것으로 끝날 수 있다. 작가는 말할 것이

없다는두려움때문에쓸수없고, 선물을 주는사람은그선

물이“나는 당신에 대해 아무것도 몰라요!”라고 말할지도 모

른다는 두려움으로 선물을 살 수 없다. 그래서 우리는 창문

을 기웃거리면서 판매원들의 부름을 외면하면서, 도시를 걸

어다닌다. 우리는꽉막혀있는것이다!

| 구문 |

Christmas is a time for spread-out families to

come together and meet

to come together and meet의 의미상주어는 for

spread-out families이다.

So we walk around the city, looking into

windows and resisting the calls of saleswomen.

looking ~과 resisting ~는 동시동작을나타내는분사구

문으로, ‘~을돌아보면서, ~을 외면하면서’라고해석할

수있다.

Quiz

1. 나는 그들이오늘밤우리파티에올지궁금하다.

→ I wonder ifOwhetherPthey will come to our

party tonight.

2. 그는 그녀의아버지가어떻게생겼는지와그녀의어머니

가돌아가신지얼마나오래되었는지알고싶어했다.

→ He wanted to know what her father was like

and how long her mother had been dead.

This whole process results in what might be

considered a type of ‘writer’s block.’

이모든과정이무엇으로끝날수있는가?

→ what might be considered a type of ‘writer’s

block’

<문장의구조>

주어 → This whole process동사 → results in목적어→ what might be considered a type of

‘writer’s block’

1. You can safely say that about two months a

year are dedicated to it. (~라고안전하게O틀림없이P말할수있다)

2. All of a sudden Christmas is around the corner.(모퉁이에와있다)

3. Christmas is a time for spread-out families to

come together and meet. (흩어져있던가족들이함께모여서)

4. Whatever you buy for your aunt, it can be a

potentially sore point for her. (무엇을사든지간에)

5. The gift giver cannot buy out of fear that the gift

will say “I know nothing about you!” (~라는두려움으로살수없다)

WRITING

STRUCTURE

GRAMMAR

Answer Keys 41

| A |01. 기구, 장치

02. 고고학자

03. (시간을) 거슬러올라가다

04. 주의산만

05. 피할수없는, 불가피한

06. 직관, 본능

07. 명상

08. 유래하다, 시작하다

09. 선사시대의

10. 목적, 용도

11. 빼다, 감하다

12. 너무~하여…할수없다

| B |01. home appliances

02. subtract 7 from 10

03. prehistoric people

04. for[with] the purpose of

05. Death is inevitable.

06. This stone is too heavy (for me) to lift.

| C |01. distractions

02. Instinct

03. Archaeologists

04. originates

05. dates back

06. Meditation

| D |01. ②

02. ②

03. ③

04. ②

05. ①

06. ②

07. ①

08. ③

09. ③

10. ②

Review


Chapter 10


acknowledge 인정하다

adjustment 조정, 조절

alternatively 대안으로

approximately 대략

arrangement 배열

as a consequence of ~의결과로

aside from ~을제쳐두고

block out ~은별도로하고

broom 빗자루

burdensome 성가신, 부담이되는

carpentry 목수일, 목수직

controversial 논쟁의대상인, 논쟁의

craftsman 장인(匠人), 공예가

creep 천천히다가오다

decry 헐뜯다, 비방하다

fence 울타리

flat 평평한

for generations 여러세대동안

functionalism 기능주의, 실용주의

glue 붙이다, 접착시키다

harassment 괴로움, 골칫거리

horizontal 수평의, 가로의

intense 열정적인, 열심인

intrigue 흥미를자아내다

lozenge 마름모

mechanics 역학

mediate 중재하다, 화해시키다

minimize 최소화하다

nuisance 성가심, 귀찮음

obligation 의무

observe 관찰하다

on edge 안절부절못하는

out-of-place 부적절한

pervasive 퍼지는, 널리 미치는

post 말뚝, 기둥

precise 정 한, 엄 한

put up with ~을참다

respectful 경의를표하는

revolutionary 혁명적인

routine 일상적인, 판에 박힌

sanity 제정신

slit 틈새, 흠

spin 돌리다, 회전시키다

subconscious 잠재의식적인

take action 조치를취하다

the former 전자

the latter 후자

tip 조언

tremendous 엄청난

triangular 삼각형의

unsympathetic 매정한, 동정심이없는

upholstery (가구) 장식품

uplifted 높아진, 향상된

victim 희생자

victimize 희생시키다

weather vane 풍향계

weigh ~ down ~를침울하게하다

width 두께

woe 비애, 비통

wooden 나무로만든

woodworking 목세공, 목공예

wreck 파멸, 파괴

| 정답 |

1. ⑤

2. 사회적이라는관례나정의가바뀌었다. / 비사회적인부

분이더많이인정되고있다.

3. 상황을신선한눈으로볼수있다. / 지원, 격려, 조언들

이효과를가져올수있다. / 조치를취해야할지에대

한결정을돕는다.

4. stand for / endure

Passage37

Answer Keys 43

| 해설 |

1. ⑤ The victim of every anti-social behavior shouldbe compensated.(모든 비사회적 희생은 보상되어야만

한다.)의 보상에관한언급은없다.

다음중비사회적행동에대해사실이아닌것은?

① 모든 사회는 사회적인 것과 비사회적인 자체 규칙을

가지고있다.

② 사회적이라는 것은 그 행동이 사회에 의해 받아들여진

다는것을의미한다.

③ 사회적이고 비사회적인 행동의 범위는 매우 광범위할

수있다.

④ 희생을당할때스스로만알고있지않는것이중요하다.

2. 두 번째 단락의 the rules of acceptable or ‘social’

behavior seem to be changing에서‘사회적이라는

관례나 정의가 바뀌었다’는 첫 번째 견해가 나타나 있다.

세 번째 단락 but it is merely being acknowledged

more and more에 비사회적인부분이더많이인정되고

있다는견해를볼수있다.

3. 마지막 세 문장에 그 답이 나와 있다. 즉, 다른 사람은 상

황을 신선한 눈으로 볼 수 있고, 그들의 지원, 격려, 조언

들이효과를가져올수있으며, 조치를취해야할지에대

한결정을돕기때문이다.

필자는 괴롭힘을 당하고 있다면 다른 사람에게 말하라고

왜언급하고있는가? (우리말로)

4. put up with는「~을 견디다, 참다」의 의미이다. 이와 같

은뜻의단어는 stand for와 endure이다.

| 본문 |

Any given society by definition must have rulesof behavior which define what is sociallyacceptable. While many people today say thatour society is becoming more anti-social, theissue is still controversial.

On the one hand, when people decry anti-socialbehavior these days, they are really saying thatthe rules of acceptable or ‘social’ behavior seemto be changing and that they don’t like the newrules. This line of thinking may lead us to saythat young people are no longer as respectful oftheir elders and thus they are being anti-social.

On the other hand, it can be argued that anti-social behavior is not increasing, but it is merely

being acknowledged more and more. This maybe related to the fact that people don’t put upwith things that they used to think were normal.For instance, in general women no longer standfor certain types of harassment endured by themfor generations.

Anti-social behavior by definition has a broadrange. It can be anything from seriousharassment from a close one to nuisancesbrought on by anti-social neighbours. When theanti-social behavior of others victimizes us, wemust not blame ourselves but get help. Theworst thing any victim can do is to keep his orher victimization to himself or herself.Alternatively, victims of anti-social behavior cantalk to others. A person from outside can look atthe situation with fresh eyes. Support,encouragement and tips from others can alsomake a tremendous difference. And, they canalso help you decide whether to take action ornot.

| 해석 |

사회라고 정의되어진 사회는 어디든지 무엇이 사회적으로 받

아들여질 수 있는지 정의하는 행동 규칙을 가지고 있어야 한

다. 오늘날 많은 사람들이 우리 사회가 점점 비사회적이 되

어간다고말하고있고그이슈는여전히논쟁의대상이다.

한편, 요즈음 사람들이 비사회적 행동을 비방할 때, 그들은

정말로는, 수용할 수 있거나‘사회적인’행동의 규칙들이 바

뀌고 있는 것 같다는 점과 그 새로운 규칙이 좋지 않다는 점

을 말하고 있는 것이다. 이런 일련의 생각은 젊은 사람들이

이제 더 이상 웃어른들을 공경하지 않아서 그들이 비사회적

이라고우리로하여금말하게하는지도모른다.

또 다른 한편으로는, 비사회적 행동은 증가하고 있지 않고

단순히 점점 더 많이 인정되고 있는 것뿐이라고 주장할 수도

있다. 이것은 그들이 정상이라고 생각해오곤 했던 것들을 사

람들이참을수없어한다는사실과연관될수있다. 예를 들

면, 일반적으로 여성들은 여러 세대에 걸쳐 견뎌왔던 어떤

종류의힘든일들을이제더이상참지않는다.

의미적으로 비사회적 행동은 넓은 범위에 걸쳐 있다. 그것은

가까운 사람으로부터 겪게 되는 심각한 괴롭힘에서부터 비사

회적인 이웃에 의해 초래되는 성가심에 이르는 어떤 것이든


될 수 있다. 다른 사람들의 비사회적 행동이 우리에게 고통

을줄때, 우리는 우리자신을비난해서는안되고도움을구

해야 한다. 희생자가 할 수 있는 가장 안 좋은 것은 자신의

희생의 고통을 스스로만 알고 있는 것이다. 대안으로 비사회

적 행동의 희생자는 다른 사람들에게 말할 수 있다. 외부 사

람은 새로운 눈으로 상황을 볼 수 있다. 다른 사람들로부터

의 도움, 격려, 조언이 커다란 도움이 될 수도 있다. 그리고

그것은 또한 당신이 조치를 취할 것인지 아닌지 결정하는 데

에도도움이될것이다.

| 구문 |

the fact that people don’t put up with things that

they used to think were normal

the fact that의 that은 동격의 that이다. things that

(they used to think) were normal의 that은 주격관계

대명사이며 they used to think는 삽입어구로볼수있다.

Quiz

1. He has a lovely daughter (who is) called Pam.

2. This is the man about whom I was speaking. (없음)

3. The house (which) he lives in is very large.

4. Of those (who were) invited only a few came to

the party.

It can be anything from serious harassment from

a close one to nuisances brought on by anti-

social neighbours.

anything은 어떤것에서어떤것까지인가?

→ 어떤것에서: serious harassment from a close

one

→ 어떤것까지: nuisances brought on by anti-

social neighbours

<문장의구조>

주어 → It 동사 → can be보어 → anything(전치사구) → from serious harassment from a

close one (전치사구) → to nuisances brought on by anti-

social neighbours

STRUCTURE

GRAMMAR

1. Any given society by definition must have rules

of behavior which define what is socially

acceptable.(무엇이사회적으로받아들여질수있는지)

2. They are really saying that the rules of

acceptable or ‘social’ behavior seem to be

changing. (바뀌고있는것같다)

3. Women no longer stand for certain types of

harassment endured by them for generations.(그들에의해여러세대동안견뎌져왔던)

4. The worst thing any victim can do is to keep his

or her victimization to himself or herself. (희생자가할수있는가장나쁜것은)

5. They can also help you decide whether to take

action or not. (조치를취할것인지아닌지)

| 정답 |

1. ③

2. 직장의 매정한 상사 / 가족에 대한 일상적이지만 성가

신의무 / 불행한뉴스들

3. 자신을 포함한 모든 사람들이 완벽하지 않다는 것을 인

식하는것

4. ④

| 해설 |

1. 매스미디어에서들려오는나쁜소식들을완전히차단하는

것은 불가능하며, 혹시 그럴 수 있다고 해도 감정적인 파

멸을 느낄 수 있으므로(주어진 문장), 마음의 평화를 찾아

야 한다는 순서가 되어야 한다. 그러므로 주어진 문장은

(C)에 들어가야한다.

2. unsympathetic bosses, routine but burdensomefamily obligations, the news of the woes로부터 스트

레스를 받게 된다고 되어 있다. 그러므로 답은 직장의 매

정한 상사, 가족에 대한 일상적이지만 성가신 의무, 불행

한뉴스들이다.

WRITING

Passage38

Answer Keys 45

이 에 언급된 스트레스의 주요 요인을 나열하시오. (우

리말로)

3. 잠재의식적인 감정을 조절하기 위해서는 내적인 평화를

찾아야 하는데, 그러기 위해서는 자신을 포함한 모든 사

람이완벽하지않다는것을인식해야한다고되어있다.

잠재의식적인 감정을 조절하기 위해 무엇이 언급되고 있

는가? (우리말로)

4. 1번 문제에 주어진 문장 Even if you block out the

emotions the media is throwing at you, you might

feel you are becoming an emotional wreck.으로 보

아, ④ Complete inner peace can be obtained by

blocking out the news.(완전한 내적 평화는 뉴스를 차

단하는것으로얻어질수있다.)의 내용은옳지않다.

의 내용에따르면다음중옳지않은것은?

① 미디어로부터의 뉴스를 통제하는 것이 스트레스를 줄

이는한방법이다.

② 긴장을 풀고 명상을 하는 것이 스트레스를 줄이는 데

에도움이될수있다.

③ 일상 생활에서 미디어를 완전하게 제거하는 것은 불가

능하다.

⑤ 질투, 욕망, 분노와증오가잠재의식속에있을수있다.

| 본문 |

Stressed by unsympathetic bosses and routinebut burdensome family obligations we feel onedge. And then as we commute between ourfamilies and our jobs, we listen to the news ofthe woes of environmental destruction, financialruin and murderous criminal activity. Just whenwe need to be emotionally uplifted, we getweighted down with more worries.

You wouldn’t want these things to weigh youdown any longer. The key to maintaining yoursanity throughout the day is to minimize thenews the media throws at you. Yes, the media isall-pervasive, creeping in wherever you are,entering your space when you turn on yourcomputer, your TV, your radio, or when youopen up the daily newspaper. Since there is noway you don’t turn these things on or open themup forever, you have to take control of yourmind. You cannot afford the emotional trouble of

renting out space in your head to the massmedia. Even if you block out the emotions themedia is throwing at you, you might feel you arebecoming an emotional wreck. What you trulyneed to do is to find some inner peace. Youshould sit back, mediate and get rid of theemotions of jealousy, desire, anger and hate,which are in your subconscious mind. To do thatyou must realize that you are not perfect andneither is anyone else. If you think your bosswants a perfect report or your family wants aperfect holiday, you feel more stress and strain.And you will never be able to find that innerpeace you desire.

| 해석 |

매정한 상사와 가족에 대한 일상적이지만 성가신 의무로 스

트레스를 받으면, 우리는 안절부절 못하게 된다. 그리고 그렇

게 가정과 일 사이를 왔다갔다하는 동안, 환경 파괴, 재정적

파산과 살인 범죄 행위의 불행한 소식마저 듣게 된다. 감정

적으로 좋은 기분이 되어야 할 때에, 우리는 더 많은 걱정으

로더무거워지는것이다.

여러분을 침울하게 하는 이런 것들을 더 이상 원하지 않을

것이다. 하루 종일 제정신을 유지하는 열쇠는 미디어가 여러

분에게 던지는 뉴스를 최소화하는 것이다. 맞다, 미디어는 너

무 널리 미치고, 여러분이 어디에 있든 스멀스멀 다가와서는,

컴퓨터, TV, 라디오를 켤 때나, 일간 신문을 집어들게 될 때,

여러분의 공간으로 들어온다. 이런 것들에서 등을 돌리거나

원히 막을 방법은 없기 때문에, 마음을 다스려야 한다. 매

스미디어에 여러분의 머리를 할애하는 감정적인 문제를 감당

할 여유가 없다. 미디어가 여러분에게 던지는 감정들을 차단

한다고 해도, 여러분은 감정적으로 무너지고 있다고 느낄 수

있다. 여러분이 정말로 해야 하는 것은 마음의 평화를 찾는

것이다. 물러앉아서 (마음을) 중재하고 잠재의식 속에 있는

질투, 욕망, 분노, 증오의 감정을 버려야 한다. 그러기 위해서

는 여러분이 완벽하지 않으며 다른 사람도 그렇지 않다는 것

을 깨달아야 한다. 상사가 완벽한 보고서를 원한다거나 가족

이 완벽한 휴일을 원한다고 생각한다면, 더 많은 스트레스와

긴장을 느끼게 된다. 그러면 여러분이 원하는 그 내적인 평

화를결코찾을수없을것이다.


| 구문 |

The key to maintaining your sanity throughout

the day is to minimize the news the media

throws at you. / To do that you must realize that

you are not perfect

앞문장의 to minimize는 is의 보어로서 to부정사의명사

적용법이다. 뒤 문장의 To do that은 목적을나타내는

to부정사의부사적용법으로쓰 다.

What you truly need to do is to find some inner

peace.

What you truly need to do까지가주어이며 is가 전체

문장의동사이다. What은 주어절의동사 do의 목적어이

자, 전체 문장의동사 is의 주어역할을동시에하고있다.

Quiz

1. Put on your hat.

→ Put it on.

2. He used to take off his socks when he came

back home.

→ He used to take them off when he came

back home.

3. You should try to turn off the light whenever you

go out.

→ You should try to turn it off whenever you go

out.

Stressed by unsympathetic bosses and routine

but burdensome family obligations we feel on

edge.

Stressed(분사구문) 앞에 생략된말을쓰시오.

→ SinceOWhenPwe are

무엇에의해스트레스를받는가?

→ unsympathetic bosses

→ routine but burdensome family obligations

<문장의구조>

분사구 → Stressed by unsympathetic bosses

and ~ obligations주어 → we 동사 → feel (전치사구) → on edge

STRUCTURE

GRAMMAR

1. Stressed by unsympathetic bosses and routine

but burdensome family obligations we feel on

edge. (우리는안절부절못하게된다)

2. The key to maintaining your sanity throughout

the day is to minimize the news the media

throws at you. (뉴스를최소화하는것이다)

3. You cannot afford the emotional trouble of

renting out space in your head to the mass

media. (감정적인문제를감당할수없다(여력이없다))

4. What you truly need to do is to find some inner

peace. (여러분이정말로해야하는것은)

5. To do that you must realize that you are not

perfect and neither is anyone else. (다른 사람도그렇지않다는것을)

| 정답 |

1. ② / ⑤

2. chair: 위치 조정이가능하고스프링이나장식물이

없는의자

table: 접거나다른모양으로만들수있는탁자

3. 사람들이앉을때반복적으로하는패턴

4. ③

| 해설 |

1. He wanted to create more functional and modernfurniture라는 문장에서 ② He was more interested in

making functional furniture.(그는 기능적인 가구를 만

드는 데에 더 관심을 갖게 되었다.)의 내용을 알 수 있다.

또한 he acquired all the precise skills of a master

craftsman라는 표현에서 ⑤ He grew up learning the

technical skills to make furniture.(그는 가구를 만드는

기술을배우며성장했다.)의 내용이사실이라는것을확인

할수있다.

다음중 Mathsson에 관해사실인것은?

①그는그의예술적인가구디자인에특허권을신청했다.

WRITING

Passage39

Answer Keys 47

③그는혼자서가구제작기술을공부했다.

④ 그의 혁명적인 디자인 아이디어는 그 시대에는 성과를

거두지못했다.

2. Mathsson이 개발한 의자의 특징은 some chairs with

positional adjustability, Some of the chairs he

worked on didn’t have springs or upholstery.에서,

탁자의 특징은 The latter is a table which can be

folded and made into several different

arrangements.에서 알 수 있다. 즉, 의자는 위치 조정이

가능하고 스프링이나 장식물이 없고, 탁자는 접거나 다른

모양으로만들수있다는것이었다.

3. what repeated patterns humans made when theysat down에서 답을 알 수 있다. 즉, the mechanics of

sitting은‘사람들이앉을때반복적으로하는패턴’이다.

4. 마지막 문장 While it was designed in 1935, it would

not be out-of-place in many homes today.에서 ③

Some of his designs are still popular among many

people.(그의 디자인중 어떤것들은아직도여러사람들

에게인기가있다.)의 내용을추론할수있다.

다음중 Mathsson에 대해추론할수있는것은?

① 가구에 있어 기능주의에 관한 아이디어는 그에 의해

처음만들어졌다.

② 그는충분히숙련된후에아버지의사업을물려받았다.

④ 그의가구는그시대의다른가구보다더비쌌다.

⑤ 그는아버지가만든가구를실제로는좋아하지않았다.

| 본문 |

Furniture designer Bruno Mathsson, who wasborn in Varnamo, Sweden in 1907, was greatlyinfluenced by the woodworking traditions of hisfamily. Carpentry, especially cabinet making,was his father’s trade so Mathsson grew uplearning about wood from his father. Bywatching and helping his father, he acquired allthe precise skills of a master craftsman. Thus,having become interested in furniture makingtechniques, he gathered as much information ashe could from all the additional sources, asidefrom his father, that he knew of. He learned a lotby borrowing books from libraries, museumsand friends who shared his intense passion fordesigning.

Mathsson became fascinated by functionalismin furniture design as a consequence of this self-education in designing. He wanted to createmore functional and modern furniture than theflat board furniture his father and the rest of hiswoodworking family members had been creatingfor centuries. His furniture was designed withclean, elegant lines including some chairs withpositional adjustability. Some of the chairs heworked on didn’t have springs or upholstery. Hisideas were revolutionary for his time.

Mathsson was so intrigued by what he termed“the mechanics of sitting” that he conductedexperiments to learn what repeated patternshumans made when they sat down. He evenconducted some experiments in snow toobserve the results. Some of his designs havebecome classics such as the Bruno MathssonPernilla chair and the Bruno Mathsson Follbordtable. The latter is a table which can be foldedand made into several different arrangements.While it was designed in 1935, it would not beout-of-place in many homes today.

| 해석 |

가구 디자이너 Bruno Mathsson은 1907년 스웨덴

Varnamo에서 태어나, 그의 가족의 목세공 전통에 지대한

향을 받았다. 목수일, 특히 장롱을 만드는 것이 그의 아버

지의 일이어서 Mathsson은 그의 아버지로부터 나무에 대해

배우며 성장했다. 아버지를 지켜보고 도우면서, 그는 장인의

대가가 지녀야 할 모든 정 한 기술들을 얻게 되었다. 그래

서 가구를 만드는 기술에 관심을 갖게 되면서, 그는 아버지

이외에 그가 알고 있는 모든 추가적인 자료들로부터 가능한

한 많은 정보를 모았다. 그는 도서관, 박물관 그리고 디자인

에 관한 강렬한 열정을 나누는 친구들로부터 책을 빌려 보는

것에서많은것을배웠다.

Mathsson은 디자인에 대한 이런 독학의 결과로 가구 디자

인의 실용주의에 매료되었다. 그는 그의 아버지와 그의 나머

지 목세공 가족들이 수세기 동안 만들어왔던 평평한 나무판

자 가구보다 더 실용적이고 현대적인 가구를 만들고 싶었다.

그의 가구는 위치를 조정할 수 있는 몇몇 의자들을 포함하여

선명하고 우아한 선으로 디자인되었다. 그가 작업한 몇몇 의


자들은 용수철이나 장식품을 가지고 있지 않았다. 그의 아이

디어는그시대에는혁명적이었다.

Mathsson은 그가“착석의 역학”이라 부르는 것에 너무나

매료되어, 사람들이 앉을 때 일어나는 반복적인 패턴이 무엇

인지 알기 위해서 실험을 했다. 그는 그 결과를 관찰하기 위

해서심지어눈속에서도몇가지실험을했다. 그의 몇몇디

자인은 Bruno Mathsson Pernilla 의자와 Bruno

Mathsson Fo‥llbord 탁자처럼 최고 수준의 것들이다. 후자

는 접을 수 있고 여러 가지 다른 배열로(다른 모양으로) 만들

수 있는 탁자이다. 그것은 1935년에 디자인되었지만, 오늘날

에도많은가정에서이상하지않을것이다.

| 구문 |

having become interested in furniture making

techniques, he gathered as much information as

he could

having ~ techniques까지는분사구문으로 as he had

become interested ~ techniques로바꾸어쓸수있다.

Mathsson was so intrigued by what he termed

“the mechanics of sitting” that he conducted

experiments to learn ~

<so ~ that …> 구문으로‘너무~해서…하다’라고해석

한다.

Quiz

1. When I woke up, the sun had already risen.

2. I recognized the lady at once though we hadn’t

met for years.

3. It was difficult to determine exactly where the

accident had taken place.

He wanted to create more functional and modern

furniture than the flat board furniture his father

and the rest of his woodworking family members

had been creating for centuries.

the flat board furniture는 어떤 평평한 나무판자 가구

를말하는가?

→ his father and the rest of ~ for centuries

→ 해석: 그의아버지와나머지목세공가족들이수세기

동안만들어왔던

STRUCTURE

GRAMMAR

<문장의구조>

주어 → He 동사 → wanted 목적어 → to create more functional and

modern furniture (전치사구) → than the flat board furniture (형용사절) → his father ~ for centuries

1. He gathered as much information as he could

from all the additional sources, aside from his

father, that he knew of. (그가 할수있는한많은정보)

2. Mathsson became fascinated by functionalism

in furniture design as a consequence of this

self-education in designing. (실용주의에매료되었다)

3. His ideas were revolutionary for his time. (그의 시대에는혁명적인)

4. He conducted experiments to learn what

repeated patterns humans made when they sat

down. (사람들이만들어내는어떤반복적인패턴)

5. The latter is a table which can be folded and

made into several different arrangements. (접을 수있고~으로만들어질수있는)

| 정답 |

1. ④

2. ④

3. ③

4. 북서쪽에서남동쪽으로바람이불고있다.

| 해설 |

1. 풍향계를 만드는 재료로 ④ wire and scissors(철사와

가위)는 언급되지않았다.

다음 중필요한재료로언급되지않은것은?

WRITING

Passage40

Answer Keys 49

①접착제와나무봉 ②긴나무막대

③알루미늄판 ⑤못과망치

2. 풍향계는 바람에 따라 잘 돌아가야 하므로, 내용의 흐름

상 빈칸에는 ④ the stick turns easily around the

nail(막대가못주위를쉽게돌다)이 들어가야한다.

① 막대가못주위를잘돌지않다

②막대가두조각으로똑같이잘라지다

③막대에접착제를붙일구멍이생기다

⑤막대가나무봉에잘맞을수있다

3. it은 풍향계의날개부분인③ vane을 가리킨다.

① 망치 ②봉 ④ (볼트의) 와셔 ⑤못

4. 머리가 남서쪽을 가리키면, 바람은 남서쪽에서 불어오는

것이라고 했으므로, 풍향계의 머리가 북서쪽을 가리키면

북서쪽에서불어와서남동쪽을향한다고말할수있다.

풍향계의 머리가 북서쪽을 가리키고 있다. 바람의 방향을

우리말로설명하시오.

| 본문 |

Let’s make our own weather vane. Start with anapproximately 30 cm long piece of wood. Thispiece of wood should be approximately 1 cm inwidth and 2 cm in height. Cut a horizontal slitabout 1 cm deep on each end of the piece ofwood. In the middle of the piece of wood,hammer one nail all the way through it. Spin thepiece of wood around the nail until the stickturns easily around the nail.

Cut a triangular head and a lozenge-shaped tailfor the weather vane from a piece of aluminumsuch as a pie plate. Glue the head into one slitand the tail into the other slit. Allow time for theglue to dry.

Get a long wooden dowel to put the weathervane onto. A dowel is a long, round piece ofwood l ike the one that is used for broomhandles. Before hammering the weather vane ontop of the dowel, place a metal washer on theend of the dowel which the weather vane isgoing to be attached to. Now hammer the nail inthe middle of the weather vane, into the end ofthe dowel. Make sure that it moves freely andeasily around the nail.

Now you can put your weather vane outside. Agood place to put it is on a fence post usingnails. Try to get the vane as high above thefence as you can while still keeping the dowelsteady and secure. The triangular head willalways point in the direction the wind is blowingfrom. For example, if the head points to theSouthwest, then the wind is blowing from theSouthwest. It’s as simple as that. A commonmistake is to think that the wind is blowingtoward the Southwest.

| 해석 |

풍향계를 만들어 보자. 약 30cm 길이의 나무막대로 시작하

라. 이 나무막대는 약 1cm의 넓이에 2cm의 높이가 되어야

할 것이다. 나무막대의 양 끝에서 1cm 정도 안쪽으로 가로

틈새를 만들어라. 나무막대의 중간에 못 하나를 끝까지 들어

가도록 망치로 박아라. 그 못 주위를 막대가 쉽게 돌아갈 때

까지나무막대를돌려라.

파이를 굽는 접시 같은 알루미늄 판에서 풍향계를 위한 삼각

형의 머리와 마름모꼴의 꼬리를 잘라내라. 하나의 틈새에 머

리를, 다른 틈새에 꼬리를 접착제로 끼워라. 접착제가 마를

시간을가져라.

풍향계에 끼워 넣을 긴 나무봉을 준비하라. 봉은 빗자루 손

잡이에 사용되는 것과 같이 길고 둥근 나무막대면 된다. 그

봉 위에 풍향계를 망치질하기 전에, 풍향계를 달 예정인 봉

끝에 금속 (볼트의) 와셔를 마련해 두어라. 이제 풍향계 중간

을 봉의 끝에 들어가도록 못을 박아라. 그것이 못 주위를 자

유롭고쉽게돌아갈수있게확인해라.

이제 풍향계를 밖으로 가지고 나갈 수 있다. 설치하기 좋은

장소는 못을 사용해서 울타리 말뚝 위에 박는 것이다. 풍향

계를 울타리 위에 할 수 있는 한 충분히 높게 두고, 봉은 견

고하고 안정되게 놓아라. 삼각형의 머리는 항상 바람이 불어

오는 방향을가리킬것이다. 예를들면, 머리가남서쪽을가리

키면, 그 때 바람은남서쪽에서불어오는것이다. 아주 간단하

다. 흔히 하게 되는 실수는 바람이 남서쪽으로 분다고 생각하

는것이다.

| 구문 |

Allow time for the glue to dry.

to dry의 의미상의주어로 for the glue가 왔다.


A good place to put it is on a fence post using

nails.

to put it은 A good place를 꾸며주는 to부정사의형용

사적용법이다. A good place to put it까지가주어이며,

동사가 is이다.

Quiz

1. I decided to study hard from now on. → 목적어

2. To cram for a test is a bad study strategy. → 주어

3. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind

with an open one. → 보어

A dowel is a long, round piece of wood like the

one that is used for broom handles.

like the one이란무엇과같은것을말하는가?

→ that is used for broom handles

→ 해석: 빗자루봉으로사용되는것과같은것

<문장의구조>

주어 → A dowel 동사 → is 보어 → a long, round piece of wood(전치사구)→ like the one that is used for broom

handles

1. Start with an approximately 30 cm long piece of

wood. (약 30cm 길이의)

2. This piece of wood should be approximately

1 cm in width and 2 cm in height. (1cm의 넓이에 2cm의높이)

3. Allow time for the glue to dry. (접착제가마를)

4. A dowel is a long, round piece of wood like the

one that is used for broom handles. (빗자루손잡이에사용되는것과같이)

5. A good place to put it is on a fence post using

nails. (그것을설치하기(놓기, 붙이기) 좋은 장소는)

WRITING

STRUCTURE

GRAMMAR

| A |01. 열정적인, 열심인

02. 퍼지는, 널리 미치는

03. 향을미치다

04. 엄청난

05. ~을참다

06. 성가심, 귀찮음

07. 흥미를자아내다

08. 중재하다

09. 관찰하다

10. 헐뜯다, 비방하다

11. ~을제거하다

12. 조치를취하다

| B |01. tremendous amount of money

02. decried the campaign

03. get rid of the car

04. Sorry to be a nuisance.

05. put up with his insults

06. Let’s take action.

| C |01. intense

02. intrigues

03. makes a difference

04. mediates

05. observe

06. pervasive

| D |01. ③

02. ②

03. ①

04. ②

05. ①

06. ③

07. ③

08. ②

09. ③

10. ②

Review

Level3 B All

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Transcript of Level3 B All